Static Body Research Articles

Social Media and the Global Lawyer: An Analysis of the Restrictions on Commercial Advertising in the Nigerian Legal Profession.

The legal profession is regarded as one of the noble profession, if not the noblest on earth. The legal profession from inception over a million years ago has had the mindset of sustaining Justice and equity under the law of the land. A society cannot exist without its laws or legal body to regulate the activities of the country in respect to law, justice and equity. Having established the role of the legal profession in a country and its vitality for a nation to stand, we need to understand that from the evolution through centuries, media has been used to enhance the function and advancement or development of the legal body. These media include the social media, selective communication channels or personal interface among people in the legal profession or associated to it in one way or another. In line with the topic at hand, I will be considering various angles of the topic like the contribution of social media to the global lawyer, the status quo regarding advertising in the legal profession, effect of restrictions or limitations if any, benefits or consequences of these restriction being removed and the overall profit of social media in keeping the status quo. The first question becomes, what is the contribution of social media to the global lawyer? What are the overall profit, growth and outcome for embracing social media in the legal profession? The social media has been a stepping stool to socialization and establishment of international and local connections thereby creating a proper network of association of lawyers. The social media has aided the commercial advertising of firms through LinkedIn and has promoted the integrity and stands of the profession. The social media seen as a collectivity of social network base has served as grounds for the exchange of information and effective communication in the legal profession. Due to the social changes of man and his environment, the law has also had changes to fit into the social evolution of man and the social media and its advancements has been of great help in updates, reformation and embrace of change in the legal profession. In a world where we had no collective network of lawyers which the social media provides now, our law will be static, repulsive and repugnant to fairness, good conscience and equity. A world where a lawyer just has to sit in his office awaiting clients, consoled with a law library of outdated books and judgments, little or no knowledge on the global changes in the legal profession; then this world is one which paints the legal profession as a static body which is backdated and unable to compete globally.

The detection of the upper boundary of breasts using 4D scanning technology

ABSTRACT Anthropometric measurements such as breast volume are directly associated with the product development for bras. However, a non-contact method that accurately detects the upper boundary of breasts has not been reported. By taking advantage of the time delay in the vertical displacement between the breasts and the chest wall during physical activity, we 4D-scanned 26 female participants using Temporal 3dMD system and proposed a method to visualise the amount of variability for this relative displacement, so as to reveal the upper boundary of breasts on static 3D body scans. This is also one of the first studies that investigate the vertical displacement and the shape deformation of breasts during running using 4D scanning technology. Ultimately, the method and results can increase the understanding of breast kinematics, and benefit the product design of bras, especially for sports bras, and other products for women that require a close fit to the torso.

Aspectos subjetivos da imagem corporal em mulheres com fibromialgia

Introduction: Body image refers to the figuration of the body in the mind, has a strong experiential component, and is permeated by subjective aspects. Objective: To analyze the subjective aspects of body image in women with fibromyalgia. Methods: This was an observational cross-sectional study. Participants were 16 women with a confirmed diagnosis for at least six months. The instrument used was the Human Figure Drawing (HFD), a projective technique for the exclusive useof psychologists, following the procedures established in the specialized literature. The examination of the material was carried out independently by two expert evaluators, who usedmeaning attribution criteria established in classic publications in psychological evaluation. Results: The following indicators in the participants’ drawings were highlighted: medium thickness and continuous line, small size, location in the fourth quadrant, presence of reinforcements and representations of joints, figures with static body posture, and simplified facial features. These indicators were interpreted as signs suggestive of passivity, insecurity, inhibition, feeling of inferiority, conflicts regarding difficulties in contact, propensity to take refuge in fantasy, idealization, regression, and attempts at omnipotent control, psychic rigidity, and devitalization. Therefore, the body image of the participants seemed to bedetermined by mental representations that include the body, but are not restricted to their biological dimensions or the physical limitations resulting from the symptomatic manifestations offibromyalgia. Conclusion: The participants’ body image had an inherently negative value since it was subjectively shaped by internalized and unconscious unfavorable concepts about themselves.

