State Provision Research Articles

Administrative Procedures of Provision of State and Municipal Support in the Agricultural Sphere in the Conditions of the Transformation of Public Administration in Russia

Administrative Procedures of Provision of State and Municipal Support in the Agricultural Sphere in the Conditions of the Transformation of Public Administration in Russia

Principals’ and Teachers’ Awareness, Knowledge, and Differentiation of Privatization — A Secondary Publication

Based on the keynote report by Professor Martin Thrupp, this paper discusses the hollowing out of educationprovision by the state and the permeation of managerialism. It was pointed out that principals and boards of trustees in socioeconomically advantaged areas may not be willing to share their benefits with schools in less advantaged areas. The new liberal policies have hollowed out state provision of education, so the education system has come to rely heavily on private actors. This paper also presents the current stage of privatization in Japan and the principals’ and teachers’ perceptions of privatization.

Barriers and facilitators to pre-exposure prophylaxis uptake among Black/African American men who have sex with other men in Iowa: COM-B model analysis.

In Iowa, men who have sex with men (MSM) accounted for 54% of persons with HIV in 2022 and Non-Hispanic Black/African Americans were over 10 times more likely to be diagnosed with HIV than Non-Hispanic white Iowans. To address this disparity in HIV incidence and prevalence, the United States (US) government ending the HIV epidemic (EHE) initiative seeks to expand pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) coverage across the United States. Recent data showed that PrEP coverage is suboptimal in Iowa (a rural state), and Black Iowans were less likely to engage with PrEP services. Using capability, opportunity, motivation and behavior (COM-B) model for behavior change, this study sought to identify the key barriers and facilitators to PrEP uptake among Black/African American MSM in small urban areas in Iowa. This was a phenomenological study aimed to explore subjective views of Black MSM on PrEP use. In-depth semistructured interviews were conducted with 12 Black MSM aged 20-42 years in two small urban counties. Broad themes identified from the interview transcripts were analyzed inductively and mapped onto the COM-B constructs deductively. Results showed that barriers to PrEP uptake were closely associated with five (of six) COM-B subcomponents: physical capability, psychological capability, social opportunity, reflective motivation, and automatic motivation. The thematized barriers were (1) lack of medical insurance; (2) limited PrEP awareness; (3) PrEP stigma; (4) fear of distrust among partners; (5) anticipated side effects; and (6) doubt about PrEP effectiveness. Similarly, facilitators to PrEP uptake were aligned with four subcomponents of COM-B model: physical capability, psychological capability, social opportunity, and physical opportunity. The thematized facilitators were (1) increased PrEP awareness; (2) PrEP access without discrimination; (3) state provision of PrEP to uninsured; and (4) physicians buy-in and recommendation. No motivation-related facilitators were reported. To reduce the current disparity in HIV incidence and to achieve the EHE goals of expanding PrEP coverage in Iowa, efforts should be directed toward the provision of low-cost or free PrEP services, healthcare providers' training on cultural competence, and the development of culturally appropriate strategies to deliver PrEP to the Black MSM community.

Sistem Bagi Hasil Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Terhadap Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Islam Di Desa Sekutur Jaya Kecamatan Serai Serumpun Kabupaten Tebo

One of the systems for cultivating oil palm plantations used by residents in Allied Jaya is the profit sharing system (musaqah). For farmers who do not have garden land, they work to manage the gardens of other farmers who have land. All costs in terms of cultivating the land are borne by the land owner. Apart from that, the custom of the people of Aller Jaya Village in carrying out cooperation in sharing plantation products is not to set a time limit, not to write down a written agreement, and there are no witnesses in its implementation. The provisions in muamalah fiqh state that every time an agreement is made, a time limit must be set and it should be written down to avoid disputes between the two parties. However, this cannot be separated from the knowledge and understanding of the people of Aller Jaya Village. The aim of this research is to find out how the oil palm plantation profit sharing system affects the welfare of the community in the village of Allyr Jaya from an Islamic economic perspective. Checking the validity of the data using Triangulation techniques and data collection methods using observation, interviews and documentation. The informants for this research are land owners and land cultivators. Based on the results of this research, it shows that the existence of this profit sharing cooperation has an impact on the welfare of the community in terms of material needs, increasing income so that daily needs are met. However, not only material needs can be met, spiritual needs can also be met. However, the oil palm plantation profit sharing system in Allyr Jaya Village is not fully in accordance with Islamic economics in the musaqah agreement.

