State Sanitary Research Articles

THE INFLUENCE OF SANITARY AND HYGIENIC WORKING CONDITIONS OF MINERS OF "LVIVVUHILLIA" ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF DEFORMING ARTHROSIS

The work carried out the comparative evaluation of sanitary and hygienic working conditions of mining workers of breakage face and machinists of shearer mining machines of the SE "Lvivvuhillia". The technology of underground coal mining caused by the interconnected set of basic and auxiliary production processes of extraction and transportation of coal, as well as conducting appropriate preparatory works. The main mining occupations, without which it is impossible to carry out the coal mining cycle of works, include "mining worker of breakage face" (MWBF) and "machinist of shearer mining machines" (МSMM). The aim of the study was the estimation of the influence of sanitary and hygienic working conditions of MWBF and МSMM on the development of deforming arthrosis. The research evaluated the sanitary and hygienic working conditions of mining workers of breakage face and machinists of shearer mining machines of the SE "Lvivvuhillia" on the basis of the processed and generalized data of 40 sanitary and hygienic characteristics of labor activity (29 MWBF and 11 МSMM) for 2015-2017. The obtained data were compared with the normative values of the State Sanitary Norms and Regulations according to the Order № 248 dated from 08.04.2014 "Hygienic Classification of Labor on the Indicators of Hazard and Danger of the Factors of the Production Environment, the Severity and Stress of the Labor Process". Installed that the levels of the main production factors of the development of deforming arthrosis in the workplaces of miners of the main occupations exceeded the approved hygienic standards: moving cargo over a considerable distance (more than 5 meters) among МSMM - to 2072 kg/m, among MWBF - by 1.62 - to 28424 kg/m; lifting and moving goods among MWBF - by 2.2 heavier loads than norm (33 kg against 15 kg, respectively); the static load of miners was excessive among МSMM by 1.22, among MWBF - by 2.31 (122040 kg/f; 231220 kg/f, respectively, against the norm of 100000 kg/f); prolonged stay in a forced working position among МSMM - by 2.52 longer than norm (63 kg/f against 25 kg/f, respectively), among MWBF - by 3.40 (85 kg/f against 25 kg/f, respectively); MWBF were in the working position on the knees - by 6.5 longer than norm (65 kg/f against 10 kg/f, respectively), МSMM - by 2,6 (26 kg/f against 10 kg/f, respectively). So, the mining and geological characteristic of deposits of the Lviv-Volyn coal basin promotes the creation of dangerous working conditions for miners of the main occupations, causing the risk of development of musculoskeletal system pathology, including deforming arthrosis. The main risk factors of development of deforming arthrosis among the miners of these occupations are defined such factors of the production environment as: the severity and intensity of the labor process.

ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ В ПРЕДЭКСПЛУАТАЦИОННОЙ ЭКСПЕРТИЗЕ ЗДАНИЙ И ОБОРУДОВАНИЯ ОБЩЕОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫХ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ

For the purpose of the development of novel approaches during the commission stage, the hygienic assessment of conditions of training in specially constructed innovative building of SKOLKOVO International Gymnasium was performed. Hygienic examination of innovative architectural and planning solutions, learning conditions and hygienic modeling of the optimal placement of furniture and equipment in multi-faceted educational facilities with panoramic glazing made it possible to predict the provision of the gymnasium with an optimal level of sanitary and epidemiological well-being of students. This is achieved by the innovative layout of the gymnasium building and its territory. Hygienic specification of zoning of both buildings and premises of the educational institution, include the requirements to satisfy the hygienic criteria on children education, motor activity, organization of proper nutrition, and using the building as a center for family leisure. Hygienic modeling of educational furniture and equipment provides optimal conditions (viewing angle) for visual work of students in all multifaceted classes. The obtained data are the basis for amendments to the state sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations in the field of organization of education and upbringing of children.

