Stations In Area Research Articles

Hydrothermal conditions of southern and northern slope soils of northeastern Great Xing'an Mountain, China

The purpose of the article is to study the influence features of polar-oriented slopes on the near-surface energy and hydrothermal balance in the seasonal cryolithozone. The authors carried out a complex of field observations including measurement of air and underlying surface temperature, soil moisture, solar radiation and wind speed at the hydrological stations of Songling (southern slope) and Luoguhe (northern slope) in the northeast of the Great Xing'an Mountain (China). The analysis of the data obtained allowed to conclude that, on the one hand, the long-term influence of the thermal balance components causes significant differences in the soil structure and properties on differently oriented slopes. The number of daily freeze-thaw soil cycles on the southern slope (100 cycles) significantly exceeds the ones on the northern slope (56 cycles). The soil on the southern soil is 3 °C warmer than that on the northern slope, and its humidity in the area of the Songling hydrological station is lower than that at the Luoguhe station. On the other hand, differences in soil properties control the energy exchange between the atmosphere and the earth's surface, this means that the incoming short-wave solar radiation and heat flux into the soil on the southern slope is greater than on the northern one. Therefore, slope orientation is one of the significant environmental factors affecting the influx of solar energy, temperature and humidity of the soils in the northeastern Great Xing'an Mountain. It also has a decisive role for the spatial distribution and evolution of seasonal permafrost in the region and, accordingly, affects the stability and safety of engineering structures. The performed research is important for understanding the relationship between climate and frozen soil in the mountainous areas with seasonal cryolithozone as well as for optimization of boundary conditions when modeling rock freeze-thaw processes.

Calculation of service devices in the projected traffic-transfer hub

The object of the work is the projected traffic-transfer hub (TTH) in the area of station B. Based on the passenger flows between all modes of transport present in the transport hub, the parameters of service devices are determined by simulation modeling. The obtained data will allow organizing the necessary capacity of the hub during "peak hours", at the same time during the period of decreasing passenger traffic flow there will be no significant idle time of the passenger devices. Based on the data obtained, technical and economic comparison of options for equipping the transport hub with service devices was made, as a outcome of which the most optimal number of devices was identified.

Identification Method for Users-Transformer Relationship in Station Area Based on Local Selective Combination in Parallel Outlier Ensembles Algorithm

In the power distribution system, the missing or incorrect file of users-transformer relationship (UTR) in low-voltage station area (LVSA) will affect the lean management of the LVSA, and the operation and maintenance of the distribution network. To effectively improve the lean management of LVSA, the paper proposes an identification method for the UTR based on Local Selective Combination in Parallel Outlier Ensembles algorithm (LSCP). Firstly, the voltage data is reconstructed based on the information entropy to highlight the differences in between. Then, the LSCP algorithm combines four base outlier detection algorithms, namely Isolation Forest (I-Forest), One-Class Support Vector Machine (OC-SVM), Copula-Based Outlier Detection (COPOD) and Local Outlier Factor (LOF), to construct the identification model of UTR. This model can accurately detect users’ differences in voltage data, and identify users with wrong UTR. Meanwhile, the key input parameter of the LSCP algorithm is determined automatically through the line loss rate, and the influence of artificial settings on recognition accuracy can be reduced. Finally, this method is verified in the actual LVSA where the recall and precision rates are 100% compared with other methods. Furthermore, the applicability to the LVSAs with difficult data acquisition and the voltage data error in transmission are analyzed. The proposed method adopts the ensemble learning framework and does not need to set the detection threshold manually. And it is applicable to the LVSAs with difficult data acquisition and high voltage similarity, which improves the stability and accuracy of UTR identification in LVSA.

Antarctic Ecosystem Recovery Following Human-Induced Habitat Change: Recolonization of Adélie Penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) at Cape Hallett, Ross Sea

