Ukrainian State Research Articles

Psychophysiological reserves of the body as a basis for the formation of educational adaptation of higher education students

The article confirms the importance of studying the issue of forming the educational adaptation of students. It is shown that the functional indicators of the cardiovascular (adaptive potential of blood circulation) and nervous (level of situational and personal anxiety) systems are diagnostic markers of students' adaptation to the educational process. The assessment of psychophysiological reserves of the student’s organism (40 full-time students) was conducted on the basis of the Mykhailo Dragomanov Ukrainian State University. The anxiety level was carried out using the test of Ch.D. Spielberger - Yu.L. Khanin. The assessment of compensatory and adaptive mechanisms was carried out using the calculated criterion of the adaptive potential of the circulatory system (AP) proposed by R.M. Baievskyi. It is found that most first- and second-year students have a high level of anxiety, especially during the examination period, which is due to academic stress exacerbated by military events. Instead, the average group level of students' adaptive potential is satisfactory, characterized by sufficient functional capabilities of the body. The results of the study have identified the need for regular monitoring of the functional state of the cardiovascular and central nervous systems of first- and second-year students. It has been established that pedagogical measures aimed at improving the effectiveness of educational adaptation should include rationally organized physical activity. The importance of including the educational component “Physical Education” in the curriculum of training specialists regardless of specialty for 1st and 2nd year students in order to increase the functional capabilities of the body, prevent the development of chronic psycho-emotional stress, especially in martial law conditions, is substantiated.

Involvement of higher education students in rationally organized physical activity in martial law

The topicality of the problem is caused by the need to clarify the involvement of higher education students in rationally organized physical activity in martial law conditions. The purpose of the study is to investigate the involvement of higher education students in rationally organized physical activity in martial law. Material and methods: theoretical (analysis, comparison, generalization, systematization, theoretical modeling); sociological (questionnaires); methods of mathematical statistics. The study was conducted in Educational and Scientific Institute «Dnipro Institute of Infrastructure and Transport» of the Ukrainian State University of Science and Technology during September 2024 according to the thematic plan of the PDAFKiS researches for 2021- 2025 on the topic «Scientific substantiation of health and recreation technologies in physical education of different population groups» (state registration number 0121U108320). 150 second-year cadets took part at the research on the first stage. Results. Before the start of the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine, 103 people, which was 68.67% (66.02% of boys and 33.98% of girls), were systematically engaged in various types of physical activity. After the introduction of martial law, 79.33% of the respondents noted that they were currently trying to systematically engage in various types of physical activity. Conclusions. Based on the results of the study, an increase in the number of students who, under martial law, joined specially organized physical activity classes was established. It was determined that 52.67% of respondents believe that physical activity classes under martial law effectively affect the improvement of psycho-emotional state, character formation and resistance to adverse factors of martial law.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE SOVIET-COMMUNIST IDEOLOGICAL HERITAGE ON THE CIVILIZATIONAL CHOICE OF UKRAINE IN THE 1990 S

The article analyzes the influence of the Soviet-communist ideological legacy on the civilizational choice of Ukraine in the 1990s, a period when the country was undergoing transformation after gaining independence. The author considers how Soviet values, traditions and socio-economic models influenced the formation of new political and cultural identities. Key aspects are examined, in particular, the preservation of elements of the Soviet system in governance, economy and public life, as well as their impact on public consciousness. The preservation of elements of the Soviet system in the governance of Ukraine in the 1990s was a noticeable phenomenon that had a significant impact on thepolitical and socio-economic development of the country after gaining independence. Many former Soviet officials remained in their positions, which led to the preservation of old management practices. This included centralized management, bureaucracy and lack of transparency in decision-making.The article also focuses on the conflict between the desire for European integration and attempts to preserve Soviet traditions. In Ukraine, there was a constant conflict between the desire for European integration and attempts to preserve Soviet traditions. This conflict was manifested in political movements, social protests and the general discourse on national identity. The article highlights the challenges faced by the Ukrainian state in the process of forming a new identity, as well as the role of civil society in overcoming the legacy of the past. Civil society in Ukraine in the 1990s played an important role in overcoming the legacy of the Soviet past and shaping a new political, social andeconomic reality. Various cultural, educational and outreach organizations actively worked to popularize the Ukrainian language, culture and history. Thus, civil society in Ukraine in the 1990s became an important factor in overcoming the Soviet legacy, contributing to the development of democracy, human rights and social justice. His activity and influence left a noticeable mark on the formation of modernUkrainian statehood.In the 1990s, Ukraine was experiencing a period of profound transformations, accompanied by the search for a new identity after gaining independence. The role of culture in this process was extremely important, since it became one of the main tools for forming national consciousness and overcoming the ideological legacy of the Soviet past. An important aspect of the cultural process was the critical understanding of the Soviet legacy. Cultural figures began to speak openly about repression, censorship and other negative aspects of the Soviet period. This allowed society to realize the traumas of the past and begin to overcome them.Special attention was paid to the public space of Ukraine. The public space of Ukraine in the 1990s was the scene of significant changes and transformations, reflecting the political, social and cultural transformations in the country after gaining independence in 1991.The conclusions of the article emphasize the importance of awareness of the heritage of the past for the successful development of modern Ukraine and its European integration.

