Stigma Maydis Research Articles

Computational Screening of HPLC-Identified Phytochemicals from Corn Silk (Stigma Maydis) as Protein Tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) Inhibitors for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of the escalating global burden of disease, diabetes, due to its critical role in insulin signaling regulation. Natural products, like those derived from a traditional plant like Corn silk, offer a valuable source of innovative antidiabetic compounds, but their bioactive constituents and molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aimed at identifying the standard constituents of Corn silk using a High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) approach and investigates the binding energy of potential ligands against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) target protein using a computational approach in analogy to the standard drug of diabetes. Based on molecular docking, induced-fit docking, calculation of free binding energy, and ADMET screening. 15 compounds were identified, with which most of the ligands displayed significant inhibitory activity with docking scores, ranging from -4.037 to -8.497 kcal/mol when compared with the control drug, metformin, and glyburide, with -4.624 and -0.976 kcal/mol respectively. The five top-scoring compounds showed good hydrophobic communications and hydrogen bonding associations to hinder PTP1B. The ADMET profiles of most of the compounds fell within desirable ranges, and subsequent MM-GBSA post-docking analysis validated the binding stability of selected compounds to the PTP1B protein structure. This study showed that compounds from Corn silk like Maysin, Orientin, Quercetin, Caffeic acid, and Ferulic acid are worth further investigation as promising PTP1B inhibitors as an antidiabetic agent.

Nutritional profiling and antioxidant potential of corn silk (Maydis stigma) powder for the development of corn silk tea

AbstractThe study aimed to analyse the nutritional and antioxidant potential of corn silk based formulated tea. Four corn silk tea formulations were developed, one with corn silk only and three using different flavouring herbal/spicing agents, namely lemongrass, green cardamom, and cinnamon. Microwave dried corn silk powder and corn silk tea infusions were analysed for chemical composition. Organoleptic evaluation was also done for tea infusions. The results of chemical evaluation showed that corn silk powder is rich in protein (20.78%), dietary fibre (48.93%), calcium (139.5 mg/100 g), magnesium (163.9 mg/100 g), potassium (1,406 mg/100 g), total phenols (1,365 mg GAE/100 g), and flavonoids (370.8 mg QE/100 g). The antioxidant activity of corn silk powder was observed as 84.95% DPPH inhibition. Maysin content of corn silk powder was 3.65 mg/100 g. Chemical analysis of corn silk tea infusions showed that the addition of flavours significantly enhanced the minerals, total phenols, and flavonoids contents and the antioxidant activity as compared to the tea formulated with only corn silk powder. Results of organoleptic evaluation showed that all four corn silk tea formulations were highly acceptable. Overall improvement in nutritional and antioxidant contents was found in corn silk tea with added flavours.

Tailoring Li-ion transport in hybrid biopolymer electrolyte from Maydis stigma for supercapattery applications

Corn Silk Biopolymer (CSBP), a potent biomaterial shed light on offering a sustainable solution to agrowaste and achieve waste valorization. Hybrid Biopolymer Electrolyte (HBPE) was synthesized using corn silk extract by simple solution casting strategy. Freshly synthesized [30wt % CSBP+70 wt % PVDF-Co-HFP] system exemplifies conductivity of 2.35 × 10−8 Scm−1 and while loading 3.2 v/v % LiClO4 salt, the conductivity increased to 4.05 × 10−4 Scm−1 at 25 °C. Structural studies indicate complex formation between the Li+ and polar groups within polymer-salt system. From FTIR studies, prominent peaks noticed at 1651 and 1628 cm−1 are due to the interaction of –C=O group with Li+ and 625 cm−1 for unbound ClO4−.Our best conducting system reveal Li+ ions (tion = 0.98) are the major charge carriers. Electrochemical behaviour from CV demonstrates a good reversibility with a specific capacity (Qs = 25.6 Cg-1) and specific capacitance (Csp = 10.67 Fg-1) at a scan rate of 1 mV s−1. Also, the relation between the peak current with different scan rates for CPL 2 system is estimated from the slope as b = 0.7 suggesting the extraordinary behavior of a hybrid battery and super capacitor offering a unique platform for the sustainable energy storage technology.