The human-induced disturbances in Antarctica have caused changes in the structure and function of ecosystems. The Cape Hallett station was established in 1957 and abandoned in 1973. The station was built inside a penguin colony, and during its operation, many penguins were deported. Herein, we compared the number of breeding pairs across different time periods after station decommission and environmental remediation. The station occupied 4.77 ha within the Adélie penguin breeding area, and 349 nests were identified inside the station border in 1960. In 1983, the station’s territory decreased to 4.2 ha; meanwhile, 1683 breeding pairs were counted in the old station area. The past station area re-inhabited by Adélie penguins had 6175 nests in 2019. We assumed that recolonization might be particularly related to artificial mounds. The results of the present study confirm the recolonization of Adélie penguins at Cape Hallett for the first time, with visual analysis of spatial-temporal changes. Additionally, we suggest that reconstruction of the artificial or enhanced habitat may be required for successful restoration. Furthermore, continuous species monitoring with specific notes are needed with management interventions to protect Antarctic ecosystems, as well as the Ross Sea region MPA.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ЗАМАЧИВАНИЯ ПРОСАДОЧНЫХ ГРУНТОВ НА НЕСУЩУЮ СПОСОБНОСТЬ ФУНДАМЕНТОВ ПРИ НАРАЩИВАНИИ ХВОСТОХРАНИЛИЩА ГРО "КАТОКА"

It was revealed that light loams of Kalahari group have subsidence properties on the territory at the concentrating mill. A numerical filtration model has been developed to predict the hydrodynamic regime of groundwater under the conditions of tailing dump exploitation during its heightening. An increase of groundwater levels at the area of the pumping station has been established when the flow is backed up by technical waters of the tailing dump during its filling. The calculation of compressible strata depth under buildings was carried out. The calculation of soil subsidence value at the base of pumping station foundations was carried out under the conditions of soil moisture increasing due to its wetting from below during groundwater rising. Reduction to acceptable values of foundations subsidence is provided by measures connected with lowering the groundwater level.

Improvement of Snow Depth Inversion Derived From Terrain Tilt Correction and Multi-GNSS Measurements Using the Helmert Variance Component Estimation

As an essential part of the global water cycle, the effective detection of snow depth is of great significance to the study of climate change. Global Navigation Satellite System Interferometric Reflectometry (GNSS-IR) technology emerged as a new ground-based snow depth monitoring method. The principle is to invert the height of the reflection surface according to the SNR at a low elevation angle. However, the topographic relief in the reflection area of GNSS stations often dramatically impacts the accuracy of snow depth inversion. This study proposes a Terrain Tilt Correction (TTC) algorithm based on different azimuth intervals to address it. Taking the P351 and P676 stations in the United States as examples, the snow depth inversion research of different systems are carried out. In the P351 station with gentle terrain, the TTC algorithm can maintain stable accuracy. In the P676 station with steep terrain, the TTC algorithm can effectively compensate for the error caused by the landscape and significantly improve the accuracy of snow depth inversion. The experimental results of the two stations show that the snow depth inversion results of different systems after TTC are consistent with the in situ snow depth provided by the respective meteorological stations. Subsequently, a Helmert Variance Component Estimation (HVCE) weighting algorithm is introduced for multi-system combinations based on different systems with different snow depth inversion accuracies, and the feasibility and stability of the combination strategy are investigated. Compared with the in situ snow depth, the correlation coefficient (R) of the combined snow depth at the P351 station is 0.91, the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) is 19.7 cm, and the Mean Error (ME) is -12.2 cm. The snow depth obtained by the combination of the multi-system at the P676 station has an R of 0.95, an RMSE of 9.9 cm, and an ME of -4.9 cm. Compared with HVCE weighting before TTC, the RMSE is reduced by 53.3%, and the absolute value of ME is reduced by 74.2%. This study is not only of great significance for high-precision snow depth monitoring, but also provides a necessary technical reference for further research on multi-system combined.

Speed-Control Technique for Achieving Fair Uplink Communications With a UAV-Aided Flying Base Station

The use of aerial base stations on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is a notable solution for providing disaster victims with communication services because they can be quickly deployed immediately after a disaster. In this study, we investigate how a single circling UAV with an aerial base station can be used for collecting uplink information from users on the ground. In this system, users within the coverage area of an aerial base station share the available system bandwidth. Consequently, since a UAV’s flying speed is constant, a fairness issue becomes significant among ground users distributed over the service area when their spatial density differs largely from place to place. To solve this fairness issue, we focus on a speed-control technique for the UAV. We begin by formulating the amount of transmitted data from each user equipment (UE) as a function of the communication time, during which the user is within the coverage of the aerial base station, and which depends on the speed of the UAV. The objective function can be defined as a maximization of the minimum amount of data transmitted by each UE. Then, we develop the proposed speed-control technique by analyzing the quantitative relationship between the UAV’s flying speed and the amount of data transmitted by each UE. Finally, we use computer simulations to demonstrate the effectiveness of our technique.