Novel Noncontinuous Carouseling Approaches for MEMS-Based North Seeking Using Kalman Filter: Theory, Simulations, and Preliminary Experimental Evaluation

This article proposes two novel strategies to estimate the complete attitude of a stationary body, exploiting the measurements of a commercial micro electromechanical system composed of a triaxial gyroscope and a triaxial accelerometer. These methods, both based on the Kalman Filter framework, can solve the problem of the North seeking with high accuracy, without the use of digital magnetic compasses or fiber optic gyrosopes. The first method, called one axis carouseling, is an extension of the classic carouseling approach, and makes use of a noncontinuous rotation about one axis and of an active roll and pitch compensation system. The two axes carouseling is based on two noncontinuous rotations about different axes. Both methods have been validated with simulation tests, based on real sensor and rotary stages characteristics, where the body heading was estimated with high accuracy after convergence. Preliminary experimental tests with the novel one axis strategy have been performed; the results are very promising in light of future developments.

Systematic changes of the static upper body posture with a symmetric occlusion condition

BackgroundTemporary occlusal changes and their influence on the upper body statics are still controversially discussed. Furthermore, concrete statements on whether age- or gender-specific differences in neurophysiological reactions exist are missing. Therefore, it is the aim of this study to evaluate the immediate effects of a symmetrical occlusion blocking on the upper body posture. These effects shall be investigated for both genders and for a larger age range.MethodsIn this study, 800 (407f/393 m) subjects volunteered aged from 21 to 60 years. Both genders were divided into four age groups according to decades. The three-dimensional upper body posture was measured by using the rasterstereography (ABW-Bodymapper). The habitual static posture was measured in two dental occlusion conditions (a) in rest position and (b) symmetrical blocking in the bicuspid region by cotton rolls.ResultsA significant reduction of the trunk length (0.72 mm; p < 0.001), an increase of the lumbar (0.30°; p < 0.001) and the thoracic bending angle (0.14°; p = 0.001), a reduction of the spinal forward decline (0.16°; p < 0.001) and a reduction of the scapular distance (0.36 mm; p = 0.001) was found. Gender-specific reactions can only be recorded in scapular distance, in that regard men reduce this distance while over all age groups women did not show a significant change.DiscussionSlight gender- and age-independent reactions due to a symmetric occlusion blockade are shown: A gender independent reaction of the spinal related variables in the sagittal plane (thoracic and lumbar flexion angle, trunk length, spinal forward decline). In addition, a gender specific change of the shoulder blade distance could be observed, where men reduced the distance while female did not show a change. However, since these reactions are of a minimum amount, it can be concluded that neurophysiological compensation mechanisms work equally well regardless of age and sex, and the upper body posture of healthy people changes only very slightly due to a temporarily symmetrical altered bite position.

4D Scanning - Dynamic View on Body Measurements

Fitting test in movement are an important issue not only in work and sports wear since garment should not restrict the range of motion. Therefore, dynamic anthropometry is a major research topic. Until now, only static position could be captured. Still, it is not known how body geometry changes in dynamic movement. In IGF project “Mobilityrestrictions” photogrammetry scanner “Little Alice” was investigated regarding 4D. It enables serial recording in seconds. The aim of the research project was beside other to identify differences between static and dynamic body measurements. &#x0D; Scanner “Little Alice” has never been utilized for body form analysis. Therefore, a basic research was performed. Several parameters were examined by iterative tests before scan procedure was defined. Three work or sport related movements were defined and compared to standard position: Biceps curl, leg flex and squat. The changes in scan surface were investigated by a three-step analysis: body measurements, cross sections and a 3D analysis. Scan procedure was performed by six test subjects German sizes 50 and 58, age group 25 – 55 years. &#x0D; The results show that photogrammetry can be utilized to investigate body geometry changes due to movement. Body surface deviations have been investigated. Thus, not in all cases there were differences between static and dynamic scans. Yet, body geometry alters. 4D scanning enables comprehensive analysis of body geometry changes due to movement. Body measurement and surface alterations can be visualized and quantified. Scans of motions may be used to validate 3D simulation avatars.

