Stations In Area Research Articles

A Fully Decentralized Optimal Dispatch Scheme for an AC–DC Hybrid Distribution Network Formed by Flexible Interconnected Distribution Station Areas

A Fully Decentralized Optimal Dispatch Scheme for an AC–DC Hybrid Distribution Network Formed by Flexible Interconnected Distribution Station Areas

Transit station area walkability: Identifying impediments to walking using scalable, recomputable land-use measures

Transit station area land-use characteristics can increase or decrease the perceived costs of riding rail relative to driving or taking other modes. This paper focuses on those characteristics that create discomfort to riders who are walking between stations and destinations, with the aim of providing researchers and planners with a tool that can be used to identify pain points in any existing or potential station areas. We propose and demonstrate a scalable, recomputable method of measuring pedestrian quality for trips that relies solely on datasets readily available for almost any location in the United States, and we compare results using data from a global source, OpenStreetMap. We illustrate our tool in neighborhoods surrounding the Blue Line light rail in Minneapolis, Minnesota, calculating the population-weighted distribution of land uses within pathway buffers of walks from stations to nearby destinations. We focus on land uses that pose a disutility to pedestrians such as major highways or industrial tracts, and we compare disamenity levels across station areas. Despite their simplicity, our measures capture important differences in land-use-related pedestrian experiences and reveal the inadequacy of using circular buffers to designate and characterize station catchment areas.

Exploring The Impact of Weather Factors on the Population Trend of Oxycarenus Laetus Kirby (Dusky Cotton Bug) and Natural Enemies in Different Agro-Ecological Zones of Sindh, Pakistan

The research work was carried out in different agro-eco-zones of Sindh, Pakistan at the experimental field area of Cotton Agriculture Research Station at Tandojam, Sakrand, Kotdiji and Sarhad, 2019. The peak population of the Dusky cotton bug (DCB) was recorded at Tandojam. The high population of natural enemies like Chrysoperla, Orius, and Mirid bug was observed from July to September. The peak pest of pest observed averagely at Tandojam and Sakrand (49 to 23%). The abiotic factors like temperature and humidity averagely at Tandojam and Sakrand (32 to 50%) followed by Kotdiji and Sarhad (41 to 18%) recorded ideal for Chrysoperla, Orius, and Mirid bug. The abiotic factors were recorded as favorable for natural population multiplication like temperature and respectively. The weather factors noted optimum for spider population at Tandojam. It was concluded that the peak population of the pest was observed in different agro-eco-zones from September and October.

Characteristics and Connectivity Analysis of Hidden Karst in Jurong Pumped Storage Power Station Area, China

Based on the hidden karst exposed in Jurong Pumped Storage Power Station, combined with the field exploration data, the temporal and spatial development characteristics of hidden karst in the power station area are analyzed using the methods of specific solubility and specific corrosion, water chemical composition analysis, borehole television imaging, tracer test, and water pressure test. The results show that the karst development in the study area can be divided into three periods: pre-Cretaceous, Pleistocene, and modern karst. Karst development is controlled by soluble rock, non-soluble rock, and their combination, and the development direction is basically consistent with the fault strike. Karst caves are mainly distributed below the elevation of 100 m, with different shapes and scales and randomness. Non-soluble rocks and impure carbonate rocks are widely distributed in the study area, and surface karst is not developed. The underground karst caves are filled with red clay, and the rate of groundwater circulation is slow. The existence of geological bodies such as rock veins causes the groundwater levels to have obvious double-layer characteristics, which results in weak connectivity between karst caves. Although the karst in the power station area has a certain hydraulic connection with the surface water outside the area, the hydraulic connection of karst in the power station area is generally weak. The research results provide a scientific basis for the anti-seepage measures of underground powerhouses.

“Green transit-oriented development”: Exploring the association between TOD and visible green space provision using street view data

Environmental inequalities generated by transit—oriented development (TOD) are of planning and policy relevance in developing countries. Existing literature has pointed out that TOD has the effect of ‘place making’, which means the newly developed transit systems may be able to change the environment and amenities of a certain area. While previous studies have largely focused on environment hazards such as noise and pollution induced by transit systems, scant attention has been paid to visible green space provision at station areas. This study develops a new and systematic framework to assess potential disparities in quality and quantity aspects of visible green space provision around subway stations. We explore the effects of TOD on visible green space provision around subway stations using spatial regression models. The results show that there are disparities in visible green space provision around subway stations, but such disparities tend to fade with distance away from stations. We also find that population density, land use mix, intersection density and bus stop density are significantly associated with quantity and quality aspects of visible green space provision around subway stations.

