Steel Sheet Pile Research Articles

A numerical assessment of jetty side support system

Steel sheet piles are amongst the most common kinds of quay walls used in the construction of port and harbor facilities. These are used most often for the birth of small crafts that have limited dimensions and capacity. An increasing number of berths require upgrades because of the growing market in marine traffic around the world, as well as continuously increasing dimensions and vessel capacities. A number of methods can be used to increase the steel sheet pile wall’s load-carrying capacity, including the use of double sheets with intermediate tie rods. This case study aims to evaluate the use of PLAXIS 3D to check system safety and to ensure sufficient capacity to withstand seismic design forces.

Analysis of cold formed steel sheet pile for earth retaining wall

Failure loads of sheet pile having various profiles such as U, Z and Omega/Hat profiles under compression was carried out by using equations of strength of materials and compared the failure load under various modes such as Euler’s buckling, torsional buckling and failure load due to yielding. Compared the strength of various profiles under flexure by using finite element analysis. Sheet pile can be analyzed as a unit cell for the simplified finite element analysis. For selecting the unit cell sheet pile with omega/Hat section was analyzed for profile containing one to eight numbers and checked the convergence of bending stress and maximum lateral deflection. Interlocks were analyzed for three different conditions such as plane interlock, interlock filled with bitumen and welded interlock. Location of interlock and neutral axis of the wall will affect the stability of the structure. Sheet piles with various cross sections were analyzed and studied the shear stress and bending stress along the cross section. From the structural performance of various cross sections omega/hat section can be considered as the most efficient cross section for the cold formed steel sheet pile because of its more load carrying capacity under compression and high torsion resistance and less bending stress. Results from the finite element analysis for the selection of unit cell shows that the stress and deflection value was converge at the sheet pile having 6 numbers of profiles.
 Keywords: sheet piles, building, resistance.

A Novel Approach to Use Soil-Cement Piles for Steel Sheet Pile Walls in Deep Excavations

In recent years, owing to advances in technology, excavation pits have shown increased improvements. Taking advantage of advanced solutions combined with traditional ones has brought about considerable advantages for construction contractors and saves on expenses to carry out construction projects. Owing to their ability to analyze geotechnical problems, several calculation and simulation software, such as Plaxis, Bentley, along with many others, have grown in popularity. Among them, Midas is one such software, which is a set of solutions developed by the MIDAS IT company and is widely applied in many constructions. The authors evaluated the ability to use Midas software to calculate the stability of a wall in a deep excavation pit for the Ho Chi Minh City Water Environment Improvement Project. The results of these researches reveal that combining soil-cement piles and steel sheet piles decreases the internal forces in sheet steel pile walls. At the same time, this solution not only reduces horizontal displacement but also keeps the settlement of the soil around the excavation pit within the permissible range, which helps to ensure that the adjacent pavements are stable and will not crack. The results of this study can be applied to similar geological constructions.

Design of rubble mound slope protection for cellular cofferdam breakwater retrofitting

A rubble mound slope structure was designed to protect a decaying cellular steel sheet pile cofferdam breakwater which has been partially damaged. Reparation of this decaying cofferdam breakwater to its original form is considered uneconomic. Considering three basic design requirement, i.e. economic feasibility, environmental sustainability, and structural reliability and constructability, the rubble mound slope design has been proposed as a retrofit structure against 4.7m height of a 100yrs return period design wave. In this design, the existing vertical cofferdam stands originally at the harbour side, whereas the new additional rubble mound structure is attached to the cofferdam at the sea side creating together a new horizontal composite breakwater. The existing cofferdam supports the rubble mound structure at the harbour side, whereas the rubble mound structure provides protection against direct wave attack. This retrofit design of structure requires less 25% of materials volume and costs 30% cheaper than a full standalone rubble mound breakwater type. This less requirement of materials will consequently have positive impact on environment and natural resource conservation. The design of rubble mound slope that is directly attached to the existing breakwater will enable its easy construction by using vehicles that stand on the top of the existing breakwater. This article describes the design consideration including discussion on the structural reliability of the retrofitted breakwater.

