Step In Progression Research Articles

The TYPHOON Stellar Population Synthesis Survey. I. The Young Stellar Population of the Great Barred Spiral NGC 1365

We analyze TYPHOON long-slit-absorption line spectra of the starburst barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 obtained with the Progressive Integral Step Method covering an area of 15 kpc2. Applying a population synthesis technique, we determine the spatial distribution of ages and metallicities of the young and old stellar populations together with star formation rates, reddening, extinction, and the ratio R V of extinction to reddening. We detect a clear indication of inside-out growth of the stellar disk beyond 3 kpc characterized by an outward increasing luminosity fraction of the young stellar population, a decreasing average age, and a history of mass growth, which was finished 2 Gyr later in the outermost disk. The metallicity of the young stellar population is clearly super solar but decreases toward larger galactocentric radii with a gradient of −0.02 dex kpc−1. On the other hand, the metal content of the old population does not show a gradient and stays constant at a level roughly 0.4 dex lower than that of the young population. In the center of NGC 1365, we find a confined region where the metallicity of the young population drops dramatically and becomes lower than that of the old population. We attribute this to the infall of metal-poor gas, and additionally, to interrupted chemical evolution where star formation is stopped by active galactic nuclei and supernova feedback and then after several gigayears resumes with gas ejected by stellar winds from earlier generations of stars. We provide a simple model calculation as support for the latter.

OMNIBUS LAW IN INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHT LAW PERSPECTIVE (FOCUS ON LABOR RIGHT IN INDONESIA)

There is a Bill titled All Lawis one of the government's progressive steps in the legal sector. This is allegedly due to President Joko Widodo's anger at Indonesia's sluggish progress in the investment sector. Based on reports Ease Of Doing Business 2019, Indonesia is ranked 73rd out of 190 countries. Formation All Law especially in the economic sector, it is hoped that it will be able to improve the investment climate in Indonesia, Rosan Roeslani said that one of the objectives of the law to all This is to improve Indonesia's ranking in Ease od doing Business. In legal research, there are two research approaches, namely a normative approach and a sociological juridical approach. Meanwhile, what is used to examine the data are theories commonly known in doctrinal legal theory such as legal rules, legal principles, legal definitions and so on. In this case, law to all What is meant in the Indonesian legal system is a form of law that regulates various objects in one legal instrument. so that there is a spread of discourse regarding the omnibus law which is equated with the Umbrella Law, namely a law that is the parent of other laws that are still in the same sector. However, if law to all narrated as an Umbrella Law, the law to all is not regulated in Law Number 12 of 2011 concerning the Formation of Legislative Regulations, therefore law to all in the Indonesian context, it is narrated as a law. The protection of human rights (HAM) was originally known in the social contract theory put forward by Rousseau. Based on social contract theory, the rights owned by everyone are handed over to the state based on free will. The state's duty is to provide protection to every citizen if there is a violation of the rights of citizens to achieve order and justice. Keywords : Human Right, International, Labor

Live TikTok Library: Promosi On-Fleek untuk Pengalaman yang Semakin Seru

In the ever-evolving digital era, libraries increasingly face the challenge of remaining relevant and connected to a fast-moving society. To expand reach and increase engagement, libraries are now involving themselves in social media platforms, and one of them is TikTok. Libraries' use of the live TikTok feature is a progressive step in presenting information, promoting collections, and building communities in cyberspace. Live TikTok provides a dynamic platform for librarians to communicate in real-time with patrons. How can this development improve the library's On-Fleek Promotion concept in interacting with today's digital society? The research method used is qualitative with an observational approach. Data was collected through direct observation of library live broadcasts on TikTok, including interactions between librarians and users, the type of content presented, and user responses. Analysis is carried out by detailing the findings that emerge from these interactions. The research results show that TikTok's live feature provides an interactive platform for libraries to communicate directly with followers. Observations reveal that live TikTok is effective in building user engagement, especially through comments, likes, and virtual gifts. Librarians can actively respond to questions, provide book recommendations, and explain library services. By combining qualitative and observational research methods, this study provides an in-depth understanding of the dynamics of interactions in the library's live TikTok environment. The implications of these findings provide guidance for libraries in designing more effective content strategies and enriching user experiences on these social media platforms.

