Step Method Research Articles

A single step and rapid protein extraction protocol developed for cell lines and tissues: Compatible for gel based and gel free proteomic approaches

Proteins are crucial research molecules in modern biology. Almost every biological research area needs protein-based assays to answer the research questions. The study of the total protein content of a biological sample known as Proteomics, is one of the highly rated qualitative and quantitative approach to address numerous biological problems including clinical research. The key step to successfully generate high quality proteomics data is the efficient extraction of proteins from biological samples. Although different methods are in use for protein extraction from a wide variety of samples, however, because of their prolonged protocol and multiple steps involved, final protein yield is sacrificed. Here, we have shown the development of a simple single step method for extraction of proteins from mammalian cell lines as well as tissue samples in an effective and reproducible manner. This method is based on lysis of samples directly in a modified lysis buffer without CHAPS (7 M Urea, 2 M Thiourea, and 10 mM Tris-Cl; pH 8.5) that is compatible with gel based and gel free approaches. This developed protocol is reliable and should be useful for a wide range of proteomic studies involving various biological samples.

ИНКРЕМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ МЕТОДЫ РЕШЕНИЯ ГЕОМЕТРИЧЕСКИ НЕЛИНЕЙНЫХ ЗАДАЧ

In the sequence of displacement – deformation – stress, two types of nonlinear dependence are possible: geometric and physical. Physically related, mainly with the plastic properties of the material. Geometric nonlinearity is due to a wider range of reasons. Both nonlinearities create a nonlinear displacement-load relationship, which, in most cases, can be expressed by some integral function. In this case, the solution can be obtained by incremental (step) methods. Two incremental methods are considered: the tangential stiffness method and the calculation method using a deformed scheme. The methods are applied to three problems of geometric nonlinearity: 1) small deformations with large displacements, 2) displacements and deformations occur in different directions, 3) large deformations with small displacements. The studies considered both uniaxial stress-strain bars and bars modeled by volumetric elements. Conclusions are drawn about the universality and accuracy of the methods considered.

Procedural simulation in venipuncture for medical undergraduates and its transfer to the bedside: a cluster randomized study.

Simulation is accepted as an effective method of learning procedural skills. However, the translational outcomes of skills acquired through simulation still warrants investigation. We designed this study to assess if skills laboratory training in addition to bedside learning (intervention group [IG]) would provide better learning results than bedside learning alone (control group [CG]) in the context of venipuncture training. This prospective, cluster-randomized, single-blind study took place at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka. Seventeen clusters of second-year medical students were randomly assigned to either IG or CG. The IG trained on venipuncture in the skills laboratory, receiving instruction after modified Payton's Four Step Method. Following the training, students of both IG and CG underwent bedside learning for one month. Afterward, students of both groups performed venipuncture on actual patients in a clinical setting. An independent, blinded assessor scored students' performance using the Integrated Procedural Protocol Instrument (IPPI) and a checklist. Patients assessed students' performance with the Communication Assessment Tool (CAT). Eight and nine clusters were randomized to the intervention and control groups, respectively. IG completed significantly more single steps of the procedure correctly (IG: 19.36 ± 3.87 for checklist items; CG: 15.57 ± 4.95; p < 0.001). IG also scored significantly better on IPPI ratings (median: IG: 27 (12) vs. CG: 21 (8); p < 0.001). Rated by patients, students' communication skills did not significantly differ between the two groups. Simulation-based venipuncture training enabled students to perform the procedure on actual patients with a higher technical accuracy than students who learned venipuncture at the bedside. Students were able to transfer the skills acquired through venipuncture training at the skill laboratory to the bedside.

Tác động của chính sách tiền tệ đến hiệu quả hoạt động của các ngân hàng thương mại tại Việt Nam

This study was conducted to examine the impact of the State Bank’s monetary policy on the efficiency of Vietnamese commercial banks. Specifically, how do changes in refinancing interest rates and money supply affect the efficiency of commercial banks? The results of the study on a sample of 25 Vietnamese banks during the period 2009-2021 using the 2-step SGMM regression method show that the impact of refinancing interest rates and money supply on the bank efficiency is not consistent. While refinancing interest rates have a positive impact on bank efficiency measured by ROA and ROE, money supply only shows an impact on ROA. An increase in refinancing interest rates along with tightening money supply can bring advantages to banks in their operations and vice versa. Based on these research results, bank managers in Vietnam may prefer a high interest rate environment.