ECYINOCCOSES IN THE URAL FEDERAL OKRUG OF RUSSIA. REPORT 2: EPIZOOTICAL ACPECTS OF THE ISSUE

Using the results of a long-term research in infestation of wild and domestic animals with E. granulosus and E. multilocularis, as well as data provided by the regional veterinary service management and the Federal Centre of Gossanepidnadzor (State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision Agency), we point at the urgency of the echinoccosis problem in the animals of the Ural Federal Okrug. The problem that has become medico-veterinary and social in our country demands not only to systematically survey the biocenotic composition of natural, combined and synanthropic foci in the territory of the Federal Okrug, but also does it dictate the necessity to conduct constant sanitary and anti-epidemic measures in synanthropic foci.

ЭХИНОКОККОЗ ЖИВОТНЫХ И ЧЕЛОВЕКА В ВАХДАТСКОМ РАЙОНЕ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ТАДЖИКИСТАН

The scope is to study the prevalence of echinococcosis in animals and humans in the Vakhdat district of the Republic of Tajikistan. The research is shown that the Vakhdat district is endemic for echinococcosis. The disease affects cattle, sheep, dogs and humans. The epizootic situation of echinococcosis in animals and humans in some settlements and in the Republic of Tajikistan as a whole should be studied specifically and purposefully in close cooperation between the veterinary service, the Centers of State Sanitary Epidemiological Supervision of all levels and ecologists. This will make it possible to make a cadastre of epizootic and epidemically dangerous zones and develop specific measures to combat this disease.

Experience of the use of endovideosurgical technologies on ships of Russian navy

Experience and the increasing dynamics of application of endoscopic and endovideo surgical surgeries on surface ships of Navy is considered in the last decade. Introduction of endovideosurgical technologies began to happen also to the practician of ship surgeons to larger intensity in recent years. Modern low-invasive technologies considerably increase the level of rendering the surgical help in the sea, improve quality of treatment, promote bystreyshy recovery of seamen and their return to execution of the official duties. The case of performance of laparoscopic endovideosurgical appendectomy by team of surgeons on the Russian aircraft carrier «Admiral Kuznetsov» is described during a fighting campaign in January, 2017. It is shown that performance of endovideosurgeries is possible in the conditions of the large surface ship. At the same time not only completeness of health service of the ship the necessary endovideosurgical equipment, but also existence onboard the expert owning a technique of laparoscopic interventions remains important aspect. In the conditions of distant campaigns by the ships of Navy at urgent situations it is necessary to expand the volume of endovideosurgeries for improvement of result of treatment of the injured military personnel in the sea. Constant improvement of skills of regular doctors of the ship and the affiliated surgeons from military hospitals is necessary.

ASPECTS OF THE FORMATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF STATE SANITARY AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SUPERVISION IN THE ARMED FORCES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The article gives a brief overview of the historical stages of formation of the modern system of state sanitaryepidemiological supervision in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation from the primary elements of sanitary supervision in the regular Russian army in the XVIII century to the formation of the modern sanitary-and-epidemiologic institutions. Parallels with the development of the state sanitary and epidemiological service of Russia. Some aspects of improvement of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation from positions of introduction of the risk-oriented model of control and oversight activities. Outlined the problems of application of administrative coercive measures to officials of military units and institutions for sanitary offences committed and the ways of their solution

TOXICOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF COMBINED FUNGICIDES PROPOSED FOR APPLICATION ON CEREAL SPIKED CROPS IN UKRAINE

Toxicological assessment of combined fungicides proposed for application on cereal spiked crops in Ukraine was performed according approved State Sanitary Norms and Rules. Statistics, bibliographical methods were used in the study. The classes of hazard were established after evaluation of toxicometry parameters, which included assessment of acute oral toxicity, acute dermal toxicity, acute inhalation toxicity, irritation potential to eyes (mucous membranes) and skin, and sensitizing properties. Integral hazard class of the studied formulations was established. Formulations No.1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 can be pertained to integral hazard class 2 by acute inhalation toxicity as limiting criterion of hazard (formulation No.1 also has additional point of concern – its irritation of the skin and eyes). Formulation No.4, 6 and 8 were classified as integral hazard class 3 by the same limiting criterion of hazard, but the danger of formulation No.4 possibility to cause sensitization and irritation of the eyes was taken into account. Recommendations for the studied combined fungicides application in agricultural sector of Ukraine were given. Maximum daily time of contact with formulations for workers engaged in its application on cereal spiked crops was suggested. 4 hours per day were approved for formulations No.1,2,3,5 and 7, and 6 hours per day for No. 6 and 8, respectively