Supplementation with stigma maydis polysaccharide attenuates autism-like behaviors and improves gut function in valproic acid-induced autism model male rats.

Stigma maydis polysaccharide (SMPS) has regulatory effect on the intestinal microflora and promotes gastrointestinal peristalsis. Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often experience gastrointestinal problems and dysbiosis in their gut microbiota. Our previous study revealed that SMPS interventions had an impact on the gut microbiota of valproic acid (VPA)-induced autism model rats. However, the effects of SMPS on the behavior and gut function of autism model rats remain poorly understood. Therefore, we gave different doses of SMPS intervention in the early stage of autism model rats to observe their developmental conditions and behavior performances. Through histological evaluation and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), integrity of the intestinal structure and the expression of tight junction-related gene Zo-1 and Occludin were detected. The results indicated that SMPS intervention improved the physical development, learning and memory impairment, and social performance of autism model rats. Meanwhile, SMPS promoted intestinal peristalsis and restored the integrity of the intestinal structure, reduced the number of inflammatory cells, and increased the expression of the Zo-1 and Occludin genes. Furthermore, the expression levels of neurotransmitters (substance P, enkephalin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and 5-hydroxytryptamine) in the hippocampal tissues were altered after SMPS treatment. In conclusion, SMPS could ameliorate ASD-like phenotypes and gut problems in autism model rats. Collectively, these results provide new evidence for the relationship between the gut-brain axis and ASD and suggest a novel therapeutic target for ASD treatment.

A review of phytochemicals isolated from corn silk and their medicinal applications

Corn silk (Stigma maydis) is an important herb employed in traditional medicine in many parts of the world, such as Nigeria, China, Turkey, France, United States to mention a few. It has been used as diuretic, antilithiasic, uricosuric, antiseptic in the treatment of cystitis, gout, nephritis, tumor, hepatitis, edema, kidney stones, diabetic, inflammation reduction, prostate disorder/problems/prostatitis, urinary tract infections, bedwetting, obesity, malaria, heart problems, soothes and relaxes the lining of the bladder and urinary tubules, reduces irritation and increasing urine secretion, exerts anti-fatigue activity, exhibits anti-depressant activity and kaliuretic, excellent antioxidant capacity, demonstrates protective effects in radiation and nephrotoxicity, lowers high blood pressure (by reducing fluid retention in the body and also by eliminating toxins which could relieve symptoms of gout, edema and arthritis), promotes relaxation, cures hypercholesterolemia and urinary infections associated diseases, effective for weight loss amongst other. The potential use of corn silk is very much connected to its properties and mode of action of its bioactive phytoconstituents. Hence, this review covers the traditional uses, twenty – five isolated bioactive phytochemicals, their bioactivity and medical/healthcare applications.

A comparison of chemical composition, bioactive components and hypoglycemic activity of Stigma maydis obtained from different growing times

A comparison of chemical composition, bioactive components and hypoglycemic activity of <i>Stigma maydis</i> obtained from different growing times

Phytochemical constituents from corn silk and antimicrobial activity of the isolates

Corn silk (Stigma maydis) is one of the traditional medicines for treating many microbial infections. However, there is little literature on the bioactive compounds responsible for these activities. This study was designed to investigate the phytochemical constituents present in corn silk and to screen the isolated compounds for antimicrobial activity. The pulverized plant sample of 1.14 kg was extracted with 3.6 L of methanol by cold maceration for 3 days. The extract was screened for phytochemicals, followed by isolation of constituent phytochemicals, characterization, and identification of isolated compounds. The isolates were screened for antibacterial and antifungal activities. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarins, tannins, reducing sugars, saponins, terpenoids, sterols, and cardiac glycosides. Further phytochemical investigation of the chloroformic subfraction of the methanolic extract of the silk led to the isolation of behenic acid and stigmasterol after running column chromatography as well as other chromatographic methods. The identity of the isolated compounds was established based on extensive spectroscopic analyses of their IR, 1D, 2D NMR data and comparing the data to the reported literature. Stigmasterol was active against Staphylococcus aureus and the fungal strain Candida albicans at 25 µg/mL while the mean minimum inhibitory concentration of behenic acid against Staphylococcus aureus was 100 µg/mL, Tinea corporis and Klebsiella pneumoniae were susceptible at 25 µg/mL. The study showed that plant secondary metabolites might be responsible for the reported biological activities of corn silk. It is the first report of behenic acid isolated from corn silk.

