State Programs Research Articles

Data-Mining Modeling of Corruption Perception Patterns Based on Association Rules

Corruption is one of the many challenges facing Ukrainian society. After the full-scale war, 89% of Ukrainian citizens consider corruption to be the most serious problem for the stable development of Ukraine. In the article, it is argued that neglecting the problem of corruption in society leads to a decrease in the level of trust in public authorities, economic losses, a decrease in the country’s investment attractiveness, a loss of trust from international partners, as well as other economic and political turbulences. The study aims to develop an economic and mathematical model for determining the patterns of corruption perception in Ukraine based on association rules implemented using data mining methods. The Python Numerical Python library was used to build association rules. The study of the patterns of corruption perception was analysed in terms of the legislative (based on the activities of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine), judicial (based on the activities of the courts) and executive (on the example of the activities of the President and his Office) branches of government. The source of primary data was the data of a survey conducted by the “Join!” Public Participation Support Program together with the USAID project “Support for Leader Organizations in Combating Corruption in Ukraine”. 38 association rules were determined for the judicial system, among which the most informative consequences were “distrust in the judicial system” and “corruption is widespread in the courts”. For the executive branch of government, 27 association rules were built, where the informative consequence was “citizens can influence, namely participate in public councils or public hearings to monitor state institutions and their decisions”. For the legislative branch, 33 association rules were formed, where the informative consequence was “citizens can influence, namely participate in public councils or public hearings to monitor state institutions and their decisions”. According to the empirical calculations, a regularity was found that Ukrainian society is democratic and believes in its power to overcome corruption in any branch of government, but members of society do not show active desire and only revolutionary manifestations are possible in a critical situation. The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine can use the results obtained during the improvement of Ukrainian legislation, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine when approving the State Program for the Implementation of the Anti-Corruption Strategy and other state bodies in developing anti-corruption programs at various levels.

System Principles of Innovative Development Management of the Region

Further development of the clarification of the objectives of the construction and use of system mathematical models in the formation and implementation of programs of innovative development of regions was achieved: clarification of how the conceptual apparatus is used (conducting a study of the semantics of the concept of innovative development and its components); problem analysis of innovative development of regions (complex analysis of the institutional environment of functioning); conducting economic-mathematical system analysis (taking into account the relationship between subsystems from the point of view of integrity); system modeling (evaluation of goals and means - resources); assessment of risks and determination of measures for their elimination or smoothing (continuous control and analysis of implementation and, if necessary, taking appropriate measures); application of a system of criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of management of innovative development at both the macro and meso levels with the possibility of timely adaptation to the economic situation (development and use of an innovative lever in the form of resource multipliers and their evaluation, based on the systemic interaction of all resources). The analysis of approaches in the management of innovative development of the country and its regions, in the form in which they are used at present, allows us to conclude that they are insufficiently effective for the implementation of measures proposed by state programs. A fundamentally new approach and concept is needed for the processes of forming and implementing programs, as well as for the very development of strategic program documents, necessary changes in management, initially focused on performance, with the help of clearly, mathematically based, formulated tasks, goals and management criteria. The system of managing the innovative development of the region should ensure the formation of optimal programs of regional development, which will allow for their preliminary assessment, analysis, tracking of possible scenarios of development of events and trends during implementation, correction of previously formed programs, using the capabilities of modern technologies. The study of the peculiarities of the development of regions in terms of innovative activity requires, first of all, a systematic study of the semantics of the concept of innovative development and its components. system modeling of complex objects takes into account all existing direct, reverse, cross connections, while management is implemented using information and communication processes and connections of the circuit covering all other circuits. "Management of regional development, in particular, innovative development", implies the existence of management objects and subjects, the developed model also includes management of the formation of operating conditions. Until now, system modeling is widely used in solving management tasks as a methodological approach for formalizing management goals and criteria, researching the mechanisms of functioning of system objects.