THE 95th ANNIVERSARY OF THE STATE SANITARY AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SERVICE OF RUSSIA

The paper outlines in the historical aspect the stages of formation and development of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of Russia. For more than 95-year history of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service it was focused on the task of monitoring the sanitary and epidemiological situation, the reduction of general and infectious morbidity, improvement of working and living conditions of the population, preventing the spread of dangerous infections, the elimination of harmful factors in the external environment, promotion of hygiene knowledge, the formation of the scientific base for diagnosis and treatment of infections. At the moment the leading role in this preventive work plays the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service.

The search of new biologically active compounds with antibacterial and antifungal activity among 1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol derivatives with the remnants of thiophene

The resistance of microorganisms to antimicrobial and antifungal drugs is still an actual issue in the modern world. Therefore, one of the possible ways to solve this problem is the creation of new drugs. Derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole are interesting in this aspect. In addition a lot of information is published in the scientific literature on the prospects of further research but research data on antimicrobial and antifungal action of 4-R-5-(5-bromthiophen-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiols and 4-R-methylidenamino-5-(thiophen-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiols is missing. The aim of the work. The study of antibacterial and antifungal activity of new 4-R-5-(5-bromthiophen-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiols and 4-R-methylidenamino-5-(thiophen-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiols and establishing the structure-action dependence. Materials and methods. For the studied compounds we prepared series of two-fold serial dilutions in Mueller-Hinton broth in a volume of 1 ml using an initial concentration of substance 1 mg/ml. Then in each tube we added 0,1 ml of microbial suspension (10 6 microbial cells/ml). As a standard test strains we used: Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Candida albicans . All test strains were obtained from the bacteriological laboratory of the State Institution Zaporizhzhya Regional Laboratory Center for State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of Ukraine. As a solvent of compounds we used dimethylsulfoxide (99,80%). Additionally a control culture media and solvent were held according to conventional methods. As comparison drugs we used Chlorhexidine-Zdorov'ya ® (Ukraine) and Nistatin-Zdorov'ya ® (Ukraine). Results. Analyzing the obtained data of antimicrobial and antifungal activity it was revealed that the compounds demonstrated selective antimicrobial action. Thus, 4-amino-5-(5-bromthiophen-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol showed the highest antimicrobial effect against strains of Staphylococcus aureus exceeding Chlorhexidine and antifungal effect against strains of Candida albicans approaching to comparison drug Nistatin. At the row of 4-R-methylidenamino-5-(thiophene-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiols clear patterns were not found. 4-[(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)methylidenamino]-5-(thiophene-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazol-3-thiol is interesting because of its higher antimicrobial effect than Chlorhexidine against the strains of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus . For all other compounds minor antimicrobial effect and no antifungal activity were noted. Conclusions. Antimicrobial and antifungal activity of 13 new 1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol derivatives were first time studied. Compounds which showed the highest antimicrobial activity can be used in further biological tests.

Clinic, diagnosis and treatment of children with dysplasia of the main veins

Dysplasia of the main veins is one of the little-studied problems of childhood, which often leads to the erroneous diagnosis and the wrong treatment tactics of this defect. In the angiomyrosurgical department of the Federal State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service, there were 270 children with dysplasia of the main veins in the SPbGPMU of the Russian Ministry of Health. The appearance of children with dysplasia of the main veins, in the "classical" version, is very characteristic. The extremity is disproportionately increased in volume and elongated. Smooth or bulging vascular spots are observed on the skin (often outside) as a geographical map, cyanotic (purple, "port wine") color. The pathognomonic sign is the presence of an embryonic vein, the trunk of which is of different length and caliber (from 3 to 25 mm) passes along the outer or anterior-external surface of the limb. Sometimes there is gigantism of feet, macrodactyly, syndactyly. However, the above classic clinical picture, which allows confidently diagnose dysplasia of the main veins, is not always revealed. In this regard, we examined the general, characteristic for the majority of patients factors, and those that are most important in determining the severity of the lesion in the preoperative period are identified. We propose a scheme of rational approach to the examination and treatment of sick children (270 patients), which should help optimize the treatment of patients with this malformation. It is established that the volume and type of surgical interventions depend on the type of defect and severity of the lesion.

