Inferential Statistical Tests Research Articles

Pengaruh Model Brain Based Learning Berbantuan E-Learning Terhadap Minat Belajar Peserta Didik

This study aims to determine the effect of the e-learning-assisted Brain Based Learning model on students' learning interest. Information obtained by the teacher regarding students' learning interests and the learning model applied in this study and the results, helps teachers to carry out learning interventions that suit the needs of students. This is the teacher's effort to guide students, in this case tutoring to be able to develop their potential optimally. In addition, it can encourage students to understand themselves and their learning environment, so that they are helped to optimize the learning outcomes achieved. The research design used was a quasi-experiment with a nonequivalent control group design. The purposive sampling technique was used to determine which research subjects were included, as many as 65 people, consisting of 31 students in the experimental group and 34 students in the control group. The instruments used were a questionnaire of interest in learning and an observation sheet of the implementation of the learning model. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests, namely through the t-test, the sig value was obtained. (2-tailed) smaller than 0.05 (0.000 <0.05), it can be concluded that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. Based on these results, it shows that there is a significant effect of the use of e-learning assisted brain-based learning models on student's physical learning interests.

The Effect of Limb Massage on Arterial Blood Oxygen Saturation and Body Temperature Changes in Patients Undergoing Surgery

Background: The use of massage as a safe method to control and manage complications after major surgery is recommended. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of this method on arterial blood oxygen saturation and temperature changes in patients after abdominal and thoracic surgery. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 60 patients undergoing surgery in Shahrekord city in 2019. They were enrolled in the study by convenience sampling and assigned to the intervention and control groups by the blocking method. In the intervention group, a hand and foot massage was performed at 5-minute intervals for 4 sessions on each patient's limb 3 times a day. The control group received routine care. Data were collected by a demographic questionnaire, pulse-oximetry, and thermometer. They were analyzed using SPSS version 16 and descriptive and inferential statistical tests (t-test, paired t-test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA)). Results: The mean arterial blood oxygen saturation in the groups after the intervention did not show a significant difference compared to before (P = 0.95), but its mean was significantly higher in the intervention group after the intervention than before (P < 0.001). The mean temperature in the 2 groups after the intervention did not show a significant difference compared to before (P = 0.38), but the changes in the mean were significant in the massage group after the intervention compared to before (P = 0.019). Conclusions: The hand and foot massage can be used by nurses along with the required medical care to improve arterial blood oxygen saturation and reduce body temperature. Further research in this area is suggested.

Pengaruh Literasi Numerasi Terhadap Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematik Siswa Melalui Pendekatan Saintifik Kelas V SD Negeri 0507 Latong

Numeracy literacy is the ability to solve mathematical problems using various types of numbers and symbols practically. Students of SD Negeri 0507 Latong have problems understanding the story problems in the numeracy literacy assessment section, so they need a solution. This study aims to determine the effect of numeracy literacy on students' mathematical communication skills through a scientific approach grade V SD Negeri 0507 Latong. The subjects in this study were class V as many as 37 students with a simple random sampling technique. Data collected using test instruments are then processed with descriptive statistical data analysis techniques and inferential statistical analysis tests. The results of the descriptive analysis showed that the results of the values were normally distributed with the acquisition of the average value of the variable (X) which was 82.97 which was in the medium category and the acquisition of the average value of the variable (Y) 88.11 which was in the medium category. The results of inferential analysis on testing significant data using SPSS found that there was an influence of numeracy literacy on the mathematical communication skills of Class V students of SD Negeri 0507 Latong, Lubuk Barumun District, Padang Lawas Regency

The Relationship Between Safe Nursing Care and Professional Commitment of Nurses in Iranian Educational-Therapeutic Hospitals