Pengaruh inlet hub angle terhadap daya turbin propeller pada aliran horisontal

Now ULH-related research has become a trend among researchers in hydroelectric power. One form of ULH can be water in pipe. Meanwhile, utilization of horizontal channels as power plants is still low, because the yields obtained are not large enough. Utilization of ULH horizontal flow can be an interesting topic for renewable energy at pico scale, where the reaction turbine that is suitable in this case is propeller turbine. The advantages of propeller turbines are practical, high efficiency, simple, and low production costs. Propeller rotors used in this study had a diameter of 83 mm and a blade inclination of 25°. This study uses addition of a static bulb body to increase the speed of fluid flow, ratio of static bulb used in this study is 0.6. Discharge used is varied from 7 l/s, 9 l/s, 11 l/s, and 13 l/s. This study aims to determine the effect of inlet hub angle blade of turbine performance on horizontal flow in pipe. The highest results on use of the largest discharge are 33° inlet hub angle which produces 17.2 watts at 1283 RPM shaft rotation, and the coefficient of performance (CP) obtained reaches 54%. However increasing the value of the inlet angle of blade hub does not linearly increase the value of mechanical power. The blade with an inlet angle of 44° has the smallest performance, the mechanical power generated is only 13.9 watts at 1045 RPM.

Effect of neuromuscular balance on static balance in adult and elderly populations

Introduction: Postural control has two behavioral goals: postural balance and orientation, which are achieved through a dynamic relationship between sensory information and muscle activity. To maintain body balance, the vestibular, optical and proprioceptive systems must be fully functioning. Neuromuscular balance (NB), developed by François Soulier, is a non-manipulative method that involves applying a soft vibration or a micro-thrust with a small mechanical device to a joint or vertebra in order to induce realignment and readjustment. Objective: To identify the biomechanical effect of NB upon static balance and body oscillations of adults and the elderly through stabilometry. Methodology: In this interventional study, 20 healthy volunteers - 10 young adults (aged between 18 and 30 years old) and 10 elderly (aged between 60 and 80 years old) - were subjected to 10 consecutive weekly NB sessions. Stabilometry was assessed at baseline and after the 10th intervention (center of pressure (COP) behavior parameters: total area in mm2, laterolateral and anteroposterior width in mm). Results: Anteroposterior as well as total area oscillations significantly decreased in the adult population (p&lt;0.0179 and p&lt;0.0242, respectively). Additionally, all parameters were reduced in both groups, although differences between pre and post intervention were not statistically significant. Conclusion: NB effectively decreased anteroposterior and total area oscillations of adult patients, positively contributing to static balance.

Analysis of English teaching based on convolutional neural network and improved random forest algorithm

At present, English teaching does not play the role of a smart classroom, and it is difficult to grasp the student status and characteristics in real time in actual teaching. Based on this, starting from the video image and static image and the actual situation of English classroom teaching, this study, based on the convolutional neural network and random forest algorithm, performs static image human behavior recognition under different image representation conditions, and studies the influence of background information of image and spatial distribution information of image features on recognition accuracy. Then, based on the similarity between different behavior classes, a static image human body behavior recognition method based on improved random forest is proposed. In addition, through theoretical research, an algorithm model that can identify the characteristics of English classrooms is constructed, and the static and dynamic images of English teaching are taken as an example to conduct experimental analysis. The research shows that the proposed method has certain effects and can provide theoretical reference for subsequent related research.

Prediction of Final Body Height for Female Patients With Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.

Study Design:Retrospective cohort study.Objectives:To explore the possibility of predicting final body height at maturity based on associating parameters at the time of diagnosing adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), while examining the effect of curve magnitude and deterioration.Methods:A total of 284 female patients with AIS (mean age 12.2 ± 1.1 years, 52.5% premenarchal) were followed till skeletal maturity, indicated by ≥Risser stage 4, static body height and arm span over the past 6 months, and postmenarche 2 years. Standing body height, arm span, menarchal status, Risser staging, distal radius and ulna (DRU) classification, Sanders staging (SS), Cobb angles (major and minor curves), and Lenke curve types at initial presentation were examined. Patients with/without curve deterioration were compared. Multiple linear regression was used for predicting final body height (cm), and remaining height increase (%).Results:Baseline body height was 152.1 ± 7.1 cm and major curve Cobb angle was 27.1° ± 7.4°, whereas at maturity they were 159.5 ± 5.4 cm and 32.5° ± 9.3°, respectively. For patients presented at Risser stage 0 or 1, radius grade (R) 6, ulnar grade (U) 5, or SS3, those with curve deterioration exhibited greater height increase potential at initial presentation (P < .05) than those without deterioration. No intergroup difference was found for patients presented at ≥Risser 2, R7, U6, SS4. Predictive baseline parameters were age, body height, Cobb angle (major curve), curve type, and DRU grades. Prediction models of final body height (R 2 = 0.735, P < .001) and remaining height increase (R 2 = 0.742, P < .001) were established.Conclusions:Final body height prediction model was derived for female patients with AIS, with baseline body height and ulnar grading having larger impacts than other parameters.

