Stephanolepis Cirrhifer Research Articles

Redescription of two known species of Taeniacanthidae (Copepoda, Cyclopoida) parasitic on Japanese filefishes (Actinopterygii)

Abstract Cirracanthus monacanthi (Yamaguti, 1939) and Taeniacanthus balistae (Claus, 1864) are redescribed based on specimens recovered from Stephanolepis cirrhifer (Temminck & Schlegel, 1850) and Aluterus monoceros (Linnaeus, 1758) (Tetraodontiformes, Monacanthidae), respectively, in Japan. The description of the copepodid V female of T. balistae is the first time for the species.

Changes in Growth and Feeding Characteristics during Early Ontogenesis in Threadsail Filefish, Stephanolepis cirrhifer.

We investigated the growth and feeding characteristics of threadsail filefish, Stephanolepis cirrhifer, during early ontogenesis. The growth indices of hatchlings fed compound feed were measured from 0 to 50 days post hatching (dph). The absorption time of the yolk sac and oil globule, as well as the rate of first feeding were measured to characterise the early growth stage and determine the point-of-no-return (PNR). Feeding characteristics and rhythms were investigated under a light/dark cycle and under continuous light. Growth indices increased significantly at 24, 28, 30, 40, 45, and 50 dph. The yolk sac and oil globules were completely absorbed before 4 dph, indicative of a short mixed-nutrition period at 3-4 dph. Under starvation conditions, the first feeding rate was highest (86%) at 0.5 dph and then decreased to 53.3% at 1.5 dph and 26.2% at 2 dph, suggesting that the PNR occurs at 1.5-2 dph. The feeding peak appeared at 15:00-18:00 and under light conditions, while the feeding trough appeared at 0:00-3:00. Compound feed supplied adequate nutrition for early growth and development. The peaks and troughs of feeding times were indicative of daytime feeding behaviour. These results provide guidance for successful rearing of filefish seedlings and juveniles.

Spatial Patterns of Larval and Juvenile Fish Assemblages in an Eddy Area in the Western South China Sea

The objective of this study was to investigate influence of meso-scale eddies in the western South China Sea on species composition and spatial patterns of fish larvae and juveniles based on the data collected during summer and autumn in 2012. Nintyeight species belonging to 38 families were collected, including 78 species in summer and 41 species in autumn. The dominant species in summer were Vinciguerria sp. (39.70%), Stephanolepis cirrhifer (11.21%), Caranx sp. (5.45%) and Benthosema pterotum (1.97%). The dominant species in autumn were Gobiidae sp. (15.32%), Ceratoscopelus townsendi (7.26%), Diaphus sp. (6.45%), Astronesthes sp. (5.65%) and Callionymidae sp. (4.03%). Abundance of fish larvae and juveniles in summer was higher than that found in autumn. Similarity cluster analysis results indicated that larval fish assemblages in summer can be divided into two communities: (1) larval fish in the cyclonic eddy; (2) larval fish in the anticyclonic eddies. While in autumn, the larval fish assemblages can be divided into three communities: (1) larval fish without influence of the cyclonic eddy; (2) larval fish influenced slightly by the cyclonic eddy; (3) larval fish gathered near the center of the cyclonic eddy. The variations of abundance and assemblage of larval fish might be attributed to sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface salinity (SSS) and sea level anomaly (SLA).

유통중인 주요 건어포류의 미생물학적 조사

This study assessed the quantitative contamination levels of total viable bacteria, fungi (yeast and mold), coliforms and Escherichia coli in Todarodes pacificus (squid), Stephanolepis cirrhifer (file fish) and Lophiomus setigerus (black mouth angler) as major dried fishery food products which were favored by consumers in Korea. Total viable bacteria in dried squid, dried file fish and dried black mouth angler were detected as 1.0~3.5, 2.0~5.1, and 3.2~5.9 log <SUB>10</SUB> CFU/g, respectively. Fungi in dried squid, dried file fish and dried black mouth angler were also detected as 2.0~3.8, 2.3~4.9, and 1.8~6.4 log <SUB>10</SUB> CFU/g, respectively. Coliforms were not detected in dried squid and dried black mouth angler, whereas the positive rate of coliforms in dried file fish was 60% with 1.5~2.3 log <SUB>10</SUB> CFU/g. E. coli was not detected in all samples (ND: < 1 log <SUB>10</SUB> CFU/g). The data on microbial contamination levels may be utilized for quantitative microbial assessment of dried fishery food products for controlling the level of microbial contamination and securing microbiological safety.