Stigma maydis: a concise overview on corn silk as potential therapeutic agent

Corn silk has long been viewed as a waste item, but it has recently gained popularity in Asian and African countries owing to its numerous health-promoting properties. Many maize silk-derived extracts and bioactive components, for example, have been shown to have antidiabetic, antihyperlipidaemic, anticancer, antihepatotoxicity, antinephrotoxicity, and antimicrobial properties. Furthermore, numerous studies have shown that corn silk contains a variety of bioactive substances such as proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, fixed and volatile oils, steroids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds, which may be responsible for the potential health benefits. The antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiproliferative actions of ethanol extracts of maize silk have been found to be effective due to the presence of numerous bioactive components. Maysin derived from maize silk extract contains luteolin, a physiologically active chemical with antioxidant and anticancer properties. This review will primarily examine various experimental reports of in vitro and in vivo studies to highlight the potential health benefits of corn silk against various diseases.

Nutritional intervention with acidic Stigma Maydis polysaccharide (ASMP-1) in membranous nephropathy: Targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway

Membranous nephropathy (MN) is a glomerulonephritis characterized by C5b-9-mediated podocyte injury. Stigma Maydis is a medicinal, polysaccharide-based product derived from corn silks, traditionally used by traditional Chinese medicine physicians to treat chronic kidney disease. However, the mechanism through which Stigma Maydis polysaccharides (SMP) alleviates MN remains unclear. This study aimed to verify the potential protective effects of refined acidic SMP (ASMP-1) in vitro and in vivo. An ASMP-1 was successfully isolated by DEAE Sepharose anion exchange and Sephadex G-100 gel permeation chromatography. Our results showed that ASMP-1 suppressed oxidative stress, promoted autophagy, and repressed apoptosis. This mechanism is believed to be associated with the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Consequently, owing to its enhanced autophagic activity and resources, ASMP-1 has potential as a functional food or nutritional supplement for kidney health preservation.

Optimizing extraction conditions and isolation of bound phenolic compounds from corn silk (Stigma maydis) and their antioxidant effects.

During the processing of maize, Stigma maydis, also known as corn silk, is normally discarded as waste. Phytochemical research was carried out on the S. maydis to use it as a valuable source of bioactive components. This research aimed to maximize the recovery of free and bound phenolic compounds from corn silk under optimal experimental conditions. Response surface design was operated to optimize the alkaline hydrolysis extraction of bound phytochemicals from corn silk based on total phenolic content and DPPH radical scavenging activity. The optimum conditions (i.e., NaOH concentration 2M, digestion time 135min, digestion temperature of 37.5°C, the solid-to-solvent ratio of 1:17.5, and acetone) were obtained. The optimum parameters were used to extract the corn silk. The structures of two compounds isolated from ethyl acetate extracts were then identified as friedelin (1) and (E)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) but-3-en-2-one (2). The DPPH, H2 O2 , and ABTS % inhibition of the compounds is as follows: compound (1) 74.81%, 76.8%, 70.33% and compound (2) 70.37%, 56.70% and 57.46%, respectively. The current study has opened previously unexplored perspectives of the composition of bound compounds in corn silk and established the foundations for more effective processing and utilization of corn waste. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Bound phenolic compounds from corn silk under optimal experimental conditions were obtained. Corn silk can be utilized as a type of medicinal herb as well as a source of inexpensive natural antioxidants.

Efficacy of an Oral Solution Containing Five Herbal Extracts in the Treatment of Urolithiasis: A Randomized, Single-blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial.

