Stigma Maydis Research Articles

Uric acid is a key player in salt-induced endothelial dysfunction: the therapeutic role of Stigma maydis (corn silk) extract.

Hyperuricemia has been implicated in the pathogenesis and complications of cardiovascular diseases with associated elevated oxidant events. There is evidence that excessive salt intake results in cardiometabolic disturbances but the mechanism is elusive. Also, Stigma maydis (corn silk) is noted for its antioxidant properties among other beneficial roles. This study, therefore, aimed to establish the effect of high-salt diet (SD) on uric acid (UA) production and the role of S. maydis in salt-induced phenotypes. Four groups of randomly selected rats (n = 5) were fed with normal rat feed, corn silk extract (500 mg/kg), SD (8%) and corn silk extract plus high-salt feed. After 6 weeks of the experimental procedure, each animal was anesthetized by exposure to chloroform vapor and blood samples collected by cardiac puncture. Data were expressed in means ± SEM and p values <0.05 were accepted as significant. SD resulted in reduced plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide (NO), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) but not endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Also, plasma UA and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) increased in the SD group compared with control. However, S. maydis extract in the SD-exposed group increased NO and GPx and not SOD. Also, S. maydis extract attenuated UA and VCAM-1. In conclusion, high-salt intake may initiate deleterious cardiovascular events through UA-dependent mechanism and S. maydis extract has therapeutic potential in high-salt-induced oxidative damage and/or UA-dependent endothelial pathologies.

GC–MS and FTIR analyses of oils from Hibiscus sabdariffa, Stigma maydis and Chromolaena odorata leaf obtained from Malaysia: Potential sources of fatty acids

Abstract Fatty acids are reduced carbon chains mostly found in nature with different usages in the industrial feedstock, pharmaceutical and food industries. Plants are embodiments of substantial amounts of fatty acids. In this study, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis was employed to identify the chemical compositions of oils from Hibiscus sabdariffa flower, Stigma maydis; Chromolaena odorata leaf extracted through microwave-assisted hydrodistillation method. In addition, the oils from the three plant samples were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis to evaluate the fingerprints. A total number of 16, 13 and 13 chemical compounds were identified in the oils from H. sabdariffa flower, S. maydis and C. odorata leaf, respectively. The main identified compounds were fatty acids and esters. Moreover, the FTIR characterization reflected the presence of hydroxyl group, cellulose-fatty acids, methyl carboxylic acid, nucleic acid, and carbohydrate. This finding has fully demonstrated that the oils from H. sabdariffa flower, S. maydis and C. odorata leaf can serve as the potential sources of fatty acids.

Evaluation of the safety of oral intake of aqueous extract of Stigma maydis (corn silk) in rats.

Corn silk (Stigma madyis) is used in ethnomedicine for the management of diabetes, kidney stones, depression, fatigue, urinary infections and as a slimming tea. However, there is limited literature on its effect on body weight, lipid, hematological, hepatocellular, nephrological and histopathological indices which the present study evaluated. In the acute toxicity test, aqueous extract of Stigma madyis was orally adminis- tered to rats using a gavage, in doses of up to 5 g/kg body weight. The rats were observed for any behavioral changes, signs of toxicity or mortality. In the sub-acute toxicity, rats were orally administered 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg Stigma madyis extract for 28 days. On the 29th day, the rats were euthanized and the following parameters measured; lipid profile, hematology, serum chemistry and histopathology of the liver and kidney. In the acute toxicity test, Stigma madyis did not cause any mortality and was non-toxic at the dose of up to 5 g/kg body weight. In the sub-acute study,&nbsp; the extract caused an observable significant increase&nbsp;&nbsp; (p < 0.05) in triglycerides (TAG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), while the concentration of high density lipoprotein (HDL) decreased significantly (p < 0.05) when compared to the control group. AST and ALT increased significantly (p < 0.05) in rats treated with 1000 and 2000 mg/kg of Stigma maydis compared to their control. The histopathological results revealed degenerative changes in the liver at 2000 mg/kg body weight extract. In long term treatment, toxic effects were observed in liver at the doses of 1000 and 2000 mg/kg. This study suggests that prolonged use of higher doses of aqueous extract of Stigma maydis &ge; 1000 mg/kg could be hepatotoxic. Therefore, only lower doses should be encouraged for therapeutic use.