Analysis of Organoarsenic Compounds Concentration in Fish with the Newly Developed LC-MS/MS Method

Most fish contain some kinds of organoarsenic compounds. To assess the health risk for the chronic effects due to intake of these compounds, it is necessary to quantify the concentration of each chemical form, since the toxicity is difference depending on the form. We developed and validated the LC-MS/MS method to determine the concentration of monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), trimethylarsine oxide (TMAO), tetramethylarsonium (TeMA), arsenobetaine (AB), and arsenocholine (AC) in fish. Using this method, we quantified the concentration of each organoarsenic compounds and total arsenic in 50 fish samples from across 10 groups. Total arsenic concentration ranged from 0.53 to 25 mg/kg in all samples, except for in thread-sail filefish where the concentration ranged from 8.3 to 25 mg/kg. With the exception of sardines, in all samples AB was found at the highest level in relation to the total arsenic concentration. In sardines, the concentration of DMA was higher than that of AB, accounting for 16 to 24% of total arsenic. In red sea bream, concentrations of total arsenic, AB, and AC in farm-raised fish were lower than those in wild-caught fish.

The teeth and dentition of the filefish (Stephanolepis cirrhifer) revisited tomographically.

The upper and lower tooth-bearing jaws of the filefish (Stephanolepis cirrhifer) were scanned using a micro-CT system in order to address the existing gaps between the traditional pictures of the morphology and histology. 2D tomograms, reconstructed 3D models and virtual dissection were employed to examine and evaluate the in situ geometry of tooth implantation and the mode of tooth attachment both separately and collectively. No distinct sockets comparable to those in mammals were evident, but shallow depressions were observed in the premaxillary and the dentary. The opening of the tooth pulp cavity was not simply oriented towards the apparent tooth base in a direction opposite to the tooth apex. The opening was distorted basoposteriorly or basoanteriorly depending on the position of the tooth, and the edge of the pulp cavity opening was barely ankylosed; i.e. the sites of pleurodont ankylosis along the basoposterior or basoanterior edge of the opening appeared to closely match the contour of the shallow depression in the bone. These 3D findings appear to be very informative when considering the phylogeny of tooth attachment, suggesting that micro-CT would be a useful modality concurrent with or in advance of histological investigations.

Effectiveness of toasted laver chips discard as feed for Stephanolepis cirrhifer

Effectiveness of toasted laver chips discard as feed for <i>Stephanolepis cirrhifer</i>

Length-weight relationships and condition factors of four dominant fish caught by coral bubu trap on the west coast of Batam Island, Indonesia

One of the important components in aquatic ecosystems is fish diversity, which is a key factor in determining its functionality. The coral reef fish is one of the aquatic biotas susceptible to pollutants. Besides being able to influence the composition of fish diversity, it also has an impact on its biological factors, such as its length-weight and conditions. This study aims to examine the relationship of length-weight and condition factors of four dominant fishes caught, which are ecologically and economically important, namely Lates calcarifer, Parachaetodon ocellatus, Stephanolepis cirrhifer, and Chelmon rostractus.These fish species were dominantly caught using bubu trap. The results of the length-weight relationship were b3 of all species, with an exponent value of 2.247 for the L. calcarifer; 1.932 for P. ocellatus; 2.74 for S. cirrhifer and 2.84 for C. rostractus. Fulton’s (K) condition factor for L. carifer ranged from 15.55-21.06 (average: 17.95), for P.ocellatus ranging from 27.30-35.59 (average: 30.38), for S. cirrhifer ranged from 17.58-27.23 (average: 21.29), and for C. rostractus ranging from 21.86-30.95 (average: 24.24). While the relative weight (Wr) condition factor average value of L. calcarifer is 102.53, P. ocellatus is 100.88, S. cirrhifer is 101.72, and C. rostractus is 101.11. It is concluded that the fish had an allometrict growth pattern, and condition factor values indicate good aquatic environmental conditions and a balance between prey and predatorKeywords: Length-Weight; Growth Pattern; Condition Factors