Effect of micro-pile, stone column, and encased stone column mitigation on seismic performance of liquefiable ground in the coal-fired power station in Central Java

Liquefaction is a disaster that can damage building infrastructure. This disaster is all too common in granular sandy soils. This is due to the subsidence and instability of the soil when subjected to shocks such as earthquakes. For this reason, mitigation efforts are needed to reduce the risk of liquefaction. This study will compare the effectiveness and influence of micro-pile, stone column, and densification mitigation methods on granular soils at the Central Java PLTU site in reducing the impact of liquefaction risk on land, which is dominated by silty sand soil types. Each type of method has its own advantages in each type of supporting soil layer and has some differences in results due to differences in the material used even in the same dimensions. The purpose of this study was to assess the most suitable use for soil types in the area of the Coal-Fired Power Station in Central Java. This model was analyzed using OpenSees PL software, considering the shocks obtained from the 2007 Niigata earthquake at PEER NGA-WEST2 by analyzing factors such as displacement and reduction in excess pore pressure.

Location and Capacity Determination Method of Electric Vehicle Charging Station Based on Simulated Annealing Immune Particle Swarm Optimization

As the number of electric vehicles (EVs) continues to grow and the demand for charging infrastructure is also increasing, how to improve the charging infrastructure has become a bottleneck restricting the development of EVs. In other words, reasonably planning the location and capacity of charging stations is important for development of the EV industry and the safe and stable operation of the power system. Considering the construction and maintenance of the charging station, the distribution network loss of the charging station, and the economic loss on the user side of the EV, this paper takes the node and capacity of charging station planning as control variables and the minimum cost of system comprehensive planning as objective function, and thus proposes a location and capacity planning model for the EV charging station. Based on the problems of low efficiency and insufficient global optimization ability of the current algorithm, the simulated annealing immune particle swarm optimization algorithm (SA-IPSO) is adopted in this paper. The simulated annealing algorithm is used in the global update of the particle swarm optimization (PSO), and the immune mechanism is introduced to participate in the iterative update of the particles, so as to improve the speed and efficiency of PSO. Voronoi diagram is used to divide service area of the charging station, and a joint solution process of Voronoi diagram and SA-IPSO is proposed. By example analysis, the results show that the optimal solution corresponding to the optimisation method proposed in this paper has a low overall cost, while the average charging waiting time is only 1.8 min and the charging pile utilisation rate is 75.5%. The simulation comparison verifies that the improved algorithm improves the operational efficiency by 18.1% and basically does not fall into local convergence.

"Soldiers against gangsters?": Evaluation of the impact of the army deployment against gang violence on homicides in the Cape Flats

The debate on militarisation of domestic security around the world Is mostly normative and conceptual, but there are few estimates of the direct impact of the use of military forces in public security tasks. This paper assesses the impact on local homicides of the 2019 deployment of the South African National Defence Force in police station areas in Cape Town, a measure taken to stem gang violence. It uses an interrupted time-series approach to estimate the effect by comparing murder counts in relevant precincts before and during the deployment, compared to precincts with similar murder rates and socioeconomic characteristics. Results show that there was an apparent initial reduction in the month in which the measure was taken, but the presence of the army was not associated with a significant decrease in homicides over the deployment period.

A concept for improving the environment of the railway station area in the city of Spassk-Dalniy

A concept for improving the environment of the railway station area in the city of Spassk-Dalniy

Ekaterinburg at the Turn of the 20th Century: Traditions and Innovations in the Organisation of Urban Space

This article studies the transformations of the urban space of Ekaterinburg in the conditions of socioeconomic changes in the late nineteenth — early twentieth centuries, associated with the development of transport and industrial infrastructure, population growth, and transformation into a “model capitalist city”. Changes in the activities of citizens in the economic, sociopolitical, cultural, educational, and leisure spheres required appropriate spatial and physical design. The article identifies the most important territorial zones of concentration (clusters) of buildings and infrastructure elements that began to set the specialisation of specific parts of the city. One can distinguish a commercial and financial cluster in the western part, a medical cluster in the northwestern part, and a leisure cluster in the eastern part of the city. The key social systems — religious and educational — tended to encompass the whole city. It is also noted that during the residential development, there was no strict separation of rich and poor districts even in the city centre. The specialisation of different parts of the city centre formed during the period under consideration, continued to influence the development of the planning structure of Ekaterinburg-Sverdlovsk, consolidating a peculiar division between the financial and commercial right-bank and cultural and social left-bank parts of the city. There was little economic development of the eastern border of Ekaterinburg, the northern station area, and especially the southern districts, which was the only direction that could be occupied by residential development. However, the growth led to a disproportion, as there were no religious or educational institutions in the area. Such disproportions were among the most important challenges faced by the large urban centres of Russia, which were the driving force of late Imperial modernisation.