FORMATION OF NATIONAL IDENTITY IN TEACHING HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL DISCIPLINES IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

The article analyzes the main methods, forms, and means of teaching historical and cultural disciplines that contribute to the formation of national identity among Ukrainian higher education students. It has been found that a modern approach to teaching historical and cultural disciplines is the use of such effective forms of organizing learning as museum lectures and visualization lectures, independent work with sources by students, and the implementation of educational projects. It has been established that the teaching of historical and cultural disciplines plays an important role in shaping national identity. The effectiveness of this process depends on many factors, such as the competence of teachers, the use of innovative teaching methods, the availability of modern educational materials, as well as the involvement of students in research and community activities. The task of the teacher is to provide students with a comprehensive analysis of the historical and cultural heritage of the chosen period, highlighting the most productive moments in the intellectual development of humanity. This can be facilitated by working with sources of information about outstanding figures in Ukrainian history and culture who, at different times, contributed to the formation of a national state and the glorification of Ukraine in the world. The formation of Ukrainian identity among higher education students is also facilitated by debunking myths artificially created and actively promoted by Russian propaganda. Therefore, special attention in the educational process should be paid to combating fakes. The popularization of modern Ukrainian-language educational content in theteaching process is also of great importance. The conclusions of the study confirm that the teaching of historical and cultural disciplines is one of the most important tools for shaping national identity. By investing in the development of this area, we contribute to strengthening Ukrainian statehood and the formation of civil society. Based on the results obtained, a number of practical recommendations have been formulated to improve the process of teaching historical and cultural disciplines in Ukrainian higher education institutions. In particular, it is proposed to develop new curricula that take into account modern challenges and societal needs, as well as to create a system for monitoring the effectiveness of teaching historical and cultural disciplines.

ARCHITECTURAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL MONUMENT OF MEDIEVAL UKRAINE: SOPHIA OF KYIV

The world-famous architectural and archaeological monument of Ukraine of the 11th century. St. Sophia's Cathedral in Kyiv, which was built as the main metropolitan temple of Kyivan Rus' and today surprises with the elegance of forms, the perfection of construction techniques, and the high artistic level of paintings. The monument is the 1000th symbol of Ukrainian statehood, erected in the center of Kyiv as a spiritual, political and cultural center.In the language of architecture and painting, Sophia of Kyiv proclaimed a «manifesto» of the political independence of the Old Rus’ state, its national spirit and cultural tradition. The main shrine of Rus-Ukraine, where state agreements were signed, church councils were held, and Kyiv princes were enthroned. Meetings were held under the walls of the temple, issues of war and peace were resolved, agreements were concluded, the prince was «called» to the throne, government officials changed, etc. Such a tradition of the princely era regarding state administration has reached our times in the form of the people's legal system - the orange Maidan, the Revolution of Dignity, «No surrender!». The architecture of Sofia reflected the tastes and ideas of the nobility of that time. The frescoes are placedwith a certain intention, successfully conveying biblical motifs. Along with the portrait images of historical figures, there are frescoes of a domestic nature. The most interesting mural is the image of a large ensemble of musicians. This famous fresco was usually called «Skomorokhi». It depicts a large and highly professional ensemble of Byzantine musicians, which is the largest ensemble known from worksof medieval art.The main temple image of Hagia Sophia is the mosaic Our Lady of Oranta. This six-meter image is the largest in ancient Old Rus` art. Over the centuries, a belief was formed that «as long as Oranta stands, Kyiv will also stand», that is why it is called the Immovable Wall (Mother of God). The statesmanship traditions of the Ukrainian people are associated with her image. The importance of Sophia in the historical and everyday life of the Ukrainian people is huge, as can be seen from the large number of graffiti left on the frescoes by clerics and laymen. More than seven and a half thousand unofficial inscriptions and drawings from the 11th to the beginning of the 18th centuries were discoveredon its walls. What is important, the deciphering of the Sophia graffiti indisputably proves that for a thousand years Kyiv, the center of Ukraine-Rus`, has been speaking the Ukrainian language.