Understanding and Utilizing Droplet Impact on Superhydrophobic Surfaces: Phenomena, Mechanisms, Regulations, Applications, and Beyond.

Droplet impact is a ubiquitous liquid behavior that closely tied to human life and production, making indispensable impacts on the big world. Nature-inspired superhydrophobic surfaces provide a powerful platform for regulating droplet impact dynamics. The collision between classic phenomena of droplet impact and the advanced manufacture of superhydrophobic surfaces is lighting up the future. Accurately understanding, predicting, and tailoring droplet dynamic behaviors on superhydrophobic surfaces are progressive steps to integrate the droplet impact into versatile applications and further improve the efficiency. In this review, the progress on phenomena, mechanisms, regulations, and applications of droplet impact on superhydrophobic surfaces, bridging the gap between droplet impact, superhydrophobic surfaces, and engineering applications are comprehensively summarized. It is highlighted that droplet contact and rebound are two focal points, and their fundamentals and dynamic regulations on elaborately designed superhydrophobic surfaces are discussed in detail. For the first time, diverse applications are classified into four categories according to the requirements for droplet contact and rebound. The remaining challenges are also pointed out and future directions to trigger subsequent research on droplet impact from both scientific and applied perspectives are outlined. The review is expected to provide a general framework for understanding and utilizing droplet impact.

Sustainable E-Fuels: Green Hydrogen, Methanol and Ammonia for Carbon-Neutral Transportation

Increasingly stringent sustainability and decarbonization objectives drive investments in adopting environmentally friendly, low, and zero-carbon fuels. This study presents a comparative framework of green hydrogen, green ammonia, and green methanol production and application in a clear context. By harnessing publicly available data sources, including from the literature, this research delves into the evaluation of green fuels. Building on these insights, this study outlines the production process, application, and strategic pathways to transition into a greener economy by 2050. This envisioned transformation unfolds in three progressive steps: the utilization of green hydrogen, green ammonia, and green methanol as a sustainable fuel source for transport applications; the integration of these green fuels in industries; and the establishment of mechanisms for achieving the net zero. However, this research also reveals the formidable challenges of producing green hydrogen, green ammonia, and green methanol. These challenges encompass technological intricacies, economic barriers, societal considerations, and far-reaching policy implications necessitating collaborative efforts and innovative solutions to successfully develop and deploy green hydrogen, green ammonia, and green methanol. The findings unequivocally demonstrate that renewable energy sources play a pivotal role in enabling the production of these green fuels, positioning the global transition in the landscape of sustainable energy.

Cellular Release of Infectious Hepatitis C Virus Particles via Endosomal Pathways.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus that causes chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The release of infectious HCV particles from infected hepatocytes is a crucial step in viral dissemination and disease progression. While the exact mechanisms of HCV particle release remain poorly understood, emerging evidence suggests that HCV utilizes intracellular membrane trafficking and secretory pathways. These pathways include the Golgi secretory pathway and the endosomal trafficking pathways, such as the recycling endosome pathway and the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-dependent multivesicular bodies (MVBs) pathway. This review provides an overview of recent advances in understanding the release of infectious HCV particles, with a particular focus on the involvement of the host cell factors that participate in HCV particle release. By summarizing the current knowledge in this area, this review aims to contribute to a better understanding of endosomal pathways involved in the extracellular release of HCV particles and the development of novel antiviral strategies.