Application of GIS for Optimization of Epidemiological Monitoring

IntroductionTechnology that combines traditional manipulations with databasesand complete visualization of geographic (spatial) analysis employingmaps has been developed in order to explore the possibilities forGeographical Information Systems (GIS) to be used in sanitaryand epidemiological surveillance system based on the analysis ofmorbidity and identification of influence of hazardous chemicalenvironmental factors on human health.MethodsGraphical analytic method of information processing allowedvisual establishing of mathematically determined cause-and-effectrelationships between levels of air chemical pollution and morbiditylevels for purulent bacterial meningitis.ResultsCalculated average annual contaminations of atmosphere of 20administrative rayons and seven cities of Lviv oblast with carbonoxide, lead, sulfur dioxide, and dust during the period 2006-2014were the objects of the study. During a year, 1,920 air samples werecollected per each ingredient for each rayon and city according tolaboratory data of facilities of the State Sanitary and EpidemiologicalService in Lviv oblast. Average annual levels of the chemicalsubstances were determined within the M.A.C. in all rayons and cities.However, 4-6% of individual samples in the rayons and 8-10% ofindividual samples in the cities exceeded the allowed concentrations,which imposed a real ecological danger.Fig. 1.Levels of carbon oxide air contamination within rayons ofLviv oblastMorbidity intensity rates for purulent bacterial meningitis weredetermined for the same period according to statistical reports oninfectious disease morbidity in Lviv oblast. In different years, humanmorbidity fluctuated from 0.7 to 2.3 per 100 thousand of populationin the oblast.The study found the correlation between the concentrations ofcarbon monoxide, lead, sulfur dioxide, and dust in the air and levels ofincidence of bacterial meningitis in people in the cities of Lviv oblastwith 1,092 thousand inhabitants, which compose 42.3% of all oblastpopulation. Correlation coefficients are r = 0.78 (p<0.001), r = 0.70(p<0.001), r = 0.51 (p<0.005), and r =0.68 (p<0.02), respectively.Fig. 2.Correlation dependencies between air contamination andpopulation morbidity rates for purulent bacterial meningitis withinrayons of Lviv oblast.The search for a correlation between chemical contaminationof atmosphere and the morbidity level the rayon population of theoblast for purulent bacterial meningitis testified the existence of astatistically significant dependence between the level of morbidityfor all population layers and atmosphere contamination with sulfurdioxide, lead, carbon monoxide, and dust. The correlation coefficientsare r = 0.62 (p<0.002), r = 0.52 (p<0.005), r = 0.63 (p<0.005), r = 0.56(p<0.05), correspondingly.The study found the correlation between the concentrationsof sulfur dioxide, and lead in the air of Lviv oblast and levels ofincidence of purulent bacterial meningitis in children. Correlationcoefficients are r = 0.55 (p<0.05) and r = 0.57 (p<0.001), respectively.ConclusionsUsing GIS approach, the study resulted in the development ofmedical-geographical maps of administrative rayons of Lviv oblast.The maps include peculiarities for each year of surveillance. Cause-and-effect relationships between the levels of the anthropogenicpollution of the air basin of Lviv oblast and morbidity levels forpurulent bacterial meningitis for the oblast population have beenspatially and temporally visualized as a study result.

