Inferential Statistical Tests Research Articles

Assessment of Nutritional Status and Energy Availability of Indian Boxers.

Inadequate dietary intake and low energy availability (LEA) negatively impact athlete's health, recovery, and performance outcomes. Currently, there is no Indian study that assessed the energy availability (EA) of Indian boxers and studied the contributing factors to LEA. This study was undertaken with the objectives of assessing the EA of Indian boxers (lightweight category) and correlating it with contributing factors such as anthropometric measurements, body composition, dietary intake, nutrient intake, and exercise energy expenditure. This descriptive cross-sectional study recruited 30 state-level boxers of the lightweight category (females: nine) residing in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, using purposive sampling. Body composition was assessed using a body composition monitor. Anthropometric measurements were assessed using standard methods. Three-day exercise energy expenditure was calculated. Three-day dietary intake was assessed, which included two training days and one rest day using the three-day multiple-pass method. Dietary intake assessment included intake of all the meals, snacks, sports foods, sports, and dietary supplements. EA was calculated and participants were classified as moderate EA (30-45 kcal/kg FFM/day) and low EA (< 30 kcal/kg FFM/day). Descriptive and inferential statistical tests were conducted using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS, version 23; IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Armonk, NY). Male boxers had a mean age of 18.43±0.93 years, and females had a mean age of 18.44±0.88 years. Among boxers, 36.67% (n=11) of participants were underweight, 46.67% (n=14) had a normal BMI, and 16.67% (n=5) were overweight. The mean body fat (%) for boxers was 13.11±1.8. Participants had insufficient consumption of different food groups before and after the energy intake adjustment. Processed packaged food consumption was popular among the participants. Various kinds of sports foods and supplements were consumed by a few athletes. Dietary supplements were not common among participants. The nutrient intake of the participants was inadequate. Participants could not fulfill energy/kg/day, carbohydrate/kg/day, protein/kg/day, and fat/kg/day requirements by 29%, 36.2%, 34.8%, and 23.9%, respectively. Iron and calcium intake was inadequate among female participants by 1.4% and 12.8%, respectively. Among male boxers, the mean EA was 29.71±3.74 kcal/kg FFM/day, and the mean EA of female boxers was 28.3±3.95 kcal/kg FFM/day. Around 66.67% of boxers in the present study had LEA, while the rest had reduced EA. EA had a moderately significant inverse relationship with fat-free mass (%). Energy intake was significantly related to EA and total body muscle % significantly moderated that relationship. The influence of fat-free mass (%), EEE (kcal), and energy intake (kcal)on the EA (kcal/kg FFM/day) was significant usingmultiplelinear regression analysis. The majority of the participants could not meet the food intake and nutrient recommendations. The majority of the participants had LEA. The higher the energy and nutrient intake, the higher the EA in the present study. EA had a moderately significant inverse relationship with fat-free mass (%) and exercise energy expenditure.

Assessment of Quality of Life in Patients With End-Stage Kidney Disease on Maintenance Hemodialysis Using the Missoula-Vitas Quality of Life Index.