The high prevalence of urolithiasis and its recurrence entail the preparation of an efficient drug with the least side effects. Tribulus terrestris, Urtica dioica, Adiantum capillus-veneris, Stigma maydis (corn silk), and Cucumis melo are herbal remedies utilized in traditional medicine for urolithiasis. This study aimed to assess the efficiency of these plants' extracts in treating urolithiasis. In a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, participants meeting inclusion criteria were randomly allocated to the drug (n = 27) and placebo (n = 27) groups to take herbal or placebo solutions, respectively, at a dose of 60 drops 3 times daily for 4 weeks with standard treatment. Before and after the intervention, 24-h urine volume and the quantities of calcium, sodium, citrate, oxalate, urea, creatinine, and uric acid in 24-h urine, and urinary pH were measured. The number and size (diameter in mm) of stones were determined by ultrasonography and recorded for each patient. Except for 24 h urine volume, other urinary parameters did not alter significantly at the end of the intervention compared to baseline. Furthermore, the two groups had no significant difference regarding these indices. Regarding stone parameters, the stone size decreased significantly in the drug group compared to the placebo group (P = 0.049). The number of cases with complete stone expulsion in the drug group was significantly higher than in the placebo group (12 cases vs. 4 cases, respectively, P = 0.017). Oral consumption of the herbal solution causes stone size reduction and stone expulsion in patients with urolithiasis.

Stigma maydis polysaccharides protect podocyte injury by reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis

Membranous nephropathy (MN) is a glomerulonephritis that has an C5b-9-mediated podocyte injury as its main feature. Stigma maydis polysaccharides (SMP) demonstrate a protective role against podocyte injury in vivo. However, their in vitro effects remain unknown. The aim of the present study was to verify the potential protective effect of acidic SMP (ASMP) and neutral SMP (NSMP) on podocytes in vitro. Morphological changes and cell migration were examined by inverted microscope, changes in reactive oxygen species level and apoptosis were detected by fluorescence microscope, while the cell cycle arrest were measured by flow cytometry. The expression of the phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K), and Akt protein were detected by Western blot technique. This study showed that oxidative stress, migration, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis were all significantly suppressed following pretreatment with either of the SMP, however ASMP showed greater effects overall. In conclusion, ASMP could potentially be developed as a functional food to protect podocytes from sC5b-9-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis injury.

An Attention-Grabbing Review on Stigma Maydis (Corn Silk)

Herbs are one of humanity’s oldest known therapeutic needs for long-term health, and they serve as the foundation for modern medicine. There is currently a thirst and demand for healthy diets with added value all around the world. One such important herb that can be found in many different locations is corn silk. The Chinese and Native Americans have used the herb corn silk (Stigma maydis) for generations to treat a wide range of conditions. Many countries around the world, including Turkey, the United States, and France, use it as traditional medicine. Its potential application is highly dependent on the characteristics and mechanisms of action of the plant’s bioactive ingredients, such as flavonoids, terpenoids, and other phytochemicals. Pharmacological investigations have shown that this traditional plant has medicinal qualities such as anti-oxidant, anti-depressant, anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective toxicity and many more.

Utilization of the By-Product of Corn: Guided Identification of Bioactive Terpenoids from Stigma Maydis (Corn Silk).

Stigma maydis (corn silk) (S. maydis) is a food-based by-product of maize and possesses great nutritional and pharmaceutical value. This study aimed to explore bioactive components from S. maydis. By the guidance of bioactivity-guided approach and Global Natural Products Social (GNPS) molecular networking, 12 terpenoids were discovered from S. maydis. The structures of 11 undescribed compounds (1-11) were determined by detailed spectroscopic analyses, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, specific rotation calculations, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations, and NMR calculations. The neuroprotective and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory effects of 1-12 were examined, and most of them showed significant or moderate activities. The underlying neuroprotective mechanism of 4 and 5 was revealed by Hoechst 33258, AO-EB, and JC-1 staining assays. This work illustrated the potential of S. maydis as a prospective natural source of bioactive compounds in food and pharmaceutical industries.

A nutraceutical approach towards corn silk

Corn silk is an herb plant used as traditional medicine throughout the world to treat many diseases. The scientific name of corn silk is Stigma Maydis. Corn silk consists, of carbohydrates, vitamins, and proteins some calcium, Na salts, K, and Magnesium. Corn silk contains volatile oils, certain steroids such as stigmasterol and sitosterol, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, and flavonoids. Organic acids found in corn silk include formic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid, succinic acid, and lactic acid. For decades, corn silk has been used as a diuretic, Antilithiatic, and uricosuric, as well as to treat cystitis, gout, and kidney stone and as an oral antidiabetic medication. The antioxidant potential of the corn silk and its healthcare applications as agents of diuretics, for the reduction of hyperglycemia, as an anti-fatigue, and as an anti-depressant, use have been claimed in many studies. Teas and supplements of corn silk are used to treat urinary-related problems. The present reviews will provide the complete health potential of corn silk.