Evaluation of the safety of oral intake of aqueous extract of Stigma maydis (corn silk) in rats [pdf

Evaluation of the safety of oral intake of aqueous extract of Stigma maydis (corn silk) in rats [pdf

Hypoglycemic effects of polysaccharides from corn silk (Maydis stigma) and their beneficial roles via regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in L6 skeletal muscle myotubes

In the present study, the physicochemical properties of polysaccharides from corn silk (CSP) with different molecular weights were characterized and their inhibitory actions against α-glucosidase and α-amylase were evaluated. Then their effects on glucose uptake and mechanism of action in PI3K/Akt signaling pathway were also determined in L6 skeletal muscle cells. Results demonstrated that CSP could significantly inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase. CSP were non-toxic and they considerably increased the 2-NBDG uptake (P < 0.05) in L6 cells. Additionally, CSP regulated the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and promoted the translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane that would enhanced the glucose uptake in rat L6 skeletal muscle cells. Among the tested polysaccharides, CSP2 with the molecular weight of 62.16 kDa exerted appreciable hypoglycemic activity. Altogether it was suggested that CSP could be the promising candidate in the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). The elucidation of the potential anti-diabetic mechanism of the polysaccharides from corn silk will facilitate their utilization in the functional food industries.

Studies on the binding characteristics of three polysaccharides with different molecular weight and flavonoids from corn silk (Maydis stigma)

Polysaccharides and flavonoids co-existed in corn silk (Maydis stigma) could interact inevitably during processing and digestion. In this study, the binding interaction between three polysaccharides with different molecular weight and flavonoids from corn silk was characterized using molecular dynamic and thermodynamic simulation. And the corn silk polysaccharides-flavonoids complex (CSP - CSF complex) was characterized using fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra, circular dichroism (CD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The three polysaccharides from corn silk showed the molecular weight distributions of 43.3 kDa, 61.3 kDa and 106.6 kDa, respectively, and they had the same monosaccharide types with different ratios. The adsorption of flavonoids to polysaccharides might be mostly driven by van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding, and it could be described through various isothermal models and thermodynamic equations such as Langmuir, Freundlich equations and Clausius-Clapeyron equation. This type of interactions could improve the biological activities of polysaccharides such as α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition.

Sesquiterpenes from stigma maydis (Zea mays) as a crop by-product and their potential neuroprotection and inhibitory activities of Aβ aggregation

Maize (Zea mays Linn.) during industrial processing generates a vast amount of residues including stigma maydis, which is generally regarded as a waste and discarded. However, there are great medicine and economic value in the industrial crop wastes. With the aim of fully utilizing the stigma maydis as a valuable source of bioactive components, a phytochemical investigation on stigma maydis was performed, leading to the isolation of five new macrocarpene-type sesquiterpenes (1–5), named stigmenes A-E, along with a known analogue stigmene F (6). The chemical structures of all compounds were unambiguously determined by employing various spectroscopic measurements. Their absolute configurations were confirmed by comparison of the experimental and calculated ECD data. All compounds were screened for the inhibitory effect of amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation, among which 1 exhibited the most significant inhibitory activity. Molecular docking was used to predict the putative binding mode as the mechanism of action against Aβ aggregation. In addition, neuroprotection against H2O2-induced SH-SY5Y cell injury for all compounds was evaluated, and 5 and 6 were the most active. In total, the results suggest that stigma maydis is a promising and valuable crop waste for the pharmaceutical industry of neurological diseases.

Development of a UPLC-MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Determination of Six Flavonoids in Rat Plasma after Administration of Maydis stigma Extract and Its Application to a Comparative Pharmacokinetic Study in Normal and Diabetic Rats.