Digital entrepreneurship as a result of the transformation of the labor market in a pandemic

Object: Study the impact and adaptation of digital information system of the economy on the development of the level of small and medium-sized enterprises, increasing the labor market in pandemic conditions. Study of how the economy's digital information system has affected and evolved small and medium-sized business development, as well as the growth of the labor market in conjunction with the pandemic.Methods: The theoretical literature on this topic served as the foundation for the study's methodology. Emerging problems of the labor market of Kazakhstan in the conditions of COVID-19 pandemic were identified through qualitative and quantitative analysis of statistical data. The analytical part of the study organizes the findings from the examination of the Republic's small- and medium-sized business support programs, which allowed for the evaluation of economic processes overall and the formulation of broad conclusions.Findings: The study identifies relevant aspects of the development of digital entrepreneurship in the modern economy; the scientific approach to the concept of digital economy and digital entrepreneurship is implemented as a result of the study of literary sources; the factors that have a significant impact on the transformation of the functioning labor market are identified; the degree of influence of these factors on the Kazakh economy is determined. For a qualitative change in the labor market, the authors identified a tangible need to increase the digital literacy of the population, new thinking skills, increase the level and quality of education, which will undoubtedly change the structure of human resource potential and ultimately increase labor productivity. Entrepreneurs have unique opportunities to apply high-tech inventions in practice to improve the business model of organizations. Thus, the following opportunities open up: the emergence of digital platforms as representatives of fundamentally new institutions; the emergence of the “peer-to-peer” communications function, when opportunities arise for communication participants directly without a company and market; the emergence of effective organizations with a reduced middle management function and increased directive control.Conclusions: This study analyzes digital mechanisms that search for new opportunities for employment in Kazakhstan's economy. In today's economy, a necessary requirement for its successful development is undoubtedly the development of a digital environment. To characterize the ways of introducing digital tools into business processes, the state Program “Digital Kazakhstan”, aimed at supporting economic entities, was studied. The study analyzed the employment of people in digital business. An assessment was also made of the degree of transformation of Kazakhstan’s employment models depending on arising emergency situations. An important aspect of the work is the development of recommendations for the further expansion of business digitalization.

Роль инноваций в устойчивом развитии экономики

This article examines the impact of innovations on the sustainable development of the Russian economy. The authors emphasize the importance of innovative development for improving the country's competitiveness and economic progress. The work conducts a systematic analysis of current challenges and identifies key challenges facing the Russian Federation in the context of the innovation process. The article analyzes strategic directions and possible solutions that can accelerate innovative activities and increase the efficiency of introducing scientific and technological achievements into industry and the economy. The authors pay special attention to studying existing barriers and problems such as insufficient innovative infrastructure, as well as searching for ways to overcome barriers on the path to innovative development. The basis for the analysis is the state program "Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation", which determines the strategic direction of innovative activities until 2030. In the context of this program, as well as other legislative and program documents, the introduction of the innovative component of the UN Sustainable Development Goals in Russia is considered. Analysis of specific goals, tasks and indicators allows identifying potential points of integration and opportunities for international innovative cooperation.

Analisis Jaminan Kematian Terhadap Ahli Waris BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Menurut Perspektif Asuransi Syariah (Studi Kasus BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Cabang Medan)

BPJS Employment is a state program that aims to provide guaranteed social protection for all Indonesian workers. Death Benefit (JKM) is a social security program implemented nationally based on social insurance principles with the aim of providing death benefits paid to the heirs of participants who die. Fulfilling worldly needs is an obligation. However, fulfilling the world's needs to achieve these needs can be done by protecting yourself, but still following Islamic law. This research aims to find out how the implementation of providing death insurance for the heirs of BPJS Employment Medan Branch according to the Sharia Insurance Perspective. This research uses a qualitative descriptive analysis method. Collecting research data through observation and interviews. The informants for this research are the Head of BPJS Employment Services, Medan Branch Office and the beneficiaries of the Death Insurance Program. The results of the research show that the implementation of providing death insurance to heirs has not been effectively implemented because the death compensation funds to heirs are late so that the death compensation cannot be felt during the death procession starting from the burial of the body to the prayer for the souls from the 7th day, even 40th day soul prayer. This is due to the heirs' lack of understanding in implementing the death insurance program and the application or processing of death insurance application documents requires too many requirements so that getting the death insurance benefits takes a long time. The non-payment of participants' death insurance claims for months by BPJS Employment has three strong indications of maladministration, namely protracted delays, non-compliance and unprofessionalism. Maladministration is behavior or acts against the law and ethics in the public service administration process. The forms of maladministration are procedural deviations, discriminatory actions, abuse of authority, including negligence or neglect of legal obligations, requests for rewards, and others. In the implementation of providing death insurance to heirs by BPJS Employment Medan Branch, it is not in accordance with sharia insurance principles, there is the occurrence of chance which has an impact on the element of maysir (gambling), there is an element of usury fadhl (excess between what is received and what is paid), including fines for lateness.