Grid connected power regulation strategy of weak rural energy storage batteries based on particle swarm optimization algorithm

In recent years, the research and application of distributed energy storage technology have received high attention from countries around the world and have achieved rapid development. Integrating distributed energy storage devices into the power grid is one of the effective ways to solve the problem of power quality in weak rural areas. Based on particle swarm optimization algorithm, this paper studies the regulation strategy of integrating distributed energy storage systems into weak rural areas to improve power quality. Based on the actual daily load curve of the distribution station area, optimization regulation strategies are obtained to generate success rate instructions to guide the actual grid connection operation process of the energy storage system.

청년 1인 가구의 주거선택 특성에 관한 연구

This study analyzes the effect of variables such as social, economic, and regional characteristics on the types of housing occupancy, focusing onthe single-person households of young people. The results of the empirical analysis are as follows: In terms of tapys of housing occupancy, the proportion of 30s who living in a rented house is decreasing. In the perspective of gender, young adult males show a higher purchase rate of their own house than that of young adult females. In terms of educational background, college graduates show the highest rate of their own house purchase. In terms of work types, white color workers show the highest rate of their own house purchase. The policy implications of this study are as follows: First, in order to increase the purchase efficiency of youth’s own house, it is necessary to loosen the LTV regulations of young households who hold sufficient repayment ability with long-term fature income or to partially ease them for young households, maintaining the regulations on debt service ratio(DSR) Second, the real estate market deregulation is required to achieve the Yun administration’s pledge of the supply of 2.5 million housing, considering the real estate market triggered by the shortage of housing supplyy. Sufficient housing supply should be made through both the support of housing expenses for the residents in natural greens and the develoment of the areas, the utilization of state-owned lands and abandoned private lands, the utilization of the existing houses in station areas, and the housing projects for the young, etc. The limitation of this study is to target at only young households based on the Framework Act on Youth, not to encompass the households characteristics of middle-aged and elderly class placed in the dead zone of welfare.

광역철도와 고속도로 교통인프라 접근성이 건축행위 발생에 미치는 영향 분석 : 강남역 역세권과 역세권 배후지역을 대상으로

광역철도와 고속도로 교통인프라 접근성이 건축행위 발생에 미치는 영향 분석 : 강남역 역세권과 역세권 배후지역을 대상으로

Jalur Garut - Cikajang: Pengembangan Perkeretaapian di Selatan Jawa Barat Masa Kolonial

Forced cultivation and its following period successfully increasing income from agricultural products, especially plantations, which then encouraged the development of railroad transportation in Java. The construction of the railway line to Garut was carried out simultaneously with the construction of the Bandung--Cilacap line on the Cicalengka--Cibatu--Garut section. This route was extended to Cikajang and was planned to Pameungpeuk. The problem posed in this paper is the position of the Garut--Cikajang line in the development of the railway in southern West Java during the Dutch colonial period. To answer the problem, a descriptive analytical method with a spatial approach was used. Data collection was carried out through a literature review and field observations. The construction of the Garut--Cikajang line is part of the plan to build a railway line connecting the main route with the southern coast of West Java which is intended to facilitate the transportation of people and products from the South Garut area. The archaeological remains in Cikajang station area shows that this line is part of a grand plan to build a railway line connecting the main line with the southern coast of West Java.