Current state and silvicultural and reclamation efficiency coniferous field-protective forest belts of the Khakass anti-erosion station

Field-protective forest strips are the basis of the ecological framework of agricultural territories. Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.), Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) are the main tree species used in field-protective afforestation of the Shirinskaya steppe of the Republic of Khakassia. The studies were carried out in forest belts consisting of coniferous tree species of ordinary and staggered planting methods. Here, using modern techniques, temporary trial plots were laid. The aim of the work was to study the current state of forest belts, consisting of coniferous tree species, and their silvicultural and reclamation efficiency in the area where the Khakass anti-erosion station is located. The features of the sanitary condition and silvicultural and reclamation efficiency of forest stands on trial plots are analyzed depending on the planting methods growing on different types of soils. It has been established that a good and satisfactory condition of trees (1.0-1.2 points) and the highest silvicultural and reclamation score (5a) 34-55 years after planting are observed in larch forest belts with a rare staggered arrangement of trees growing on the southern and ordinary chernozems. The unsatisfactory condition of the trees (2.3-3.0 points) and the reduced silvicultural and reclamation assessment (4a) 55-58 years after planting are noted in pine and larch forest belts with rows of trees growing on chernozem-like sandy loamy soil and southern medium loamy chernozem. These features must be taken into account when designing a new generation of coniferous forest belts in other areas of the Khakass anti-erosion station, where they have not been created before. Measures have been planned to extend the service life of the steppe coniferous field-protective forest belts in the near future.

Commemorating local victims of past atrocities and far-right support over time

Does public remembrance of past atrocities lead to decreased support for far-right parties today? Initiatives commemorating past atrocities aim to make visible the victims and crimes committed against them. This runs counter to revisionist actors who attempt to downplay or deny atrocities and victims. Memorials for victims might complicate such attempts and reduce support for revisionist actors. Yet, little empirical evidence exists on whether that happens. In this study, we examine whether exposure to local memorials that commemorate victims of atrocities reduces support for a revisionist far-right party. Our empirical case is the Stolpersteine ("stumbling stones") memorial in Berlin, Germany. It commemorates victims and survivors of Nazi persecution in front of their last freely chosen place of residence. We employ time-series cross-sectional analyses and a discontinuity design using a panel dataset that matches the location and date of placement of new Stolpersteine with the election results from seven elections (2013 to 2021) at the level of polling station areas. We find that, on average, the presence of Stolpersteine is associated with a 0.96%-point decrease in the far-right vote share in the following election. Our study suggests that local memorials that make past atrocities visible have implications for political behavior in the present.

On Performance of NOMA-Based Wireless Powered Communication Networks Assisted With Power Beacons and PPP Distributed IN

This work studies the performance of power beacon (PB) assisted downlink cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) in a wireless powered communication network (WPCN) with realistic non-linear energy harvesting (EH) model. The paper proposes an analytical methodology for improving performance at blocked user at the edge of network via an intermediate node (IN). IN deployed in the coverage area of the base station (BS), acts as decode-and-forward relay to perform cooperative transmission. IN assists the BS in communicating with the blocked Internet of Things (IoT) device after harvesting energy from PB mounted on the BS. IN employs NOMA to serve IoT devices with heterogeneous quality of service requirements in order to achieve higher spectral and energy efficiency. A practical non-linear EH model is employed at IN to power the cooperative transmission to the IoT devices. The performance of the proposed scheme is compared with the system employing orthogonal multiple access and it is shown that the proposed scheme attains improved performance in terms of outage probability, system throughput, and energy efficiency.