History of the Formation of Ethnic Minority Organisations at the Beginning of Ukraine's Independence

Ukraine's progress in European integration requires understanding the specifics of ethnic policy under current conditions. Therefore, the issue of historical retrospectives of the formation and activities of ethnic minority organizations in the early 1990s as one of the factors of state-building remains relevant. This study aims to analyze the historical context and peculiarities of the institutionalization of ethnic minority structures in Ukraine at the initial stage of the restoration of Ukrainian state independence. The research object is ethnic minority organizations, primarily those that focused their activities on national and cultural revival. The methodological framework includes the principles of historicism, tolerance, scientific impartiality, and impartiality. The formation of ethnic community organisations and the main vectors of their activities during the specified period have been traced in detail. Despite many common historical, cultural, and socio-political backgrounds, the formation of such organisations for different communities could have its peculiarities. For example, for Jewish organizations, the demographic issue was acute due to emigrant sentiments in the Jewish community. As for ethnic minorities like Hungarians and Romanians, they had close ties with their historical homelands. This fact also influenced their organizational structure in Ukraine. The Georgian minority built their organizations emphasizing cooperation between Ukraine and Georgia. Germans also sought to maintain ties with their historical homeland. For Poles, the religious factor was significant. Overall, in Ukraine, there were quite favorable conditions for the full development and activities of ethnic minorities despite the complex political and economic situation of the early 1990s. Nowadays, the issue of organizational development of ethnic communities is a matter of focus for state authorities both at the legislative level and at the level of local communities

Annotated review of the mammal fauna in the Chornobyl Biosphere Reserve as of 2023

The review of mammals recorded in the Chornobyl Radiation-Ecological Biosphere Reserve (established in 2016, covering 2273 of the 2600 km² area of the former exclusion zone) is carried out for the second time in the entire history of studies in the region. In addition to presenting a checklist of the local mammal fauna, the review details the changes that have taken place over the last 20 years. In total, 61 species have been recorded in the Reserve (compared to 49 in 2006), representing 7 orders and 19 families. Among them, 10–11 species are non-native, of which 5 were introduced in the last 25–70 years. The rest of the species are autochthonous. Nine species are considered to be phantom species, meaning that they are known from neighbouring areas but have not been found in the Reserve. Twenty-two species have protected status in Ukraine (Red Data Book of Ukraine, 2021), and 6 in Europe (IUCN Red List, 2024). The changes in the checklist of the Reserve’s mammal fauna have mainly resulted from more intense studies and using revised approaches. Research on bats alone has added nine species to the list of mammals. Additionally, feral domestic animals (cats, dogs, and cattle) have been included in the checklist as they have formed established wild populations. Only two species, the golden jackal and the European bison, arrived naturally in the Reserve for the first time. The abundance of most species shows significant long-term and seasonal fluctuations, influenced by climate change, disease, shifts in vegetation, wildfires, floods, intraspecies dynamics, and occasionally human activity. Certain species (lynx, Przewalski’s horse, and bear) continue to increase in number, while the red deer has shifted from being a non-abundant to a dominant species. At the same time, there is limited information on rare and conditionally non-abundant species as they often fall outside the scope of research due to the difficulty of their study. This consideration is not reasonable as those species constitute a substantial portion of the checklist, and many of them are protected species. Nevertheless, the current state of the mammal fauna demonstrates the positive impact of nature conservation and the stable development of autochthonous populations, reinforcing the view that the Chornobyl Radiation-Ecological Biosphere Reserve is a highly valuable wildlife sanctuary in both Ukraine and Europe.