Dietary Corn Silk (Stigma maydis) Extract Supplementation Modulate Production Performance, Immune Response and Redox Balance in Corticosterone-Induced Oxidative Stress Broilers.

Immunosuppression is a serious consequence of oxidative stress exposure that negatively affects the productivity and profitability of birds, as well as their well-being. Thus, the present investigation was designed to evaluate the potential of corn silk extract (CSE) supplementation to overcome the negative impacts of oxidative stress induced by corticosterone administration (CORT) in broiler chickens. A total of 280 one day old Cobb 500 male chicks were divided into four groups in 2 × 2 factorial arrangements. The experimental groups included CSE supplementation (0 or 500 mg/kg diet, from 20 to 35 days of age) and CORT administration (0 or 25 mg/kg diet, from 22 to 35 days of age) as independent factors. At the end of week five of age, production performance parameters were measured. The humoral and cell-mediated immune response parameters, redox status, and stress markers were determined. Data revealed deleterious effects of CORT administration on the broilers' body weight, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio. Moreover, an exponential increase in stress marker levels, in addition to immunosuppression and redox imbalance, were associated with CORT administration. However, CSE supplementation, with its high total phenols content, partially alleviated the negative impacts of CORT administration, as shown by a significant improvement in immune response parameters and antioxidant activity, as well as a reduction in stress marker levels. Furthermore, CSE supplementation to non-stressed birds even significantly improved total antioxidant activity, total white blood cells (TWBCs) count, T-lymphocyte stimulating index, and wattle thickness. It can be concluded that, under stress conditions in commercial broiler farms, dietary CSE supplementation can strongly be recommended to modulate the negative impacts of stress. Therefore, CSE can be used as an effective immunomodulator and antioxidant agent to increase commercial broiler farm productivity and profitability.

Novel Therapeutics for Treating Sleep Disorders: New Perspectives on Maydis stigma

Sleep is a restorative period that plays a crucial role in the physiological functioning of the body, including that of the immune system, memory processing, and cognition. Sleep disturbances can be caused by various physical, mental, and social problems. Recently, there has been growing interest in sleep. Maydis stigma (MS, corn silk) is a female maize flower that is traditionally used as a medicinal plant to treat many diseases, including hypertension, edema, and diabetes. It is also used as a functional food in tea and other supplements. β-Sitosterol (BS) is a phytosterol and a natural micronutrient in higher plants, and it has a similar structure to cholesterol. It is a major component of MS and has anti-inflammatory, antidepressive, and sedative effects. However, the potential effects of MS on sleep regulation remain unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of MS on sleep in mice. The effects of MS on sleep induction were determined using pentobarbital-induced sleep and caffeine-induced sleep disruption mouse models. MS extracts decreased sleep latency and increased sleep duration in both the pentobarbital-induced sleep induction and caffeine-induced sleep disruption models compared to the positive control, valerian root extract. The butanol fraction of MS extracts decreased sleep latency time and increased sleep duration. In addition, β-sitosterol enhances sleep latency and sleep duration. Both MS extract and β-sitosterol increased alpha activity in the EEG analysis. We measured the mRNA expression of melatonin receptors 1 and 2 (MT1/2) using qRT-PCR. The mRNA expression of melatonin receptors 1 and 2 was increased by MS extract and β-sitosterol treatment in rat primary cultured neurons and the brain. In addition, MS extract increased the expression of clock genes including per1/2, cry1/2, and Bmal1 in the brain. MS extract and β-sitosterol increased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and αCaMKII. Our results demonstrate for the first time that MS has a sleep-promoting effect via melatonin receptor expression, which may provide new scientific evidence for its use as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment and prevention of sleep disturbance.

Effect of stigma maydis polysaccharide on the gut microbiota and transcriptome of VPA induced autism model rats.