Background: Safe nursing care and professional commitment are known as two important components influencing the nursing service quality. Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the relationship between safe nursing care and nurses’ professional commitment. Methods: In the present cross-sectional correlational research, 263 nurses were selected from the intensive care unit/cardiac care unit (ICU/CCU), internal, surgery, pediatrics, gynecology and obstetrics, oncology, burn, orthopedics, infectious, and neurology wards of educational-therapeutic hospitals affiliated with Qazvin University of Medical Sciences by quota sampling method between May 2022 and September 2022. Data collection was performed using the nurses’ professional commitment scale (NPCS) and the assessment of safe nursing care (ASNC) questionnaire. Nurses were selected using a convenience sampling method. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests (t-test, Pearson’s correlation, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)) by SPSS software version 16. Results: The mean scores of nurses’ professional commitment and safe nursing care were 86.16 ± 4.92 and 134.57 ± 16.15, respectively. Pearson’s correlation test showed a significant relationship between nurses’ professional commitment and safe nursing care (r = 0.345, P ≤ 0.001). Also, the test results indicated that the level of nurses’ professional commitment varied among individuals with different employment types (P = 0.008). Conclusions: According to this study, safe nursing care and nurses’ professional commitment are two important components influencing each other. Therefore, these results have important implications for policymakers and healthcare systems involved in promoting the level of safe nursing care and nurses’ professional commitment.

Connection Between Dust Mite Number And Abiotic Factors In Boarding House Dust

Dust mites are insects that have a wide range and can cause a variety of allergy illnesses. The existence of mites in an environment can be affected by abiotic factors that espouse the growth of the mites. This research aims to analyze the connection between dust mite number and abiotic factors of boarding house dust. This research was descriptive. The research was conducted in Dau District, Malang Regency, using an analysis unit of student boarding houses and their residents (students) from 2018/2019 to 2019/2020. The research population consisted of student boarding houses that had been recognized as having disruptions due to exposure to house dust. The UMM Biology Laboratory was used to obtain research data. Inferential statistical tests with SPSS 21 software were employed as part of the analysis technique. The results of this research indicate that room temperature, humidity, light intensity, wind speed, dry matter, ash content, protein content, crude fat, and crude fiber are abiotic factors that influence the TDR (House Dust Mites) population in boarding houses. Humidity is one of the abiotic factors that influence the existence of TDR among all the abiotic factors that influence the existence of TDR. The findings of this research can be utilized as a source of information for the general public, particularly students, to always pay attention to the cleanliness of their surroundings so that it does not become a medium for developing TDR and reducing the TDR population

Relationship marketing as an innovative strategy for customer loyalty in customized arrangements companies

Over the years, the use of relationship marketing has been linked to customer loyalty so that companies can reach their customers in an innovative and effective way; knowing first the market, their customers and the products or services they offer. Likewise, achieving a great customer-company bond, for this reason the main objective of the research is to determine if there is a significant relationship between relationship marketing with the process of customer loyalty in custom arrangements companies, the study has a quantitative design, cross-sectional and correlational type, a survey was developed to 380 people with probabilistic sampling, the population was defined for men and women in Lima, the capital of Peru, The dimensions recognized were customer retention, communication, endomarketing, customer experience, information and internal marketing. The results showed that the location of these companies is of utmost importance for customers, and that customers in this area are very demanding in their requirements; on the other hand, a large percentage agreed with the services offered in these businesses since a good relationship is established between customers and employees. Finally, customers indicated that there is post-purchase follow-up and that the company has well-trained workers. In conclusion, it was obtained that most of the customers like to buy in this type of personalized arrangements stores and that they like to receive advice, the statistical inference tests also conclude that there is a significant relationship between relationship marketing and customer loyalty, thus verifying the hypothesis raised in the research.

51 Listening to the voice of nursing home residents and their family members; insights from the National Nursing Home Experience Survey