Ukrainian Identity in the Context of Memory and Forgetting: Philosophical and Anthropological Analysis

Purpose. The main content of the presented study is a philosophical and anthropological analysis of the problem of memory in the context of the phenomenon of forgetting, the essential factors of establishing a new image of the Ukrainian person, his/her national memory and identity. This circumstance, in the situation of Ukraine’s defence against the Russian aggressor, upholding of freedoms and European values, poses the following tasks: 1) to undertake a consistent review of the conceptual content of the concepts of "memory" and "forgetting" and to identify their philosophical and anthropological content; 2) to analyse the phenomenon of national memory and show its significance for the struggle of the Ukrainian people for the European choice; 3) to study the main parameters of the process of forming a system of new values in the context of the phenomenon of forgetting in the discourse of philosophical anthropology. Theoretical basis. The complex and dynamic process of forming Ukrainian identity in the contexts of national memory and forgetting brings the system of life values to a new level of theoretical and methodological understanding. The philosophical and anthropological dimension of the values of a modern Ukrainian person allows us to engage the methodological discourses of memory studies, which are a way for people to construct their historical past in the perspective of creating a new future in the integrity of axiological, moral and existential content. The relevance of this problem is due to the crisis of worldview and cultural meanings of human existence in the context of war, the processes of which have a powerful impact on all aspects of social, political, and spiritual life, which ultimately leads to the need for a new type of communication, thinking, and behaviour. Originality. The study substantiates that the phenomenon of forgetting in the context of the formation of a new national memory largely determines the strategy of asserting Ukrainian identity in the context of modern civilizational challenges faced by Ukraine as a result of military aggression against its freedom and territorial integrity. This situation opens up new prospects for the formation of a civilizational system of values in interaction with a qualitatively different image of the Ukrainian person. Conclusions. Today, the Ukrainian state is facing an existential threat, which raises the problem of creating a new Ukrainian person whose worldview and system of values correspond to the image of a European person. Despite the serious problems that Ukraine has faced as a result of geopolitical contradictions on a global scale, philosophical and anthropological analysis has shown that the strategy of forming a new Ukrainian identity in the context of historical memory, which contains an element of forgetting, determines the process of creating a mentality that is consistent with the national strategy of entering Western civilisation. It is within the parameters of such an analysis that a new memory adequate to the needs of our time is formed.

VIDEO-BASED LEARNING IN THE DIGITAL AGE: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

The research is devoted to the study of the utmost issue of enhancing the digitalisation of modern education through video-based learning. On the basis of scientific and methodic literature review, legislation and statistics analysis, and observation of best practices the essential findings of the study have been done. The article deals with video as a learning tool. The etymology of the notion “video” is considered. The study reveals the evolution of video as an audiovisual aid in chronological order. The Ukrainian state policy aimed at video-based learning integration, support, and development is scrutinized. A review of a wide range of vivid educational resources (e.g., the English language curriculum, coursebook “Speakout”, the activity of All-Ukrainian Online School, scientific and pedagogical project “Intellect”, Center for Distance Learning Technologies of Kyiv Borys Hrinchenko University, online platforms Prometheus, EdEra, Diia.Education, application Leya AI) has been done to illustrate the role of video as a pivotal learning tool in the present day. To state the frequency, benefits, and challenges of video use, a questionnaire was designed. A survey was conducted among 67 people, including teenagers, youth, and adults. The findings have showcased the transformation of learning with the aid of video nowadays. The evolution of video has been traced by the development of techniques of its use from 1895 to 2024 including demonstration (e.g. motion pictures, silent movies), explanation (e.g. feature-length movies with sound and colour), engagement (e.g. television, live broadcast real-world scenarios), interaction (e.g. online videos), personalisation (e.g. AI tutors, streaming videos). The didactic value of video-based learning for personal, academic and professional knowledge, skills, and competencies enhancement has been presented in the article. The weaknesses and strengths of using videos for learning have been outlined by the author.

Developing a Sense of Community in the Activities of the University Library of Ukraine in Wartime (on the Example of the Scientific Library of USUST)