Improving access to family planning for women with disabilities in Kaduna city, Nigeria: study protocol for a pragmatic cluster-randomized controlled trial with integrated process evaluation

BackgroundGlobally, women with disabilities are less likely to have access to family planning services compared to their peers without disabilities. However, evidence of effective interventions for promoting their sexual and reproductive health and rights remains limited, particularly in low- and middle-income settings. To help address disparities, an inclusive sexual and reproductive health project was developed to increase access to modern contraceptive methods and reduce unmet need for family planning for women of reproductive age with disabilities in Kaduna city, Nigeria. The project uses demand-side, supply-side and contextual interventions, with an adaptive management approach. This protocol presents a study to evaluate the project’s impact.MethodsA pragmatic cluster-randomized controlled trial design with surveys at baseline and endline will be used to evaluate interventions delivered for at least 1 year at health facility and community levels in comparison to ‘standard’ state provision of family planning services, in the context of state-wide and national broadcast media and advocacy. Randomization will be conducted based on the health facility catchment area, with 19 clusters in the intervention arm and 18 in the control arm. The primary outcome measure will be access to family planning. It was calculated that at least 950 women aged 18 to 49 years with disabilities (475 in each arm) will be recruited to detect a 50% increase in access compared to the control arm. For each woman with disabilities enrolled, a neighbouring woman without disabilities in the same cluster and age group will be recruited to assess whether the intervention has a specific effect amongst women with disabilities. The trial will be complemented by an integrated process evaluation. Ethical approval for the study has been given by the National Health Research Ethics Committee of Nigeria and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine.DiscussionDefining access to services is complex, as it is not a single variable that can be measured directly and need for family planning is subjectively defined. Consequently, we have conceptualized ‘access to family planning’ based on a composite of beliefs about using services if needed.Trial registrationISRCTN registry ISRCTN12671153. Retrospectively registered on 17/04/2023.

Principles of public service provision: system and content.

The principles on which the public sphere is based are of great importance in terms of the legitimacy and effectiveness of government. The article examines the principles underlying public activities in the provision of state and municipal services to citizens and organizations. The purpose of the study is to define a public service, characterize the principles established by law for the provision of public services and analyze their content. The principles of providing public services are an important independent part of government activity and are directly related to the observance of the rights of citizens in relations with the state. The implementation of the principles affects the quality of relations between the state and the individual and, ultimately, trust in government. When highlighting the general and special principles of the type of activity under consideration, the article presents their relationship, interdependence and influence. The article achieved the following results: the concept of public service was formulated; the difference between a public function and a public service is defined; the content of the principles for the provision of public services established by law analyzed; principles have been proposed that can be supplemented with legislation in order to improve the provision of public services; The interaction of the principles of providing public services with the general legal principles of public activity and with each other has been identified. The article establishes measures that promote the efficiency of the provision of public services and respect for the rights of citizens: standardization and regulation of services, the introduction of multifunctional centers operating on the “one-stop” principle, and the use of electronic forms of service provision.