Abstract Background Nursing homes are the primary provider of long-term residential care for over 30,000 older people in Ireland. The first ever National Nursing Home Experience Survey was conducted in 2022 to gather feedback from residents and their relatives or friends on their experiences of nursing homes in order to improve the care provided while also informing regulation and national and local policies. Methods The survey sample comprised 53 nursing homes, representative of the national profile of nursing homes by size, location and ownership. Two questionnaires were developed through engagement with key stakeholders; a resident questionnaire, containing 54 questions, administered through face-to-face interviews and a relative or friend questionnaire, containing 49 questions, administered by post. Topics included moving into the nursing home, person-centred care, involvement in decision-making and care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Descriptive and inferential statistical tests were used to analyse quantitative responses, and framework analysis was used to analyse responses to open-ended questions. Results 718 residents (68% of those invited) and 943 relatives or friends (59.7%) participated. Most residents and relatives said they had a good or very good overall experience with the nursing home. Both groups were particularly positive about the living environment and the staff and caregivers. However, some areas were identified that needed improvement including, resident involvement in decision-making, the food served and having a staff member who residents could talk to about their concerns. Participants also talked about the quality of care during the COVID-19 pandemic, how they coped with visiting restrictions and the overall impact of the pandemic on their experience in the nursing home. Conclusion Prior to the National Nursing Home Experience Survey, there was no standardised measure of nursing home care experience in Ireland. The findings of this survey are being used to improve nursing home care in the future while also informing regulation and policy-making.

Perbandingan Model Pembelajaran Discovery Learning dan Model Pembelajaran Langsung terhadap Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Kelas X P.Mia SMA Negeri 1 Parangloe (Studi Pada Materi Pokok Ikatan Kimia)

The research was a quasi-experimental that aimed to know the difference discovery learning and direct learning of student’s achievement in class X P.Mia Senior High School 1 Parangloe. The study design used is posttest only control group design. The population was class X P.Mia Senior High School 1 Parangloe which consisted of 102 students from three classes. The class selected as a sample was class X P.Mia 2 which consisted of 35 students as an experimental 1 class and class X P.Mia 1 which consisted of 31 students as an experimental 2 class. Experimental 1 class taught using discovery learning whereas experimental 2 class taught using direct learning. The independent variable in this research was discovery learning and direct learning, whereas the dependent variable was student’s achievement. Data collection technique was obtained that giving test the student’s achievement for posttest. Results of inferential statistical analysis prerequisite test showed that the data were not normally distributed. Testing the hypothesis with Mann Whitney test conducted by α = 0,05 were Zcalculated= 2,155 > Ztable = 1,96. Conclude that there are difference of discovery learning and direct learning of student’s achievement in class X P.Mia Senior High School 1 Parangloe in.

Effectiveness of Video-Assisted Distraction Technique in Reduction of Pain Among Preschool Children Undergoing Vein Puncture

Introduction: Vein puncture is an invasive but common procedure for children, often accompanied by pain, fear and anxiety and refuse to cooperate. Distraction technique is one of the non-pharmacological methods of controlling pain. The objective of this study was to find the effectiveness of video assisted distraction technique in reduction of pain among preschooler children.
 Methods: Quasi experimental study was conducted in Bharatpur Hospital, Chitwan, Nepal. 108 preschooler children consisting of 54 children in each experimental and control group selected by non-probability purposive sampling technique were enrolled in the study. Structured pain scale was used to collect data in both groups. Animated cartoon video was shown only to experimental group five minutes prior to until the vein puncture was over. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and inferential statistical tests.
 Results: In experimental group, 59.2% had moderate pain whereas 68.5% in control group had severe pain. The pain score of experimental group was significantly lower than that of control group at p = 0.05 with the mean value of experimental and control group 6.85 ± 0.79 and 7.25 ± 0.87 respectively.
 Conclusions: Distraction is an effective technique for children undergoing vein puncture in order to alleviate pain level during vein puncture

Functional status, social support, and anxiety among postnatal women of Eastern India

IntroductionThough becoming a mother is a joyous experience, the postpartum time can be difficult and stressful for women as they deal with significant physical alterations and adjustments to their daily routines. However, very few studies have focused on the functional well-being of the woman after childbirth. This study aims to find the level of functional status, social support, and anxiety among women attending immunization clinics. MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional research design was adopted to recruit 220 women in this study from two immunization clinic centers in Bhubaneswar, Odisha. Data were collected using a self-reported sociodemographic profile, functional level scale after childbirth, modified multidimensional scale of perceived social support, and postnatal anxiety scale. Descriptive and inferential statistical tests were used for data analysis, including mean, percentage, and Fisher exact. Results59.5 % of women returned to a moderate level of functional status after six weeks postpartum. The majority of women, 98.6 % and 83.6 %, reported high levels of return to personal care and baby care, respectively, whereas 34.7 % had moderate levels of return to home activities and 90 % had low levels of return to community and social tasks. Also, 70 % of women had high perceived social support, and 87.7 % had no anxiety. In this study, normal delivery women had better functional status than their cesarean delivery counterparts. Moreover, functional status was significantly associated with anxiety at six postpartum weeks. ConclusionAfter six weeks of childbirth, most women only partially resumed their pre-pregnancy functional state. So, much more time, rest, and support from family members were needed to recover to a fully functional level. Nurses, midwives, and the family members of women should be aware of the critical role that social support plays in enhancing a woman's functional and psychological status during the postpartum period.