Einfluss eines passiven Exoskeletts zur Rückenunterstützung auf die subjektive körperliche Beanspruchung und subjektive Beschwerdewahrnehmung bei simulierten Tätigkeiten mit statischer Oberkörpervorneigung und dynamischen Hebebewegungen

Influence of a passive trunk exoskeleton on subjective physical strain and perceived discomfort during simulated tasks with static trunk flexion posture and dynamic lifting Objective: The influence of a passive back-supporting exoskeleton on perceived physical strain and discomfort was investigated in two occupational tasks. Methods: Thirty-six men (average age 26 years) performed simulated occupational tasks with and without the Laevo® exoskeleton in a balanced and randomised within-subject design. One of the activities was a dynamic lifting task (2 x 5 lifting processes, 11.6 kg load), which was performed with and without exoskeleton in a stoop (stretched knees) and squat position (flexed knees). The second activity was a 90-second sorting task with a static and 40° flexed upper body posture. Subjective physical strain was recorded by the “physical demand” dimension of the NASA-TLX questionnaire, discomfort by an 11-level numeric rating scale. The localisation of discomfort was also reported. The differences between the conditions with and without exoskeleton were analysed for both tasks and lifting postures (stretched vs. flexed knees). Results: With exoskeleton, there was always a small reduction in perceived physical strain levels (p &lt; 0.05). Discomfort was rare, low and mainly in the lower back. For the sorting task with exoskeleton, the median level of discomfort intensity was one point lower (p &lt; 0.05) than without exoskeleton. The frequency of discomfort was also lower with exoskeleton. There were no differences in the intensity of discomfort during dynamic lifting. When the exoskeleton was applied during lifting with stretched knee joints, the frequency of discomfort was slightly reduced; no differences occurred with flexed knee joints. Conclusion: The main potential of the studied exoskeleton appears to lie in activities with a static bent upper body posture. Longitudinal studies with a randomised controlled design are necessary to evaluate whether the possible potential described here is relevant to the prevention of work-related back complaints. Keywords: workplace design – back pain – assistive device

Relationship between Unilateral Posterior Crossbite and Human Static Body Posture

Background: We compared photogrammetry-assessed body posture between young adults with and without unilateral posterior crossbite (UPCB). Assessments were controlled by vision, mandibular position and sitting/standing position. In addition, we aimed to determine the relationship between UPCB laterality and the direction of body posture using photogrammetry and a static postural platform. Methods: Adults with natural dentition, with and without UPCB, were enrolled. Static body posture was assessed by photogrammetry based on horizontal acromial alignment and horizontal anterior-superior iliac spine (ASIS) alignment. Frontal photographs were taken with participants asked to open or close their eyes and hold their jaws at rest, at an intercuspal position, and at left or right lateral positions. Distribution of foot pressure was recorded using a static postural platform at different visual input and mandibular positions. General linear models with repeated measures were used to assess the effect of the various within- and between-subject factors. Results: In total, 36 adults (left UPCB = 12; Right UPCB = 6; controls = 18) participated. There were significant differences between the control and UPCB groups in horizontal alignment at the acromion (p = 0.035) and ASIS (p = 0.026) levels when controlled by visual input and mandibular position. No significant differences in horizontal alignment or foot pressure distribution were observed by laterality in the UPCB group. Conclusion: The presence of UPCB affects static body posture, but the side of crossbite is not related to the direction of effect on static body posture.

