Steel Sheet Pile Research Articles

INTEGRAL SHEET PILING ABUTMENTS OF MODULAR COMPOSITE BRIDGES FOR A TIME EFFICIENT CONSTRUCTION

AbstractIntegral bridge structures with a high degree of prefabrication comply with all requirements of modern bridge structures. Composite bridges with sheet pile abutments using modular elements are such a solution although not yet a standardized solution with wide acceptance by bridge authorities and owners. In the present paper, two design concepts of a modular connection between superstructure in steel composite construction using hot‐rolled profiles and integral steel sheet pile abutments are presented: A flexible concept with sheet piles as abutments for bridge spans 25‐30m and a more rigid concept applying combined sheet pile walls for bridge spans up to 30‐45m. The concepts are referencing the Knife Edge‐Support (KES) as basis of design. The load paths are analyzed numerically, and the influencing parameters are identified. Finally, preliminary experimental results to proof the suitability of the connections will be confirmed presented.

Parametric Studies for Steel Sheet Pile Wall Using GE05FINE

Abstract: Based on the site conditions and lateral earth pressure of soil plays important role in the selection of sheet pile wall. In the present day different types of sheet pile wall present in the market like as steel sheet pile wall , concrete sheet pile wall and timber etc. Concrete sheet pile walls are common in use. Modification in the properties of the concrete sheet piles is easier making it more economical as the utility of the section can be considerably increased according to projects requirement. Sheet pile wall deformation is dependent on the materials properties. Consequently, it is essential to research how different material types and properties affect the deformation and stress distribution of cantilever concrete sheet pile walls. A parametric analysis was carried out numerically using a case study that makes use of a base model to determine how long a sheet pile wall should be at the bottom of an embankment with various material types for ditch with a depth of 3m, 5m and 7m.to safeguard and improve the stability of the embankment , a sheet pile wall was temporarily constructed near the toe of the embankment. Analysing simulation data was completed with the aid of GE05FINE. The analysis findings revealed that when subjected to the same loading situation, bending moment and shear force varies with the material properties. Therefore, it is wise to carefully select the sheet pile wall materials in accordance with the projects requirements.

Parametric Studies for Concrete Sheet Pile Wall Using GE05FINE

Abstract: Based on the site conditions and lateral earth pressure of soil plays important role in the selection of sheet pile wall. In the present day different types of sheet pile wall present in the market like as steel sheet pile wall , concrete sheet pile wall and timber etc. Concrete sheet pile walls are common in use. Modification in the properties of the concrete sheet piles is easier making it more economical as the utility of the section can be considerably increased according to projects requirement. Sheet pile wall deformation is dependent on the materials properties. Consequently, it is essential to research how different material types and properties affect the deformation and stress distribution of cantilever concrete sheet pile walls. A parametric analysis was carried out numerically using a case study that makes use of a base model to determine how long a sheet pile wall should be at the bottom of an embankment with various material types for ditch with a depth of 3m, 5m and 7m.to safeguard and improve the stability of the embankment , a sheet pile wall was temporarily constructed near the toe of the embankment. Analysing simulation data was completed with the aid of GE05FINE. The analysis findings revealed that when subjected to the same loading situation, bending moment and shear force varies with the material properties. Therefore, it is wise to carefully select the sheet pile wall materials in accordance with the projects requirements.