This study aimed to evaluate the quality of life (QoL) in end-stage kidney disease (ESRD) patients on maintenance hemodialysis through the Missoula-Vitas Quality of Life Index-15 (MVQOLI-15) to identify factors affecting their well-being. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Dialysis Unit of the Nephrology Department, Nishtar Hospital Multan. Over six months, 140 eligible patients were enrolled using non-probability consecutive sampling. Participants aged 18-80 yearson maintenance hemodialysis for at least six monthswere evaluated using the MVQOLI-15questionnaire assessing symptoms, function, interpersonal, well-being, and transcendence dimensions of QoL. Data were analyzed using theIBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26 (Released 2019; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York). Inferential statistical tests, including the t-test for comparing two groups and analysis of variance (ANOVA) for comparing multiple groups, were utilized to determine the significance of differences in QoL scores among different demographic and clinical categories. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The study analyzed 140 hemodialysis patients, with a mean age of 52.41 ± 16.31 years and an average hemodialysis duration of 4.55 ± 2.46 years. Most participants were aged 61-80 years (35.7%), had secondary education (44.3%), and were married (67.1%). QoLscores, measured using the MVQOLI, indicated mean values for symptoms at 4.51 ± 10.71, function at 5.77 ± 8.04, interpersonal at 7.49 ± 13.67, well-being at -13.60 ± 7.11, transcendence at 8.24 ± 13.12, and a total score of 16.24 ± 2.75. Significant findings include the following: females had higher symptomscores (p=0.001) and lower well-being scores (p=0.000); younger patients (<30 years) had higher function scores (p=0.054); patients on hemodialysis three times per week had higher function scores (p=0.006); patients taking 1 to 3 pills per day had higher transcendence scores (p=0.000); unmarried patients had higher symptoms scores (p=0.064) and lower well-being scores (p=0.004); and illiterate patients had higher symptoms (p=0.005) and transcendence scores (p=0.034). In total score, patients on hemodialysis once per week reported significantly better scores (p=0.011). This study highlights varied QoL experiences among hemodialysis patients, with transcendence scoring the highest and well-being, the lowest. Demographic factors such as age, gender, and education level significantly impact the QoL dimensions. Understanding these findings can guide personalized interventions to improve the well-being of hemodialysis patients.

Knowledge and acceptance of artificial intelligence and its applications among the physicians working in military medical centers affiliated with Aja University: A cross-sectional study.

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in medical sciences promises many benefits. Applying the benefits of this science in developing countries is still in the development stage. This important point depends considerably on the knowledge and acceptance levels of physicians. This study was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study that was conducted on 169 medical doctors using a purposive sampling method. To collect data, questionnaires were used to obtain demographic characteristics, a questionnaire to investigate the knowledge of AI and its applications, and an acceptability questionnaire to investigate AI. For data analysis, SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 22 and appropriate descriptive and inferential statistical tests were used, and a significance level of < 0.05 was considered. Most of the participants (102) were male (60.4%), married (144) (85.20%), had specialized doctorate education (97) (57.4%), and had average work experience of 10.78 ± 6.67 years. The mean and standard deviation of knowledge about AI were 9.54 ± 3.04, and acceptability was 81.64 ± 13.83. Multiple linear regressions showed that work history (P = 0.017) and history of participation in AI training courses (P = 0.007) are effective in knowledge and acceptability of AI. The knowledge and acceptability of the use of AI among the studied physicians were at an average level. However, due to the importance of using AI in medical sciences and the inevitable use of this technology in the near future, especially in medical sciences in crisis, war, and military conditions, it is necessary for the policymakers of the health system to improve the knowledge and methods of working with this technology in the medical staff in addition to providing the infrastructure.

Climate change effect on the characteristics of raw domestic wastewater, sedimentation pond water, and treated wastewater

The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of climate change on the characteristics of raw domestic wastewater, sedimentation pond water, and treated wastewater. The wastewater samples were collected from Khirbet Assamra wastewater treatment plant (KSWTP) in Azzarga Governorate in the Middle Region of Jordan. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistical tests were used for describtion and comparison purposes. Statistical analysis aimed at evaluating the ability of the sedimentation process to purify the water and assessing the overall wastewater treatment efficiciency of KSWTP. The results of the analysis showed that there are significant differences between the raw domestic wastewater, sedimentation pond water, and treated wastewater in pH (F = 15.486, df = 149, p = .000), the chemical oxygen demand (F = 2486.459, df = 149, p = .000), biochemical oxygen demand (F = 2298.142, df = 149, p = .000), ammonium ion concentration (F = 4645.039, df = 149, p = .000), total Kjeldahl nitrogen concentration (F = 5908.067, df = 149, p = .000), and the concentration of the total suspended solids (F = 715,376, df = 149, p = .000). When the characteristics of the raw domestic wastewater were compared with the characteristics of the treated wastewater, it was found that the wastewater treatment reduced the concentrations of total phosphorous and oil and grease and the counts of faecal coliform bacteria but had no significant effect on the mean water temperature and the concentration of dissolved phosphorous. It can be concluded that domestic wastewater treatment in KSWTP was to a large extent efficient in reducing the concentrations of total phosphorous and oil and grease and the counts of the faecal coliform bacteria in the treated wastewater. Further research is needed to compare levels of performance of other wastewater treatment methods with the method applied in KSWTP