Clinical characterisation of contact lens discomfort progression

PurposeThis study aimed to assess the subjective and objective differences among the steps of the contact lens discomfort (CLD) progression classification established by the Tear Film & Ocular Surface Society (TFOS) using questionnaires and clinical signs, and to propose a simplified classification. MethodsContact lens (CL) wearers were evaluated in a single visit. The Contact Lens Dry Eye Questionnaire (CLDEQ)-8, the Contact Lens Discomfort Index, and Visual Analog Scales for discomfort and dryness were administered. The non-invasive break-up time, the tear film lipid layer thickness, conjunctival hyperaemia and papillae, lid-parallel conjunctival folds, the fluorescein tear film break-up time, corneal and conjunctival staining, lid wiper epitheliopathy, and the Schirmer test were assessed. Sign and symptom scores were compared among TFOS CLD progression steps using analysis of variance or the Kruskal–Wallis H test. Steps 1 and 2 (reduced comfort), and steps 3 and 4 (reduced wearing time) of the TFOS classification were combined to obtain a simplified classification, and the same comparison was performed. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. ResultsOne hundred-fifty CL wearers (97 women and 53 men) aged 34.4 ± 12.6 years were included. In the TFOS classification, there were significant differences between step 0 (no CLD) and the rest of the severity steps for the scores obtained in all questionnaires (p ≤ 0.015). All steps were differentiated (p ≤ 0.032) based on the simplified classification for all questionnaires, except steps 1 and 2 for the CLDEQ-8 and dryness VAS (p = 0.089 and p = 0.051, respectively). There were no differences (all p ≥ 0.06) between the sign scores among the steps of either classification. ConclusionCLD management is encouraged from its first appearance. Simplifying the phases of CLD severity may allow a more accurate classification and a better awareness of the problem by clinicians and CL wearers by using more straightforward simple messages.

Ensuring employment of the population: international legal standards and national experience

The article examines a number of international regulatory acts containing the main legal standards in the field of ensuring employment of the population, combating unemployment and social security of a person in connection with the loss of a person's job for reasons beyond his control. It is noted that these areas of legal regulation are directly related to the right to work, the effective prohibition of discrimination and forced labor, as well as the right to free personal development and decent work. The change in trends in the social policy of the states is monitored from the simple support of a sufficient living standard of the unemployed through the provision of state or insurance benefits to the state employment policy, which stimulates employment based on professional orientation, choosing a profession with maximum consideration of natural abilities and already acquired skills, opportunities for professional training, retraining and advanced training, building a system of professional education in accordance with the needs of the labor market, etc. International legal standards, which are the basis for the development of the legal system of any modern state, determine the directions of reforming both the legal system as a whole and its individual branches. Accordingly, the labor and social security legislation of Ukraine is also developing in line with global and European trends. In particular, already during the years of independence, legislation on employment and social protection of the unemployed has undergone significant reforms, increasingly approaching the high standards of ensuring human rights in this area. The revision of the 2012 Law of Ukraine "On Employment of the Population" was a significant progressive step, as it provided for a number of measures to stimulate productive employment, help young people get their first job, and regulated the procedure for employment of foreign citizens in Ukraine. This Law and the relevant regulatory documents are subject to constant changes, especially in the last few years in connection with the problems of the pandemic caused by the spread of COVID-19 in the period of 2020-21 and the armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine from February 2022 to the present . It should be noted that the cooperation of the legislative and executive branches of government with experts of specialized international organizations brings positive results, as Ukrainian legal norms are increasingly approaching recognized international standards, in particular, the standards of the European Union, in which the main goal is to ensure human rights, respect for the individual, human dignity and equality of treatment in the spheres of employment and professional education.

PELATIHAN OBSTACLE AVOIDER ROBOT UNTUK PENGENALAN DUNIA ROBOTIKA BAGI SISWA SMAN 2 KABUPATEN TANGERANG

Integrating robotics into the education curriculum is a progressive step that can open doors for academic and student progress. The problems faced by extracurricular students at KIR SMAN 2 Tangerang Regency related to integrating robotics with academics have yet to be achieved. To facilitate students' academic and professional progress, the solution to this problem is to hold robotics training to introduce the world of robotics. The methods used include presentations, discussions, demonstrations, and practicums. The results of this research produced students who were able to assemble an Arduino obstacle avoider robot.