ANALYSIS OF ON-SITE VIBRATION MONITORING OF STEEL SHEET PILE DRIVING CONSTRUCTION

In this paper, the self-designed system for ground vibration acceleration monitoring was used to monitor the ground vibration caused by steel sheet pile driving in three sites with different soil properties. The peak acceleration and frequency characteristics of ground vibration were analyzed. The vibration attenuation law and the influence on surrounding buildings were discussed. The results show that soil strength has significant influence on the vibration caused by steel sheet pile construction. The penetration rate of steel sheet pile in soil with low resistance is high, causing slight ground vibration response. While in soil with high resistance, the penetration rate is low and the ground vibration is relatively much more obvious. The ground longitudinal and tangential accelerations caused by steel sheet pile construction are close to each other at the same depth, and have a trend to increase with the depth. There is little influence of vibration source distance and soil property on the dominant frequency of ground vibration caused by steel sheet pile construction. A good positive linear correlation shows between the dominant frequency of ground vibration and the vibration frequency of pile construction. The construction vibration of steel sheet pile attenuates rapidly in the range of 4m from the vibration source. The minimum safety distance of steel sheet piles for surrounding buildings due to construction is far smaller than that of soil compaction pile.

Modification Works of Impressed Current Cathodic Protection System for Steel Sheet Piles Bulkhead Wharf

The steel sheet piles have been protected effectively by the cathodic protection system against seawater corrosion for 40 years. There is no phenomenon of corrosion perforation and corrosion damage. However, many instruments and parts of the cathodic protection system do not work properly now, whilst many new cathodic protection materials are produced and more effective. In order to prevent the steel sheet piles from seawater corrosion, the ICCP system should been modified perfectly.

Detection of Deformation in Beam-Type Steel Sheet Pile Revetment by Image Data with Hough Transform

Detection of Deformation in Beam-Type Steel Sheet Pile Revetment by Image Data with Hough Transform

Improved Method for the Seismic Design of Anchored Steel Sheet Pile Walls

This paper describes a new pseudostatic approach for an efficient seismic design of anchored steel sheet pile (ASSP) walls supported by shallow passive anchorages. As for other retaining structures, energy dissipation during strong earthquakes leading to reduced inertia forces can be achieved by allowing the activation of ductile plastic mechanisms. To this end, a robust method is required to identify all the possible yielding mechanisms and to guarantee the desired strength hierarchy. It is shown that dissipative mechanisms for ASSP walls correspond either to the local attainment of the soil shear strength in the supporting soil and around the anchor, or in the activation of a log-spiral global failure surface. A new limit equilibrium method is proposed to compute the critical acceleration of the system, corresponding to the actual mobilization of its strength, and the maximum internal forces in the structural members. Theoretical findings are validated against both existing dynamic centrifuge data and the results of original pseudostatic and fully dynamic numerical analyses.

The prediction of water level based on support vector machine under construction condition of steel sheet pile cofferdam

SummaryAlthough the construction of steel sheet pile cofferdam has good practicability in the process of water conservancy project construction, the construction period of the water project is long due to the large amount of work, and the cofferdam itself is greatly affected by the water level, topography, geological period, and other factors. With the continuation of time and the change of complex hydrogeological environment, it is easy to cause the accumulation of hidden safety hazards in the construction of the project during the construction period, and the unreasonable and untimely risk warning and control have led to some major construction accidents. In this paper, the SVM (Support Vector Machine) medium‐ and short‐term water level prediction model is established. The SVM tool is used to establish a prediction model that takes complex hydrological scenes and weather changes into account comprehensively, so that the medium‐ and short‐term water level can be predicted more accurately, thus achieving dynamic adjustment and better adapting to the actual requirements of steel sheet pile cofferdam construction. The results show that there is a good co‐integration relationship between the prediction factors selected by the medium‐ and short‐term water level prediction model, which proves the rationality of the multivariable predictions selected in this paper. At the same time, in the precipitation concentration period, the relative error of the SVM prediction model is relatively small, and it can achieve dynamic water level prediction with the update of the medium‐ and short‐term weather forecast, which can meet the requirements of engineering construction and accuracy.

New Structure of Impervious Steel Sheet Pile in Foundation Slab

In view of the poor seepage control effect, slow construction progress and high investment cost of the existing sluice vertical impervious core structure, a new type of anti-seepage steel sheet pile structure for foundation slab is proposed in this paper.The new structure is formed by connecting multiple steel sheet piles, the steel sheet pile is in “U” shape, the steel sheet pile body forms horizontal extension edges on both sides, the two extended edges form two reverse hooks at the end, and the clasp forms an inward inclined plane at the connection opening. The steel sheet pile is used as the vertical anti-seepage body, and the structure of the steel sheet pile is optimized. The connection end is connected by the reverse hook. The gap between the connection end faces is small and the anti-seepage performance is good. The structure reduces the seepage head, reduces the saturation line, and improves the stability of sluice foundation and sluice.