Construction technologies and mechanical effects of the pipe-jacking crossing anchor-cable group in soft stratum

In this study, an open-cut approach using steel-sheet piles and jet grouting piles for waterproofing was proposed to resolve the problem that ordinary pipe-jacking equipment cannot cross areas with existing anchor cables in soft stratum. The case history of a pipe-jacking project of a sewage treatment plant in the Jinan East Railway Station area was investigated. The mechanical properties of steel-sheet piles, horizontal displacement of piles, and ground surface settlement in the anchor-cable crossing area were investigated based on in situ observations. Numerical investigations were performed using the finite element method (FEM). The effects of existing anchor cables on the mechanical behaviors of retaining structures, deformation variation of the ground, and stability of the excavation were studied. The results indicate that the composite supporting structures of steel-sheet piles and jet grouting piles have a positive effect on waterproofing and deformation control in areas with existing anchor cables. When the steel-sheet pile touched the anchor cable during pile jacking, the compressive stress at the pile cap increased rapidly until it reached 62.8 MPa (the maximum pressure provided by the pile-pressing machine), which is twice the pressure under ordinary conditions. The maximum horizontal displacement of the retaining pile, δv, increased linearly with the excavation depth He. Existing anchor structures behind the excavation can restrain the deformation of the ground and retain the structure to a certain extent. The δv value of the pile with existing anchor structures behind is 6.5 mm or approximately 0.01% of the He value, which is 70% of that of the retaining pile without existing anchor structures. “Groove type” ground surface settlements are found on both sides of the excavation. The maximum ground settlements δh are 0.29% He and 0.05% He, respectively. The plastic zone at both sides of the excavation bottom extends to the ground surface with an angle of about 45°. When an excavation fails, the plastic zone range in the ground with existing anchor cables is significantly larger than it is in the ground without anchor cables. The key contribution of this research is to provide an effective and low-budget treatment for pipe-jacking crossing through an anchor-cable group region. The findings from this study also provide industry practitioners with a comprehensive guide regarding the specific applications and mechanical performance of the crossing excavation for obstacle treatment.

Experimental study of an I-beam reinforced steel sheet pile under axial tension

This article discusses the connection of a steel sheet pile to an I-beam by welding to increase the horizontal load-bearing capacity. The connection to the I-beam is checked during an experimental study for axial tension. Deformations at reference and maximum loads, as well as stresses in the weld metal and I-beam metal, are recorded. During the tests, the bearing capacity of the welded joints was confirmed, data on plastic deformations of the sheet pile walls under various loads were obtained.

Experimental study of an I-beam reinforced steel sheet pile under axial tension

This article discusses the connection of a steel sheet pile to an I-beam by welding to increase the horizontal load-bearing capacity. The connection to the I-beam is checked during an experimental study for axial tension. Deformations at reference and maximum loads, as well as stresses in the weld metal and I-beam metal, are recorded. During the tests, the bearing capacity of the welded joints was confirmed, data on plastic deformations of the sheet pile walls under various loads were obtained.

Environmentally Sustainable, Ecologically Conservable and Economical Viable Design and Construction Solution of Ship Side Launching Wharf

India is on development path and construction of various infrastructures work is happening at increasing pace and magnitude. The cement and reinforcement are most essential materials required for a infrastructure projects. Both cement and steel production produce large amount of carbon di oxide and also require large amount of energy for production. This is one main aspect of environmental destruction. Ship building activities are ever increasing in India and so construction of new shipyards and modernization of existing shipyards. Launching of ship is one of the most important operations in the entire ship construction process. Getting permissions for such construction involves various authorities and agencies such as concerned Industrial Development Corporation, River Navigation Department, Caption of Ports, Coastal Regulation Zone Authority, Pollution Control Board to name a few. This paper presents some important aspects of environmentally sustainable, ecologically conservable and economical solution Design and Construction Solution of Ship Side Launching Wharfby substituting conventional RCC piles by rammed stone columns to a large extent and use of gabion walls for closing the face of jetty in place of steel or RCC sheet pile making use of locally available quarry stones.