Expression and Purification of Recombinant ADAMTS8.

ADAMTS8 (A Disintegrin-like and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin motifs 8) is a secreted zinc-dependent metalloproteinase whose expression is downregulated in a variety of solid tumors. Xenografts expressing high levels of ADAMTS8 have a poor capacity to invade and migrate in nude mice. While this data highlights a beneficial, anti-cancerogenic role of ADAMTS8, the mechanism behind this activity is still not fully elucidated. So far, the only reported substrate for ADAMTS8 is osteopontin (OPN), an extracellular matrix protein widely implicated in multiple steps of cancer progression, albeit, similar to other ADAMTS family members, it is very likely that ADAMTS8 cleaves a variety of substrates. The availability of purified ADAMTS8 may enlighten the biological role of this metalloproteinase.Here we describe methods for expression and purification of recombinant ADAMTS8 in HEK293T cells as well as a convenient assay to test ADAMTS8 proteolytic activity using OPN as a substrate.

Efficient optimization design of flue deflectors through parametric surrogate modeling with physics-informed neural networks

In engineering applications, deflectors play a vital role in regulating the uniformity of flow field distribution in the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system, and their optimal design is a topic of great concern. However, traditional optimal design methods often suffer from insufficient prediction accuracy or too high computational cost. This paper develops and verifies an efficient and robust parametric surrogate model for SCR systems based on the physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) framework. This study comprises three progressive steps. (1) We predicted the flow field distribution in the original flue based on the PINNs framework and compared the results qualitatively and quantitatively with the traditional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The results show that the maximum relative error of velocity is 12.6%, and the relative error is within 5% in most areas. (2) For the optimal design of the deflector in the SCR system, a parametric surrogate model based on the PINNs framework is developed, and the model inputs include not only the coordinate variables but also the position parameters of the deflector. The accuracy and efficiency of this parametric surrogate model are also compared with the traditional CFD method. (3) Based on the parametric surrogate model developed above, the deflector optimal position for the research object of this study is found through two quantitative indicators (uniformity coefficient and flue gas energy loss). The results demonstrate that the parameterized model based on PINNs can reduce the computational time to about 14% compared to traditional methods. Finally, the sensitivity analysis of the deflector position parameters is carried out. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate that the parametric surrogate model based on the PINNs framework is an efficient and robust tool for system optimization, design, and autonomous control.

Progressive steps towards a standardized MRI protocol for people with multiple sclerosis in British Columbia

Progressive steps towards a standardized MRI protocol for people with multiple sclerosis in British Columbia

Retrospective Analysis of the Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Breast Cancer Treated with Telomerase Peptide Immunotherapy Combined with Cytotoxic Chemotherapy.

Telomerase activation, a critical step in cancer progression, occurs in approximately 95% of breast cancer cases. Telomerase is an attractive therapeutic target for breast cancer owing to its unique expression pattern. GV1001, a telomerase-derived peptide, is loaded onto human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II antigen-presenting cells and binds to CD4+ T cell activating immune responses. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of co-administration of GV1001 and cytotoxic chemotherapy in patients with heavily-treated metastatic breast cancer. We analyzed 63 patients with breast cancer who received both GV1001 and cytotoxic chemotherapy. The GV 1001 administration methods involves 0.56 mg intradermal injection three times during the first week, one time at weeks 2, 3, 4, and 6, and then once every 28 days. The primary endpoint of this study was quality of life according to EORTC QLO-C30 and EQ-5D, while the secondary endpoint was the antitumor response according to RECIST 1.1, progression-free survival, overall survival, and toxicity profile. In 34 patients with HR+ breast cancer evaluable for tumor response, the disease control rate (DCR) and overall response rate (ORR) were 58.8% and 26.4%, respectively. The DCR and ORR were 66.6% and 28.5% in 21 patients with HER-2+ and 50% and 25% in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), respectively. The median progression free survival was 10.4, 8.7, and 5.6 months in HR+, HER-2+, TNBC, respectively. The overall survival was 19.7, 13.2, and 9.4 months for patients with HR+, HER-2+, and TNBC, respectively. Most patients had an improved quality of life with statistically significant differences in some variables. The patients in this study experienced no additional toxicities other than the cytotoxic chemotherapy-associated side effects. GV1001 is a relatively safe anticancer vaccine for patients with heavily-treated breast cancer and can to improve the quality of life.