ZnO intercalated into graphene oxide based 2-D binary composite for improved thermal properties using as a potential nanofluid

Nanofluids have expanded a substantial approbation in the renewable and sustainable energy field. A small number of solid nanoparticles with higher thermal conductivity added into conventional fluid could develop a bigger improvement in heat transfer. The current study is focused on the preparation of metal oxide (ZnO) and Graphene oxide (GO) based composite nanofluids to achieve the higher thermal properties of composite as a potential nanofluid. The advanced hummer method and sonochemical techniques were used to synthesize ZnO, GO, and ZnO@GO composites. Further 2-step preparation methods were used to prepare ZnO@GO/DW based stable nanofluids at changing 0.1, 0.075, 0.05, and 0.025 wt% concentrations. All the materials were confirmed by different characterizations like XRD, RAMAN, FESEM, EDX, and UV–Vis analysis. At 0.1 wt% all the nanofluids showed a higher thermal conductivity, viscosity, and density which is 0.821 W/m.K, 2.85 kg.m−1s−1, and 1.0018 g/cm3. All the wt.% were tested for stability analysis using the sedimentation photograph method and found remarkable stability up to 5 weeks after the day of preparation without using any surfactant. Similarly, all the nanofluids were tested for hydrodynamic characteristics like friction coefficient (ff), pressure drop(ΔP), and pumping power (PP) where a notable value of friction was 0.057, a 12000 m. Pa pressure drop and 1.45 MPa pumping power were achieved at 0.1 wt% against the higher value of Reynold numbers (5849 to 24544). Finally, the greater development in average heat transfer/Nusselt numbers was achieved which is 3010/70 W/m2.K, 2490/42 W/m2.K, 2133/32 W/m2.K 2000/29 W/m2.K and 1000/W/m2.K for all wt.% and base fluid (DW) at a higher rate of Reynold Number. This all happened due to the use of ZnO and GO composite together.

Research on Optimization Design of Tunnel Blasting Scheme Adjacent to Buildings

The section of Jialingjiang Road Station to Xiangjiang Road Station along Qingdao Metro Line 13 is located in Qingdao, China. All of them show obvious characteristics, being soft on the top and hard on the bottom, and the interval tunnel is faced with the problem of existing adjacent buildings. In order to ensure the smooth progress of construction, as well as minimize the damage to the buildings, a new mechanical excavation combined with a blasting construction scheme for the adjacent buildings is proposed. In this scheme, the step method is used for excavation. The upper step is in the weak stratum, and the mechanical method is therefore used for excavation; the lower step is in the hard stratum, and the drilling-and-blasting method is thus used for excavation. Using FLAC3D 5.0 finite difference software and the method based on blasting an equivalent load, the vibration velocity at adjacent buildings caused by the combined mechanical excavation and blasting scheme, as well as the traditional full-section blasting scheme, is compared and analyzed. Further, the construction parameters of the combined mechanical excavation and blasting scheme are compared and selected based on building settlement, the plastic zone of surrounding rocks, building vibration velocity and other factors. The results show that under the mechanical excavation blasting scheme, the peak particle velocity of each monitoring point decreases significantly compared with that under the full-section blasting scheme, with a maximum reduction of 61.1%, which is within the allowable range of the project, demonstrating the rationality of the new scheme. Finally, the mechanical excavation advance in the upper step is determined as 0.5 m. The optimized parameter construction effect is monitored and evaluated, the problems encountered in the project are successfully solved using the combined mechanical excavation and blasting scheme, and the expected construction period is shortened by 3 months, which shows the rationality of the blasting construction scheme proposed and its parameters, as well as the validity of the calculation results. The research results can be used as a reference for the construction scheme design of similar projects.

Assessing the Long-Term Creep Behaviour of Hydrothermally Treated Japanese Cedar Wood Using the Short-Term Accelerated Stepped Isostress Method.

In this study, short-term accelerated creep tests were conducted using the stepped isostress method (SSM) to investigate the impact of hydrothermal treatment on the long-term creep behaviour of Japanese cedar wood and to determine optimal hydrothermal treatment conditions. The results showed that SSM can effectively predict the creep behaviour of hydrothermally treated wood. Among the treatment conditions tested, Japanese cedar wood treated hydrothermally at 180 °C for 4 h exhibited higher flexural strength retention (91%) and moisture excluding efficiency (MEE) (44%) and demonstrated superior creep resistance compared to untreated wood. When subjected to a 30% average breaking load (ABL) over 20 years, the specimen's creep compliance, instantaneous creep compliance, b value, activation volume, and improvement in creep resistance (ICR) were 0.17 GPa-1, 0.139 GPa-1, 0.15, 1.619 nm3, and 4%, respectively. The results indicate that subjecting Japanese cedar wood to hydrothermal treatment at 180 °C for 4 h has a negligible effect on its flexural properties but results in significant improvements in both dimensional stability and creep resistance.