DEVELOPMENT OF THICKNESS MEASUREMENT FOR STEEL SHEET PILES WITHOUT REMOVAL OF ADHERED PRODUCTS

DEVELOPMENT OF THICKNESS MEASUREMENT FOR STEEL SHEET PILES WITHOUT REMOVAL OF ADHERED PRODUCTS

Thickness Measurement at High Lift-Off for Underwater Corroded Iron-Steel Structures Using a Magnetic Sensor Probe

Infrastructure facilities that were built approximately half a century ago have rapidly aged. Steel sheet piles, the inspection object in this study, are severely corroded, resulting in cave-in damages at wharfs. To solve such a problem, non-destructive inspection techniques are required. We previously demonstrated plate thickness measurement using extremely low-frequency eddy current testing. However, when the steel sheet piles are located in water, shellfish adhere to their surface, causing a lift-off of several tens of millimeters. Therefore, this large lift-off hinders the thickness measurement owing to fluctuations of magnetic signals. In this study, sensor probes with different coil diameters were prototyped and the optimum size for measuring steel sheet piles at high lift-off was investigated. Using the probes, the magnetic field was applied with a lift-off range from 0 to 80 mm, and the intensity and phase of the detected magnetic field were analyzed. Subsequently, by increasing the probe diameter, a good sensitivity was obtained for the thickness estimation with a lift-off of up to 60 mm. Moreover, these probes were used to measure the thickness of actual steel sheet piles, and measurements were successfully obtained at a high lift-off.

Integration of hydrochemical and induced polarization analysis for leachate localization in a municipal landfill

Landfills have been identified as a significant concern to the surrounding surface and groundwater ecosystem because of the discharge of leachate. To tackle the uncertain localization of the contamination plume due to low sampling densities, a combination of hydrochemical analysis and induced polarization survey (IP) is employed to characterize the leachate in a municipal landfill. The polarization effect in the contaminated area is significantly higher than expected for landfill sites, but relatively low chargeability zones (<100 mV/V) indicating the distribution of leachate are observed inside high conductivity (>600 mS/m) areas. With reliable geophysical results confirmed by similar formation factors from both field and laboratory data, the abnormal high polarization effect is influenced by installed steel sheet piles next to the survey cable. In addition, we successfully identify linear relationship between the geophysical responses and dominant inorganic conservative compounds (Cl- and Na+) from the leachate plume. The gentle variations of borehole chemical parameters show that the plume is not affected by a continuous contamination source any more, indicating that the steel sheet pile effectively cut off the contamination from the leachate tanks. In conclusion, the integration of IP and hydrochemical data is an excellent way to locate contaminated zones and monitor the behaviors of leachate plume in the landfill.

Effect of Steel Sheet Piles Defects on Seepage and Contamination Transport through the Soil

Effect of Steel Sheet Piles Defects on Seepage and Contamination Transport through the Soil

Mitigation plan against liquefaction potential on Gumbasa Irrigation Canal around Jono Oge area after 2018 Central Sulawesi Earthquake

Gumbasa Irrigation Area was one of the public infrastructures affected by the liquefaction and flow-slide. Restoring it to operate as before required a reconstruction plan with consideration on potential damage caused by the earthquake and liquefaction. The objective of this study was to assess the performance of the mitigation plan applied on Gumbasa Irrigation Area (canal and rice field). Two mitigation plans to be applied in the Gumbasa Irrigation Canal are evaluated, i.e., (1) implementing impermeable lining and geogrid; (2) applying impermeable lining and steel-sheet pile with drain. Each mitigation plan was compared using the finite element method to examine the stability and displacement mechanism. Based on the result, the first mitigation plan was identified as more effective to reduce displacement caused by earthquake and liquefaction potential. The lowering groundwater method was applied on Jono Oge rice fields area by maintaining the recommended groundwater level obtained from the simulation of groundwater level using the simplified method. We concluded that mitigation plans on irrigation canal by applying impermeable lining and geogrid and by lowering groundwater on the rice fields area were the best mitigation plan for Gumbasa Irrigation Area.