Genetic diversity of Megalocytivirus from cultured fish in Korea

Since the first outbreak of Megalocytivirus infection in cultured marine fish in the 1990s, the Red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) subtype II and Turbot reddish body iridovirus (TRBIV) type Megalocytivirus have been prevalent in Korea. Based on the major capsid protein (MCP) genes, the RSIV subtype II, as the predominant genotype, was identified in marine and freshwater fish including thread-sail filefish (Stephanolepis cirrhifer), so-iuy mullet (Planiliza haematocheila), starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus), and golden mandarin fish (Siniperca scherzeri). Recently, a new genetic variant of RSIV type (subtype I and II), SB5-TY originating from sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicas), was identified by their sequence identity with the four ankyrin repeat domains of RSIV (401R, 424R, 534L, and 641L). This result corroborate the evidence that increased genotypic variation in RSIV-type megalocytiviruses has been detected.

Complete Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium stephanolepidis.

ABSTRACTMycobacterium stephanolepidis is a rapid-growing nonpigmented species isolated from marine teleost fish (Stephanolepis cirrhifer) and is closely related to Mycobacterium chelonae. Here, we report the complete sequence of its genome, comprising a 4.9-Mb chromosome. The sequence represents essential data for future phylogenetic and comparative genome studies of this fish pathogen.

Mycobacterium stephanolepidis sp. nov., a rapidly growing species related to Mycobacterium chelonae, isolated from marine teleost fish, Stephanolepis cirrhifer.

A previously undescribed rapidly growing, non-pigmented mycobacterium was identified based on biochemical and nucleic acid analyses, as well as growth characteristics. Seven isolates were cultured from samples collected from five thread-sail filefish (Stephanolepis cirrhifer) and two farmed black scraper (Thamnaconus modestus). Bacterial growth occurred at 15-35 °C on Middlebrook 7H11 agar. The bacteria were positive for catalase activity at 68 °C and urease activity, intermediate for iron uptake, and negative for Tween 80 hydrolysis, nitrate reduction, semi-quantitative catalase activity and arylsulfatase activity at day 3. No growth was observed on Middlebrook 7H11 agar supplemented with picric acid, and very little growth was observed in the presence of 5 % NaCl. α- and α'-mycolates were identified in the cell walls, and a unique profile of the fatty acid methyl esters and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) profiles of the protein and cell-wall lipids were acquired. Sequence analysis revealed that the seven isolates shared identical sequences for the 16S rRNA, rpoB, hsp65, recA and sodA genes. Phylogenetic analysis of the five gene sequences confirmed that the isolates were unique, but closely related to Mycobacterium chelonae. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of clarithromycin against this novel species was <0.25 µg ml-1, which was lower than that for Mycobacterium salmoniphilum. The hsp65 PCR restriction enzyme analysis pattern differed from those of M. chelonae and M. salmoniphilum. Based on these findings, the name Mycobacterium stephanolepidis sp. nov. is proposed for this novel species, with the type strain being NJB0901T (=JCM 31611T=KCTC 39843T).

Optimum Dietary Protein and Lipid Levels in Juvenile Filefish, Stephanolepis cirrhifer, Feed

AbstractA feeding trial was designed to assess the effects of dietary protein and lipid content on growth, feed utilization efficiency, body composition, and hematological indices of juvenile filefish, Stephanolepis cirrhifer. Eight experimental diets were formulated with a combination of four protein (35, 40, 45, and 50%) and two dietary lipid levels (7 and 14%). Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of fish (3.2 ± 0.06 g) to apparent satiation for 8 wk. Fish growth performance and feed utilization were significantly affected by increasing dietary protein and lipid levels, with no significant interactions between factors. The highest growth performance value, in terms of weight gain, was observed in groups fed the diets with 50% protein (399%). However, fish fed the diet containing 45% protein had comparable growth (357%) while achieving relatively higher protein efficiency ratio. Hepatosomatic index was significantly affected by interaction of dietary lipid and protein with the highest values observed in those fish fed the highest protein (45–50%) and lipid (14%) diets. There was a significant increase in body lipid content (5.1 to 6.6%) and a decrease in body protein (15.8 to 14.8%) and ash (2.47 to 2.16%) with increasing dietary lipid levels from 7 to 14%. Muscle lipid content was significantly affected by both dietary protein and lipid levels and tended to increase with increasing dietary protein and lipid levels, ranging from 0.13 to 1.20%. Liver lipid content (65.9 to 68.7%) was significantly increased with the increase in dietary lipid levels while liver moisture content (28.9 to 25.9%) showed a clear decreasing trend. Hematological values were also altered with the increase in either dietary protein or lipid levels. These findings may suggest that a diet containing 45% protein and 7% lipid, with a protein to energy ratio of 23.8 mg/kJ, could deliver sufficient nutrient and energy to support acceptable growth and feed utilization and avoid excessive fat deposition in juvenile filefish.