Teachers' Attitudes on the Importance of Moral Education in the Curriculum and Programs in Preschool Institutions

The main goal of this research was to determine the attitudes of educators about the importance and representation of moral education in the contents of the curriculum and work program of modern preschool institutions. Moral development and the formation of moral values take place in the process of continuous interaction with the social environment in which adults (parents, educators), school and peers, and more recently, mass communication media, act. The research sample consisted of 87 teachers from two preschool institutions from Novi Pazar, gender imbalanced, with the majority of the female population (85 teachers), of different ages and years of service. Among the instruments used was the scale of teachers' attitudes about moral education, which was formed for this research. As for statistical tests, a reliability test was applied, which confirmed that the scale is highly reliable and homogeneous, as well as tests of descriptive statistics and statistical inference - Chi-square test. Based on the results, the main conclusion is that moral education is recognized by the majority of educators as important and present in the contents of the curriculum in work with preschool children, while on the other hand, there is also a gap between the proposed activities in the contents and their application due to the current crises in the educational process.

Missed Nursing Care, the Related Organizational Factors, and Strategies for Decreasing it from the Viewpoints of Nurses in University-Affiliated Hospitals of Birjand in 2019-2020.

For many reasons, some care services may be missed. This study was conducted to investigate missed care, the related factors, and solution for decreasing them. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed on 122 nurses. A multi-part tool was used to gather information, which included demographic information, the Missing Nursing Care and Related Organizational Factors, and Missed Nursing Care Reduction Strategies Questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistical tests including ANOVA, independent t-test, and the Pearson correlation were used. The mean score (SD) of the Missing Nursing Care Questionnaire was 82.04 (8.50); thus, the amount of missed nursing care is very high. Additionally, the mean score (SD) of the Organizational Factors Questionnaire related to it was 30.98 (9.35). Considering the maximum score of the questionnaire (80), the role of organizational factors in the incidence of missing nursing care is relatively moderate. There was also a weak and inverse correlation between organizational factors and missed nursing care (r = -0.30, p < 0.01, df = 120). Based on the results, increasing the number of nurses and their level of knowledge has the greatest 67.21 (%) and least 34.42 (%) impact on reducing the incidence of missed nursing care. According to the results, the prevalence of missed nursing care was high. However, the contribution of organizational factors to it is relatively little. This suggests that from the perspective of nurses, factors other than organizational factors related to the workplace can lead to missing care.

A review of the glacial environment arthropod trace fossilsUmfoloziaandWarvichniumwith the description of new ichnotaxa

AbstractTrace fossils are important records of the presence and behaviour of animals in the past, especially in deposits where few body fossils are preserved. They tend to provide the main palaeobiological record for past glacial environments, and are thus very important for understanding the ecology of these palaeoenvironments. Two ichnogenera are common in glacial sediments:UmfoloziaandWarvichnium. BothUmfoloziaandWarvichniumare attributed to arthropods; the former occurs across the Late Palaeozoic Ice Age (LPIA) and the latter occurs during both the LPIA and the Quaternary glacial event. Here, we review the stratigraphic record, ichnotaxonomy, palaeoecology, palaeoenvironments and possible tracemakers of these two ichnogenera. In addition to assessing morphological ichnotaxobases, we use multivariate morphometric analysis and inferential statistical tests to support our ichnotaxonomic revisions. The diagnosis ofUmfoloziais revised, with the description of a new ichnospecies,Umfolozia terere, and the emendation ofUmfolozia riojana(formerlyUmfolozia longula). We revisedWarvichnium, maintaining the originalWarvichnium ulbrichiand allocating two morphologies to the ichnogenusIrichnus:Irichnus saltatoriusandI. paripinnatusisp. nov. These trace fossils record several behaviours, and have implications for palaeoenvironmental interpretations and the evolution of invertebrate ecosystems. UsingUmfoloziaandWarvichniumas case studies, we demonstrate the application of morphometric analysis in ichnotaxonomy and highlight this as a tool that may be applied to other trace‐fossil groups.