Maydis stigma is an important medicine herb used in many parts of the world for treatment of diabetes mellitus, which main bioactive ingredients are flavonoids. This paper describes for the first time a study on the comparative pharmacokinetics of six active flavonoid ingredients of Maydis stigma in normal and diabetic rats orally administrated with the decoction. Therefore, an efficient and sensitive ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous determination of six anti-diabetic ingredients (cynaroside, quercetin, luteolin, isorhamnetin, rutin and formononetin) of Maydis stigma in rat plasma has been developed and validated in plasma samples, which showed good linearity over a wide concentration range (r2 > 0.99), and gave a lower limit of quantification of 1.0 ng·mL−1 for the analytes. The intra- and interday assay variability was less than 15% for all analytes. The mean extraction recoveries and matrix effect of analytes and IS from rats plasma were all more than 85.0%. The stability results showed the measured concentration for six analytes at three QC levels deviated within 15.0%. The results indicated that significant differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters of the analytes were observed between the two groups of animals, whereby the absorptions of these analytes in the diabetic group were all significantly higher than those in the normal group, which provides an experimental basis for the role of Maydis stigma in anti-diabetic treatment.

Toxicopathological evaluation of a 28-day repeated dose administration of Zea mays L. (Poaceae), Stigma maydis aqueous extract on key metabolic markers of Wistar rats

Zea mays L., Stigma maydis is a waste product of corn cultivation with good therapeutic applications against several debilitating diseases. This study evaluated the safety of its aqueous extract on key metabolic markers of Wistar rats using Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines. In the acute toxicity test, single oral administration of 5000 mg/kg body weight of the extract was given to the animals and observation was made for 14 days. The repeated dose toxicity study was conducted via daily oral administration of graded concentrations (50, 100, 200 and 500 mg/kg) of the extract for 28 days. Clinical toxicity signs, behavioural changes, haematological, and biochemical parameters were thereafter evaluated. The extract at 5000 mg/kg produced no treatment-induced signs of toxicity, behavioural changes or mortality in the animals. Thus, its LD50 was estimated to be above 5000 mg/kg. In the repeated dose toxicity study, treatments with the extract revealed no significant difference in haematological and clinical biochemistry parameters. However, at 500 mg/kg, the extract significantly increased the body weight, the exploratory ability as well as serum concentrations of leukocytes and platelets of the treated animals compared to the control group. Cage side observations recorded no treatment-mediated signs of toxicity and macro-histopathological examinations of all the investigated organs also revealed no obvious morphological alterations. Overall, the effects elicited by the aqueous extract of Z. mays, S. maydis suggest that it is unlikely to be toxic to the investigated tissues and may be labelled and classified as practically non-toxic within the tested doses and period of investigation.

Estrogenic Effect Ethanol Extract Corn Silk (Stigma maydis) on Bone Density and Histology Femur Profiles in Ovariectomized Rats Female Sprague Dawley Strain

Osteoporosis in menopause woman is caused by estrogen deficiency which plays an important role in bone formation. Corn silk (Stigma Maydis) contains stigmasterol, a phytosterol compound predicted to act as phytoestrogen. The aim of this research is to observe the activity of Corn Silk as the source of phytoestrogen by in vivo study in ovariectomized rats. Bone density analysis was examined by using x-ray. Meanwhile, histological profile of bone matrix was determined by HE-staining microscopic observation. Affinity of stigmasterol to ER (α,β) were evaluated by molecular docking. The results showed that treatment of EECS after ovariectomy has not been able to increase bone density compared to the control group OVX. Moreover, histological observation of bone matrix showed that EECS performed improvement effect compared to was observed in the administration of estradiol. Docking between stigmasterol and ER (α,β) gave the docking score which are almost the same as that seen in docking with estradiol. In summary, EECS produced positive effects on bone density in estrogens-deficient OVX rats by reducing bone resorption. Therefore, EECS may also prove to be helpful in preventing osteoporosis in postmenopausal women whose estrogen is insufficient.Keywords: osteoporosis, phytoestrogen, corn silk, stigmasterol

Maydis Stigma Elicits Analgesia and Blocks Edema in Mice and Inhibits Inflammation in Macrophages.