Stigma maydis polysaccharide (SMPS) is a plant polysaccharide that participates in immune regulation and gastrointestinal motility. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) refers to a group of neurodevelopmental disorders, and ASD patients often present intestinal microflora imbalance problems; however, there is no effective treatment method. This study explores the effect of SMPS intervention on the gut microbiota in autism model rats as well as the potential action pathways. Female Wistar rats were intraperitoneally injected with sodium valproic acid (VPA) or normal saline at embryonic day 12.5 to establish an autism model or normal control in their offspring. The offspring prenatally exposed to VPA were randomly assigned to the VPA and the SMPS groups. The SMPS group was administered SMPS from E0.5 to postnatal day (PND) 21. We performed 16S rRNA and transcriptomics analyses to reveal the gut microbiota (GM) and differentially expressed genes in the autism model rats in response to SMPS intervention. SMPS intervention significantly improved the diversity and structure of the GM in autism model rats compared with the VPA rats. Moreover, the relative abundance of Prevotellaceae and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group was increased after SMPS intervention. Transcriptome sequencing showed that 496 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified after SMPS administration compared with the VPA group. Meanwhile, gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of DEGs was showed that the SMPS group had significant 653 GO terms. SMPS intervention had a major influence on oxidative phosphorylation, retrograde endocannabinoid signaling, thermogenesis, ribosome, protein digestion and absorption, renin-angiotensin system, calcium signaling pathway, glycosphingolipid biosynthesis-ganglio series, and propanoate metabolism pathways. Overall, this study suggests that SMPS interventions in early life may have an impact on gut microbiota, and then affect the transcriptomics levels of the hippocampal tissue in the VPA-induced autism model rats. It provides scientific evidence for the role of the microbe-gut-brain axis in ASD research.

Effects of different drying methods on phenolic composition and antioxidant activity in corn silk (Stigma maydis)

Five types of drying methods were demonstrated to dry corn silks and their effects on the constitution of phenolic and antioxidant capacities were analyzed, so as to identify the best method to preserve the quality factors of corn silk including phenolic, flavonoid, and antioxidant activity. According to the results, drying can improve the level of phenolic and flavonoid in corn silk by 2.5–3.2 folds and 1.6–3.6 folds, respectively. Drying in shade (MCS-shade) had the highest content of total phenolics and flavonoids. Eight kinds of phenolic were detected by HPLC and ferulic acid was the main component. MCS-shade also showed the highest PSC value and CAA value (no wash). Overall, MCS-shade (silks treated by shade-drying) showed the best performance and the quality of dry corn silks affected greatly by different drying methods. Novelty Impact Statement This paper showed that drying methods can greatly improve the levels of phenolic and flavonoid. Shade-drying had the best results with higher phenolic and antioxidant activity. Light may cause stress signals and increase the contents of bound flavonoid.

Physical properties and hypoglycaemic activity of biscuits as affected by the addition of stigma maydis extract

SummaryThe study aimed to evaluate the potential ingredient of stigma maydis (S.M.) as a hypoglycaemic functional food. In the present study, waxy corn flour and corn‐resistant starch were used to make biscuits; the influence of S.M. extracts (aqueous extract, SMA; ethanol extract, SME; mixed solvent extract, SMM) on the physical features and in vitro digestibility of biscuit were surveyed. In the meantime, the α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase inhibition of different S.M. extracts were analysed. Compared with the control dough, 5% ethanol S.M. extract (SME2) dough was observed to have the lowest storage modulus (G'), loss modulus (G"), hardness, water absorption capacity (P &lt; 0.05), while creep strain was the highest (P &lt; 0.05). Adding S.M. extracts could significantly reduce the L*, b* value and increase the a* value of biscuits. Besides, the S.M. extracts could decrease the glycaemic index (G.I.) of biscuits and reduce postprandial blood glucose levels. The GI of SMA1, SMA2, SME1, SME2, SMM1 and SMM2 was decreased to 62.47, 55.17, 51.46, 44.89, 53.05 and 50.11 respectively. Further, the addition of S.M. extract could show a certain inhibitory rate of α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase when added to biscuits. The inhibition ratio of 5% extract (SMA2, SME2 and SMM2) biscuit was higher than that of 1% extract (SMA1, SME1 and SMM1) biscuit (P &lt; 0.05). As a natural functional component, S.M. extract could be a potential food supplement for type II diabetic mellitus.