Efficient numerical algorithms for assessing the mechanical performance of corroded offshore steel sheet piles

Deterioration of offshore steel sheet pile walls subjected to corrosion may significantly affect the structural performance under serviceability and failure. Most steel corrosion studies focused on the mechanism of reflecting the actual corrosion situations to establish a relatively realistic corrosion model. The mechanical performances of the material loss phenomenon in the offshore steel sheet piles are useful for assessing their in-service and life cycle conditions. In this paper, the general power corrosion model is adopted to reflect the changes in the material and section properties of the pile and combine with the p-y curve method to formulate a new pile element to consider the corrosion effect. The Updated-Lagrangian (UL) method and the newly-developed element formulations are integrated into a modified Newton-Raphson method to eliminate the repetitive modelling process when considering the varied mechanical properties under different corrosion levels. After verifying the accuracy of the present numerical method, parametric studies have been considered to explore the effects of the changes of the annual corrosion rates and the trends of corrosion progress on the offshore steel sheet piles. The annual corrosion rate in the immersion zone plays an important role in the mechanical performance of offshore structures in a marine environment.

Landslide Threat Analysis and Slope Reinforcement Method with Sheet Pile on Singaraja City Boundary Road – Mengwitani Km 37+900 Right

The trigger factor for landslides is due to high rainfall intensity and long duration and the drainage system on the slopes is not good, causing the soil to become saturated. The Singaraja–Mengwitani City road section every rainy season always occurs landslides due to the geometry of the road adjacent to the slope because it is in a hilly area, as well as a drainage system that does not function during the rainy season. Based on the results of the previous soil investigation, the road section is a type of silty clay due to weathering of the ancient Buyan-Beratan volcanic rocks. The research was conducted through a field investigation with 2 drill points in a depth of 30 m, and slope stability analysis with the help of Geoslope software obtained. The value of the existing slope safety factor was 0.939, while at the time of moderate rain for 6 hours it was obtained SF&lt;0.332, this condition indicates that the slope will fail so that it needs to be strengthened. The reinforcement is carried out with steel sheet piles is 4.49 m with a total length of sheet piles used is 6.49 ~ 7 m, based on the results of the analysis after being given reinforcement of steel sheet piles the safety factor value is 1.674, while when it rains it is moderate for 6 hours at 1,210, the slope is declared stable/safe because SF&gt;1.0

Experimental and Numerical Investigations on the Moment Capacity and Stability of Z‐shaped Steel Piles

AbstractHarbour structures like quay walls or construction pit walls in civil engineering are often built up with steel sheet piles. Aside of U‐steel sheet piles also Z‐shaped piles with interlocks are widely used in such structures. The pressure on costs and efficiency and the competition in this field lead to the necessity of increased efficiency in design. To benefit from the potentials in the bending moment capacity of semi‐compact Z‐shaped steel sheet piles forming the infills of combined walls, four‐point‐bending tests were carried out by the Institute of Structural Design at the Materials Testing Institute in Stuttgart in 2019. A FE‐model was validated by back‐calculating the tests, followed by an extensive parametric study (GMNIA) with different Z‐piles. Among others the different geometries, which lead to different b/t‐ratios and the steel grade were varied leading to a different compression flange slenderness. In addition, the lock state was varied to investigate the impact on the bending moment capacity as: Free lock rotation, crimped interlocks with different crimping densities and fully welded over the entire length. Three resistance models were investigated and evaluated for further development of Eurocode 3 Part 5. The FE model was simplified and further developed for stability analyses. This was followed by a parametric study aimed to investigate the stability of Z‐shaped steel sheet piles under axial loads.