Wave-Structure Interaction for a Stationary Surface-Piercing Body Based on a Novel Meshless Scheme with the Generalized Finite Difference Method

The wave-structure interaction for surface-piercing bodies is a challenging problem in both coastal and ocean engineering. In the present study, a two-dimensional numerical wave flume that is based on a newly-developed meshless scheme with the generalized finite difference method (GFDM) is constructed in order to investigate the characteristics of the hydrodynamic loads acting on a surface-piercing body caused by the second-order Stokes waves. Within the framework of the potential flow theory, the second-order Runge-Kutta method (RKM2) in conjunction with the semi-Lagrangian approach is carried out to discretize the temporal variable of governing equations. At each time step, the GFDM is employed to solve the spatial variable of the Laplace’s equation for the deformable computational domain. The results show that the developed numerical method has good performance in the simulation of wave-structure interaction, which suggests that the proposed “RKM2-GFDM” meshless scheme can be a feasible tool for such and more complicated hydrodynamic problems in practical engineering.

Motion Artifact Reduction for Respiratory Monitoring: A Multichannel Ultrasound Sensor for Diaphragm Tracking

The ability to assess the respiratory rate reliably is vital in the application of remote health monitoring. A newly developed pulmonary monitoring system based on diaphragm wall motion tracking is evaluated under human physical activity. Diaphragm excursions are tracked by a designed ultrasound sensory system utilizing three ultrasound PZT5 piezo transducers. We assess the accuracy and reliability of this system in monitoring the diaphragmatic function and its contribution to the respiratory workload. We also examine inertial and pulse-oximetry sensors as two alternative methods. Measurements are compared to a spirometer as the gold standard. The tests are designed in this study to investigate the performance of employed sensors in both the stationary and non-stationary human body situations. We conclude that by the direct tracking of the diaphragm motion, the proposed ultrasound system is fundamentally robust to motion artifacts. Outstanding results were obtained for the proposed system from six subjects in six different test models with an average sensitivity, specificity and false alarm of 89.7%, 93.1%, and 6.3%, respectively.

Effects of Footwear and Workload on Static Body Balance of Farmers

Effects of Footwear and Workload on Static Body Balance of Farmers

Early motor reactivity to observed human body postures is affected by body expression, not gender

The early response to emotional stimuli involves a transient suppression of motor reactivity to favor monitoring of emotionally relevant information. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), we have previously shown that viewing emotional body postures induces an early and transient reduction in motor excitability. Yet, it remains unclear whether early motor responses to emotional bodies are automatic or influenced by top-down factors such as task- or gender-related effects. To address these issue, we administered TMS over the right motor cortex (M1) during observation of still pictures of fearful expressions, happy expressions, neutral movements and neutral static body postures, and recorded motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) at an early phase of processing (i.e., at 100–125 ms from stimulus onset). To test gender-related effects, we presented male and female models to male and female participants. To test task-related effects, we asked participants to categorize the different body postures into either four (4AFC: fearful, happy, neutral movements, or static postures) or two distinct categories (2AFC: emotional or neutral postures). Results showed a reduction of MEPs for fearful and happy body postures relative to neutral movements and static postures. This motor suppression was not influenced by the gender of the actor, the gender of the observer, or the task performed. These findings indicate that early motor responses to observed human body postures are affected by the type of expression displayed by the observed model more than by task- or gender-related effects, suggesting these responses may be relatively automatic.

The Effect of Padded Adhesive Dressing and Static Body Position on Sacral Interface Pressure.

Padded adhesive bandages are frequently used in the inpatient setting for sacral pressure injury prevention, but it is unclear whether they truly decrease interface pressure. We hypothesized such devices reduce sacral peak interface pressure in the supine position, which would be further reduced in 30-degree reclined and upright seated positions. Study participants rested with their sacrum on a pressure-sensing mat, in 3 positions, for 30 seconds each: (1) sitting upright; (2) supine; and (3) supine against 30-degree wedge. Measurements were made with and without a padded adhesive bandage overlying the sacrum. Age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) were collected. These variables were entered sequentially, in an a priori order to construct a linear mixed-effects model. Forty healthy adults participated. After controlling for by-subject variation, age, and sex, BMI did not influence peak sacral pressure (P = 0.22), although the effect of body position was significant (P < 0.01). Subsequent addition of padded adhesive dressing was nonsignificant (P = 0.17); sacral peak pressure was similar with a padded adhesive dressing (247.8 ± 147.3 mm Hg) or without (mean ± standard deviation = 229.8 ± 127.7 mm Hg). Lastly, there was no significant interaction between BMI and body position (P = 0.11). Padded adhesive bandages did not reduce interface pressure in any position. Sacral pressure was highest in the supine position and was not specifically affected by BMI. If padded bandages provide clinically significant reduction in pressure injury incidence, it is not simply through the reduction of interface pressure.