Борис Фортунатов — революційний зоолог, ідеолог перетворення фауни

An essay about a researcher who joined the revolutionary wave of research when he became the head of the scientific department of the Askania-Nova Reserve. Fortunatov’s main research focused on measures to restore the European bison population, in particular by the admixture of American bison blood, hybridising representatives of different groups of ungulates, and developing programmes for the ‘reconstruction of the fauna.’ The latter were developed by him in 1933–1935 and became state programmes that included measures for the introduction of alien species and wildlife breeding, in particular in nature reserves.

ПРЕВЕНТИВНАЯ СЕБЕСТОИМОСТЬ МОЛОКА – ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЙ И ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЙ ОРИЕНТИР ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ФИНАНСОВОЙ УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ТАТАРСТАН

In the current state programs “Development of agriculture and regulation of agricultural products, raw materials and food markets”, both in the Russian Federation and in the Republic of Tatarstan, increasing the financial stability of agricultural producers is identified as one of the priority goals. The achievement of this goal is ensured by the economic efficiency of production, in particular, the proper level of profitability of products sold. In turn, this indicator functionally depends on the design and implementation of its preventive cost. The concept of “preventive cost” is exclusively the invention of the author of this work, arising from the internationally recognized theory of production cost management “Target costing”, according to which a commodity producer designs the quantitative value of the cost of production based on the prevailing market prices for it in order to obtain the expected profit. As a result of the conducted research, it was found that there is a linear correlation between the productivity of cows and the cost of milk, as well as between the latter and the current liquidity ratio of agricultural organizations. For agricultural organizations of the Republic of Tatarstan, which in 2022 produced 1372 thousand tons of milk and spent about 34 billion rubles on it, with an average cost of 1 kg of milk sold of 2566 rubles, the issue of working with the preventive cost of these products is very relevant. Since the average selling price was 3372 rubles, and the profitability was 31.4%. At the same time, in the surveyed twenty districts selected for various agricultural zones of the Republic of Tatarstan, 30% of agricultural organizations have an average milk profitability of 45.8%. In order to achieve the specified profitability at least at the first stage, the preventive cost of milk should be within 2313.2 rubles.

FEATURES OF PREPARING STUDENTS FOR SUBJECTS ORIENTED INCLUSIVE EDUCATION

The article attempts to identify the features of introducing inclusive practices into each subject area in teacher education. In the modern world, the introduction of inclusive practices into the education system is one of the leading strategies of a developed state. In accordance with the State Program for the Development of Education in Kazakhstan, inclusive education has been gradually introduced since 2011, designed to provide psychological and pedagogical support for the learning process of children with special educational needs needs in a public school. An increasing number of schoolchildren with special educational needs are enrolling in general education schools at their place of residence, and their education requires teachers to have the appropriate knowledge, skills, and professional competencies. Currently, educational organizations are in dire need of teachers who can work professionally with different categories of students, including children with disabilities, autistic children, gifted children, etc. The need for teachers who are able to work simultaneously with students with different educational needs is increasing, since educational organizations are implementing one of the important provisions of the Law on Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which is to “ensure equal access to education for all students, taking into account special educational needs and individual capabilities”. In the Concept for the Development of Inclusive Education in the Republic of Kazakhstan dated January 12, 2021, one of the state’s political strategies is “... the full inclusion of all children in the general educational process, their social adaptation, despite age, gender, ethnic and religious affiliation, developmental delays through the active participation of the family, correctional, pedagogical and social support for the personal needs of the child”.