Study of the Impact of Inflation, Money Supply on Economic Growth

In a complex and volatile economic environment, the stability and sustainability of economic growth have always been the focus of attention for Governments and economists. Economic growth is not only a matter of national prosperity and stability, but also has a direct impact on the quality of life of the population and the overall well-being of society. However, the process of economic growth is often influenced by a variety of factors, among which inflation and money supply are two crucial economic variables. This paper selects the relevant data of China's consumer price index CPI, broad money and quasi-money supply M2 and gross domestic product GDP from 2003 to 2022 as the corresponding variable indicators, constructs the multiple linear regression model, and conducts the significance test for the model through statistical inference test, econometrics test, and other methods and makes relevant corrections to the model, and then arrives at the optimal model. The analysis shows that there is a close relationship between inflation and money supply, and inflation is an important factor driving China's economic growth, while changes in money supply have a relatively small impact on China's economic growth, and in the long run, inflation has a significant negative impact on economic growth, while money supply has a significant positive impact on economic growth.

The effect of post-anesthetic administration of dexmedetomidine versus remifentanil on postoperative agitation of strabismus surgery in children: a randomized double-blind clinical trial

ABSTRACT Introduction: Postoperative agitation is a common complication of sevoflurane anesthesia in children and might lead to self-harm and recovery disruption. This study aimed to compare the prophylactic effect of dexmedetomidine and remifentanil on postoperative agitation after anesthesia with sevoflurane. Methods: In this clinical trial, 60 children aged 2 to 7 years with ASA class І, II, candidates for elective strabismus surgery, were randomly assigned to three groups using block randomization. Patients in the first group D received 0.5 µgr/kg dexmedetomidine, the second group R received 0.1 µgr/kg remifentanil, and another group C received normal saline at the end of anesthesia. Children’s agitation degree was measured by the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scales and the 4-point agitation scale at the time of extubation, entering the recovery room, 10, 20, and 30 minutes after entrance. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests. Results: The postoperative agitation and pain were significantly lower among children who received dexmedetomidine compared with those in remifentanil and the control group (p < .001). It was observed that the administration of dexmedetomidine at the end of anesthesia significantly decreased the incidence of postoperative agitation (p < .001). None of the patients in group D had a PAED score of over 12. Conclusion: Based on PAED and the 4-point scales, none of the cases in group D had experienced postoperative agitation; this made a significant statistical difference compared with groups C and R (p-value <. 001). Although both dexmedetomidine and remifentanil can prevent and attenuate postoperative agitation, dexmedetomidine administration seems significantly more effective.

The role of sexual self-esteem, sexual desire, and sexual assertiveness in the female sexual function

BackgroundSexual function plays a very important role in the sexual health of people, and the determination of their related factors reflects the importance of paying attention to sexual function in the cultural context.ObjectiveThe present study aimed to the role of sexual self-esteem, sexual desire, and sexual assertiveness in the female sexual function.MethodsIn this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, 592 married women of reproductive age referring to comprehensive health centers in Rasht city (North of Iran) and eligible for the inclusion criteria were selected by cluster random sampling. The data collection tools were demographic information form, Halbert’s Sexual Rights Questionnaires, Women’s Sexual Self-Esteem (short form), Halbert’s Sexual Desire, and Female Sexual Function Index. Data analysis was done with descriptive and inferential statistical tests at a significant level (p < 0.05).ResultsThe mean and standard deviation of sexual assertiveness, sexual desire, and sexual self-esteem scores were 56.79 ± 18.24, 49.12 ± 26.04, and 98.52 ± 6.11, respectively. Sexual assertiveness (p < 0.01, r = 0.13), sexual desire (p < 0.001, r = 0.178), sexual self-esteem (p < 0.01, r = 0.34) of the participants with the total score, and all areas of female sexual function had a significant positive correlation.ConclusionBased on the findings, there is a direct and statistically significant relationship between sexual assertiveness, sexual desire, the adaptability of sexual self-esteem, and family income with sexual function in participants. However, the unemployment of the spouse had a negative effect on the female sexual function.