Experimental study and viscosity modeling by adding oxide nanoparticles to oil to improve the performance

The properties of nanofluid (NF) were investigated by adding SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) to oil . The main focus is viscosity of NF in solid volume fractions SVF= 0.5–1.5%, T = 25–50 °C, and variousshear rates (SRs) in a laboratory study. After the preparation of NPs, NFs have been prepared in a 2-step method and then viscosity values have been obtained using a viscometer. Examining the changes in viscosity according to SR shows that changes are downward and increasing SR causes a decrease in viscosity. Increasing SVF increases viscosity. At beginning of the addition of NPs in SVF= 0.125%, the viscosity decreases. Temperature (T) changes also had a direct relationship with viscosity. Also, the results of response surface methodology (RSM) modeling were obtained as R²= 0.9961, Adjusted R²= 0.9958, and Predicted R²= 0.9953. This indicates excellent accuracy of the modeling. The significance of the model is less than 0.0001 and equal to 2872.91 with P-value and F-value, respectively. Deviation from the standard was also reported as − 10 <MOD< +10. The maximum sensitivity of viscosity to SVF is 0.25%.

A semi-implicit material point method for coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical simulation of saturated porous media in large deformation

The coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) response of liquid-infiltrated porous media underpins the safe operation and maintenance of key engineering infrastructure. Challenges remain in modeling and understanding the complicated multiphysics processes of porous media subjected to THM loads and undergoing large deformation. In this study, we develop a stabilized material point method (MPM) for modeling the THM responses of large deformation problems in biphasic solid–fluid mixtures. A novel and efficient staggered solution scheme is proposed to solve the governing equations of the coupled system formulated in terms of four primary variables: solid displacement (u), liquid velocity (v), pore pressure (p), and temperature (T). The scheme solves the energy balance equation first and employs the resulting temperature to further advance the calculation of the momentum and mass balance equations using a semi-implicit fractional step method to facilitate equal-order interpolations. Both the incompressible and weakly compressible fluid are considered in the presented fractional step formulations. We also develop the axisymmetric form of the coupled MPM to increase the applicability and efficiency of the method in THM problems. The validity, stability, and robustness of the proposed method are demonstrated through three benchmark problems, including the heating of a saturated half-space, the non-isothermal consolidation of a soil column, and a three-dimensional axisymmetric problem pertaining to the thermoelastic response around a point heat source. The predictive capability of the proposed method for large deformation problems is further showcased by the simulation of the progressive failure process of a thermal-sensitive slope.

Experimental Study on Thermo-Physical Properties of TiO2-SiO2 Nanofluids (70:30) in Water/Ethylene Glycol Mixture

Nanofluid is a solid particle that does not have a larger size than the 100 nm diffusion in the liquid. Its use can improve the nanofluids properties versus base fluid. More recently, many researchers are keen to know more about the combination of nanoparticles either two or more because of its effect to increase heat transfer in liquid heat. Thus, preparations between Silica (SiO2) and Titania (TiO2) in water (W) and ethylene glycol (EG) were carried out experimentally in volume concentrations between 0.3 and 1% and temperatures between 30-70 °C and 60:40 (Water: EG); 70:30 (TiO2-SiO2) with one step method. Thermal conductivity is measured by heat and viscosity method with viscometer equipment. Thermal conductivity results show that the increase with different temperatures. However, dynamic viscosity decreases with different temperatures. Studies show that hybrid nanofluids between SiO2 and TiO2 have an excellent thermal conductivity at a volume of 1.0% and a temperature of 70 °C indicating a right combination of nanofluid TiO2-SiO2.