Tower Semiconductor Acquisition: Advancing Intels Presence in the Global Market

With the gradual implementation of the IDM strategy of Intel corporation, Intel moves faster toward its goal of dominating the worldwide foundry services and capacity market by giving it access to one of the most comprehensive portfolios of unique technologies. As a result, acquiring Tower for its specialized technologies and customer-first approach is a necessary step for progression of this strategy. This article aims to illustrate the reasons, analysis, and impact of it. The research unequivocally demonstrates that Intels acquisition of Tower will significantly impact the market competition landscape, technological innovation, and employment opportunities in the industry. This article gives a positive attitude to this acquisition, its a wise and appropriate choice for intel due to technical and military aspects. However, considering towers earnings in recent years have been modest, it could be suggested for leaders to make reasonable arrangements for the allocation of research and development. Facing this competitive race, intel needs to consider the future developing directions.

Research on Risk Measurement of China’s Carbon Trading Market

In today’s environmentally conscious world, carbon trading has emerged as a widely accepted economic instrument to mitigate the externalities resulting from deteriorating environmental problems. Consequently, the use of market-based mechanisms to address environmental issues has reached a global consensus. Many countries are implementing progressive steps by establishing carbon markets to promote low-carbon development and meet their carbon reduction targets. However, the inherent risks in carbon trading markets may hamper the formation of a reasonable carbon price signal, leading to inadequate stimulation of low-carbon technology investments and potential failure to achieve national emission reduction goals. Therefore, managing the risks associated with carbon trading markets is crucial. This study focuses on measuring the risk of China’s carbon market, with the primary aim of exploring carbon price fluctuation patterns and precisely measuring market risks. The risks associated with China’s carbon market are quantified and analyzed using the exponential generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (EGARCH) model, extreme value theory (EVT), and the value at risk (VaR) method. Results show that (1) the effect of external shocks on each carbon market is asymmetrical, and positive shocks exert considerable leverage effects on carbon price fluctuations. (2) EVT can be used to effectively fit the risks in the carbon markets. The risks of each carbon market show different characteristics. The risk of Hubei and Guangdong carbon markets is relatively small, and the dynamic VaR is nearly ±0.2. (3) Compared with the performance of the Chinese carbon market, the performance of the European Union Emission Trading Scheme is more stable, and its dynamic VaR for most of the period is within ±0.1, which is considerably lower than the VaR of other Chinese carbon markets. This study also proposes suitable policy implications to ensure the healthy and sustainable development of China’s carbon market.

T cell-mediated curation and restructuring of tumor tissue coordinates an effective immune response

Antigen-specific Tcells traffic to, are influenced by, and create unique cellular microenvironments. Here we characterize these microenvironments over time with multiplexed imaging in a melanoma model of adoptive Tcell therapy and human patients with melanoma treated with checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Multicellular neighborhood analysis reveals dynamic immune cell infiltration and inflamed tumor cell neighborhoods associated with CD8+ Tcells. Tcell-focused analysis indicates Tcells are found along a continuum of neighborhoods that reflect the progressive steps coordinating the anti-tumor immune response. More effective anti-tumor immune responses are characterized by inflamed tumor-T cell neighborhoods, flanked by dense immune infiltration neighborhoods. Conversely, ineffective Tcell therapies express anti-inflammatory cytokines, resulting in regulatory neighborhoods, spatially disrupting productive Tcell-immune and -tumor interactions. Our study provides in situ mechanistic insights into temporal tumor microenvironment changes, cell interactions critical for response, and spatial correlates of immunotherapy outcomes, informing cellular therapy evaluation and engineering.