Objective. The authors believe that during the crisis of the highest level, associated with the threat to human life and health, the socio-cultural aspects of the activities of libraries of higher education institutions are important for different countries and require more detailed study. The purpose of the paper is to highlight the practices of developing a sense of community in the socio-cultural activities of a university library in Ukraine in wartime (on the example of the Scientific library of the Ukrainian State University of Science and Technologies). Methods. The article is based on self-reflection, direct experiences and crisis experience of the authors in organising and conducting library leisure activities for students at the Ukrainian State University of Science and Technologies (USUST) (Dnipro, Ukraine). The work uses a combination of research approaches and methods: to determine the state of development of the scientific problem, the author used a source search and analysis of relevant publications on the topic of the study; a comparative approach – to compare the similarities and differences in the main functions of university libraries in Ukraine and abroad; the method of observation – to determine the features of various library activities aimed at developing a sense of community among students. Results. The crisis experience of wartime librarians demonstrates the ability to quickly replace (despite narrow specialisation in peacetime) and unite colleagues, the ability to integrate cultural and social activities into a single process, simultaneous involvement in various types and forms of professional activities aimed at communities of students, teachers, researchers, and the public. The article presents a fairly wide landscape of leisure practices in the socio-cultural work of the university library of USUST in the frontline city of Dnipro, which allows students, teachers and their children to escape from the already everyday and familiar danger. Librarians help students to restore a sense of unity, cohesion, community, a sense of “I am not alone” and “together we are many”, even when they are often physically separated. Conclusions. Community has become a phenomenon that represents Ukrainian spirituality, humanity, dignity and resilience. The activities of university libraries aimed at developing community are especially important for those countries that are experiencing social and political transformations as a result of military conflicts.

Biobibliographic Indexes of Scholarly Publications as a Source of Information about the Biographies and Intellectual Heritage of Previous Generations of Scientists

Objective. Biobibliographic indexes of scientists’ scholarly publications who worked in a particular educational institution or research institute in the twentieth century are an important source of information about the intellectual heritage of previous generations of scholars. One of the main tasks of scientific library workers is to compile the indicated indexes. While performing such work, it is worth taking into account not only purely scientists’ scholarly publications but also materials from local periodicals. This will allow for a more voluminous imagination concerning the heritage of this or that scientist. It should be especially emphasizing the critically small number of Ukrainian-language scholarly publications in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (1922–1991), which was due to the state policy of linguicide. This is precisely the focus of the proposed article. Methods. During the processing of the information array, the authors used methods of content- and bibliographic analysis, and synthesis to separate relevant information from unnecessary (so-called information noise). Results. We analysed more than 75 thousand local periodicals of the Dnieper region for the period 1945–2020, which are in the Scientific Library of the Ukrainian State University of Science and Technologies and the Dnipropetrovsk Regional Scientific Library named after the First Slavic Teachers Cyril and Methodius, with the aim of in-depth study of the intellectual achievements of Academician Kirill Fedorovych Starodubov. The work was dedicated to the 120th anniversary of the scientist's birth, which fell on April 19, 2024. Conclusions. The versatility of Academician Starodubov's creative nature is evident in his heritage as a popularizer of science and an outstanding public figure with an indefatigable temperament. This is evidenced by about 520 sources that were included in the biobibliographic index of the scientist's works from 1928 to 2023. Moreover, a separate array of processed sources is the works of the academician's students and followers, in which they respectfully mention their teacher.

PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN THE CULTURAL AND CREATIVE INDUSTRIES SECTOR OF UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION PROCESSES

This article explores the implementation of public-private partnership (PPP) mechanisms within Ukraine’s cultural and creative industries (CCI) sector, especially in the context of European integration. It examines how European PPP models can be adapted to Ukrainian conditions, focusing on regulatory framework gaps and their impact on the effectiveness of PPPs in cultural projects. The study centers on applying the PPP model within Ukraine’s cultural sphere, aiming to propose methods for leveraging private investment and expertise in cultural preservation and development aligned with European Union standards. The research methodology includes comparative and system analyses of Ukraine’s PPP regulatory framework alongside successful European examples. It considers the unique aspects of PPPs in the cultural sector, where outcomes deliver economic but also social and cultural value. Findings indicate that European countries approach cultural PPPs through integrated, context-sensitive strategies, varying institutional support, and citizen involvement tailored to each nation’s social and economic landscape. Key insights highlight the importance of state policies supporting PPPs in Ukraine’s CCI sector, emphasizing frameworks involving civil society (such as the P4 model) and innovative financial tools like crowdfunding. The study suggests that adopting such mechanisms could help Ukraine attract private investment, foster sustainable community engagement, and strengthen cultural heritage preservation. The article’s recommendations for updating Ukraine’s PPP regulations offer practical implications for policymakers, cultural organizations, and private investors, establishing PPPs as essential for Ukraine’s post-war cultural and economic recovery. These findings contribute to cultural management by presenting a structured approach to PPPs in CCIs, integrating local and international experiences for sustainable, long-term cultural growth.