Stop-Motion Photography Techniques

Stop-motion is an animation technique in which an object is physically manipulated and photographed on a single frame of motion picture film so that it appears to move on its own. The object is moved in small increments between individually photographed frames, creating the illusion of movement when the series of frames is played as a fast sequence. With the advent of digital imaging technology, stop-motion can also be implemented using digital photographic cameras, and not only using traditional cinematographic cameras that allow photographing a frame by frame, which contributed a lot to the spread of this technique, and also facilitated the ability to control the final results of the speed of movement With computer software specialized in combining a set of stills into one video. There are difficulties facing maintaining the continuity of the event carried out with stop-motion because there is absolutely no event at all, as well as the difficulty of maintaining homogeneity between successive frames in terms of exposure, clarity, color and composition, in addition to the difficulty of showing the reality of movement and controlling its rhythm to an already static body. Therefore, in this research we will study all the techniques of stop-motion photography, whether those related to shooting, animating or transition between different shots, in order to find out how to achieve continuity, homogeneity and realism, in films implemented with stop-motion technique.

Dynamic stress state of underground pipelines at junctions

A one-dimensional statement of unsteady wave problem of a longitudinal monochromatic wave propagation and reflection from a rigid stationary barrier to which an underground pipeline abuts is given. The linear viscoelastic Eyring model, which describes limited creep and limited relaxation, is taken as the pipeline strain law. Eyring model allows us to describe the behavior of underground steel and polymer pipelines under dynamic loading. The problem is solved numerically using the theory of characteristics, followed by the finite difference method in an implicit scheme. Numerical solutions obtained in the form of dependences of plane wave parameters: longitudinal stress, velocity and strain for fixed sections of the pipeline are analyzed in the paper. An analysis of changes in these wave parameters shows that at high frequencies of dynamic load generating the wave, the stress amplitude in the pipeline increases by two or more times compared to the load amplitude. This is due to the superposition of incident and reflected waves in the pipeline and to a high loading rate of the pipeline. At low frequencies of dynamic loading, such an increase is not observed due to the low loading rate. The obtained numerical solutions allow choosing the statement of problems on dynamic stress state of an underground pipeline depending on the frequency of incident wave. It is shown that the greatest longitudinal stress in an underground pipeline arises in points (sections) close to its connection with a rigid stationary solid body.

The contribution of SPECT/CT in patients with radionuclide shuntography through shunt dysfunction

ObjectiveRadionuclide CSF study is a simple, effective, and low-radiation-dose procedure for the assessment of shunt patency. With the help of CT image of single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT), the interpretation becomes more accurate and easier.The aim of this study was to compare the classical methods and 2D planar scintigraphic images with radionuclide shuntography fused SPECT/CT. MethodsBetween 2015-2019 all hydrocephalic patients who underwent radionuclide shuntography and classical methods (cranial CT, USG and/or direct X-rays), for suspected VP shunt malfunction at our hospital were retrospectively enrolled in the study. Fusion with SPECT/CT is provided in all radionuclide shuntographies.Approximately 0.5–1 mCi diethylene-triaminepentaaceticacid (DTPA) was intrathecally injected. Images were collected as 5-second frames for the first minute, and 1-min frames for the second to the 30th min. Static whole body images were obtained as early (30 min) and delayed (120 min) images. SPECT/CT was performed in 120 min. ResultsWhen the classical methods were evaluated in the operated patients, according to the direct radiographic findings, in only 17 patients had shunt dysfunction due to disconnection-kinking or laceration, was obtained.On the other hand,while67 shuntography were evaluated,65 of these patients (97%) whose intraoperative and shuntography findings were found to be compatible with each other. ConclusionThe 3D SPECT images combined with the two-dimensional planar images added to the CT provide more accurate information and also provide detailed anatomical information. The patient's operation was performed successfully in one session in cooperation with the other surgical branches when needed.