Продразверстка и геоэкономика Советской России

This article is a research which touches a number of subjects covering examination of “Prodrazverstka” and the early stage of the NEP impacts on the RSFSR agricultural sector recovery. It is proposed to conduct this examination from the point of view of geo-economics. The aim of this article is to put forward arguments that prove our hypothesis that the fractional restoration of the geoeconomic space of the former Russian Empire at the end of 1919-1920 contributed to the beginning of the post-war restoration of the RSFSR national economy, when such an institutional factor as the start of the NEP in 1921 was secondary in the process of the Russian recovery from the crisis. We prove that the re-integration of the country had led to the accession of product-surplus regions in order that to ground our point, which mentioned above. In connection with the purpose of the study we carry out the following most important tasks: regarding the published in the USSR materials containing the dynamics of volumes of the state provision from 1916 to 1921; updates data on the state of the Russian economy before and after the February and October revolutions of 1917 in order to decide the degree of influence of the Imperial heritage on the survival of Russians under the conditions of severe economic crisis of 1918 – 1920; the discovery of the connection between “Prodrazverstka” and the plowing’s size in Russian agriculture. Our work is based on a number of theoretical and statistical works, including statistical and analytical studies completed by contemporaries of the Russian Civil war. In particular, the materials of Oganovsky's book Essays on the economic geography of the USSR are insufficiently analyzed in post-Soviet Russian historiography, as well as a number of other works by Soviet economic historians, in particular, the voluminous work Of arutinyan A. A. and Markus B. L. “The development of the Soviet economy”, published in 1940, is mainly devoted to the 1920s – 1930s, but contains a lot of interesting materials on the Russian economy during the First world war and the Civil war. Despite the fact that the work Arutinian A. A. and Marcus B. L. written during the era of Stalinism, it is fairly objective regarding the evaluation of achievements of the Russian Empire to the beginning of the First world war and the February revolution. We also appeal to several collections of documents. Our article definitely contains a discussion with the mainstream of historical science both in Russia and abroad. In particular, our main conclusion, which follows our research hypothesis, states that the effectiveness of the NEP in bringing the country out of the crisis was exaggerated, the ground for getting out of the economic crisis was created at the end of 1919 during the Red army’s offensive along The Civil war fronts, when a number of bread-rich regions were recaptured from the Whites and the interventionists, this process was then repeated in 1920.

Gloss to the Judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union (Third Chamber) of 25 November 2021 in Case C‑488/20, Delfarma SP. Z o.o. v. Prezes Urzędu Rejestracji Produktów Leczniczych, Wyrobów Medycznych i Produktów Biobójczych

Medicinal products are a special type of goods due to their importance for human health and life, and their trade is generally under the scope of Directive 2001/83/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 November 2001 on the Community code relating to medicinal products for human use. The preamble to this act states that the essential aim of the rules governing the production, distribution and use of medicinal products must be to safeguard public health. Hence, in the above-mentioned directive, the rules related to the authorisation of medicinal products for marketing and pharmacovigilance are very important. At the same time, it should be noted that parallel import of medicinal products as a form of trade in an EU Member State in connection with their authorisation for marketing in another Member State, although it has a long tradition, has not had a clear normative pattern, and has not been subject to the scope of Directive 2001/83/EC. It is based on the achievements of the acquis communautaire developed in this area and the principle of free movement of goods (Article 34 TFEU) and its exceptions set out in Article 36 TFEU concerning the protection of human health and life. The commented judgment sets an example of one more verdict confirming the interpretation of Articles 34 and 36 TFEU, according to which national provisions of a Member State should be considered unacceptable, according to which the withdrawal of the marketing authorisation for the reference medicinal product in the country of import has the automatic effect of expiring the parallel import authorisation. At the same time, new circumstances affecting the safety of the medicinal product on the market were analysed to give the conclusion as declared in the sentence.

Методичне забезпечення оцінки якості нефінансової звітності підприємств

Introduction. Currently, the task of harmonizing domestic legislation in the field of accounting and reporting with the directive requirements of the EU has arisen, in particular in terms of conceptual and terminological differences, the mechanism for collecting and processing data from non-financial reports of enterprises and the lack of a proper system for ensuring their quality. Problem Statement. The existence of a wide variety of approaches to the preparation of non-financial reporting by enterprises ,on the one hand , and the lack of regulation in domestic legislation of approaches to disclosure of information on sustainable development by business entities lead to a decrease in the quality of reporting data (comparability, transparency, reliability), on the other hand. The purpose is to scientifically substantiate the methodological tools for assessing the quality of non-financial reporting of enterprises. Methods: bibliographic analysis, graphical method as well as analysis and synthesis methods were used. Results. In the context of the development of the concept of quality of non-financial reporting and its reflection in regulatory documents of various levels, it has been identified that, despite the global level of its distribution, there is currently no clear understanding of the definition of quality of non-financial reporting as the basis for building a system for its assessment. The authors have developed the conceptual and categorical apparatus in the studied area by formulating a definition of the concept of “quality of non-financial reporting”. Conclusions. The paper proposes a draft Methodology for entities’ non-financial reporting quality assessment with regard to disclosure of information to justify the provision of state support to overcome the consequences of the pandemic of particularly dangerous infectious diseases (draft Methodology) is an attempt to solve it. The document is based on internationally recognised standards for corporate sustainability disclosures: IFRS S1 “General Requirements for Disclosure of Sustainability-related Financial Information”; IFRS S2 “Climate-related Disclosures”; European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS 1 “General Principles”). The draft Methodology proposed in this paper includes three sections: General provisions; Procedure for assessing the quality of non-financial reporting; Organisation of the quality assessment of non-financial reporting at the enterprise.