The quality of life in orthognathic surgery: surgery first versus traditional orthognathic surgery evaluation.

This study aims to evaluate the differences in terms of Quality of life and the degree of satisfaction with the result obtained between the two groups of patients treated with the orthodontic first approach and surgery first approach, through administered questionnaires inserted in the post-operative phase. A total of 40 patients who previously underwent orthognathic surgery were included in this study, 20 treated with the orthodontic first approach and 20 treated with the Surgery First Approach. The impact of orthognathic surgery on patients' quality of life was recorded through the administration of the OHIP-14 test, FACE-Q test scale and FACE-Q test. Comparison between the two groups was done using a nonparametric inferential statistical test, the Mann-Whitney U-test. The results showed no significant differences in terms of quality of life between the two groups. Patients treated with orthodontic first approach presented greater psychological distress and perceived their faces as unattractive. A worsening of the aesthetics of the face determined by the orthodontic approach before surgery, may not be decisive in the quality of life of patients, which will certainly be better after surgery. SFA and OFA determine in both cases a marked improvement in the patient's quality of life.

Consanguineous marriage among familial multiple sclerosis subjects: A national registry-based study

BackgroundThe rising prevalence of familial multiple sclerosis (MS) in Iran has spurred interest in the potential impact of parental consanguinity on the risk of developing the disease. This study aims to aggregate current knowledge on parental consanguinity and its possible effect on MS risk, particularly among familial MS patients from various regions and ethnicities in Iran. The objective is to enhance the understanding of MS genetics and encourage further research in this field. Materials and methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on clinically definite familial MS (FMS) patients registered in the nationwide MS registry of Iran (NMSRI). Data were extracted and supplemented with structured telephone follow-ups to gather detailed histories of MS in relatives and the familial relationships of the patients' parents. A family penetration score was proposed. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistical tests were used to analyze the data at a significance level of 0.05, adhering to ethical guidelines. ResultsOut of 19,911 individuals registered in the NMSRI, 2307 FMS patients across 13 provinces were included in the final analysis. Among these, 385 (19.3 %) reported parental consanguinity, with 283 (14.2 %) having parents who were cousins and 102 (5.1 %) having parents who were distant relatives. The data showed no significant association between parental kinship and variables such as MS phenotype, number of affected relatives with MS, hospitalization rates, and expanded disability status scale score. Similarly, MS severity did not differ based on parental consanguinity (P-value >0.05). While the rate of consanguineous marriage was higher among patients with an onset age less than 18 years, there was no statistically significant difference in disease onset age based on parental consanguinity status. ConclusionOur study highlights the complexity of factors influencing MS development, including genetic and environmental components. These results highlight the need for further research to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of MS etiology.

Investigating the Job Burnout Levels and Related Factors in Medical Interns of Guilan University of Medical Sciences

Introduction: Job burnout is a state of mental fatigue resulting from a person's professional life and consists of three dimensions: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and decreased personal accomplishment. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the levels of job burnout and its related factors in medical internship students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study involved 71 medical interns of Guilan University of Medical Sciences participating by census in 2022. The Maslach Burnout Inventory and a socio-economic status questionnaire were completed by the students. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical tests (percentage, frequency, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics tests (Chi-square and Fisher's exact test) through SPSS (version 25). The P-value &lt; 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. Results: Out of 71 medical interns, 47.9% of medical students were female, while 52.1% were male. The findings showed that 44.1% of female (15 individuals) and 51.4% of male (19 individuals) experienced severe burnout, and 55.9% of female (19 people) and 48.6% of male (18 people) had moderate burnout. Participants earned high scores in emotional exhaustion (76.1%), depersonalization (67.6%), and decreased personal accomplishment (26.8%). There was a significant relationship between the internship level (P=0.00), the medical school GPA (P=0.011), the pre-internship test score (P=0.003), and the father's education rate (P=0.023) and the emotional exhaustion score. There was also a significant relationship between the depersonalization score and the internship level (P=0.003). Results indicated a significant statistical relationship between variables of maternal education (P=0.026), economic status (as assessed by the student or family regarding housing prices) (P=0.047), and medical school GPA (P=0.004) and the decreased personal accomplishment dimension score. ConclusionThe results of this study showed a high level of burnout among interns, with students scoring high in emotional exhaustion and depersonalization components. Therefore, according to the results of the present study, further research on preventive interventions and strategies to mitigate exposure to burnout factors would be beneficial.

Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Self Organized Learning Environment (SOLE) Berbantuan Media Video Animasi terhadap Hasil Belajar IPA Kelas V SD Inpres Pattallassang

The aim of this research is to determine the influence of the Self Organized Learning Environment (SOLE) Learning Model Assisted by Animation Video Media on the Science Learning Outcomes of Class V at SD Inpres Pattallassang. This research is a type of quasi-experimental research with a research design using a nonequivalent control group design using a quantitative approach. The population in this study were all class V students at SD Inpres Pattallassang. The sample in this study was 50 students, the sampling technique used was random sampling technique with the VC class as the experimental class and the VD class as the control class. The independent variable in this research is the SOLE learning model assisted by animated video media, while the dependent variable is the science learning outcomes for class V at SD Inpres Pattallassang. The data collection techniques used were written tests and documentation. The instruments used were observation sheets and science learning outcomes tests. The data collection technique used is a written test in the form of multiple choice questions and documentation. The data analysis techniques used are descriptive analysis of the N-Gain test, inferential statistical tests used prerequisite tests and hypothesis tests. The increase in the experimental class was higher than the control class with the average in the experimental class increasing to 78.40 while in the control class it was 68.60.

Efektivitas Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Student Facilitator and Explaining terhadap Kemampuan Representasi Matematis Siswa

This research aims to evaluate the impact of using the Student Facilitator and Explaining learning model on students' mathematical representation abilities. This research uses a quantitative approach with a Quasi-Experimental Design research design with a design form, namely a non-equivalent control group design. The sample chosen was 56 students from a population of 111 students at SMA Negeri 11 Bulukumba, using a simple random sampling technique. Data was collected using tests to assess mathematical representation abilities, observations to determine the implementation of learning scenarios and questionnaires. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistical tests and inferential statistical tests. The research results show differences in the mathematical representation abilities of students who use the Student Facilitator and Explaining model with students who are taught using direct learning. The Student Facilitator and Explaining Learning Model effectively improves the mathematical representation abilities of class XI MIPA students at SMA Negeri 11 Bulukumba.

Analysis of the Effectiveness of Online-Based Patient Queue Management System Innovation: Study at the Dental and Oral Hospital, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Long queues and long waiting times at dental and oral health services are frequent complaints from patients. This is caused by the time for dental and oral procedures which generally takes quite a long time compared to other health services. The Dental and Oral Hospital (RSGM) of Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta (UMY) implemented innovation in the form of an online patient queue management system to overcome this problem. This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the online queuing system. This study used a non-experimental observational design with a cross-sectional approach. Data was collected through a survey of 1000 patients who used the RSGM UMY online queue system. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistical tests. The research results show that the RSGM UMY online queuing system is effective in reducing patient waiting time. The average patient waiting time with the online queuing system was 21.33 (SD 1.45) minutes, shorter than with the manual queuing system which averaged 112.32 (SD 8.23) minutes. Patients were also satisfied with the online queuing system, with 92.32 (SD 4.21) respondents stating they were satisfied. The online patient queue management system at RSGM UMY has proven effective in reducing patient waiting time and increasing patient satisfaction. This system can be a model for other RSGMs to improve the quality of their services.

The Role of Parental Support in the Relationship between Motivation and Student Learning Outcomes

The aims of this research are to measure and analyze, 1) the influence of motivation on student learning outcomes, 2) the moderating role of parental support on the influence of motivation on student learning outcomes. This type of research is quantitative research with inferential statistical tests. The population of this study were elementary education master's students at FKIP Jember University. The number of respondents involved was 37 students. Researchers collected data through a questionnaire with a Likert scale with answer choices 1-3, namely; 1. disagree; 2. agree; .3. strongly agree. The data analysis used was the SPSS version 26 application with linear regression techniques. The analysis steps that have been carried out are influence testing, moderation testing, and hypothesis testing. The research results provide information on several things. First, motivation has a significant positive effect on student learning outcomes; second, parental support significantly moderates the influence of motivation on student learning outcomes.