Collaborative pathways

This extended abstract delineates a collaborative endeavor between the School of Communication & Design and the Learning Design team at RMIT Vietnam. The project’s core objective was to uplift and reimagine blended learning approaches across selected courses. In line with the growing body of research endorsing the role of academic-designer partnerships in fostering technology-enhanced learning (Ellis et al., 2016; Nihuka & Voogt, 2012; Huber & Jacka, 2022; McDonald & Mayes, 2005), this initiative thrived on the close collaboration between academics and learning designers. What sets our approach apart is the non-homogenized implementation of blended learning changes. Instead of uniformly transitioning courses from face-to-face to a blended format, changes were specifically tailored based on the needs and learning outcomes of each course. This bespoke approach, combined with our multifaceted support framework and adaptive project management strategies, ensured that the course design was both effective and reflective of individual course characteristics. The multifaceted support framework leveraged initial design workshops to establish core principles and a shared vision, codesign of initial proof of concept course modules, design templates, a central site providing blended learning exemplars and pedagogical resources and ongoing consultations. Embedded throughout these were foundational frameworks for online and blended learning including Backward Design and Community of Inquiry (Wiggins & McTighe, 2005, Garrison et al., 2001). New tools to support active, social, asynchronous learning were also integrated into the LMS. Adaptive project management strategies addressed challenges as they arose. The transformed courses showcase innovative blended learning approaches personalized to disciplinary contexts, leading to positive measurable impacts. Academics reported feeling empowered by new skills gained through the collaboration and this positive reception extended the reach of the program, providing a catalyst for academics not directly involved to implement the approaches and tools used in the program in their own course design. Despite its success, the initiative was not devoid of challenges. Different priorities necessitated compromise, and academics required additional support to adapt to new the new technologies and pedagogical strategies. The project’s collaborative nature proved instrumental in surmounting these hurdles, enabling learning designers to progressively build academic involvement whilst addressing issues central to blended learning implementation in a Vietnamese context such as lack of familiarity and experience with blended learning (Le et al., 2021). The outcomes of this collaboration underscore the value of leveraging complementary expertise of academics and designers. Beyond elevating technology-enhanced learning, the project fostered mutual understanding, leading to wider impacts than initially anticipated. Insights gained can inform effective collaboration strategies and highlight organizational enablers to nurture such relationships and promote the move to blended learning and uplifting of courses on a larger scale. This tailored approach not only represents a best practice example in the TEL context but also signifies a progressive step in the broader landscape of higher education, which is rapidly evolving towards online and blended modalities. While our experience is grounded in the Vietnamese context, the inherent flexibility and adaptability of our methods make it a model that can be replicated and customised for diverse tertiary educational settings globally. As higher education continues its evolutionary trajectory, academic-designer collaborations such as this one, rooted in blended learning enhancement, will grow in significance. The insights and methods presented here offer valuable pointers for those aiming to advance pedagogical innovation.

Legal provision of state financial support to the agricultural sector in the war and postwar periods