Ensuring employment of the population: international legal standards and national experience

The article examines a number of international regulatory acts containing the main legal standards in the field of ensuring employment of the population, combating unemployment and social security of a person in connection with the loss of a person's job for reasons beyond his control. It is noted that these areas of legal regulation are directly related to the right to work, the effective prohibition of discrimination and forced labor, as well as the right to free personal development and decent work. The change in trends in the social policy of the states is monitored from the simple support of a sufficient living standard of the unemployed through the provision of state or insurance benefits to the state employment policy, which stimulates employment based on professional orientation, choosing a profession with maximum consideration of natural abilities and already acquired skills, opportunities for professional training, retraining and advanced training, building a system of professional education in accordance with the needs of the labor market, etc. International legal standards, which are the basis for the development of the legal system of any modern state, determine the directions of reforming both the legal system as a whole and its individual branches. Accordingly, the labor and social security legislation of Ukraine is also developing in line with global and European trends. In particular, already during the years of independence, legislation on employment and social protection of the unemployed has undergone significant reforms, increasingly approaching the high standards of ensuring human rights in this area. The revision of the 2012 Law of Ukraine "On Employment of the Population" was a significant progressive step, as it provided for a number of measures to stimulate productive employment, help young people get their first job, and regulated the procedure for employment of foreign citizens in Ukraine. This Law and the relevant regulatory documents are subject to constant changes, especially in the last few years in connection with the problems of the pandemic caused by the spread of COVID-19 in the period of 2020-21 and the armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine from February 2022 to the present . It should be noted that the cooperation of the legislative and executive branches of government with experts of specialized international organizations brings positive results, as Ukrainian legal norms are increasingly approaching recognized international standards, in particular, the standards of the European Union, in which the main goal is to ensure human rights, respect for the individual, human dignity and equality of treatment in the spheres of employment and professional education.

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: Prematurely falling out of favour? A 7year retrospective study from an Australian high-volume centre.

The aim of this study is to audit 7years of data with a 3year follow up from a high-volume stone centre performing extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) to evaluate efficacy in stone clearance compared to existing knowledge and understand reasons for this performance. Patients who received ESWL treatment for renal or proximal ureteric stones at a single centre between January 2012 and January 2019 (to allow minimum 3year follow up) were retrieved. A retrospective analysis was performed cross referencing for stone size, location, treatment and need for further procedures. Ethical approval was granted through Metro North HHS HREC, Queensland, Australia. A total of 1930 patients met inclusion criteria. Fifty-seven percent (n = 1100) underwent left-sided ESWL, compared to 43% (n = 830) on the right. Stone size and location were both statistically significant to treatment outcome. Small stones (<1cm) had an overall clearance rate of 81.9%, medium stones (1-2cm) had a clearance rate of 60.6% and stones (>2cm) had a clearance rate of 31.3%. Small stones in an upper calyx had the highest clearance rate (87.5%, n = 120). Allowing for two procedures, 89% of stones were treated successfully. ESWL remains a legitimate option for the treatment of small and medium sized renal calculi. ESWL stone clearance rates at our centre are higher than published elsewhere and serve as proof to its efficacy. X-ray imaging on the day of the procedure, heavy consultant input and frequent intra-operative imaging are cited as key reasons for success. Further research is warranted to elucidate factors affecting stone clearance rate and to enable more standardised outcomes. Further investment may be required into ESWL provisions in most Australian states and especially in Queensland to enable its continued use in contrast to developing endourological techniques.