Maydis Stigma (MS) is an herb traditionally used in many parts of the world. Previous studies have reported that MS plays a role in several biological activities, including antidiabetic and anticancer activities. However, the effects of a MS ethanolic extract (MSE) on the anti-inflammatory cellular mechanism remain unclear. Here, we investigated the anti-inflammatory properties of MSE and its molecular mechanism both in vitro and in vivo. The effects of MSE on the production of inflammatory mediators, cytokines, and related proteins and the identification of target genes were determined using LPS-stimulated macrophages. We also determined the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of MSE by examining acetic acid-induced writhing responses and xylene-induced ear edema in mice. Our results indicated that MSE markedly decreased iNOS and COX-2 levels without causing cytotoxicity and suppressed the secretion of NO in LPS-stimulated macrophages. MSE also inhibited the production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-[Formula: see text], IL-6, and IL-1[Formula: see text], and induced the expression of HO-1. Moreover, MSE treatment significantly reduced the LPS-stimulated activation of MAPK, NF-[Formula: see text]B, and AP-1. Furthermore, MSE exerted an analgesic effect on the acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing response test and an anti-inflammatory effect on xylene-induced ear edema in ICR mice. Finally, we investigated the components of MSE using UPLC-ESI-MS and found that it contains the maysin as a marker component. Overall, these observations demonstrate that MSE has anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects both in vitro and in vivo, which may provide new scientific evidence for its use as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammation.

Zea mays L. (Poaceae) – An Ethnomedicinal Plant Used in the Treatment of Kidney Stone by Native Folklore of Ratlam District (Madhya Pradesh)

Corn silk (Stigma maydis) is an important herb used traditionally by the native Indians to treat many diseases. It is also used as traditional medicine in many parts of the world such as China, Turkey, United States and France. In present study it has been found to be very effective for the treatment of kidney stone. This valuable ethnomedicinal plant is interestingly used by the inhabitants of Ratlam district (M.P.) to cure their kidney stone.

Anti-Diabetic Potential of Methanol Extract of Cooked Corn Silk (Stigma Maydis) on Alloxan-Induced Diabetes in Albino Mice

Anti-Diabetic Potential of Methanol Extract of Cooked Corn Silk (Stigma Maydis) on Alloxan-Induced Diabetes in Albino Mice

Effects of Maydis stigma polysaccharide on the intestinal microflora in type-2 diabetes

Context: Diabetes is a serious endocrine and metabolic disorder. Food supplements attract people’s attention in mitigating health problems from the aspect of gastrointestinal microflora. Maydis stigma (Zea mays subsp. mays L. [Poaceae]), has been used as water decoction for treating diabetes in folk medicine. It has great potential, and feasibly a stable form of Maydis stigma commercial products could be developed to fulfil the health food market.Objective: To study the effects of Maydis stigma polysaccharide (MSP) on the intestinal microflora in type-2 diabetes (T2D).Materials and methods: MSP was fractioned from Maydis stigma by distilled water, purified by DEAE-52 Cellulose chromatography and Sephadex G-200 gel column. Streptozotocin (160 mg/kg) was intraperitoneal injected for 3 days to build model. The diabetic mice were randomly divided into five groups together with control group (10 mice in each group). The doses of MSP were 400, 600 and 800 mg/kg, respectively. After 5 weeks of administration, antidiabetic effects and intestinal microflora balance restoring activities were evaluated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis.Results: Blood glucose levels of MSP-treated groups showed extremely significant hypoglycemic effects (p < 0.01), body weight increased showed extremely significant (p < 0.01) differences. Bacteroides, Lactobacillus and Prevotella were dominant organisms in the intestinal tract. The quality and quantity of Lactobacillus and Bacteroides genus increased remarkably with increasing concentration of MSP.Discussion and conclusion: Experimental results of this study suggest that MSP has the significant potential to be used as a natural agent for treating T2D and restoring the intestinal microflora balance.