Non-contact detection of degradation of in-service steel sheet piles due to buckling phenomena by using digital image analysis with Hough transform

Steel sheet pile materials are primarily used for canal structure construction for irrigation and drainage of agricultural fields in Japan. Recently, accelerated corrosion of steel materials and buckling phenomena in pitting corrosion parts have been detected in in-service steel sheet pile canals. In this study, we focus on the buckling phenomenon of in-service steel sheet pile canals, which is detected by non-contact monitoring using digital image analysis. The buckling phenomenon index is evaluated as the inclination angle of the steel sheet pile due to deformation. As a digital image analysis, Hough transform is applied, which is a figure detection method in digital images, to detect a straight line that describes the distance and angle parameters. The angle parameter corresponds to the inclination angle index of in-service steel sheet pile with a buckling phenomenon. As a result, the maximum difference between the analyzed angles by Hough transform and the measured angles is evaluated as 0.9° after the image rotation correction. The relation of the analyzed angles by Hough transform and the measured angles of the buckling phenomenon is correlated. Therefore, the degradation of steel sheet pile canals is quantitatively evaluated by using digital image analysis with unmanned aerial vehicle monitoring. This study’s significance is non-contact and simple measurement by using a digital image which can reduce a working time and perform quick diagnosis in extensive areas.

Lowering water level in an excavation for a multi-family residential building in urban development

The paper concerns lowering water level in excavations for residential buildings in a dense urban development. The construction and protection of excavation walls as well as the methods of lowering the water level and its impact on the surroundings were discussed. An excavation dewatering system is presented on the example of a multi-family residential building with one underground floor, built in dense urban development. The excavation executed in the sandy subsoil below the groundwater level and encased with walls made of steel sheet piles was analysed. Two concepts of lowering the water level in the excavation were considered: the first with use of a wellpoint system, the second with use of a well with pumps. The conducted calculations showed that when using a wellpoint system to lower the water level in the excavation for analysed multi-family residential building, a system consisting of 260 wellpoints with a spacing of 1.0 m should be made. The efficiency of a single wellpoint is 12.25 m3·d–1, and the efficiency of the entire installation is 3,185.69 m3·d–1. When draining the wells, a system consisting of 9 wells should be made, with a unit capacity of 375.58 m3·d–1 and efficiency of the total installation 3,380.22 m3·d–1.

Perencanaan Dinding Turap di Tepi Sungai Pada Tanah Lunak

Stability of soil on the riverbank necessary to considered towards landslide. Especially the location of soil in around it commonly have kinds the soft soil and over deformation. The large lateral earth pressure grant the influence to sheet pile stability. The face problem was embankment placed in riverbank on natural soil. It is potentially occur shear failure on embankment. Aim the study was design sheet pile to own bearing capacity in order to able withhold mainly lateral force. The source data from soil investigation report was SPT and analysis method based on soil properties, load design, lateral earth pressure, moment force. The result based on soil investigation obtained that almost 20 meters depth was soil to overly soft density. Depth of sheet pile was not reached rock soil because it mainly withhold lateral earth pressure. Therefore design of sheet pile planned to using steel sheet pile of Larssen profile 605K with length 12 m and driving depth 7 m along reinforcement to block anchor.

Determining the critical buckling load of locally stiffened U-shaped steel sheet pile using dynamic correlation coefficient method

U-Shaped Steel Sheet Piles (USSSP) have buckling and bending problems during construction. In this research, the structural measure of stiffened plates applied along the longitudinal direction of USSSP is analyzed and proposed. A theoretical calculation method of stiffening effect is proposed based on the dynamic correlation coefficient method and the formula for the critical buckling load of locally stiffened USSSP is derived. A parametric analysis of the number, width, and arrangement scheme of the stiffened plates on the USSSP with different lengths is examined. The empirical formula derived for the total stiffening area and the critical load of the axial compression members of the USSSP is compared with practical results from an engineering case study. The results show a quadratic function under the condition of arranging the different number of stiffened plates at equal intervals, which is accurate in deriving the critical load values USSSP after local stiffening, and provide a theoretical basis for the optimization design of local reinforcement of USSSP axial compression members in engineering projects.

Evaluation of Plate Thickness on Steel Sheet Pile Structure by Machine Learning of Digital Images

Evaluation of Plate Thickness on Steel Sheet Pile Structure by Machine Learning of Digital Images