Analysis of the accessibility of connecting transport at High-speed rail stations from the perspective of departing passengers

Accessibility assessment of High-speed rail (HSR) should not be limited to station-to-station analysis, since “first and last mile” transport is crucial. Economic costs, time value, and travel time volatility significantly impact travel decisions but are underexplored. We conducted a multidimensional analysis of the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the accessibility of HSR stations from the perspective of departing passengers. With data collected from the API of navigation software, measurement methods for static characteristics of accessibility, including time accessibility, economic accessibility, and generalized travel cost accessibility, and dynamic characteristics, were proposed. In terms of dynamic characteristics, the daily fluctuation and long-period fluctuation of travel time were quantified using coefficients of variation. The empirical analysis was carried out for three cities with different scales and transportation system compositions, which are Chengdu, Mianyang, and Leshan. Results reveal significant time and economic accessibility advantages for private and public transport, respectively. The time value at the equilibrium point of the generalized travel cost between the two modes is higher in larger cities, reflecting greater reliance on public connecting transport in metropolitan areas. Private transport has a greater accessibility advantage in the areas of the HSR station away from the core city, while public transport has a more prominent advantage in other cases. Negative correlation is observed between daily fluctuations and linear distance, with public transport exhibiting weaker but more extreme fluctuations. During peak hours, private transport displays greater volatility towards the core urban area. These findings have important policy implications for HSR station location decisions and the planning and operation of connecting transport.

A dataset of carbon and water fluxes of the temperate desert steppe in Damao Banner, Inner Mongolia (2015–2018)

Eddy correlation technology is an important observation method for the precise and long-term continuous measurement of carbon-water flux in ecosystems. The observations can provide important data support for studying carbon and water cycle processes and mechanisms in terrestrial ecosystems and evaluating ecosystem carbon income and expenditure. Damao Desert Steppe Station (Damao Station) is one of the member stations of the Chinese FLUX Observation and Research Network, located in Baotou City, central Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The vegetation in the station area is a typical example of warm desert grassland in China, primarily composed of needlegrass communities. Based on the eddy covariance method, Damao station has been carrying out integrated observations of ecosystem carbon and water fluxes for a long term. This dataset compiles the observation data from Damao Station from 2015 to 2018 pursuant to the strict data processing system of ChinaFLUX. It is a standardized dataset of ecosystem CO2 flux, water and heat flux, and corresponding meteorological elements, including the data products at half-hourly, daily, monthly, and yearly scales.

TOD mode: study on land planning and land use optimization for urban rail transit station area

The rational planning of land around rail transit stations in cities can effectively improve the convenience of transportation and economic development of cities. This paper briefly introduced the transit-oriented development (TOD) mode of urban planning. We constructed a hierarchical structure for evaluating the quality of land plan-ning of urban rail transit stations through the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method. The structure started from three large aspects, i.e., traffic volume, regional environmental quality, and regional economic efficiency, and every large aspect was divided into three small aspects. Then, an optimization model was established for land planning of rail transit stations. The land planning scheme was optimized by a genetic algorithm (GA). To enhance the optimization performance of the GA, it was improved by coevolution, i.e., plural populations iterated inde-pendently, and every population replaced the poor chromosomes in the other populations with its excellent chro-mosomes in the previous process. Finally, the Jinzhonghe street station in Hebei District, Tianjin city, was taken as a subject for analysis. The results suggested that the improved GA obtained a set of non-inferior Pareto solutions when solving a multi-objective optimization problem. The distribution of solutions in the set also indicated that any two objectives among traffic volume, environmental quality, and economic efficiency was improved at the cost of the remaining objectives. The land planning schemes optimized by the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algo-rithm, the traditional GA, and the improved GA, respectively, were superior than the initial scheme, and the opti-mized scheme of the improved GA was more in line with the characteristics of the TOD mode than the traditional one and the PSO algorithm, and the fitness value was also higher. In conclusion, the GA can be used to optimize the planning design of land in rail transit areas under the TOD mode, and the optimization performance of the GA can be improved by means of coevolution.

ARRANGEMENT OF ROAD PASS PERMISSION WITH LOGARITHMIC METHOD IN GAS STATION PROCESSED RECONSTRUCTION ISLANDS

In terms of showing the details of the zoning islands within themselves, the zoning plans show different places under the application roof as additions, locations and revisions in a scale of 1/1000. In the zoning plan of 1000, some zoning islands are processed as gas station areas according to the condition of the road networks. The most critical problem in the processed gas station areas is to determine which way to enter and exit the gas station. In other words, it is the job of editing the road pass permission status. Especially in our country, this situation can be realized with the opinion of two different institutions. In this way, it is determined how many meters of road pass permission will be taken from the side of the municipality or highways, from the route under its own road dominance, from the wide part of the road and taking into account various parameters such as this. As a method, when the legal regulation with a certain upper and lower limit is considered as an exponential logarithmic function, this process can be done by determining the floor and ceiling in the logarithmic interval from bottom to top.