Current assessment of risks of anthrax outbreaks in Ukraine

IntroductionAnthrax is an acute especially dangerous infectious disease ofanimals and humans.Bacillus anthracisis a potential bioterrorismtool. In Ukraine, there are favorable natural conditions for the spreadof anthrax. There are 13.5 thousand of constantly anthrax-troubledpoints. Anthrax epidemic situation in Ukraine could be characterizedas unstable. Because of the continuing reform of Ukrainian humanhealth entities, the State Sanitary Epidemiological Service (SSES) haslost its control functions and is remaining in an uncertain state, whichincreases possible risks.MethodsEpidemiological analysis of official data has been performedusing information from the following sources: State SanitaryEpidemiological Service of Ukraine (SSES), State Veterinary andPhytosanitary Service of Ukraine, and analytical materials fromSI UCDCM. Collected papers Distribution and EpidemiologicalCharacteristics of Major Human Infectious Diseases in Ukraine(Kyiv Research Institute of Epidemiology, Microbiology andParasitology, 1976) were also used during the study. Materials werecompiled for the period from 1945 to 2015.ResultsIn the early XX century, more than 10,000 cases of anthrax inhumans were annually registered in tsarist Russia. In 1913, 1,473cases of anthrax in animals were recorded only in Kherson province(currently, Kherson oblast of Ukraine). The morbidity among humansincreased again during the WWII. In the late 40s, massive epizooticanthrax among animals was eliminated and morbidity among peoplesignificantly reduced because of planned government measures,strengthened veterinary, sanitary, and epidemiological surveillance.Since 1950, significant reduction of incidence of human anthrax hasbeen being recorded in Ukraine.Since 1964, certification and mapping of persistent anthrax-troubled points in Ukraine have been being performed.Compulsory vaccination of people against anthrax was cancelledand compulsory vaccination of all livestock was introduced in 1990.The period from 1976 to 1993 is characterized as epidemically safe.Single cases of the disease in human were registered with intensityrates of 0.01 – 0.002 per 100,000 population (excluding 1985).No human cases were registered during the certain years: 1978, 1982,1987, 1988.The epidemic situation complicated during the period 1994-2001. The following outbreaks were registered:Table 1. Total number of disease cases/ including the numberof cases during outbreaks within regionsThe main reason for the complication of the epidemiologicalsituation was weakening of epidemiological and veterinarysurveillance during the economic crisis characterizing this period.Epizootiological outbreaks arose from incomplete anti-anthraxvaccination of agricultural animals and from violation of veterinary-sanitary rules for their keeping as well. More than 80% of humaninfection cases happened resulting compelled cattle slaughtering,while the rest 20% resulted from meat product distribution andconsumption without corresponding sanitary-veterinary expertise.Six human cases of anthrax were registered during 2002-2015.Fig. 1. Dynamics of anthrax cases in humans in Ukraine during1945 – 2015 (absolute numbers)Table 2. Chronology of anthrax epidemiological surveillancemilestones in UkraineConclusionsRelative wellbeing regarding anthrax in Ukraine persists owing tothe implementation of ruled veterinary-sanitary activities and statesanitary epidemiological surveillance in meat- and leather-processingindustries as well as because of active food control.The main risks, which could trigger complication in the currentepidemiological situation with anthrax, are the following:1) Uncertainty in the system of sanitary-epidemiological andveterinary surveillance, which resulted from the reformation of theState Sanitary-Epidemiological and State Veterinary services.2) Existence of favorable conditions for anthrax agent circulation(considerable number of persistent anthrax-troubled points in allregions).3) Economic instability in the country.4) Uncontrolled epidemic situation in the zone of the Anti-terroristoperation (Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts).

Research of safety of flax fibers for products of medical and sanitary-hygienic appointment

Modern natural fibers, including flax, from the point of view of safety for humans should be considered in terms of their chemical composition. Regulatory documents on this issue are imperfect. The reasons for this are the lack of regulation of the chemical composition of flax fiber and normalization of heavy metals in it. Therefore, the object of this research is the process of development of regulatory documents on the safety of flax fiber of medical and sanitary-hygienic appointment. It is proposed to develop modern regulatory documents taking into account the requirements of the international standard Oeko-Tex Standard 100 and the requirements of the State Sanitary Norms and Regulations. At the same time, the maximum permissible concentration of all chemical elements in flax fiber is the regulation criteria. The proposed recommendations will contribute to increasing the requirements for fiber safety and minimizing the appearance of dangerous textile products on the Ukrainian market, the production of which spends considerable resources. The introduction of these results at the enterprise will contribute to the expansion of the assortment of safe products of medical and sanitary-hygienic appointment and markets for its sale.