Poverty reduction as a factor of ensuring food security in Kazakhstan

Object: One of the key factors of economic security is the economic availability of food. This directly affects the problem of poverty reduction. Today, in Kazakhstan, the decline in real incomes of the population threatens the possibility of meeting the need for high-quality nutrition of citizens. The purpose of the study is to assess the level of poverty in Kazakhstan and develop measures to reduce it.Methods: The research methods were: systematic, the method of economic and statistical data processing, expert evaluation, the method of multidimensional comparative analysis of the level of poverty in the context of the regions of Kazakhstan and the republic as a whole.Findings: It is revealed that Kazakhstan ranks 32nd in the ranking of 113 countries in the world on food security. This is largely determined by the decrease in the availability of food products as a result of the lagging income of the population from the increase in food prices. The decrease in the economic availability of food occurs as a result of the increase in poverty indicators. The methodology for assessing poverty based on the consumer basket does not reflect the real picture and needs to be adjusted. The underestimation of the subsistence minimum directly determines the amount of social payments from the state budget for vulnerable segments of the population, which further aggravates the growth of the number of poor.Conclusions: Based on the analysis, a number of recommendations aimed at combating poverty, including organizational, legislative and financial instruments, are presented. In particular, it is proposed to revise the methodology for assessing the consumer basket; set the poverty line by the subsistence minimum, as is customary in most countries and recommended by international experts; develop state programs to promote youth employment; increase the responsibility of local executive bodies for the implementation of employment programs and the development of regional employment centers.

ANALYTICAL RESEARCH OF THE RESULTS OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION BY THE LOCAL AUTHORITIES OF KRYVIY RIH AND STRATEGIC GOALS OF ITS ACHIEVEMENT

Objective. The objective of the study is the substantiation of the goals and principles of state programs of regional development, the identification of influencing factors on the process of developing programs of socio-economic development of the city of Kryvyi Rih, and the development of strategic directions for the effective and efficient implementation of regional development programs. Methods. When preparing the article, general and special methods of scientific research are used, in particular, the method of retrospective analysis and synthesis - to generalize the main theoretical approaches to the formation and implementation of the local socio-economic development program and the order of its development; dialectical method - for a comprehensive study of relations between state administrations and local authorities; graphoanalytical – for a schematic representation of the theoretical and practical provisions of the research; method of system analysis - to determine the priority directions of reforming the socio-economic development program by the local authorities of a specific territorial community. Results. The definition of «local program of economic and social development» is studied, in particular according to the term, as well as the concepts of «regional development program» and «budget programs», which are closely related to the local program of socio-economic development. It is proved that the principles of development of local socio-economic development programs are defined as the expected achievements based on the results of the implementation of a complex of interrelated tasks and measures aimed at solving the most important issues of the development of the united territorial community. Analytical studies of the results of the implementation of the Social Protection Program for certain categories of Kryvyi Rih residents and the dynamics of the total amount of funding under this program for 2018-2022 are out. It is determined that in order to implement the measures of the Program for the Perspective Development of Education in Kryvyi Rih for 2019-2024, free meals are provided to pupils and children from large families in general education institutions of the city, children from student families in preschool institutions of the city, children whose parents were involved or killed or went missing as a result of the events in the East of Ukraine. It is noted that culture, the financing of which is provided for by the legislation of Ukraine from the local budget, is of no less importance for the development of Kryvyi Rih in the humanitarian sphere.. Special attention is paid to the Program for the reimbursement of part of the loans provided by the association of co-owners of apartment buildings and housing and construction cooperatives for the implementation of energy-efficient measures in the housing sector for 2016-2023. It is emphasized that for the purpose of social support of all categories of citizens of Ukraine who are in the territory of the Kryvyi Rih urban territorial community, during the period of martial law in Ukraine, and to increase their social security, free travel in public municipal public transport is introduced in the city. It should be noted that the Strategic Development Plan of the city of Kryvyi Rih for the period until 2025 has been approved at the local level, based on a transformational version of the city's development, which reflects the focus on supporting the positive development vector of all spheres of the city's life, innovative renewal and diversification of the economy. It is emphasized that the chosen Strategy provides for the provision of coordinated joint actions of local executive bodies and local self-government bodies in the conditions of a military/post-war state in order to implement a unified state policy for the development of Ukraine at the district level. The authors formulate strategic directions for effective and efficient implementation of Kryvyi Rih Socio-Economic Development Program for 2023-2025 based on the principles of developing local socio-economic development programs, namely: decentralization of management; development of interregional cooperation; implementation of a system for identifying and assessing priority social problems of a certain territory; optimization of state management structures and procedures; implementation of an active resource strategy by bodies of executive power and local self-government; promotion of public activity and development of various forms of self-organization of the population; raising the level of social culture and education of employees of state administration and local authorities, deputies of all levels.