Stressful Life Events in Impulsive and Non-impulsive Suicide Attempters: A Cross-sectional Study

Background: Suicide is a significant public health issue, yet it can be avoided with prompt, evidence-based, and frequently inexpensive interventions. There are distinctions between the profiles of impulsive suicide attempters (ISA) and non-impulsive suicide attempters (NISA), and a significant number of suicide attempts are impulsive. A thorough multisectoral suicide prevention strategy is necessary for an effective national response. Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary healthcare center in Karnataka. Sixty inpatients above the age of 18 years with an alleged history of suicide attempts were enrolled in the study. Their stressful life events in the past year were assessed using the Presumptive Stressful Life Events Scale (PSLES). Impulsive and non-impulsive attempters were considered based on the time gap between the suicidal ideation and the suicidal attempt with the presence or absence of plans regarding the act. They were compared using appropriate inferential statistical tests. Results: The majority of the suicide attempts were impulsive (63.3%). The ISA and NISA did not differ in socio-demographic characteristics except for age and family type, with impulsive attempters being more common at younger ages than the non-impulsive attempters ( p = .02). The majority of ISA were from joint families (44.7%), while 72.7% of NISA were from nuclear households ( p = .04). Compared to ISA, NISA recollected a higher number of stressors. Conclusion: The ISA and NISA differ in aspects of age, family type, and stressors. Characteristic distinctions between ISA and NISA should be recognized and understood in order to design policies for suicide prevention and minimize morbidity and mortality. Exploring and addressing the stressors and helping patients to overcome them through better coping skills helps in suicide prevention.

Finite element analysis of acromial fracture after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty

BackgroundThe prevalence of acromial fracture after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) is reportedly 2.6%-8.4%, and clinical outcomes differ among fracture sites. However, few studies have investigated the factors affecting fracture sites. This study aimed to reproduce acromial fractures after RSA by replicating the postoperative displacement of the humerus using finite element models (FEMs), and to investigate the effect of humeral displacement on the fracture site. MethodsSix patients (mean age, 76.3 ± 7.9 years; 5 women and 1 man) with acromial fractures after RSA treated at our institution were included. Among them, 3 had Levy Type 1 fractures, whereas the other 3 had Levy Type 2 fractures. Preoperative computed tomography data were used to create a 3-dimensional FEM. All elements within the proximal 2 cm of the clavicle and the scapular body were completely constrained. The entire humerus was forcibly displaced following its displacement after RSA, as measured by preoperative and postoperative computed tomography. The fracture sites, total displacement, external constraint of the humerus at the initial fracture, and bone density from the acromion to the scapular spine were investigated. Values of P < .05 were considered statistically significant in tests of statistical inference but were interpreted as reference values due to the small number of cases. ResultsThere were no major differences in humeral displacement between Type 1 and Type 2 fractures. Although the fracture sites in the FEM were slightly more medial than the actual fracture sites, they were similar. The total displacement and external constraint of the humerus at the initial fracture were similar in Type 1 and Type 2 fractures. The distribution of bone density from the acromion to the scapular spine differed between fracture types. ConclusionWe were able to reproduce acromial fractures after RSA by replicating humeral displacement using FEM. The extent and direction of humeral displacement may not significantly affect the acromial fracture site, whereas the bone density distribution from the acromion to the scapular spine may affect it.

LGBTI Healthcare in Medical Education.

Our aim is to reveal the interaction of cultural and religious influences with professional equipment by determining the level of knowledge, sexual attitudes, and homophobia of medical students about LGBTI+ individuals. The study included 324 students from our faculty of medicine. The Hudson and Ricketts Homophobia scale, the Attitudes Towards Lesbians and Gay Men scale, and the Hendrick Sexual Attitudes scale were used with the sociodemograpic data form. Data were collected and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests. The mean score of the students from the Hudson and Ricketts Homophobia scale was 58.50. The findings of our study support that medical students consider that the education they receive in this regard is inadequate. One of the goals of undergraduate medical education is the provision of health services to all segments of society; therefore, it is recommended to make improvements in the curriculum in this regard.