The route of administration, initiation of protective immunity, and clinical field trial of a commercial Streptococcus iniae vaccine for farmed thread-sail filefish

The route of administration, initiation of protective immunity, and clinical field trial of a commercial Streptococcus iniae vaccine for farmed thread-sail filefish

New host records of monacanthid fish for three Kudoa spp. (K. septempunctata, K. thyrsites, and K. shiomitsui) prevalent in the olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), with the description of K. parathyrsites n. sp. from a black scraper (Thamnaconus modestus).

Kudoa septempunctata (Myxosporean: Multivalvulida) is known as a cause of foodborne disease associated with consumption of raw flesh of the olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Knowledge of its life cycle, particularly alternate annelid hosts and reservoirs or susceptible fish hosts in natural waters, may facilitate disease control in aquaculture farms. Our recent survey of myxosporean infection in monacanthid fish in natural waters around Japan revealed infection with three kudoid species prevalent in the olive flounder, i.e., K. septempunctata, Kudoa thyrsites, and Kudoa shiomitsui. Of the 51 black scrapers (Thamnaconus modestus) examined, five fish were infected: two fish with K. septempunctata and three with K. thyrsites. One of the fish infected with K. septempunctata was also infected with a K. thyrsites-like species. One of the 17 threadsail filefish (Stephanolepis cirrhifer) and two of four unicorn leatherjackets (Aluterus monoceros) were parasitized with K. shiomitsui. Three modest filefish (Thamnaconus modestoides) had no kudoid infection. K. septempunctata from a black scraper fished in the Inland Sea of Japan off Yamaguchi had 6-8 (predominantly 7) shell valves/polar capsules, whereas K. septempunctata found in another black scraper from the Sea of Japan off Tottori had 5 or 6 (predominantly 6). However, the two isolates displayed identical 18S and 28S ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) nucleotide sequences, which were also identical to the isolates from the olive flounder. K. thyrsites from the Inland Sea of Japan off Yamaguchi and Sea of Japan off Tottori and K. shiomitsui from the Sea of Japan off Shimane and western Pacific Ocean off Kochi were also morphologically and genetically characterized. They were found to be coincident with the previous reports from olive flounders. Furthermore, the K. thyrsites-like species found in a black scraper from the Inland Sea of Japan off Yamaguchi was morphologically and genetically characterized; a new species, Kudoa parathyrsites n. sp., is erected for this species. The relationships of the new species with K. thyrsites and related species as well as those of K. shiomitsui with Kudoa pericardialis and related species parasitizing the pericardium are briefly discussed.

Ontogenetic changes in the predator–prey interactions between threadsail filefish and moon jellyfish

Although jellyfish are important predators of fish larvae, many fish species also feed on jellyfish. Therefore, the predator–prey role of jellyfish and fish may switch during the course of their life histories. Here, we investigated such interactions by examining (1) the avoidance behaviour of threadsail filefish Stephanolepis cirrhifer to moon jellyfish Aurelia sp. and (2) the feeding behaviour of filefish on moon jellyfish medusae and polyps. The efficiency of filefish as jellyfish predators was examined by comparing their behaviour with that of black scraper Thamnaconus modestus and red sea bream Pagrus major. Filefish and black scraper were able to avoid medusae and obtain tolerance against nematocysts at a smaller body size compared to red sea bream. Filefish initiated feeding on medusae when they became juveniles of 21.8 mm SL. Feeding trials of yearling filefish on polyps at different temperatures (range 10–30°C) indicated that the highest feeding rate was 3.1 individuals s−1 at 26.8°C. We suggest that the feeding pressure of filefish on jellyfish polyps may have an impact on medusa biomass.