The article is devoted to the study of the current state of legal support of the state financial support of the domestic agricultural sector, the formulation of vectors for the improvement of the relevant legislation in the war and post-war periods, the development of proposals for the proper legal support of the outlined sphere.
 The analysis of normative acts regulating relations in the sphere of state support of the agricultural sector in the conditions of martial law showed their significant renewal. In particular, in terms of state credit support, the support of agricultural producers has been recognized as a priority area and a number of preferences have been preserved specifically for these subjects. A similar approach is applied to the financial support of economic entities of the agro-industrial complex through the compensation of leasing payments. The abolition of the zero compensatory rate for loans and zero compensatory remuneration for leasing is positioned by the authors of the article as a negative factor that makes it difficult for agribusiness subjects to realize the right to state financial support. The ineffectiveness of state support to the agricultural sector in the form of budget subsidies has been proven. This is a confirmation of the difficult situation in the economy of Ukraine, the reduction of budget funding in this direction and an argument in favor of finding alternative, less burdensome for the state, ways of support. The effectiveness of the activation of indirect and indirect support to the agricultural sector, through the creation of conditions for the better functioning of agribusiness (preferential taxation, customs benefits), involvement of the functions of international institutions, is substantiated.
 Attention is focused on the need to consolidate at the legislative level already introduced at the level of by-laws this type of state support for the agricultural sector, such as grant support, with further development of this direction in the post­war period.
 The legal principles of state support of agribusiness entities in terms of compensation for damage caused as a result of the war have been analyzed. It has been proven that the expansion of the directions for determining damage and losses caused to Ukraine as a result of the armed aggression of the Russian Federation in the direction of «damage caused to personal peasant farms and/or farms registered as natural persons - entrepreneurs», as well as the approval of the methodology for determining this damage is a progressive step in the direction of realizing the right of these subjects of the agricultural sector to compensation for the damage caused to them by the war and will contribute to post-war reconstruction.

Literatur Review : Implementasi Manajemen Mutu Dan Kualitas Layanan Di Unit Laboratorium

This comprehensive review synthesizes findings from various journals on the management of quality and service in laboratory units within the healthcare context. The synthesis reveals the importance of service quality and its impact on patient satisfaction and service effectiveness. Key findings include the positive influence of service quality dimensions such as reliability, physical evidence, and friendliness on patient satisfaction. Additionally, the interconnection between service quality and adherence to health standards and regulations is emphasized, underlining the significance of compliance for service improvement. External factors, such as government regulations and health policies, are identified as potential influencers of service quality, adding complexity to quality management. Practical implications for healthcare policies and practices are highlighted, suggesting improvements in human resource training, service processes, and infrastructure. Recommendations include strengthening human resource training through regular and ongoing programs, optimizing service processes by thorough workflow evaluations, and ensuring strict compliance with health standards. Furthermore, the integration of technological innovations is proposed as a progressive step toward enhancing service efficiency and result accuracy. The implementation of laboratory information systems, modern equipment, and related applications is suggested to advance service quality. The establishment of a regular monitoring and evaluation system, including internal audits, routine performance reviews, and patient feedback collection, is crucial for continuous improvement. Collaboration with external entities, such as health oversight agencies and laboratory professional associations, is advocated for robust guidance and support. Encouraging research and innovation in quality management and laboratory service is recommended to enhance understanding of new technology applications, quality maintenance strategies, and policy impact evaluation. By implementing these suggestions, laboratory units are expected to continually enhance service quality and ensure optimal patient satisfaction.

Integrins Can Act as Suppressors of Ras-Mediated Oncogenesis in the Drosophila Wing Disc Epithelium.

Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Key to cancer initiation and progression is the crosstalk between cancer cells and their microenvironment. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a major component of the tumour microenvironment and integrins, main cell-ECM adhesion receptors, are involved in every step of cancer progression. However, accumulating evidence has shown that integrins can act as tumour promoters but also as tumour suppressor factors, revealing that the biological roles of integrins in cancer are complex. This incites a better understating of integrin function in cancer progression. To achieve this goal, simple model organisms, such as Drosophila, offer great potential to unravel underlying conceptual principles. Here, we find that in the Drosophila wing disc epithelium the βPS integrins act as suppressors of tumours induced by a gain of function of the oncogenic form of Ras, RasV12. We show that βPS integrin depletion enhances the growth, delamination and invasive behaviour of RasV12 tumour cells, as well as their ability to affect the tumour microenvironment. These results strongly suggest that integrin function as tumour suppressors might be evolutionarily conserved. Drosophila can be used to understand the complex tumour modulating activities conferred by integrins, thus facilitating drug development.