Accuracy in placing oral cuffed endotracheal tube to correct depth in Indian adults based on conventional guidelines

Background &amp; Aims: Precise positioning of oral Endotracheal tube (ETT) anytime is difficult however if attained will ease complications of its misplacement. The accuracy in positioning oral cuffed ETTs to the correct depth in Indian adults following conventional guidelines was sought for. Methods: This study was conducted upon 240 adults ageing 20 to 60 years of both sex, who required endotracheal intubation at operation rooms or already intubated due to any reason admitted in CCU of BSMC&amp;H, Bankura, West Bengal, excluding patients with hemodynamic instability and upper airway deformities. Oral ETT intubation was performed and ETT fixed at incisors following conventional guidelines. ETT tip to Carina distance was measured with fiberoptic bronchoscope thereafter. The power of study was kept at 0.95. Obtained data were evaluated with descriptive and inferential statistical tests by Microsoft Excel 2016. Results &amp; Conclusions: Only 60% (n=144) of ETTs were found to be accurately positioned. In the rest 40% (n=96) of misplaced ETTs, the majority (91%, n=87) were placed too deep. Predetermined fixing the ETTs at 21 cm and 23cm mark in females and males respectively leads to deep placement in 36% of them. Hence, we can declare that securing ETT at midline according to the conventional guidelines doesn’t match our Indian people.

Self-reported cultural competence among Czech and Slovakian nurses: A comparative correlation study.

This study aimed to compare the level of cultural competence among nurses working in clinical practice in Slovakia and the Czech Republic. Demographic changes have greatly affected the health sector in Slovakia and the Czech Republic. By identifying the level of nurses' cultural competence, many of the complications encountered in caring for patients from different cultures can be avoided. However, few studies have explored the cultural competence of nurses in clinical practice in these countries. This study was cross-sectional, descriptive, and comparative. It followed the STROBE checklist and used the Cultural Competence Assessment Tool questionnaire to collect data. Descriptive and inferential statistical tests were utilized for data analysis, using SASD 1.5.8 and IBM SPSS Statistics version 28.0.0. The sample comprised 424 nurses, with 202 from the Czech Republic and 222 from Slovakia, primarily female. Most nurses in both countries have not received cultural diversity training. Nevertheless, nurses in both countries indicate the necessity of conducting a cultural impact assessment of patients' health. Cultural diversity training significantly increases the level of cultural competence in nurses. Lower cultural competence scores can negatively impact nursing care for patients from different cultures, leading to additional cultural challenges. The findings highlight the need for enhanced cultural competence among nurses. Nurses need to learn and utilize cultural information to help maximize healthcare for patients from different cultures. By providing nurses with cultural knowledge and skills, they will be able to deliver more effective and culturally competent care to patients from varied cultural backgrounds.

Factors associated with doing breast self-examination behavior based on Health Belief Model in women working in Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences

Introduction: Early detection of breast cancer is an important factor affecting the prevention and reduction of mortality in females, which increases their quality of life. This study was performed to determine factors associated with the performance of precocious diagnostic behaviors of breast cancer based on the Health Belief Model in women working at Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran. Method: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 277 employed females at Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire and analyzed in SPSS software (version 16) using descriptive and inferential statistical tests. Results: Mean age of the participants was 32.09 ± 7.39 years. Results of the Mann-Whitney U test showed significant differences between females who had and had not performed breast self-exams in terms of perceived importance (P=0.003), health motivation (P=0.01), and perceived barriers to breast self-exam (P=0.001). History of breast cancer in first-degree relatives (OR= 9.20), lower perceived barriers to breast self-exam (OR=0.69), and married status (OR= 0.36) showed the highest correlation with breast self-exam. Conclusion: Results showed that the Health Belief Model can help to identify factors that affect breast self-exam. These results can be used to design and implement educational interventions for breast self-exam and early diagnosis of breast cancer.