Measuring Effectiveness of Non-Motorized Vehicles on Spatial Extent for TOD Development: A Case Study for MRT 6 in Dhaka

To improve the effectiveness of conventional walking-based Transit-Oriented Development (TOD), introducing Non-Motorized Vehicles (NMV)-based TOD will be a more efficient alternative since it will increase the spatial extent of the TOD node’s buffer area. This paper discusses the available Bicycle-based TOD (BTOD) concept. Based on this concept, the spatial extent of NMV-based TOD (NTOD) has been calculated. A trip-based survey has been conducted on the selected regions of Dhaka along the line of MRT 6 regarding who uses NMV (Rickshaw, Bicycle) and public transport (PT) for his daily commuting. A trip chain analysis was performed first to capture the trip pattern of daily commuters. From the trip chain analysis, it has been found that PT-based trip chains dominated the city’s entire trip chain. Consequently, it has also been found that walking-only and walking-NVM accessible trips dominate 32% and 23% of the entire PT trip chains. However, based on the findings of trip chain analysis to calculate the spatial extent by developing regression models, it has been observed that the access trip length for walking ranges from 1.2-1.4 km, whereas the access trip length for NVM ranges from 4-4.7 km. In Dhaka, the catchment area of NTOD can increase the accessibility potentially by spatial extent expansion of about 70% fro m the conventional TOD. Therefore, it can be inferred that NVM will give more spatial accessibility than walking. As a result, a new window of planning and design strategies will be opened for the planners and policymakers around TOD station area planning considering NMV. Along with strategic recommendations, limitations, and future research agendas have also been discussed in this paper.

Biological and chemical oxygen demand in the Uraim River and the urbanization process. Paragominas-Pará

The preservation and reuse of water resources require the adequacy of the physical-chemical and biological parameters of the water to the current environmental legislation. In this sense, this research aimed to quantitatively analyze the biological oxygen demand - BOD and the chemical oxygen demand - COD, in an extension equivalent to 4,250 meters, from the point of water collection in the Water Treatment Station (area of less urbanization) to the left side of the PA 125 bridge (area of greater urbanization), Paragominas-PA, as well as relating the variation of these parameters to the number of inhabitants in these two places. The methodology employed was observational, systematic, direct, and laboratory analysis protocols established for Brazilian waters were observed. Statistical analysis of data after laboratory analysis was performed using the BioEstat 5.3 software, based on descriptive statistics (calculations for: mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation) and use of Pearson's linear correlation. The data obtained and analyzed indicated that both BOD (≤ 20, unpolluted waters) and COD (< 200, polluted waters) remained within the maximum permitted limits, in the two guidelines used in the six points analyzed (BOD = 0 .9±1.1; COD =1.7±0.3). However, the BOD, between P3 (0.9mg/L of O2) and P6 (1.1 mg/L of O2), more urbanized places, there was a variation for more, in the two analyzed parameters, which indicated the entry of organic matter from domestic effluents, which is harmful to aquatic ecosystems, due to the absence of adequate basic sanitation in the municipality, which could determine a higher cost for the treatment of water captured in the Uraim river, which will increase the cost of cubic meter to the community that is supplied with water distributed by the company SANEPAR.

A review of the different power system architecture at the district level and its analysis

The new power system at the station level is the phased product of the large-scale and high-proportion penetration development of wind and solar new energy. The source network load storage system with the station area as the smallest adjustable unit is constructed by using energy storage +. Different from the traditional substation area system, the architecture of the new power system at the substation area level becomes extremely complex due to the change of access terminal attributes, interaction relationship and various business types. In order to systematically describe the new power system architecture at the station district level, this paper first combs and summarizes the relevant literature at home and abroad, and summarizes the literature related to the current substation District, wind and new energy access and energy storage system regulation. Secondly, from the perspectives of demand differences, common functional requirements and non functional requirements, the requirements of station area level new power system under different application scenarios are classified and analyzed in detail. Then, a new power system for different scenarios is designed, which is divided into local equipment layer, edge control layer, station management layer and centralized control layer from bottom to top, and the functions of each layer are described in detail. Taking Zhangjiajie scenery storage and charging comprehensive energy demonstration project as an example, this paper expounds the ways of terminal data access, transmission and visualization under the framework of Taiwan district level new power system, so as to provide reference for the networking of other similar projects. Finally, the research contents of this paper are summarized, and the contents that need further research in the future are prospected.