Larvae of the threadsail filefish &lt;i&gt;Stephanolepis cirrhifer&lt;/i&gt; feed on eggs and planulae of the jellyfish &lt;i&gt;Aurelia&lt;/i&gt; sp. under laboratory conditions

Larvae of the threadsail filefish &lt;i&gt;Stephanolepis cirrhifer&lt;/i&gt; feed on eggs and planulae of the jellyfish &lt;i&gt;Aurelia&lt;/i&gt; sp. under laboratory conditions

부산 연근해 저서어류 체내의 미량금속 분포 특성과 잠재적 인체 위해성 평가

Trace metals concentrations in the tissue of edible marine fish (4 species), olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii), file fish (Stephanolepis cirrhifer) and abbysal searobin (Lepidotrigla abyssalis), collected near the Yongho wharf in Busan were determined to assess the potential human health risk (HRA) of trace metals by fish consumption. Levels of Li, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb in the fish tissue were 0.005 ± 0.009, 0.77 ± 0.30, 0.29 ± 0.34, 0.49 ± 0.14, 15.96 ± 2.52, 10.62 ± 4.67, 0.001 ± 0.002, and 0.045 ± 0.06 mg/kg dw respectively. The estimated daily intakes of Cu and Zn and the estimated weekly intakes of As, Cd, and Pb from the fish collected near the Yongho wharf were 0.0032, 0.054-0.18% of PMTDI (provisional maximum tolerable daily intake) and 13, 0.0041, 0.020% of PTWI (provisional tolerable weekly intake) which were set to evaluate the food safeties by the JFCFA (The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives). Lifetime cancer risk and target hazard for local residents due to those fish consumption were found to be negligible.

Parasitic copepods of marine fish cultured in Japan: a review

This paper reviews aspects of the biology of copepods infecting marine fish commercially cultured at fish farms or held as broodstock at governmental hatcheries in Japan. In total, 20 species of parasitic copepods have been reported from these fish: they are mostly caligids (12 spp.), followed by lernaeopodids (4 spp.), pennellid (1 sp.), chondracanthid (1 sp.), taeniacanthid (1 sp.), and unidentified species (1 sp.). The identified copepods are: Caligus fugu, C. lagocephalus, C. lalandei, C. latigenitalis, C. longipedis, C. macarovi, C. orientalis, C. sclerotinosus, C. spinosus, Lepeophtheirus longiventralis, L. paralichthydis, L. salmonis (Caligidae); Alella macrotrachelus, Clavella parva, Parabrachiella hugu, P. seriolae (Lernaeopodidae); Peniculus minuticaudae (Pennellidae); Acanthochondria priacanthi (Chondracanthidae); and Biacanthus pleuronichthydis (Taeniacanthidae). The fish recorded as hosts include carangids (4 spp.), sparids (2 spp.), monacanthids (2 spp.), salmonids (2 spp.), scombrid (1 sp.), tetraodontid (1 sp.), pleuronectid (1 sp.), paralichthyid (1 sp.), and trichodontid (1 sp.). Only five species (C. orientalis, L. longiventralis, L. salmonis, C. parva and A. priacanthi) parasitize farmed fish in subarctic waters, while all other species (15 spp.) infect farmed fish in temperate waters. No information is yet available on copepods from fish farmed in subtropical waters. Three species of Caligus (C. fugu, C. sclerotinosus and C. longipedis) are serious pests in aquaculture of Japanese pufferfish (Takifugu rubripes), red seabream (Pagrus major), and striped jaw (Pseudocaranx dentex), respectively. Due to its one-host life cycle that is unique among pennellids, P. minuticaudae is considered as a potentially serious pest with further development of aquaculture of its filefish hosts, threadsail filefish (Stephanolepis cirrhifer) and black scraper (Thamnaconus modestus). Infection of farmed salmonids by L. salmonis is not a serious problem in Japan.

Relationships between Temperature and Growth of Thread-sail Filefish Stephanolepis cirrhifer and Black Scraper Thamnaconus modestus

Relationships between Temperature and Growth of Thread-sail Filefish Stephanolepis cirrhifer and Black Scraper Thamnaconus modestus

전 생활사 단계의 보름달물해파리(Aurelia aurita s.l.)에 대한 쥐치(Stephanolepis cirrhifer)의 포식과 먹이 선호도 실험

전 생활사 단계의 보름달물해파리(Aurelia aurita s.l.)에 대한 쥐치(Stephanolepis cirrhifer)의 포식과 먹이 선호도 실험