The Influence of Construction Methods on the Stability of Tunnels and Ground Structures in the Construction of Urban Intersection Tunnels

The construction of intersection tunnels in urban induces multiple stress redistribution in the surrounding rock, leading to engineering disasters such as instability in rock strata during excavation, disturbance of supporting structures in existing tunnels, and subsidence of ground adjacent buildings. Employing an appropriate construction method is crucial in circumventing excessive stress concentrations and large-scale rock strata subsidence, making it a key aspect of urban intersection tunnel engineering. In this paper, a numerical model for an urban intersection tunnel is developed based on an underground circular road project in a central business district. We conduct numerical simulations of the excavation processes using the full-section method, step method, and center cross diagram (CRD) method, respectively. The findings indicate that while different construction methods do not change the variation trends of surrounding rock stress and displacement, adjacent ground building deformation, and existing tunnel convergence, they affect the variation degrees. The maximum compressive and tensile stresses in the surrounding rock caused by the CRD method are the smallest, which are 3.56 MPa and 0.76 MPa, respectively. The maximum arch subsidence affected the amount, and horizontal convergence affected the amount of branch tunnel #1 caused by the CRD method are the smallest too, which respectively are 1.428 mm and 0.931 mm. The foundation subsidence and overall inclination of the ground building resulting from the three methods are identical. Then, we discuss the construction safety of the three methods and obtain the influence order on construction stability, which is as follows: full-section method &gt; step method &gt; CRD method. It is concluded that the CRD method is the most suitable for urban intersection tunnel engineering in terms of safety. This study could offer valuable insights for selecting construction methods in urban intersection tunnel engineering and provide a foundation for evaluating the safety and stability of tunnel construction.

HPLC-UV evaluation of a microwave assisted method as an active drug loading technique for exosome-based drug delivery system

This paper evaluates the potential of a microwave radiation (MR) assisted method as an active drug loading technique for exosomes using polyphenolic nutraceuticals as model drugs (i.e. resveratrol (RV), rosmarinic acid (RA), pterostilbene (PT) and epigallocatechin gallate (EG)). MR is evaluated as a single step method and as part of a two-step method consisting of incubation (IN) followed by MR. The effect of exposure time, loading method and type of nutraceutical on the loading efficiency were investigated using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and flow cytometry. Additionally, dynamic light scattering (DLS) was used to determine the size of exosomes. Loading efficiency results indicated that MR is a promising method to be used as loading process. Results also suggested that due to different levels of hydrophobicity, related to the number of OH groups, the absorption of polyphenols into the bilayer of EVs is different for each molecule. According to XRD results, MR could not be used with any cargo drug since radiation could affect the chemical composition and the degree of crystallinity of such molecules, consequently affecting their performance. Flow cytometry results indicated that loading methods negatively affect exosome concentration.

Physical Symptoms, Depressive Symptoms, and Quality of Life in Patients With Heart Failure: Cluster Analysis.

Physical and psychological symptoms are prevalent in patients with heart failure (HF) and are associated with poor quality of life (QOL) and high hospitalization rates. Thus, it is critical to identify symptom clusters to better manage patients with high-risk symptom cluster(s) and to reduce adverse effects. The aims of this study were to identify clusters of physical HF symptoms (ie, dyspnea during daytime, dyspnea when lying down, fatigue, chest pain, edema, sleeping difficulty, and dizziness) and depressive symptoms and to examine their association with QOL in patients with HF. In this secondary analysis of a cross-sectional study, data on physical HF symptoms (Symptom Status Questionnaire), depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), and general QOL (European Quality of Scale-Visual Analog Scale) were collected. We identified clusters based on the physical HF symptoms and depressive symptoms using 2-step and k -means cluster analysis methods. Chest pain was removed from the model because of the low importance value. Two clusters were revealed (cluster 1, severe symptom cluster, vs cluster 2, less severe symptom cluster) based on the 7 symptoms. In cluster 1, all of the 7 symptoms were more severe, and QOL was poorer than those in cluster 2 (all P s < .001). All the mean and median scores of the 7 symptoms in cluster 1 were higher than those in cluster 2. Patients with HF were clearly divided into 2 clusters based on physical HF symptoms and depressive symptoms, which were associated with QOL. Clinicians should assess these symptoms to improve patient outcomes.