Importance of Aging Policy

An aging policy in the near perspective is beneficial for the country, because the state's income will increase, and more people will be involved in the labor sector. This will help prolong both physical and psychological healthy life. The aforementioned is evidenced by the examples of Israel and Canada, as well as the recommendations of the United Nations and the International Labor Organization and the vision of the European Union on promoting the employment of the older population. Age division and the development of specific terms (Older persons and Seniors) will help the state create the state program for specific age group citizens. Also, these terms will help to eliminate negative stigmas related to age and aging in the labor market. Individual employment programs and the state subsidy mechanism for improving the skills of older workers will contribute to the sustainable development of employment in Georgia. The mentioned issues respond to the association agreement concluded between the European Union and Georgia.

Problems of legal regulation of digital transformation of agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan

In the context of the best world practices the study is an overview of the legal regulation of the process of digital transformation of public administration of agriculture in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The hypotheses of this study are based on the analysis of the legal nature of the world practice of digital transformation of economic development and international cooperation of modern states. The research revealed that agriculture is a branch of the economy that is particularly in need of the introduction of information and communication technologies and, consequently, the improvement of legal regulation of the activities of public administration in the digital reality. The analysis of state programs and national projects of the Republic of Kazakhstan provides grounds for concluding that the digitalization of the Kazakh economy in agriculture is a priority. The dependence of the effectiveness of digital solutions in the agro-industrial complex on the level of public administration organization is substantiated: digitalization resources contribute to a more focused and result[1]oriented public policy through the use of legal monitoring capabilities. Digitalization is a rapidly growing trend in agriculture, when it does not just replace analog technologies traditionally used in practice, but develops new development options for effective solutions to problems in the industry, among which the introduction of legal mechanisms is of paramount importance. The study contains an analysis of the development of the legal foundations of digitalization in the industry, taking into account the problems at all levels of the process – from the issues of providing agricultural producers with an elementary level of Internet access to increasing the level of legal regulation of state management in the field of digitalization management

APPLICATION OF MARKETING CONCEPTS IN STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT IN THE INFORMATION SOCIETY

The object of the article is marketing tools used in the strategic management of a modern organization. The purpose of the research is to analyze the key directions of their development, and the objectives are to identify the main types of marketing tools in strategic management and to consider the possibilities of their application. The article considers trends in the field of marketing for companies, among which the main ones are the development of effective ways to satisfy customers, the formation of their loyalty to the brand, the ability to build clear competitive strategies; the concept of customer orientation and its role for a trade organization is given, as well as examples from foreign practice and the world’s leading developments in the field of artificial intelligence. The article is also aimed at contributing to the definition of the Concept of Sustainable Development and its implementation. This concept is widely used by many modern companies and occupies a central place in the programs of state and non-governmental organizations, as well as enterprises around the world. But the scientific literature in the field of marketing and sustainable development still lacks a detailed and complete explanation of it. The author used such research methods as observation, systematization and generalization of the collected theoretical material, including foreign practice and the world’s leading developments in this field. Marketing with its great knowledge and information informs clients and introduces new ideas that can significantly help expand the development of ideas. Emphasis on social and environmental problems can be given to respect for the skin-related process.

On the formation and development of the State environmental monitoring system (State environmental monitoring)

The article talks about scientific and methodological issues of the development of state environmental monitoring. The authors have considered the structure of State environmental monitoring (State environmental monitoring) and the procedure for its implementation. The legal basis of state environmental monitoring systems.
 We present the work within the Framework of the national program of the unified system of state environmental monitoring (State environmental monitoring, SEM). The goals, objectives and procedure for the implementation of the SEM, its main subsystems.
 The scientists examined the role of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation (Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia) and the Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Roshydromet) in ensuring the functioning of state environmental monitoring and its information resources. The activities of the State Environmental Monitoring Data Fund (State environmental monitoring) and the Unified State Data Fund (USDF) are presented. The researchers have the work of the monitoring system using the state system of observations and control by Roshydromet of indicators of the content of pollutants in atmospheric air, surface waters, marine waters, soil, radiation monitoring, etc.
 The authors have considered the prospects for the development of state environmental monitoring in connection with the adoption by the Government of the Russian Federation of the State program "Environmental Protection" for 2012–2030.
 Ethics. This study did not require the conclusion of the Ethics Committee.