A Discrete Choice Experiment of Older Self-Funders’ Preferences When Navigating Community Social Care

Most long-term care systems (social care) for older people rely on some means testing, copayment system, private insurance, or other non-governmental funding to supplement state provision. In England, an estimated quarter of homecare delivery is funded privately. For many older people, the absence of state funding for their care is only part of the problem: they are also expected to search for care in a market characterised by complexity, plurality, and imperfect information. Surprisingly, there are few services available to support private funders to navigate the system. This paper examines willingness to pay for care navigation and seeks to classify heterogeneity of preferences for navigation support. A discrete choice experiment (DCE) survey was completed by 182 participants across England in 2020-21. The results of the random parameter logit model used to analyse preferences showed that people valued information about care options (quality, information, and finances), but they also wanted help to “think things through,” as processing information could be challenging. Generally, participants valued what the navigation service provided, more than how the services were organised and delivered. The study also used latent class analysis to identify four groups with similar preferences, with almost half of participants (48%) expressing high willingness to pay for a comprehensive navigation service. The other three classes represented those with preferences focused on a narrower set of attributes: fast access to information (20%), affordable help to “think things through” (18%), and information provided by their local council (14%). The study demonstrates the potential demand and likely take-up of navigation support if made available to people who pay privately for care. Future research needs to examine the barriers to market development for social care navigation services.

Caring feminist states? Paternalistic feminist foreign policies and the silencing of Indigenous justice claims in Sweden and Canada

ABSTRACT The self-identification of Sweden and Canada as exceptionally caring and ethical states committed to the goal of global gender justice has been reinforced through their adoption of feminist foreign policies (FFPs). However, despite the enthusiasm surrounding the potential of feminism as an ethical approach to foreign policy making, critics have drawn attention to the many failings of FFPs that hamper their ability to bring about transformative change. This article posits that the shortcomings of Swedish and Canadian FFPs are rooted in an unacknowledged legacy of colonial power relations. It is from within this history of violence that Swedish and Canadian practices of feminism both “at home” and “abroad” can be seen as a re-articulation of colonialism. Through two illustrative narrative readings of reconciliation efforts, the article examines state provisions of hierarchically imposed, paternalistic expressions of care that silence Indigenous “articulations of self-care.” As such, it addresses a significant gap in the literature on FFPs by highlighting the risk of self-proclaimed “caring” feminist states reproducing colonial power relations within and beyond borders.

“Here Be Dragons”: Historical and Contemporary Archaeology and Heritage in the Aegean Sea

Postmedieval, modern, and contemporary remains are ubiquitous, yet their study and curatorship are uncommon in the Aegean geographic context. In this article I discuss the materiality of these uncared-for ruins, drawing from rural and urban remains in the Aegean, contrasted with other littoral sites in the Mediterranean. I focus on their social and cultural impact and their role in contemporary communities, along with the state provisions organized to protect and manage them in Greece and Turkey. I propose a present and socially engaged archaeological praxis and emphasize the need for historical/contemporary archaeology to be more politically involved, raising awareness and broadening the representation of marginalized communities.

Infrastructural Reparations

Infrastructure has an inherently uneven capacity to connect and to provide for some people certain goods and particular flows of information, while at the same time disenfranchising and dehumanizing other people through the very processes of (dis)connecting elements of the urban condition. Infrastructural injustices shape times, time horizons and life cycles. There is a lack of synchronicity in the time horizons of durability, materiality, engineering and financialization of infrastructure versus the immediate needs of living people and communities – but there is also need for a longer time horizon that acknowledges the demand for historical reparations in addition to immediate needs. Reparative infrastructural justice insists on overturning the violence of the infrastructural dispositions that have long upheld White supremacy by dehumanizing Black, Brown and Indigenous people, and other people of colour. Those with no claims upon the state to provide the basics of life must go beyond repair or maintenance, to seek instead infrastructural reparations and reparative justice as material conditions for living in the wake of the racialized infrastructural colour line built upon histories of slavery, colonialism and climate disaster. This text reflects on some of the tactics of flexible, provisional, infrastructural reparations that have emerged in Haiti and Puerto Rico, where public infrastructure systems have drastically failed. In Haiti tactics of appropriation involved communities (and gangs) patching into fractured systems where there is little state provision. In Puerto Rico, disaster led to grassroots organizations calling for just recovery, but also blockchain entrepreneurs taking advantage of offshore opportunities to escape the state. Both cases demonstrate the precarity, power, opportunities and dangers hidden within decentralized systems in the face of splintered infrastructural systems.