К вопросу об истоках украинского национализма и проблемах создания украинской государственности

The article focuses on aspects related to the origins of Ukrainian nationalism as well as the problems of Ukraine’s birth, which is extremely relevant in modern times. The authors studied a number of archival materials, monographs and articles of the Russian and foreign historians. Since the second half of the XIX century the issue of European political and ethnic history of nation-states has come to the forefront. The idea of an independent Ukraine, born in the heads of the Ruthenian intelligentsia by the Austrian government, was alien to the Russian Empire and, on the contrary, it was interested in annexing the Carpathian Rus’. After the World War I the borders of the new European states were determined not so much by the natural borders of ethnic residence of certain peoples, in particular modern Ukrainians, as by the diplomatic struggle between the great powers. The young Soviet state did not take part in this process at all. As a result, many disputed territories became the subject of political and geopolitical interests of great powers and newly established states. Despite the numerous problems discussed in the article, Ukraine eventually managed to create a separate state. The study results that the Soviet regime on the one hand and the Western powers on the other, by making concessions and encouraging nationalism in the new Ukrainian state, created virtually insoluble internal and external problems for both Ukraine and Russia.

Economic models of the formation of audiovisual projects in the creative industries of Ukraine in conditions of increased turbulence

The purpose of the article is to understand the main economic models of the formation of audiovisual projects in the creative industries of Ukraine in conditions of increased turbulence. The object of the research is audiovisual projects in the creative industries of Ukraine in conditions of increased turbulence. The subject of the study is the main economic models of the formation of audiovisual projects in the creative industries of Ukraine in conditions of increased turbulence. The methodology. The research is based on the functional approach proposed by K. Gendron. The study is based on the considerations of the authors (A. Alforov and Z. Alforova) regarding the complex morphology of the modern audiovisual sphere, in which audiovisual projects are part of the actual audiovisual creative industry. The ideas of S. Cunningham, R. Florida and his colleagues, J. Hawkins, S. Galloway and S. Dunlop and others were also used. The results. 1. The following economic models of the formation of audiovisual projects in the creative industries of Ukraine can be distinguished: the model of state financing and formation of projects; model of independent financing; studio financing model; model of partnership agreements and joint ventures; subscription and digital distribution model; model of marketing and sponsorship agreements; 2. In Ukraine, it is currently extremely difficult to use only one economic model for the formation of an audiovisual project; 3. Each stage, from concept to post-delivery and promotion of the project to the market, requires the selection of one or more of these models. Ukraine managed to preserve and develop the achievements of digitalization for production in creative industries at a distance, strengthening of international assistance for the development of creative industries and promotion of creative products to the world market; 4. The current extraordinary turbulence in our country requires creative industries to diversify economic models in the formation of audiovisual projects. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that that several dominant economic models of the modern formation of audiovisual projects in Ukraine are understood not only in the economic, but also in the art history context, since today the creative industries of our country are being reformatted in conditions of increased turbulence and are looking for appropriate ways of preserving the national audiovisual industry. The practical significance lies in the fact that the economic aspect of the development of the Ukrainian audiovisual sphere is still ignored in the domestic specialized art history literature. The material of the article may be of interest to producers, industry managers, scientists and everyone involved in the development of audiovisual projects in our country.

Ukraine's journey towards European integration: Successes and future outlook

A fundamental objective of Ukrainian state policy is the integration of the country's political, economic, and social structures with those of the European Union. This endeavour, referred to as European integration, constitutes a pivotal aspect of Ukraine's foreign policy. Since achieving independence in 1991, Ukraine has steadily progressed towards EU integration, with the aim of aligning its legislative and institutional frameworks with European standards. A landmark in this journey was the signing of the Association Agreement in 2014, which enabled Ukraine to establish a comprehensive free trade area with the EU and advance its reform agenda. This study aims to evaluate Ukraine's achievements and prospects in the European integration process. The research employs a systematic and comparative analysis of existing literature, drawing on historical and legal frameworks to identify key stages of Ukraine's European integration. Particular attention is given to the institutional adjustments required to align domestic legislation with EU standards, with a primary focus on economic reforms and their influence on the integration process, as well as the associated social transformations. The findings highlight that, despite notable progress, significant obstacles remain, including political instability, pervasive corruption, and external aggression from Russia, all of which hinder Ukraine's full integration into the EU. The practical significance of this study lies in its ability to inform recommendations for advancing Ukraine's European integration process. These recommendations have the potential to strengthen political and economic stability while improving the quality of life for the Ukrainian population.