APPLICATION OF THE EXPERIENCE OF SOUTH KOREA IN THE SYSTEM OF INTERNAL STATE AUDIT OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

The article discusses the features of the organization and conduct of internal audit in the state bodies of South Korea. The work uses systemic and institutional approaches, methods of induction and deduction, generalizations, historical, logical, comparative research methods. Theoretical research methods are applied, which include the analysis and synthesis of the information presented. The characteristic features and methods of conducting internal audits of state bodies are disclosed. The tools for the implementation of state programs aimed at implementing the strategic priorities of the country’s development and ensuring national security have been determined. In the modern world of actively developing countries, there is a widespread tendency to delegate and uphold the principle of independence. An analysis of the internal audit system in the public sector of South Korea once again proved the priority of information technologyin the economic processes of the country. On the example of the Republic of Korea, one can observe the high efficiency of the activities of internal state audit bodies through the introduction of a system for the exchange of digitized information between ministries. On the basis of the studied foreign material, some features, methods and ideas for improving the efficiency of government bodies through the internal audit system of our country are noted. Taking into account the experience of South Korea, our country needs not only to eliminate the existing shortcomings in functioning, but also to significantly transform the internal audit system as a whole.

NORMATIVE ACTIVITY IN THE FIELD OF REGULATION OF CRIMINAL LAW RELATIONS

The proposed article is devoted to the digitalization of the sphere of climate protection. Today, the main problem is climate protection through the digitalization of ecology. In solving this issue, the conditions for accelerating the pace of development of the republic's economy through the use of digital technologies in the field of climate protection and improving the quality of life of the population, the transition of the environment to a fundamentally new development trajectory were considered. Along with the elimination of gaps in environmental legislation, the process of digitalization of ecology is actively developing. This strengthens the desire of citizens living in the environment to do everything very quickly. In the issue of climate digitalization at the state level, much attention is paid to the well-being of the environment, as evidenced by the smaller number of state programs and other legal acts adopted in this area. The global and Kazakhstan trend was observed during comprehensive legal studies of the concept of green economy and other green development programs. The main goal of digitalization of the sphere of climate protection is to improve the quality of life of the population, improve the environmental situation, create opportunities for the effective operation of environmental measures, modernize the ecological system, ensure environmental safety, improve environmental digital education of the population. The digital transformation of climate protection is an important part of many national strategies to restore the ecological dangerous crisis and prevent environmental safety. In addition, the article presents additions and changes to the current environmental legislation to improve the directions in the field of digitalization of ecology, including climate protection.

On the structure of eye diseases in children leading to blindness or low vision in various countries of the world

The review presents differences in the nosological structure of ophthalmic pathology leading to childhood blindness and low vision in different countries. Worldwide, 1.4 million children are blind, about three quarters of whom live in the poorest regions of Africa or Asia. In lowincome countries, the congenital cataract is one of the leading causes of visual impairment in children, while retinopathy of prematurity is more common in middle-income countries. Uncorrected refractive errors both in children and adults, remain a major cause of visual impairment in all countries. The development of new technologies and quality medical care impacts the structure of blindness and low vision causes, as well as their geographical specificities. The analysis showed that much effort is required from large-scale state programs of prevention, early diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of children with socially significant eye diseases.

PROBLEMS OF LEGAL REGULATION OF DIGITALIZATION IN THE FIELD OF CLIMATE PROTECTION

The proposed article is devoted to the digitalization of the sphere of climate protection. Today, the main problem is climate protection through the digitalization of ecology. In solving this issue, the conditions for accelerating the pace of development of the republic's economy through the use of digital technologies in the field of climate protection and improving the quality of life of the population, the transition of the environment to a fundamentally new development trajectory were considered. Along with the elimination of gaps in environmental legislation, the process of digitalization of ecology is actively developing. This strengthens the desire of citizens living in the environment to do everything very quickly. In the issue of climate digitalization at the state level, much attention is paid to the well-being of the environment, as evidenced by the smaller number of state programs and other legal acts adopted in this area. The global and Kazakhstan trend was observed during comprehensive legal studies of the concept of green economy and other green development programs. The main goal of digitalization of the sphere of climate protection is to improve the quality of life of the population, improve the environmental situation, create opportunities for the effective operation of environmental measures, modernize the ecological system, ensure environmental safety, improve environmental digital education of the population. The digital transformation of climate protection is an important part of many national strategies to restore the ecological dangerous crisis and prevent environmental safety. In addition, the article presents additions and changes to the current environmental legislation to improve the directions in the field of digitalization of ecology, including climate protection.