Design of a Spun Pile Vertical Wall Breakwater for the Improvement of Damaged Cellular-Cofferdam

A new breakwater is on demand to replace the function of an existing steel sheet pile cellular-cofferdam at TPPI Tuban Port of East Java. The existing breakwater has been partially damaged due to severe corrosion and hard attack by monsoon waves. An open frame structure of spun pile vertical-wall breakwater is proposed as an alternative design. The spun pile is a pre-stressed concrete hollow cylinder pile with outer diameter 1800mm and thickness of 200mm. The spun pile lengths vary between minimum 28m to maximum 33m according to the position of hard soil against seabed. The new breakwater is designed to stand against 100yrs RP wave with Hs = 4.7m. Wave height variations around the structure are simulated using Boussinesq Wave module of MIKE21 software, while SAP2000 is used to calculate the strength of superstructure to withstand existing loads and certain load combinations. Plaxis software is used mainly to analyze substructure using existing soil data. This article describes the design process of spun pile vertical wall breakwater, started from loads calculation, then define load combinations, analyze structure in SAP2000, analyze structure in Plaxis, determination of specification and dimension, to design drawings creation.

Economics of reviving D.V.C. water supply canal amidst running supply to meet requirement of city of Durgapur, India

A water supply canal having a length of 8.9 km, originating from Durgapur Barrage at Durgapur, West Bengal, India and terminating in a pool at a downstream distance of 8.9 km was constructed by Damodar Valley Corporation during 1957-60 to supply drinking water to the city of Durgapur, West Bengal, India and water to several industries situated at Durgapur. Durgapur Municipal Corporation withdraws its complete demand from this canal of DVC. The major industries withdrawing water from the canal is M/S Durgapur Chemical Limited, M/S Durgapur Steel Plant, M/S Phillips Carbon, M/S Durgapur Thermal Power Station. Though the canal was designed for original capacity of 900 cusecs, but now there is withdrawal of about 400 cusecs only from the canal due collapse of the cross section of the earthen canal at different chainage, silting of the canal throughout its reach resulting in failure of the function of the canal to supply water to major customers. A study was undertaken to assess the present hydraulic and environmental conditions of the existing canal and propose procedure for revival of the canal in the most economic way without disrupting the present withdrawal from the canal and also suggest measures to be undertaken for maintenance of environment along the canal to prevent canal cross section from unlawful ingress of water into the canal. In this study, present hydraulic conditions of the canal have been analyzed. Different alternatives of reviving the canal to carry a discharge of 500 cusecs were attempted by (i) designing pre-cast section of the canal capable of carrying a discharge more than 500 cusec, (ii) simply using the existing cross section with side protection with steel sheet piling and bottom protection with concrete blocks, and (iii) providing diaphragm wall on each side of the section and bottom protection with concrete blocks. Feasibility of construction under conditions of continued supply to the existing stake holders was considered while analyzing the economics of revival for all the three alternatives. Revival of the canal by option (ii) has been recommended on the basis of economics of revival amid running condition of the canal. Though the working life of the canal with sheet pile protected side wall is less than that of the canal with diaphragm wall as the side wall of the cross section but workability under running condition of the canal is much higher for the case of side protection with steel sheet piles. Measures such as diverting the unlawful ingress away from the canal, protecting the side berms with green cover has been recommended to improve the environment around the canal.

Seismic damage analysis on the river levees reinforced with steel sheet pile by the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake

Seismic damage analysis on the river levees reinforced with steel sheet pile by the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake

Study on Larsen Steel Sheet Pile as the Deep Base Pit Support

The steel sheet pile, a material featuring good quality, easy construction, high durability and strong interchangeability, has few restrictions for projects, and is therefore widely used as the deep base pit support. However, the complexity and specificity of base pit supporting demands an appropriate method to install it, which is the prerequisite of project safety. To ensure the safety, the paper studied the deformation by force and stability of Larsen steel sheet pile. It found that both indicators meet the requirements. Larsen steel sheet pile can provide effective protection for the base pit with decent performance. Therefore, Larsen steel sheet pile should be advocated in projects alike.