EXAMINATION OF AMBULANCE ARRIVAL TIMES BY GEOINFORMATICS TOOLS – EXAMPLE OF BORSOD-ABAÚJZEMPLÉN COUNTY (HUNGARY)

An essential part of the health system is the ambulance service, whose main task is to provide patients with high quality care. In the spirit of the above, the aim of the study is to explore the spatial characteristics of the ambulance service in a Hungarian territorial unit, Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county. The main findings of the study are: - The geographical location of ambulance stations in the county is strongly influenced by geography and demographic characteristics. - The designation of the coverage areas of ambulance station is fundamentally consistent with the access time to the respective ambulance stations. - The accessibility of each settlement from the ambulance station and the time needed to travel the ambulance station - location - hospital route differ for the speed allowed by the Highway Code and for the speed of 60 km/h.

Transit-oriented development strategy in Taiwan: An application of land value capture

Transit-oriented development (TOD) has been widely used in many countries to create more sustainable cities. In 1983, the “Taipei City Self-Ordinance for Land Use Zoning Regulation” was introduced to implement a TOD-equivalent design concept even though the term “TOD” was not yet used worldwide. The regulation specifically allowed any new development within a 500 m radius catchment area of a main public transport station which followed Taipei City's urban planning strategies to have a floor area ratio (FAR) reward up to 30% more than the original FAR (Rule No. 80-4). To strategically plan for TOD, Taipei City has developed a comprehensive TOD strategy with four development aspects, ten development strategies and 32 planning principles. The motivation for private developers to follow Taipei City's TOD strategy is the TOD FAR reward. Value capture, an important funding mechanism for public transport infrastructure, has been implemented in Taipei City's TOD strategy to provide a sustainable public transport system. In order to investigate the impacts of TOD strategy in the form of property value uplift at micro and macro levels, trend analysis and difference in differences modelling are constructed. Model results confirm a significant property value uplift at the micro-level. This review has two strong policy uses. First, it can be a starting point to help cities without a TOD strategy to develop a plan. Second, it can help cities, particularly high population density cities, with an existing TOD plan to review their own TOD plan.

Analysis of Railway Station Development Potential in Madura with Railway Reactivation

The reactive plan of the Madura railway line received a favorable response from four regents in Madura. As the plan can improve economic development and facilitate human and goods movements easily. In its development, the potential for the development of the island of Madura needs to be noticed in terms of both the economy and its infrastructure. The potential for development on the island of Madura itself is still impressed as not well developed compared to the city of Surabaya which is directly adjacent to the island of Madura. Notable in economic development is a condition of accessibility and support and complementary facilities such as the existing transport on the island of Madura. The purpose of this study is to analyze the potential for the development of a railway station in Madura by reactivating the railroad. the method used is a qualitative approach with a descriptive analysis method by conducting interviews/questionnaires to the Madurese community, regulators and transportation practitioner experts. Based on the results of the analysis of the existing Madura train stations, it can be concluded that there are 7 major stations with potential for station development in Madura. The potential for the development of a railway station can increase economic, tourism and industrial value. In the development of the station area, it is also necessary to pay attention to supporting facilities and tie them well with various sectors such as tourist sites, industrial locations and trade locations.

AESTHETIC VALUES OF RUINS: A CASE STUDY OF THE MALABAR RADIO STATION AREA

Relics of the past that have historical value must be preserved, but due to war and natural factors, these relics only leave ruins, so the conservation measures are different from buildings. The aesthetic value is one of the reasons for maintaining the ruins as they are, where this value is related to the physical and non-physical aspects of the ruins. One of the locations of the historical ruins is the ruins in the Malabar Radio Transmitting Station Area located on Mount Puntang, Banjaran District, Bandung Regency, West Java, which used to be a Radio Station complex that bridged long-distance communications between Indonesia and the Netherlands, has important historical value and impact the time. A change in function to become a tourist spot at this location can intervene in the ruins by adding or developing tourist facilities that can reduce or damage their historical and aesthetic values. This study intends to examine the aesthetic value of the ruins of the Malabar Radio Station to find a value that can be maintained as it is. This research uses qualitative research methods by searching historical data through primary and secondary sources. The results of the study found that the aesthetic value of the ruins consisted of 1) physical aesthetic values related to the shape of the ruins that can be observed and felt with the five senses, identified forms and materials (traces of weathering, the remaining walls, and floors) that blend into the mountainous landscape to give it an interesting and distinctive landscape character and visual appeal; and 2) non-physical aesthetic value related to the function of marking the passage of time, evidence of representation of the involvement of indigenous workers, defense of independence in the Banjaran region, and becoming a tourist attraction. Both of these aesthetic values are things that must be protected and maintained for the preservation of the ruins.