THE MARKET FOR THE PRODUCTION OF WHITE CABBAGE AS AN ELEMENT OF FOOD SECURITY

The article presents and analyzes the indicators of white cabbage production in Russia (by districts, subjects of the federation and categories of farms). The purpose of this study is to analyze the state of white cabbage production in the Russian Federation and in the world in terms of food security. Materials and methods. The information base of the research is information and scientific material, statistical data of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), official periodicals of modern analytical centers. The study used general scientific methods of systematization, comparison and analysis of data. Study results. To increase the level of food security in Russia, it is necessary to ensure sustainable development of domestic production, physical and economic accessibility of high-quality food for the population. According to the new Food Security Doctrine, the strategic goal is to increase the export potential. The study revealed that about 70,150,406 tons of cabbage are produced. China is the largest cabbage producer in the world. In the Russian Federation, 14.3% of all cultivated areas of open ground crops are occupied for cabbage. The area under crop for cabbage in farms of all categories has decreased over the past six years. Many farmers and agricultural organizations refuse to grow cabbage due to its low profitability. The main cabbage production in 2022 is concentrated in the North Caucasus Federal District. In 2022, the volume of gross cabbage harvest amounted to 23,200.2 thousand tons. The current situation in the country makes it possible to implement import substitution of varieties and hybrids of white cabbage. Currently, the main task is to abandon the import of seeds of foreign breeding, and therefore it is important to focus on creating new hybrids that will be of high quality, good yield and shelf life, as well as resistance to diseases and pests. Conclusions. Today, the Russian Federation is under severe sanctions from the United States and European countries, so the issue of food security is acute. An important role in solving the problem of forming sufficient amounts of food resources belongs to the agro-industrial complex, which plays an important role in the country's economy. An important role belongs to the vegetable growing industry, which provides the population with a variety of vegetable products all year round. The country remains dependent on imported seeds, and for accelerated import substitution it is advisable to develop such forms of support as direct financing of seed production costs, provision of benefits, loans and guarantees. It is also necessary to develop a targeted state program for the transition of the industry to domestic seed material. According to analysts, Russia will be able to fully provide itself with seeds by 2025–2030.

Застосування фіскальних правил у період подолання наслідків війни

Introduction. During the period of overcoming the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine, the risks of compliance with fiscal rules have intensified. Fiscal policy restrictions imposed by them restrained the active budget expansion necessary to increase spending and attract resources to finance adopted state programs. The task of revising the application of fiscal rules, determining rational levels of state budget financing, and preventing critical levels of the state debt from exceeding has arisen. Problem Statement. The negative effects of the pandemic and the war required a sharp increase in public expenditures, adjustments to their structure, and an increase in financial resources to cover them. Compliance with the requirements stipulated by the fiscal rules in force at that time did not allow to go beyond the accepted limits (regarding the maintenance of the indicators of the budget deficit and state debt). There was a need to make changes to the implementation of the budget policy to take into account the restrictions imposed by the fiscal rules. The purpose is to assess the application of fiscal rules in the period of overcoming the consequences of the war, as well as their adjustment in the aspect of reform programs in the EU. Methods. Conceptual approaches to complying with fiscal rules during the war and overcoming its consequences are defined. The issue of methodical provision of fiscal rules, application of mechanisms and budgetary procedures with the aim of their implementation in the practice of state administration is revealed. Results. In Ukraine, the introduction of fiscal rules into the practice of public finance management is in the initial stages. Unlike the EU, they contain only digital limits of budget aggregates, but do not provide for the use of mechanisms for maintaining fiscal stability and debt sustainability. It is also not provided for the application of the necessary budgetary procedures directing the state administration bodies to comply with these rules. During the period of overcoming the consequences of the pandemic and the war, fiscal rules began to restrain the implementation of an active expansionary policy, and therefore their effect was suspended. The recovery of Ukraine involves a review of the use of fiscal rules, taking into account the experience of their reform in the EU. Conclusions. The application of fiscal rules in Ukraine requires significant changes for their application in the practice of budget management, which take into account the results of their use in the EU member states, as well as the features of the economic and social development of our country. Such changes include: the adoption of real medium-term budget goals, the use of preventive mechanisms aimed at developing the state budget taking into account updated approaches, the adjustment of budget operations (in cases of deviations from the accepted requirements), the use of budget procedures that direct the government to comply with fiscal rules for the early correction of such deviations, deepening the transparency of budget operations, strengthening monitoring and evaluation of the use of budget rules by the parliament and specially created independent fiscal institutions.