МІГРАЦІЯ НАСЕЛЕННЯ ТА ЇЇ ВПЛИВ НА ЕПІДЕМІЧНУ СИТУАЦІЮ З МАЛЯРІЇ У РЕСПУБЛІЦІ ТАДЖИКИСТАН

Мета: вивчити вплив міграції населення на епідемічну ситуацію з малярії у Республіці Таджикистан.Матеріали і методи. Проведено ретроспективний статистичний аналіз захворюваності на малярію та впливу міграції на епідемічну ситуацію в РТ протягом 1990–2000 рр. Інформаційна база: дані Республіканського Центру медичної статистики та інформації, Державного комітету статистики, Служби державного санітарно-епідеміологічного нагляду Республіки Таджикистан, стратегічні, програмні документи ВООЗ.Результати. Встановлено вплив міграції на епідемічну ситуацію з малярії у республіці в 1997–2000 рр.: міграція сприяла збільшенню захворюваності на малярію в 1,5–2,5 разу, стала пусковим моментом для її подальшого поширення в країні, що стосувалося і випадків тропічної та триденної форм малярії, поширених в Афганістані. Встановлено перевищення рівнів захворюваності на малярію в прикордонних з Афганістаном районах.Висновки. Виявлені особливості впливу міграції на епідемічну ситуацію з малярії доцільно враховувати при розробці заходів щодо подальшого вдосконалення профілактичних протималярійних заходів.

Discussion of antimicrobial and antifungal activity of 4-amino-5-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol

Studying new biologically active substances nowadays become increasingly important. The current range of the pharmaceutical market requires constant updating of domestic products. The main requirements for new medications are high efficiency and low toxicity. Aim. Modern pharmaceutical science separates 1,2,4-triazole derivatives as a significant class to create new biologically active compounds. Our purpose is to find novel derivatives of 4-amino-5-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol, to study their antimicrobial and antifungal activity. Objects of research are derivatives of 4-amino-5-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol. Methods and results. The sensitivity of the microorganisms to the new synthesized compounds was determined by serial dilutions method in accordance with the “methodological guidelines” at the Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology (Zaporіzhzhia State Medical University). During initial studies with drug concentrations of 1 mg / ml, a series of two-fold serial dilutions of drug in the Mueller-Hinton solution in a volume of 1 ml were prepared, and then a microbial suspension was added to each tube in amount of 0.1 ml (106 microbial cells/ml). Reference test culture of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was used for primary screening studies of synthesized substances. As a set of standard test strains we took Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Candida albicans ATCC 885–653. All test strains have been obtained from the bacteriological laboratory of the State institution “Zaporizhzhіa Regional Laboratory Center of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of Ukraine”. As a control of the antimicrobial activity of compounds we used 0.05 % chlorhexidine “Fargomed”. Total results of antifungal and antimicrobial activity. The results showed that the leader compound is 4-((4-brombenzyliden)amino)-5-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol, which showed antifungal and antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans MIC – 7,8–62.5 ug/ml, MBtsK – 15.6–250 ug/ml. Recovery of this compound, namely transition to 4-((4-bromobenzyl)amino)-5-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol, has no antifungal activity, but demonstrates antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusions. Researches have established some “structure–effect” relationship, and also found the compound, the antifungal activity of which is higher than in the reference chlorhexidine preparation.

ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКАЯ ОЦЕНКА УСЛОВИЙ ТРУДА РАБОТНИКОВ ЛОКОМОТИВНЫХ БРИГАД

Hygienic assessment of working conditions of locomotive brigades over the period 2006–2015 on the results of the Federal state sanitary and epidemiological surveillance and health monitoring was conducted. It was found that the leading factor in formation of professional pathology is the impact of physical factors.