Toxicological evaluation of the flavonoid-rich extract from Maydis stigma: Subchronic toxicity and genotoxicity studies in mice

Ethnopharmacological relevanceMaydis stigma (corn silk) has a long history of use as a traditional herbal medicine or functional food in China and many other countries and has been listed in the Chinese Pharmacopea. However, little data about its potential toxicity is available. Aim of the studyIn this study, we evaluated the subchronic toxicity and genotoxicity of the flavonoid-rich extract from Maydis stigma (FMS) in mice. Materials and methodsIn the subchronic toxicity study, the FMS was administered orally to mice at doses of 2.50, 5.00 and 10.00g/kg/day for 28 consecutive days. At the end of experiment, general clinical signs, mortality, haematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters were examined. The genotoxicity of FMS was also evaluated by the micronucleus assay and the sperm malformation assay. ResultsAll animals survived until the scheduled necropsy, and no statistically significant or toxicologically relevant differences were observed in any of the FMS-treatment groups, compared with the control group. The no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) was determined as 10.00g/kg/day. Based on the results of the micronucleus assay and the sperm malformation assay, no evidence of genotoxicity was found either in somatic cells or germ cells even at an experimental upper limit dose (10.00g/kg/day). ConclusionsThe results of the present studies might support the safe use of FMS as a functional food, food additive and natural remedy.

Zea mays, Stigma maydis prevents and extenuates acetaminophen-perturbed oxidative onslaughts in rat hepatocytes

Context: Zea mays L. (Poaceae) Stigma maydis is an underutilized product of corn cultivation finding therapeutic applications in oxidative stress-related disorders.Objectives: This study investigated its aqueous extract against acetaminophen (APAP)-perturbed oxidative insults in rat hepatocytes.Materials and methods: Hepatotoxic rats were orally pre- and post-treated with the extract (at 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) and vitamin C (200 mg/kg body weight), respectively, for 14 days. Liver function, antioxidative and histological analyses were thereafter evaluated.Results: The APAP-induced marked (p < 0.05) increases in the activities of alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyl transferase and the concentrations of bilirubin, oxidized glutathione, protein carbonyls, malondialdehyde, conjugated dienes, lipid hydroperoxides and fragmented DNA were dose-dependently extenuated in the extract-treated animals. The extract also significantly (p < 0.05) improved the reduced activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase as well as total protein, albumin and glutathione concentrations in the hepatotoxic rats. These improvements may be attributed to the bioactive constituents as revealed by the gas chromatography–mass spectrometric chromatogram of the extract. The observed effects compared favourably with vitamin C and are informative of hepatoprotective and antioxidative attributes of the extract and were further supported by the histological analysis.Conclusion: The data from the present findings suggest that Stigma maydis aqueous extract is capable of preventing and ameliorating APAP-mediated oxidative hepatic damage via enhancement of antioxidant defence systems.

Kinetics of α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory potential of Zea mays Linnaeus (Poaceae), Stigma maydis aqueous extract: An in vitro assessment

Ethnopharmacological relevanceCorn silk (Zea mays L., Stigma maydis) is an important herb used traditionally in many parts of the world to treat array of diseases including diabetes mellitus. Inhibitors of α-amylase and α-glucosidase offer an effective strategy to modulate levels of post prandial hyperglycaemia via control of starch metabolism. Aim of the studyThis study evaluated α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory potentials of corn silk aqueous extract. Active principles and antioxidant attributes of the extract were also analysed. Materials and methodsThe α-amylase inhibitory potential of the extract was investigated by reacting its different concentrations with α-amylase and starch solution, while α-glucosidase inhibition was determined by pre-incubating α-glucosidase with different concentrations of the extract followed by addition of p-nitrophenylglucopyranoside. The mode(s) of inhibition of the enzymes were determined using Lineweaver-Burke plot. ResultsIn vitro analysis of the extract showed that it exhibited potent and moderate inhibitory potential against α-amylase and α-glucosidase, respectively. The inhibition was concentration-dependent with respective half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 5.89 and 0.93mg/mL. Phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, tannins and phytosterols as probable inhibitory constituents. Furthermore, the extract remarkably scavenges reactive oxygen species like DPPH and nitric oxide radicals, elicited good reducing power and a significant metal chelating attributes. ConclusionOverall, the non-competitive and uncompetitive mechanism of action of corn silk extract is due to its inhibitory effects on α-amylase and α-glucosidase, respectively. Consequently, this will reduce the rate of starch hydrolysis, enhance palliated glucose levels, and thus, lending credence to hypoglycaemic candidature of corn silk.