Administrative responsibility in the system of state provision of protection of an individual’s intellectual property rights

The article examines the peculiarities of the functioning of the institute of administrative responsibility as an important element of the system of state-legal protection of intellectual property rights as a separate group of homogeneous relations, the objects of which are the results of intellectual, creative activity of a person. A group of uniform normative legal acts regulating the studied relations is identified: the Constitution of Ukraine, codes and laws of Ukraine, Decrees of the President of Ukraine, resolutions and orders of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, standards in the field of intellectual property, departmental normative legal acts, international treaties and agreements. It has been established that in our country it is expedient to continue improving the system of regulatory and legal support for the protection of intellectual property, and such a system itself should be aimed at reorienting the administrative and legal activities of executive authorities to increase the transparency of the decision-making process regarding bringing offenders to administrative responsibility, which will become effective as a means of ensuring the lawful activity of individuals and legal entities in the field of protection of intellectual property rights. It is proposed to establish the category “administrative responsibility for violation of legislation in the field of intellectual property” as an implementation of an administrative-legal sanction, which is manifested in the application by the court to a guilty person who has committed an administrative offense in the field of intellectual property, the punishment provided for by the Code of Ukraine on administrative offenses and other by legislative acts, in accordance with the procedure defined by law. The prospects of further research in this area are defined as theoretical improvement of legislation and practical regulation of the functioning of the specified institute as a means of state protection of intellectual property rights of individuals.

Personal Income Tax and Provisions of Education and Road Infrastructures in Lagos State, Nigeria

Infrastructural provision has been the major point of concern to governments in all states of the federation in Nigeria. Government of Lagos State without exception has been facing serious challenges in provision of infrastructure to Lagosians. The state has been witnessing infrastructural deficit despite huge revenues accruing to the government monthly and this is actually affecting the standard of living of the citizens. Since the advent of civilian government in the state, internally generated revenue has been on the increase, yet the state is still witnessing many infrastructural deficits. This study examined the effect of personal income tax revenue on infrastructural provisions in Lagos state with respect to Education and Road Infrastructures. The study adopted ex-post facto research design. The study covered Personal Income Tax and Infrastructures provisions on Education and Road by the government of Lagos State from 1997 to 2018. Data were obtained from Lagos State Internal Revenue Services (LIRS), Lagos State Ministry of budget and planning and Lagos State Ministry of Finance. The validity of data was premised on the statutory audit of the financial statements by the office of the Auditor General of Lagos State. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study found that Personal Income Tax has significant effect on infrastructural provision by the government of the state. On IFED, Adjusted R2 = 0.372, Prob(F-stat) = 4.753, at 5% significance level [β = -0.815; P – value = 0.036]. Also on IFDR, Adjusted R2 = 0.315, F-stat = 3.915, Prob(F-stat) = 0.028), at 5% significance level [β = 0.352; P – value = 0.154]. The study concluded that Personal income tax has impacts that are significant on infrastructural provisions of the state. The study recommended that, government should make it a top priority, the provisions of infrastructures on education to guarantee quality education of the pupils in the state. Also, government should embark on massive road network construction with proper maintenance of the existing ones so as to avoid frequent occurrence of carnage on the roads and government should make more effort to widen the tax net especially among the rural dwellers so that more revenues can be collected as personal income tax in the state.