Creep behavior and viscoelastic-plastic models for polymer-blend HDPE geocell sheets based on the stepped isothermal method

Polymer-blend High Density Polyethylene (PHDPE) sheet materials have been developed in China as an alternative to the High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) materials for the manufacture of geocells. It is necessary to evaluate the creep properties of the geocell-reinforced structures to provide a reference for design of their service life and improve their application potential. In this paper, the Stepwise Isothermal Method (SIM) based accelerated creep testing, in which the test temperature was gradually increased but the load was kept constant, was employed obtain the long-term creep behavior of PHDPE and HDPE geocell sheets. Conventional creep tests were also carried out to assess the accuracy of the creep prediction. Furthermore, the Modified Burgers (MB) model and the Mon-linear Three-component (NLTC) model were proposed to predict long-term creep deformations of the PHDPE geocell sheets. The experimental results indicated that SIM creep tests could predict long-term creep deformations. The creep resistance of all three PHDPE, PHDPE-A, PHDPE-B, and PHDPE-C, was better than that of HDPE due to the addition of nylon 6 for the polymer-blending modification in HDPE. Comparison of the experimental data with the predicted data also confirmed that the MB and NLTC models could accurately model the viscoelastic-plastic creep behavior of PHDPE geocell sheets.

Influence of a polymeric gel on the in situ electropolymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene and application in irreversible electrochemical indicators

Electropolymerization triggered inside of a pre-assembled device can produce a high-contrast, visually irreversible color change. This format of electrochemical indicator has potential applications in a broad range of commercial sectors, including authenticity labeling, healthcare, food packaging, and logistics. However, there is limited work exploring how polymer gel electrolytes, which are commonly employed in flexible electrochemical devices, influence the electropolymerization process. Here, we study the electrochemical polymerization of 3–4-ethylenedioxythiphene (EDOT) in a UV-curable ethylene oxide-propylene oxide-allyl glycidyl ether (EO-PO-AGE) polymer gel electrolyte. Using potential step methods and cyclic voltammetry, we find that the addition of the polymer gel matrix lowers the overpotential required for film formation by 0.1 V compared to the liquid electrolyte. Furthermore, indicators with the polymer gel electrolyte show an increase in coloration efficiency, and greater visual homogeneity compared to indicators with the liquid electrolyte.Graphical

Synthesis of tetrahydroquinolines and quinoline derivatives through the Lewis acid catalysed Povarov reaction: A comparative study between multi step and multi-component methods

In this work, we have synthesised a new disubstituted tetrahydroquinolines by the Povarov [4+2] cycloaddition reaction between imines derivatives and an electron-rich olefin such as vinyl ethers. These reactions were carried out in the presence of different acid catalysts in its two versions, multi-step reaction starting with imine synthesis and multi-component reaction in which the imine is formed in situ. The reactivity of the cycloaddition reaction is directly attributed to the nature of the reagents, the used synthetic strategy, in which the obtained yield is found in the case of multi-step reactions lower than that in the multi-component reaction one. Additionally, the multi-step reactions are faster kinetically in comparison with that of the multi-component one. The nature of the catalyst directly increases the rate and enhances the yield of the reactions.

Efficient Method for Heat Flux Calculations within Multidisciplinary Analyses of Hypersonic Vehicles

A large amount of heat flux from aerodynamic heating acts on reusable spacecraft; thus, an accurate heat flux prediction around spacecraft reentry is essential for developing a high-performance reusable spacecraft. Although the approximate convective-heating equations can calculate the heat flux with high efficiency and sufficient fidelity, the heat flux should be evaluated over a thousand times for the entire trajectory in multidisciplinary analyses. For these reasons, it is necessary to develop an efficient method for calculating the heat flux for multidisciplinary analysis. In this paper, an efficient method for heat flux calculation that is adoptable by multidisciplinary analyses for hypersonic vehicles, such as spacecraft, is developed. Approximate convective-heating equations were adopted to relieve the computational cost of estimating the heat flux, and an adaptive time step method for heat flux calculations was developed to reduce the number of heat flux calculations required across the entire flight trajectory. A dynamic factor was introduced that adjusts the time step between each instance of the heat flux calculation. Since the time step using this factor could increase under low heat flux conditions, the number of heat flux calculations decreases by approximately one-tenth with over 90% accuracy. Therefore, the efficiency was improved with high accuracy using the adaptively-determined time step according to this dynamic factor.

Automatic dose prediction using deep learning and plan optimization with finite-element control for intensity modulated radiation therapy.