Membrane Stabilization and Detoxification of Acetaminophen-Mediated Oxidative Onslaughts in the Kidneys of Wistar Rats by Standardized Fraction of Zea mays L. (Poaceae), Stigma maydis.

This study evaluated membrane stabilization and detoxification potential of ethyl acetate fraction of Zea mays L., Stigma maydis in acetaminophen-induced oxidative onslaughts in the kidneys of Wistar rats. Nephrotoxic rats were orally pre- and posttreated with the fraction and vitamin C for 14 days. Kidney function, antioxidative and histological analyses were thereafter evaluated. The acetaminophen-mediated significant elevations in the serum concentrations of creatinine, urea, uric acid, sodium, potassium, and tissue levels of oxidized glutathione, protein-oxidized products, lipid peroxidized products, and fragmented DNA were dose-dependently assuaged in the fraction-treated animals. The fraction also markedly improved creatinine clearance rate, glutathione, and calcium concentrations as well as activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase in the nephrotoxic rats. These improvements may be attributed to the antioxidative and membrane stabilization activities of the fraction. The observed effects compared favorably with that of vitamin C and are informative of the fraction's ability to prevent progression of renal pathological conditions and preserve kidney functions as evidently supported by the histological analysis. Although the effects were prominently exhibited in the fraction-pretreated groups, the overall data from the present findings suggest that the fraction could prevent or extenuate acetaminophen-mediated oxidative renal damage via fortification of antioxidant defense mechanisms.

Effects of bearberry, parsley and corn silk extracts on diuresis, electrolytes composition, antioxidant capacity and histopathological features in mice kidneys

The effects of corn silk (Maydis stigma), parsley (Petroselinum crispum) and bearberry leaves (Uva ursi folium) extracts on diuresis, electrolytes composition, antioxidant capacity and histopathological features of pretreated mice kidneys were determined. The first group of ten animals drank corn silk, second parsley and third bearberry leaf extract. Fourth group was the control when animals drank water. Extracts and water were administrated ad libitum. On 0, 1st, 7th, 14th and 28th day of the experiment urine volume and electrolyte content were measured. Antioxidant status of kidneys was investigated by determining antioxidant enzymes and reduced glutathione quantity. Free radical scavenging capacity, lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant power were determined. Hystopahological examination of kidneys was performed at the end of the experiment. On the basis of the overall presented results parsley and corn silk extracts could be proposed for further investigations as new functional food ingredients with antioxidant and diuretic properties.

Safety Evaluation, in Vitro and in Vivo Antioxidant Activity of the Flavonoid-Rich Extract from Maydis stigma

This study aimed to assess the acute toxicity and safety of flavonoid-rich extract from Maydis stigma (FMS) in mice. The in vitro antioxidant activity of FMS was determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethyl-benzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS) scavenging assays. Furthermore, the in vivo antioxidant of FMS against ethanol-induced oxidative damage in mice was determined by analysis of the serum total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, liver tissue glutathione (GSH) content, and protein carbonyl (PC) content in liver tissue. The oral administration of FMS at doses of 30 g/kg did not cause death in mice, and there were no significant biologically adverse effects in mice. These results indicated that the median lethal dose (LD50) is higher than this dose. The IC50 values of FMS for the DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity were 50.73 and 0.23 mg/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, FMS could significantly enhance T-SOD activity, reduce MDA content in the serum, increase GSH content, and decrease PC content in the liver tissue at the tested doses (25, 50, 100, 200 mg/kg·day). These results indicate that FMS can be generally regarded as safe and used potentially as a bioactive source of natural antioxidants.