Моніторинг фізико-хімічних показників морської води прибережної ділянки акваторії Одеської затоки при визначенні відповідного місця розташування вольєрів для утримання морських ссавців

In the article data physical and chemical indexes of salt water in the aquatorium of the Odesa Bay in the last few years are presented in the dynamics. Researches were conducted in accordance with the subjects of research work of «Research of parameters of environment for maintenance of marine animals in the conditions of aquatorium of the Odesa Bay in interests of MNF of Armed forces of Ukraine» of the Scientific research center of Armed forces of Ukraine «State Oceanarium» and on the basis of the official figures given by the «Odessa regional laboratory center of state sanitary and epidemiological service of Ukraine». Examining possibility of maintenance of dolphins and sea lions in the conditions of aquatorium of the Odesa Bay, it is necessary to take into account that among the basic sources of contamination of this area of the Black Sea along the coastal channels of river waters of Dnepr and South Bug, there is domestic wastewater from stations of biological purification of water «Southern» and «Northern», thundershower flows of cities Odessa and Chernomorsk, of objects Odessa, South and Black Sea ports, dockyard «Ukraine» and other coastal objects. Also, as catalysts of negative influence on the ecosystem of the Black sea, the unfavorable weather factors of this area of coast can be considered, namely: high temperature of salt water in summer months, periodic high winds, possible formation of ice in a winter period of and other. The aim of the advanced study became the monitoring of separate areas of coast of the Odesa bay on the basic physical and chemical, and also bacteriological indexes of salt water and changes of weather terms during a year for determining the optimal location of maintenance of marine animals in open-air cages. It is set on results researches, that only seasonal maintenance of marine mammals in open-air cages in the aquatorium of the Odesa Bay (during 6–8 months of the year) can be applied, by reason of disparity of row of sanitary epidemiology indexes of salt water to the set rules and norms. One of variants of decision of this question, the combined type of maintenance of animals was offered, that consists in translation of them in the apartment of the covered pool with the natural cleared salt water on the periods of disparity of salt water to the basic sanitary epidemiology requirements or at formation of ice in an aquatorium in a winter period.

ФАКТОРЫ ПЕРЕДАЧИ ИНФЕКЦИИ ПРИ РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИИ КИШЕЧНЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ В РАЗЛИЧНЫХ РЕГИОНАХ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ТАДЖИКИСТАН

Objective: The study of the waterway transmission as dominant, with the spread of intestinal infections. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the journals for the registration of infectious diseases, maps of epidemiological checkups of typhoid foci, dysentery, diarrheal diseases, infectious hepatitis A (HAV) for 1980-2015, as well as reports of the Republican and regional CSSES (Center for State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance) on infectious diseases were carried out. Results: The dominance of the water factor under conditions of the specific weight of Flexner shigellosis during the period of under study ranged between 75-85%. Compared with typhoid fever and bacterial dysentery, the incidence of diarrhoea in the country during the analyzed period remains at a high enough level – from 629.0 to 1206.3, and in 2015, it rose sharply and reached 2150 per 100 thousand. The indicators for the Regions of Republican Subordination, Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region and Khatlon Region varied the broad mass of the population. The performed complex of sanitary-epidemiological evaluation paths and transmission factors identified the dominant value of an aqueous (90%) and a minor role contact-domestic (6.2%) and food (3.8%) of acute intestinal infections transmission routes among the population. Conclusion: Typhoid fever, acute intestinal infections, dysentery, hepatitis A in the Republic of Tajikistan are a typical aquatic infection associated with the constant activity of the waterway transmission, which often causes large epidemic outbreaks. Keywords: Diarrheal diseases, intestinal infections, the source of drinking water-supply.

An improved method for selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases

The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitrogen dioxide in an air flow modeling the exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine is studied. Granulated V2O5 (13.5%)–MnO2 (0.7–1.0%)/Al2O3 powder (AVK-10M catalyst) and ammonia injected into a SCR catalytic cell are used as a heterogeneous catalyst of NO2 reduction and a reducing agent, respectively. If the efficiency of NO2 removal is high enough and satisfies the requirements of the State Sanitary Standards for the maximum permissible concentrations of substances emitted into the atmosphere ( $$MP{C_{N{O_2}}}$$ = 0.085 mg/m3), the reducing agent (ammonia) is not completely consumed during SCR, so a considerable amount of NH3 can be released into the atmosphere. Therefore, a strict control of both NO2 and unreacted ammonia emissions is needed. The dependences of the concentrations of [NH3] and [NO2] on the [NH3]/[NO2] ratio for the model air flow passed through the AVK-10M granular heterogeneous catalyst are measured. It is found that the maximum degree of removal of NO2 from the air takes place at [NH3]/[NO2] = 1.3. In the conventional process, the concentration of [NO2] drop from 530.00 to 0.07 mg/m3, i.e., below the $$MP{C_{N{O_2}}}$$ . At the same time, the ammonia concentration increases to [NH3] = 3.4 mg/m3, which becomes 85 times the $$MP{C_{N{O_2}}}$$ , 0.04 mg/m3. To remove unreacted ammonia from air flows, we developed [P–(SO3 -)2 · Me2+] sulfocationites, where Me are the Cu and/or Ca ions, P is a styrene–divinylbenzene copolymer. It is shown that the concentration of ammonia passed through the adsorption cell filled with a freshly sulfocationite drops below $$MP{C_{N{H_3}}}$$ = 0.04 mg/m3. The dependences of the dynamic exchange capacity (DEC) before ammonia breakthrough for the [P–(SO3 -)2 · Cu2+] delta-sulfocationite on the air flow rate, [NH3] concentration, and humidity are measured. The maximum value of the DEC, δ = 59.5 mg/cm3, is observed at an air flow velocity of 2.171 m/s, [NH3] = 0.0035 mg/L, and 75% humidity. To illustrate practical applications of the proposed improved SCR method, it is shown that a 3-L replaceable [P–(SO3 -)2 · Cu2+] sorbent cartridge in a SCR exhaust gas purifier for a car internal combustion engine does not need replacement more frequently than every 50000 km.

Тhe content of essential microelements in growth retarded children organism, depending on the short stature degree

Children and teenagers short stature is associated with significant imbalance of essential microelements, in particular, Zinc, Selenium, Manganese, Chromium, and Copper.Aim of research: a complex study of essential microelements content in children organism suffering from short stature, determination of the possible influence of essential microelements deficits on growth retardation degree.Materials and methods. 240 patients were examined: 166 boys (69.2 %) and 74 girls (30.8 %) aged 3 to 18 years (the average age was 9.65±0.17 years). 206 children and teenagers with different forms of short stature were among them: 144 boys (69.9 %) and 62 girls (30.1 %) with the average age 10.06±0.2 years. All short statured patients were divided into three groups depending on growth retardation degree. The content of microelements in hair was determined by X-Ray fluorescence method using «ElvaX–med» (Ukraine) spectrometer and method for determination of chemical elements mass fraction in hair (МВВ 081/12–450200 method), certified by Ukrainian State Committee of Standardization, Metrology and Certification (Certificate from June, 14, 2007) and proved by the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of Ukraine (Resolution №19 from December, 09, 2008). The content of microelements (Zinc, Selenium, Manganese, Chromium, and Copper) in blood plasma was determined by X-Ray fluorescence method using «ElvaX–med» (Ukraine) spectrometer using method of chemical elements measurement in plasma (МВВ 081/12-0468-07), certified by Ukrainian State Committee of Standardization, Metrology and Certification (Certificate from October, 12, 2007) and proved by the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of Ukraine (Resolution №8 from October, 05, 2000).Results. A clear correlation between the growth retardation degree and Zinc content in hair of growth retarded children – with an increase of growth retardation the average level of Zinc in hair of growth retarded children significantly decreases. Any significant difference between the Selenium content in both hair and blood plasma in patients with short stature and different degrees of growth retardation wasn’t found. Considerable reduction of Chromium level in hair and plasma of all patients with short stature comparing with the control group independently of growth retardation degree was found, but any difference between Chromium level indexes in hair of patients with different degrees of growth retardation wasn’t determined. Considerable reduction of Copper level in plasma comparing with the control indexes was determined in children with growth retardation ≥2 SD; any significant difference between indexes depending on growth retardation degree wasn’t determined; the lowest indexes of the Copper content in hair were found at growth retardation ≥3 SD. Manganese level in plasma significantly (but not considerably) is reduced in patients with growth retardation ≥2 SD comparing with patients with growth retardation less than 2 SD, and significantly reduced in relation to the control indexes.Conclusion. Essential microelements imbalance was determined in most short statured patients. The most significant misbalance of was found in Zinc indexes in hair of patients