The comparison of the environmental impact of steel and vinyl sheet piling: life cycle assessment study

The literature review concerning various materials for production of sheet piles used in wet ground, waterfront and marine conditions has been presented. Polyvinyl chloride has been identified as a promising steel alternative. Despite unambiguous findings suggesting a higher environmental impact of steel sheet piles compared to polymer products, the necessity of further detailed surveys, confirming the preliminary conclusion, has been perceived. The main objective of this study has been to compare the environmental impact of steel and vinyl sheet piles taking into consideration various corrosion rate depending on the local conditions. The comparative life cycle assessment analyses have been carried out according to a cradle-to-site approach. The comparison of indicators has shown that the environmental impact of polymer products had been significantly lower than that of steel products. In case of the most aggressive environment, the differences of results have reached an order of magnitude. The dominant environmental impact has resulted from the production process of sheet piles. An uncertainty analysis has been carried out by means of Monte Carlo simulations. The study has also provided sensitivity analysis to the assumptions of the model applied. The minimum thickness of steel sheet piles after 50 years of use, including loss allowances and protective coatings, as well as different parameters of transport has been analyzed. Irrespective of the assumed conditions, the general conclusion has remained the same: steel sheet piles indicated significantly higher environmental impact than vinyl sheet piles.

Application of Steel Sheet Pile in Deep Foundation Pit Support of Collapsible Loess Regions

Due to its high quality, simple construction, good durability and interchangeability, steel sheet pile can reduce the requirements of space for construction tasks and other advantages. In recent years, it has been widely used in support engineering. Taking a deep foundation pit in a collapsible loess area as an example, this paper analyzes the application and calculation of steel sheet pile support under the complex operation conditions, which is composed of many adverse factors such as the limitation of the construction work area’s narrow influence on the construction, and expounds the feasibility of steel sheet pile in the deep foundation pit support in collapsible loess area, which adds precious steel sheet pile support to the deep foundation pit in collapsible loess area The experience has a good reference and guiding significance for the use and promotion of steel sheet pile support in similar projects.

Identification of channel diversion and bank protection techniques for toorsa river

This project aims for desigining of flood embankment structures to accommodate both normal flows as well as the highest designed flood for the return period of 100 years form flood frequency analysis. The new channel dimensions are being determined and embankment protection works for the floods are being designed and recommended. Having found steel sheet pile more advantages and safety, the same is recommended for the river training works. The focus of the project was confined to the channel diversion along with proper embankment works. The methodology included the usage of several approaches such as ARC –GIS to obtain catchment area and cross section of the river,and hydraulics analysis was done using HEC-RAS and the slope/W analysis check was done for the stability of the embankment works. The laboratory test such as sieve analysis, bulk density test, specific gravity test was done to determine the classification of the soil, compaction of the soil, to use different parameter for the desigini g works.

Improving Efficiency of Arranging Offshore Cofferdams

The paper discusses the authors-developed technology for constructing offshore waterproof steel sheet pile cofferdams for creating artificial islands. The proposed technology enables increased efficiency and reduced work completion times.

Construction Technology of Composite Cofferdam for Main Pier Bearing Platform of Dongjiang Lichuan Bridge

Dongjiang Lichuan Bridge in Dongguan City is a curved tower curved beam cable-stayed bridge with a main span of 138m and no back cable. The main pier cap is located on the bank slope of Dongguan Waterway on one side of Nandi Road. The cushion cap is dumbbell type, and the left and right cushion caps are connected by tie beams. In most areas, the top of rock stratum is above the bottom of bearing platform. The rock stratum within the buried depth of bearing platform is moderately to strongly weathered argillaceous siltstone. The geological conditions are complex and the construction is difficult. In line with the principles of speeding up the construction process and improving economic benefits, comprehensive analysis and weighing advantages and disadvantages, the main pier cap adopts a composite cofferdam of filling soil to build an island and combining bored pile rows and steel sheet piles. The construction task of bearing platform of main pier has been completed with high quality. Compared with other cushion cap construction methods, this construction method has the advantages of fast construction, high quality, simple safety, energy saving and environmental protection. This paper briefly introduces the design scheme of composite cofferdam, expounds in detail the operation steps of steel sheet pile construction and the problems needing attention in construction, and provides good reference experience for similar pile cap construction.

Vibration Test on Existing Steel Sheet Pile

A thorough understanding about the vibration of a structure is essential to resolve any vibration problems. In this study, the vibration measurement was conducted on a real plate structure, which is steel sheet pile. The monitored structures are located in Rokkenya-gawa river and Aji-gawa river in Osaka City, Japan. The purpose of this investigation is to obtain information about the overview conditions of this marine structure. A simple vibration measurement as well as thickness measurement have been conducted. There is no serious damage was observed on the monitored structure.