Comments on: Statistical inference and large-scale multiple testing for high-dimensional regression models

Comments on: Statistical inference and large-scale multiple testing for high-dimensional regression models

Study of Students' Interests and Attitudes in Science: SMP and Madrasah Tsanawiyah

Interests and attitudes play an important role in the development of students in the learning process, so research is needed to discuss these two variables. This study aims to analyze the relationship between students' interests and attitudes and to find out the differences in students' interests and attitudes in two schools at the secondary school level. This research method uses quantitative research with survey research procedures. The data collection technique in this study used an interest and attitude questionnaire instrument that an expert validator had validated. The data analysis technique used in this research is descriptive statistical analysis test and inferential statistical analysis test. The sampling technique is random sampling. The total number of samples is 152 samples. The research results show a relationship between the interests and attitudes of students at SMPN. There is a relationship between the interests and attitudes of students at MTsN, and there are differences in the interests and attitudes of students at SMPN and MTsN. It was concluded that students' interests and attitudes were interconnected in the two schools, and there were differences in students' interests and attitudes between public schools and madrasah-based schools.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices regarding Obesity among Population of Urban (Douala) and Rural (Manjo) Areas in Cameroon.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) studies have recently been suggested as a useful tool to understand the specificity of the population related to a disease. However, in Cameroon, there is a lack of information based on KAP studies regarding obesity. This study has been designed to collect basic indicators on the KAP of the populations regarding overweight and obesity in urban and rural areas in Cameroon (Douala and Manjo). For this purpose, an epidemiological community-based cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in these two areas using a well-structured questionnaire. Sociodemographic and medical characteristics and KAP information were assessed. For the quantification of KAP, a score varying from 0 (poor knowledge, attitude, or practices) to 100 (good knowledge, attitude, or practices) was attributed for each question. Correlations between knowledge, attitude, and practice were determined using inferential statistics tests which were χ2 test, independent Student t-test, ANOVA (followed by Tukey's post hoc test), and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results reveal that living in a rural area (Manjo), being overweight or obese, having complete secondary education, and being married increase the knowledge and the practice score. There is a strong and positive correlation between knowledge and practice score. However, there is no association between attitude and practice and between attitude and knowledge. Reducing the disparities between knowledge, attitude, and practices constitutes a serious track in a holistic strategy for the management of obesity in these areas.

Impact of Leadership Styles on Employee Performance in Micro-Finance Banking Sector: Evidence from Pakistan

This study uses an empirical approach to examine the relationship between different Leadership styles and employee Performance in the microfinance banking sector. Here, we look at how seven distinct leadership styles (autocratic, democratic, laissez-faire, transformational, transactional, charismatic, servant, and situational leadership) affect employee performance in the workplace. With this information, executives can make better decisions that will help their organizations advance. The study is cross-sectional, meaning that data was collected at a particular, predefined point in time. Eleven microfinance institutions are spread out over Pakistan; from those, 192 participants are selected randomly to participate in the study. Data is collected through a self-administered questionnaire. Data are subjected to correlation and regression analysis and other descriptive and inferential statistical tests using IBM SPSS and Smart PLS 4. According to the results, CEOs in the microfinance banking sector would do well to embrace a situational leadership style like charismatic, democratic, servant, or transformational leadership. Employee leadership, Performance, workplace satisfaction, and organizational loyalty all improve when managers adopt these practices. However, research finds no correlation between autocratic, laissez-faire, or transactional leadership and employee performance, suggesting that these styles may be less successful at motivating employees. However, all other leadership styles benefit every organization in improving employee performance, especially in the banking sector.