Legal regulation of the subvention for the provision of state support to persons with special educational needs in Ukraine

The article analyzes the legal regulation of the subvention for providing state support to persons with special educational needs in Ukraine. It is emphasized that when establishing the appropriate mechanism for providing such an inter-budgetary transfer, the legislator does not specify which levels of education are concerned and in which institutions such education can be obtained by persons with special educational needs (this refers to the form of ownership of a higher education institution, its organizational and legal form, etc.) We consider this approach constructive, as it ensures the principle of equality in the exercise of the right to education. It is emphasized that there is a legislative conflict regarding the range of persons who can be granted such a subvention. Thus, some legislative provisions refer to persons with special educational needs. At the same time, part 1 of Article 1033 at first refers to the provision of state support to persons with special educational needs, and then to children with relevant health problems. The author emphasizes that determining the circle of persons with special educational needs who can receive appropriate educational services at the expense of a subvention in this situation is fundamental. Based on the comparative legal analysis of the areas of use of the subvention funds for providing state support to persons with special educational needs, the author states that the areas of funding specified in the Budget Code of Ukraine differ from those specified in the Procedure for granting the said subvention. In particular, the Budget Code of Ukraine provides for such funding as remuneration of specialists on the basis of civil law contracts for the relevant classes or services. At the same time, the Procedure does not contain such provisions. It is quite logical that the Budget Code of Ukraine regulates the main provisions, and the relevant bylaws and regulations detail them. However, in our opinion, conceptually, these acts should correlate with each other. In this situation, on the contrary, this approach makes it impossible to adequately implement the procedure for granting the subvention under study. It is proposed to make appropriate amendments to the legal acts regulating the procedure for granting funds in the form of a subvention for providing state support to persons with special educational needs.

НОРМАТИВНО-ПРАВОВЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ДЕРЖАВНИХ ГАРАНТІЙ БОРГОВИХ ЗОБОВ’ЯЗАНЬ СУБ’ЄКТІВ ГОСПОДАРЮВАННЯ

In order to use the potential of state support of business entities formed through the provision of state guarantees to business entities, it is necessary to form a transparent and impartial organizational mechanism for the provision of state guarantees, based on regulatory and legal provisions. The purpose of the article is to define and systematize the regulatory and legal provision of state guarantees of debt obligations of business entities as a component of the mechanism for providing state guarantees in the context of increasing the investment attractiveness of domestic business entities. The main methods of research used to determine and systematize the regulatory legal support of state guarantees of debt obligations of economic entities were the method of generalization, induction and deduction.

Digitalization of public administration and its pecularities and prospects in Ukraine

The article analyzes the digitalization of public administration and its peculiarities as an instrument of socio-economic changes in Ukraine in the context of European integration, because digital technologies allow us to change the way territorial communities and regions function, increase the level of labor productivity and well-being of the population, and overcome challenges in the field of public administration.&#x0D; It is discovered that digitalization creates a positive effect not only in public administration, but also in the field of economy, education, and culture, providing the saving in human, financial, and material resources, and promoting the solution of socially significant problems.&#x0D; It is noted that digitalization, as a process of society's transition to digital technologies in all spheres of public life, forms a more inclusive society and better governance mechanisms and is a tool for achieving Ukraine's strategic goal of increasing GDP by 8 times, up to1 trillion USD in 2030.&#x0D; It is determined that effective communication between society and public administration is possible only in the context of e-democracy, which involves the use of information technology by citizens, government, political parties at the local and regional levels, and improvement of procedures for providing and receiving public services. An example of e-democracy is the online platform «VzaiemoDiia»(Interaction), which expands the opportunities for citizens to participate in public administration processes, including vulnerable categories of the population, who currently have less opportunity to influence public decisions. Moreover, users will be able to receive high-quality feedback, since the Ministry of Digital Transformation not only collects all communication channels in a single «window» but also analyzes the imperfections to make each communication channel even more effective.&#x0D; It is substantiated that the digitalization of public administration allows us to increase the amount of open data and strengthen the guarantees of access to publicly available information contained in state and municipal information systems. In fact it changes and transforms social relations, changes the process of performing functions by public authorities, expands their capabilities in making management decisions based on data obtained with the help of the information technology, and in particular in the processes of administration, provision of state and municipal services by citizens in electronic form, the establishment of digital communication channels, artificial intelligence, robotics, the Internet of things, big data analytics, and cloud technologies.&#x0D; In further research, it is proposed to pay attention to the study of digitalization and digitalization processes in the executive and administrative activities of public administration entities.