International legal support of the principle of gender equality in labor relations

One of the complex problems that integrates the elements of all spheres of society’s life - political, social, economic, cultural and directly affects their development - is overcoming discrimination on any grounds, ensuring the principle of gender equality and developing an effective mechanism for its implementation. In our country today, as evidenced by international and national ratings, official statistics of Ukraine, there is a low level of ensuring the principle of gender equality. Therefore, ensuring the equality of women and men, including in labor relations, is one of the main issues of the formation of a modern democratic, social legal Ukrainian state. The purpose of the article is to analyze the international legal support of the principle of gender equality in labor relations. It is noted that the provisions on ensuring gender equality are contained in many international documents, the approval of which has become one of the key tasks in the activities of the UN, a number of other international institutions, which collectively each played an important role in the establishment of general norms of international law on ensuring the principle of gender equality both in general and in labor relations in particular. It is the norms of their documents that contain international legal standards that regulate the issue of ensuring gender equality, and are an example of the proper implementation and protection of the labor rights of women and men, as well as an indicator of effective methods of implementing these legal norms for our country. It is emphasized that international legal documents make it possible to understand the essence, content, structure and importance of gender equality as a key component of human rights, conditions for sustainable development, peace and security on the planet, and which must be followed by all states during the formation of domestic legislation. Therefore, Ukraine, having ratified the main international documents regarding the provision of equal rights and opportunities for men and women, determined for itself the provision of gender equality as an important component of further development and as one of the priorities of state policy.

Establishment and activity of the State Senate of the Ukrainian State in 1918

The article examines the process of formation and operation of the State Senate of the Ukrainian State in 1918 on the basis of archival materials. It is noted that at the initial stage of its activity, the highest judicial body of the Ukrainian State was the General Court, which was established during the period of the Central Rada. Skoropadskyi questioned the expediency of establishing the General Court and subsequently passed a law establishing the State Senate as the highest court in the judicial system of the Ukrainian State. The scope of the State Senate’s competence and the procedure for proceedings were largely regulated by the legislation of the former Russian Empire. The highest judicial body consisted of senators and the President of the Senate. The State Senate was divided into administrative, civil and criminal general courts. The law established qualification requirements for candidates for the position of senator, including a law degree and at least 15 years of work experience. Senators were prohibited from holding positions in the executive branch, but in practice there were cases of combining positions. They were allowed to engage in teaching activities. All senators and presidents of general courts were appointed by order of P. Skopopadskyi on the proposal of the Minister of Justice. If a criminal case was initiated against a senator, he was temporarily suspended from performing his duties. It was found that a significant number of former judges of the General Court were appointed to the State Senate. In general, the highest judicial body is staffed by qualified professionals. The language of official business documents in the State Senate was both Russian and Ukrainian. In some cases, office work was conducted in both languages in parallel. Sometimes only Russian was used. To ensure the successful functioning of the State Senate, the staff of the chancellery was approved. All documents of the State Senate were duly registered. The structure of the offices of the general courts was determined by temporary instructions approved by the prosecutors of the respective courts. Based on the analysis of archival materials, the author establishes the number of criminal, civil and administrative cases which were submitted to the State Senate and which were resolved.

Information system for assessing reliability a decoder remote piloting station

Under conditions of armed aggression by Russia against Ukraine, which escalated into a full-scale military invasion on February 24, 2022, national security is facing the greatest threat, as it is about destroying Ukrainian statehood. As experience in preparing and conducting intelligence operations by the Armed Forces of Ukraine during the large-scale invasion by the armed forces of the Russian Federation into your country has shown, using class I unmanned aerial vehicles has proven their effectiveness, which has raised issues of improving intelligence gathering with their help. A key role in the operations of a first-class unmanned aerial vehicle is played by a remote pilot station decoder. Quality operation of airborne reconnaissance assets depends on its efficiency. The article considers main reliability indicators of a human-machine system operator. The analysis results of the existing methods for controlling the humanmachine system operator, which shows that indicators of his performance are not measured, but are determined by monitoring his functional state with further evaluation of performance indicators. Based on results of the analysis, it was found that using fuzzy set theory and convolution according to a nonlinear trade-off scheme in tasks of evaluating efficiency of human-machine systems makes it possible to identify reliability status of a remote piloting station decoder in real time, taking into account human performance and equipment efficiency. The article develops an information system for assessing the reliability of a remote piloting station decoder based on a generalized mathematical model in the form of a multilevel hierarchical tree of logical inference that reflects classification of indicators and intermediate estimates. The roots of the trees correspond to evaluation results, and tops correspond to reliability indicators of a remote piloting point. This process is based on mathematical apparatus of fuzzy logic and is carried out using available expert information in form of logical rules "IF - THEN" that link fuzzy terms of remote piloting point reliability indicators and the assessment result. Reliability of the obtained data is achieved by forming a fuzzy knowledge base using fuzzy terms that take into account specifics of process obtaining intelligence information at remote piloting points.