Investigating the outcomes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and factors affecting it: A cross-sectional study at Dr. Moaven Hospital, Sahneh City from 2014 to 2021.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is referred to an attempt to maintain the respiratory system and blood circulation active to oxygenate the body's important organs until the heart and blood circulation system return to normal. CPR results are influenced by a variety of circumstances and factors. The purpose of this study was to look into the outcomes of CPR and the factors that influence them at the Dr. Moaven Hospital in Sahneh. This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out retrospectively from the start of 2014 to the start of 2021. Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences provides hospitals with a two-page form for data collection. After entering the data into SPSS24, descriptive and inferential statistical tests were applied to analyze the results. Out of 497 patients who referred to Dr. Moaven Hospital in Sahne City, 280 were men and 217 were women, with a resuscitation success rate of 22.5% in men and 23.5% in women. CPR was conducted on 63.2% of patients in the emergency department, with 22.2% of them having successful CPR. The existence of the underlying disease had a statistically significant link with the outcomes of CPR (p = 0.007). The most prevalent cause for visit was cardiorespiratory arrest (30.6%), and there was no statistically significant difference between the diagnostic and reason for visit and the outcome of resuscitation, according to the χ 2 test. According to the findings of this study, increasing age and duration of CPR, the existence of underlying diseases, and the absence of shockable rhythms all reduce the likelihood of success in CPR.

Non-face-to-face care management and service utilization in patients with diabetes.

In 2015, CMS implemented reimbursement for non-face-to-face chronic care management (NFFCCM) for beneficiaries with multiple chronic conditions, including diabetes. This analysis estimated the association between NFFCCM and utilization of inpatient, outpatient, and emergency services. We implemented a doubly robust estimator using propensity score matching in a regression context to compare eligible patients who used NFFCCM (n = 282) with eligible patients who did not use NFFCCM (n = 26,759). We tested 4 definitions of treatment: having any NFFCCM encounters and having 1 NFFCCM encounter per month, per 2 months, and per 3 months. Two-tailed statistical inference testing was conducted at the 5% level. We examined the utilization differences among patients with diabetes 65 years and older using merged electronic health records for 4 health systems in Louisiana from the Research Action for Health Network database in 2013 through 2018. We found NFFCCM was associated with increased utilization of care in the outpatient setting by 0.056 visits per month (95% CI, 0.027-0.086) and with lower utilization in the inpatient setting (-0.024 visits per month; 95% CI, -0.038 to -0.010) and in the emergency department setting (-0.017 visits per month; 95% CI, -0.031 to -0.003). Alternative specifications of treatment showed similar associations. CMS implementation of reimbursement codes for NFFCCM, and subsequent utilization of that reimbursement by health systems, was associated with a shift in patient utilization from high-cost settings (inpatient and emergency department) to a lower-cost setting (outpatient office).

STEAM PADA MODEL PjBL DAN HASIL BELAJAR KOLOID PESERTA DIDIK

Chemistry learning at SMA Negeri 7 Takalar is still dominated by ordinary cooperative learning. Students still have difficulty understanding colloid lessons where the material is conceptual and requires the application of concepts contextually. Therefore it is very important to do learning that involves students actively applying colloid theory and concepts through the STEAM approach to the Project Based Learning (PjBL) learning model. This research is a quasi-experimental research which aims to determine the learning outcomes of Colloid Students after learning with the STEAM approach in the PjBL Model Class XI MIPA SMA Negeri 7 Takalar. The research design was posttest only control group design. The population is all students of class XI MIPA SMA Negeri 7 Takalar which consists of three classes. The research samples for Class XI MIPA 2 and Class XI MIPA 3 as the experimental and control groups were randomly selected. The results of the descriptive analysis show that the average learning outcomes of the experimental class are higher than the control class. The results of the inferential statistical test showed that the learning outcomes of students using the t test at a value of α = 0.05 obtained tcount &gt; ttable (2.83 &gt; 1.99). The results of data analysis from hypothesis testing stated that the STEAM approach to the Project Based Learning Model had a significant influence on the colloidal learning outcomes of Class XI MIPA Students at SMA Negeri 7 Takalar