Dynamic Load Reactive Power Optimization Based on Convolutional Neural Network VGG16 Model

<p>In reactive power optimization of distribution network, in most cases, the processing of load data is often only for the specific data under a certain operation condition, so it is difficult to classify and process the data of multiple working conditions in a certain operation stage. To solve the above problems, an optimization method basedon convolutional neural network VGG16 (visual geometry group network) is proposed. Firstly, it is classified according to the capacity proportion of transformer in the station area, and three kinds of scenes of light, medium and high are obtained. Then, particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize each kind of scene, and the corresponding optimization strategy is obtained. The effectiveness of this method to solve the problem of dynamic reactive power and voltage in the substation area is verified by simulation.</p>

An optimal scheduling of renewable energy in flexible interconnected distribution networks considering extreme scenarios

AbstractAs renewable power penetration gradually increases in hierarchical distribution networks, certain regions have started to lack the ability to consume. How to improve the consumption capacity of a hierarchical distribution network through optimal dispatching has become a hot topic in the current research on distribution system operation. Firstly, the article makes an accurate and rapid assessment of the consumption capacity of the station area through the limit scenario analysis method; secondly, based on the assessment results, the main network renewable power sources are prioritized for consumption, while the main network and the station area; thirdly, the main network renewable power sources are prioritized for consumption, considering the assessment results while the main network and the station area reach the optimal power flow simultaneously through a multi‐layer dispatching model. Then, through the flexible interconnection system, load balancing and energy optimization are performed for unconsumed distributed generation (DG) and incomplete energy storage system (ESS) in the station area to further improve the efficiency of renewable energy. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model is verified by simulation tests.

‘Citayam Fashion Week’ Phenomenon Viewed from Perspective of Family Sociology and Fulfillment of Child's Rights

The activity of Citayam Fashion Week (CFW) in the Dukuh Atas Train Station Area at Jl. Sudirman Jakarta, which is dominated by children aged in their teens who appear wearing modern and quirky clothes, has managed to attract the attention of the public in particular netizens. But behind this phenomenon, the CFW event raises concerns because the majority of participants are children aged 15-18 years who spend their daily time in the area without parental supervision. This study aims to analyze the CFW phenomenon from the perspective of Family Sociology and Fulfillment of Child's Rights. This study uses a descriptive qualitative research method with secondary data. The results of the study found that children who were involved in CFW activities did not get their welfare rights from their parents. In accordance with the definition of the Child Protection Act, where a person who is not yet 18 years old is a child whose rights are protected by the state, and in development they still need the guidance, supervision and affection of their parents. Parents are obliged to provide direction and accompany the growth and development of children and fulfill children's rights including the right to education, the right to a family environment and other rights. The main thing in human development is the fulfillment of basic needs, where if these basic needs are not met, it will have a significant impact on the growth and development of children. In conclusion, the Citayam Fashion Week phenomenon has a negative side where parents or families who are supposed to be the parties to fulfill children's rights and prepare children to become qualified human resourceshave neglected to carry out their responsibilities. The function of the family as social control in society has also shifted.

Development of railway station plazas: Impact on land prices of surrounding areas

Improvement in the built environment is an essential component of transit-oriented development; however, the economic effects of such investments have not yet been fully understood because their investigation requires a suitable empirical case. Using the decentralized development of station plazas, this study identified the conditions under which plaza development raises the economic value of the surrounding areas. We empirically analyzed the impact of station plaza development on the land prices of 3870 properties in the surrounding areas at 181 of the 1556 stations in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area from 2000 to 2010, where station plazas were developed for the revitalization of station areas in a mature urban economy. Mahalanobis distance matching was applied to obtain the treatment effect, and the heterogeneity in the effects on the land price of properties by land-use pattern and geographical location was analyzed. The results showed that the properties benefited from station plaza development depending on the accessibility to and from the nearest station and the Tokyo Station (the central station) and their land-use patterns. The study found that there could be a redistributive effect in that the plaza development had positive effects on land price changes around the stations and negative effects in places far from the stations.

Deformation behavior and triggering mechanism of the Tuandigou landslide around the reservoir area of Baihetan hydropower station

Deformation behavior and triggering mechanism of the Tuandigou landslide around the reservoir area of Baihetan hydropower station