Встановлення та юридичне оформлення кордонів Української РСР з сусідами – входження Криму до Української РСР

Abstract. This article is part of a series of 5 articles dedicated to the establishment of the borders of the Ukrainian SSR (and its legal continuation under the Union Constitution of 5 December 1936 of the Ukrainian SSR) with the neighbouring Soviet republics – the RSFSR, the Belorussian SSR (BSSR) and the Moldavian ASSR (Moldavian Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic; since 1936 – the Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic) and the latter's legal successor – the Moldavian SSR. The author points out that the issue of transferring Crimea to the Ukrainian SSR was primarily driven by economic considerations – the war-torn and ruined by the deportation of the indigenous population, waterless Crimea was "hung around the neck" (budget) of the Ukrainian SSR. The event was tacitly timed to coincide with the celebration of the 300th anniversary of Ukraine's "reunification" with Russia. The transfer of the territory was not subject to any expression of popular will (referendum), and the decision was made behind the scenes by the Presidiums of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and the two "fraternal republics". The thesis of contemporary Russian propaganda that Crimea was "given to Ukraine by a drunken Khrushchev", who at the time was not yet a top figure in the Soviet leadership, is also questionable. In any case, the transfer of Crimea to the Ukrainian SSR had full legal force, which is being actively disputed by Russian politicians and scholars of the post-Soviet period. It was within the framework of Ukrainian statehood that the multinational peninsula received autonomous status (within the Russian Federation it is now part of the Southern Federal District). The consideration of the issue is brought to the 2010s, without touching on the events of the so-called "Russian Spring" of 2014, which began with the occupation of Crimea by the regular Russian army and its proxies – "polite people". Attention is paid not only to the legal but also to the political and economic aspects of the peninsula's being part of the Ukrainian SSR and independent Ukraine. Keywords: borders of the Ukrainian SSR; modern borders of Ukraine; national question in the internal policy of the USSR.

Доступність як фактор участі громадськості у судочинстві

Abstract. Abstract: Court accessibility, as an element of the rule of law, plays a significant role in ensuring citizens' right to a fair trial. In modern conditions, it is necessary to analyze the main barriers that may limit public participation in the judiciary. It is argued that removing such barriers can encourage more active recourse to the courts for the protection of legitimate rights and interests, as well as increase public involvement in the judicial process, both through direct participation in court proceedings and through public oversight mechanisms. The creation of proper preconditions for the administration of justice is of exceptional importance in the establishment and development of modern democracies. It is crucial to build a court system that is effective and accessible to everyone who, by their own will (plaintiff, media representative) or by legal requirement (defendant, witness, expert), becomes a participant in the judicial process. Access to justice is an important guarantee of the law's effectiveness within the state. It is a significant step toward ensuring the inevitability of legal responsibility and the restoration of justice. At the same time, it is one of the conditions for the establishment of civil society, where every citizen is aware of themselves as a subject of law, capable of using the state's legal protection in cases prescribed by law. The accessibility of justice is an essential attribute of a rule-of-law state. At the same time, ensuring free access to justice is a global issue, as it exists in many countries around the world. We define fair, impartial, and accessible justice as one of the fundamental conditions for the democratic development of the Ukrainian state on its path to European integration. In studying the phenomenon of justice accessibility, we assess specific threats and challenges faced by Ukraine and the world in recent years. In our work, we present our own vision of vectors for the terminological development of certain legal concepts that are related to the realization of the individual's right to judicial protection, as established in the Constitution of Ukraine. Keywords: judiciary; public participation; right to judicial protection; access to justice; participation in the judicial process; judicial reform; democracy; European integration.