Automatic solutions for generating radiotherapy treatment plans using deep learning (DL) have been investigated by mimicking the voxel's dose. However, plan optimization using voxel-dose features has not been extensively studied. This study aims to investigate the efficiency of a direct optimization strategy with finite elements (FEs) after DL dose prediction for automatic intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) treatment planning. A double-UNet DL model was adapted for 220 cervical cancer patients (200 for training and 20 for testing), who underwent IMRT between 2016 and 2020 at our clinic. The model inputs were computed tomography (CT) slices, organs at risk (OARs), and planning target volumes (PTVs), and the outputs were dose distributions of uniformly generated high-dose region-controlled plans. The FEs were discretized into equal intervals of the dose prediction value within the [OARs avoid PTV(O-P)] and [body avoids OARs & PTV(B-OP)] regions in the test cohort and used to define the objectives for IMRT plan optimization. The plans were optimized using a two-step process. In the beginning, the plans of two extra cases with and without low-dose region control were compared to pursue robust and optimal dose adjustment degree pattern of FEs. In the first step, the mean dose of O-P FEs were constrained to differing degrees according to the pattern. The further the FEs from the PTV, the tighter the constraints. In the second step, the mean dose of O-P FEs from first step were constrained again but weakly and the dose of the B-OP FEs from dose prediction and PTV were tightly regulated. The dosimetric parameters of the OARs and PTV were evaluated and compared using an interstep approach. In another 10 cases, the plans optimized via the aforementioned steps (method 1) were compared with those directly generated by the double-UNet dose prediction model trained by low and high region-controlled plans (method 2). The mean differences in dose metrics between the UNet-predicted dose and the clinical plans were: 0.47Gy for bladder D50% ; 0.62Gy for rectum D50% ; 0% for small intestine V30Gy ; 1% for small intestine V40Gy ; 4% for left femoral head V30Gy ; and 6% for right femoral head V30Gy . The reductions in mean dose (p<0.001) after FE-based optimization were: 4.0, 1.9, 2.8, 5.9, and 5.7Gy for the bladder, rectum, small intestine, left femoral head, and right femoral head, respectively, with flat PTV homogeneity and conformity. Method 1 plans produced lower mean doses than those of method 2 for the bladder (0.7Gy), rectum (1.0Gy), and small intestine (0.6Gy), while maintaining PTV homogeneity and conformity. FE-based direct optimization produced lower OAR doses and adequate PTV doses after DL prediction. This solution offers rapid and automatic plan optimization without manual adjustment, particularly in low-dose regions.

A duoethnography about musicking at an older adult care home during COVID-19

Loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic has been a global problem. Older adults, who are considered high-risk individuals, have been particularly impacted and have experienced increased isolation and loneliness. Musicians also experienced loneliness during the lockdown period. Therefore, the purpose of this duoethnography is to explore the culturally situated meanings two research participants ascribe to musicking at an older adult care home during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research participants are two community musicians who have facilitated weekly musicking sessions at an older adult care home for the past five years. During the hard lockdown, we serenaded the older adults in the street in front of the care home. Our data collection was stimulated by photos, session plans, song choices, diary reflections, and individual accounts. To explore our dialogical understanding, we used storytelling and Pinar’s (1975) four step method of currere, namely regressive, progressive, synthesis and analysis. The findings indicated that musicking during the COVID-19 pandemic allowed us to share and express compassion and care towards the older adult residents and each other. We, therefore, argue that musicking, with the necessary hygienic precautions, should be encouraged as a form of reciprocal care during a global pandemic.

Analysis Of The Influence Of Work Stress On Employee Performance With Job Satisfaction As An Intervening Variable

In this study using a sample of 34 respondents, namely CV. Syntax Corporation Indonesia factory employees. The sample used was a saturated sampling technique. The testing in this study was carried out by analyzing the validity test, reliability test, classic assumption test, path analysis test, determination coefficient (R2),and t test. For partial hypothesis testing, the t test is used, the tcount value obtained for the Job Stress variable (X) for Job Satisfaction (Z) is 3.563 then for the Job Stress variable (X) for Employee Performance (Y) of 2.542 and for Job Satisfaction (Z ) towards Employee Performance (Y) of -1,175. Then based on the results of the Kofisien test of Equation I determination of 0.284 it means that the contribution or work stress relationship is 28.4% and the remaining 71.6%, and from equation II the results are 0.174, meaning that the work stress factor (X) influences job satisfaction (Z) of 17.4%, while the remaining 82.6% is influenced by other factors not included in this study. Then from the results of calculations through Path with the Causal Step method and Product Of Coefficient it is stated that and in this study the results of z calculated are 1.077 and z tables are 0.353. So it can be concluded that z count&gt; z table, the Intervening variable mediates the relationship between the Independent variable and the Dependent variable. Or in other words the Job Satisfaction variable mediates the relationship between the Job Stress variable and the Employee Performance variable.