State Policy Mechanisms Research Articles

State support for veteran entrepreneurship

Problem setting. In modern conditions, state support for veteran entrepreneurship plays a key role in the socioeconomic development of Ukraine. At the current stage, the veteran policy of Ukraine is being actively modernized and updated in accordance with the actual problems and challenges that arise during the implementation of state policy mechanisms regarding veteran entrepreneurship, however, the reformation requires attention to possible risks that may hinder the successful implementation of the policy. Involvement of war veterans in business activities is considered by the state and society as one of the most important mechanisms of reintegration of veterans, which corresponds to the state interests of Ukraine and the wishes of veterans according to sociological surveys. Purpose of research is to study the current state of legal regulation in Ukraine in the field of reintegration of veterans, in particular, the possibility of their professional adaptation and employment in entrepreneurial activities. Article’s main body. It has been established that promising directions for attracting veterans to entrepreneurship are: providing financial support to veteran business projects and benefits to veteran businesses in the field of public procurement along with related services (consultations, training, etc.), simplifying complex administrative procedures for veterans when receiving such benefits, ensuring equal access to state support programs for veterans.Evaluation of current initiatives and recommendations for their improvement can become the basis for further steps in the development of veteran entrepreneurship in Ukraine. Conclusions and prospects for the development. Modern Ukrainian legislation has ways to develop in the field of veterans’ rights protection, and the state policy of Ukraine is being modernized and updated in accordance with the current problems and challenges that arise during the implementation of state policy mechanisms for veteran entrepreneurship. However, on the way to reforming, those implementing it should pay attention to countermeasures that would make it impossible to reduce existing risks. In addition, laws could be passed to ensure that veterans receive preference in public contracting processes. This will not only support veterans in their transition to civilian life, but also emphasize their valuable skills and experience.

ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ДЕРЖАВНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ У СФЕРІ БІОЕНЕРГЕТИКИ: ЗАКОРДОННИЙ ДОСВІД ТА КРИТЕРІЇ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ДЛЯ УКРАЇНИ

Background . Renewable energy is energy obtained from renewable or inexhaustible energy sources. Such sources include the energy of the sun and water flows, wind, tides, geothermal sources, and biofuels. State policy in bioenergy is unique for each country and is determined by the specifics of economic development and natural and climatic conditions. At the same time, similar approaches can be identified in supporting bioenergy development: increased tariffs for the sale of energy, subsidies, tax benefits, etc. Taking national characteristics into account is often a key to the successful functioning of the national energy system. Basically, the policy of the states consists of creating economic incentives and formulating target indicators for energy development and emission reduction. Research object. The research object was the instruments of state policies in the field of bioenergy based on the example of the European Union (EU), the USA, and China. Methods . The publication is based on the use of various methods. Thus, the research methodology was based on general scientific methods, such as abstract and logical – to define the essence of bioenergy, system analysis, synthesis and comparison method – to reveal the essence of state policy in the field of bioenergy in different countries. Special methods, namely the structural-functional approach, were used to present the main mechanisms of state policy in the field of bioenergy; the analytical method was used to identify the criteria for the effectiveness of state policy in the field of bioenergy. Results . The analysis of the issue of state policy in the field of bioenergy allowed the author to achieve the research goal and show the importance of state policy tools for the state to create a favorable environment for the effective functioning of bioenergy. Consideration of the current state of scientific development of the problem of state policy in the field of bioenergy, analysis of foreign experience in the formation and implementation of state policy in the field of bioenergy, and determination of criteria for the effectiveness of state policy in the field of bioenergy contributed to the achievement of the specified goal. The role of Ukraine in global energy security and politics was noted. The author presented the main mechanisms of state policy in bioenergy. Among the criteria for the effectiveness of state policy in bioenergy, valuable, economic, regulatory, innovative, and relative criteria were identified. Сonclusions . Thus, understanding the mechanisms of state policy in the field of bioenergy and the use of certain criteria for its assessment will allow for the improvement of the relevant policy in Ukraine.

Адаптационные механизмы российского рынка труда в условиях неопределенности

The relevance of the study is due to the continuous changes in the labor market under the influence of external factors and the need to increase its adaptive abilities in conditions of uncertainty. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the adaptation of the Russian labor market to the conditions of uncertainty caused by the pandemic, and the development of new forms of employment that ensure the structural transformation of the market and changes in labor relations. The objectives of the study are to analyze new forms of work arising on the basis of transformation of models of interaction between participants in a period of uncertainty; to determine the vector of development of labor relations that ensure the balance of the labor market. Methodology . The study was carried out using methods of theoretical analysis, systematization, economic analysis, graphical method, comparative analysis method, and morphological analysis method. Results . The analysis of the dynamics of the labor market development indicators during the pandemic allowed us to conclude that it was destabilized in the conditions of uncertainty, manifested in the form of a decrease in employment indicators, an increase in unemployment, an increase in tension in the market. By 2021, many indicators of the labor market development have returned to a doc-like level. The activity of the Russian population in the global online labor market is analyzed, as well as the demand of Russian companies for labor on digital platforms. The directions of ensuring greater adaptability of the Russian labor market through the use of various mechanisms of state policy are substantiated. Conclusions . The emergence of new forms of work based on the transformation of models of interaction between participants has been established. It is concluded that accelerated digitalization during the pandemic created opportunities for online employment of the population, which contributed to the partial removal of tension in the Russian labor market.

МЕХАНІЗМИ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ПРОЦЕСІВ ЦИФРОВІЗАЦІЇ ДЛЯ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ НАЦІОНАЛЬНО УКОРІНЕНОЇ СТІЙКОСТІ ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ

The widespread use of digital technologies has become a key factor in the development of the modern economy. However, the potential risks associated with the digitalization process can weaken the stability and security of economic development, which necessitates strengthening the mechanisms of state regulation of the processes of development, implementation, and use of digital technologies through political support and the organization of appropriate regulatory and legal support. To form the theoretical basis of the research, general scientific methods were used. Based on the cross-national analysis, a comparison of the ethical and legal principles of the use of digital technologies was carried out and the priorities and peculiarities of their state regulation in individual countries of the world were determined. A systemic approach was used to identify the interrelationships between state regulation, legal support, and the use of digital technologies. Based on the use of the empirical method and the method of induction, general regularities are determined, the results are summarised and conclusions are drawn. The necessity of using the ethical and legal principles of regulating the use of digital technologies to ensure rooted resilience, increase the welfare of citizens and increase the competitiveness of the economy has been proven. There is a well-founded need to implement OECD principles into Ukraine's legislation and regulatory framework. The key tasks of the organization of state regulation, control, and supervision of the processes of development, implementation and use of digital technologies are defined, the principles of forming the legal framework in the field of digital technologies and the main components that ensure competitive advantages and digital sovereignty are formulated. It has been proven that international ethical and legal norms and standards of international organizations should be the institutional platform for the formation of effective state policy mechanisms in the field of regulation of digitalization processes. The developed recommendations can be used by the government and relevant ministries to effectively use the potential of digital technologies to increase the country's competitiveness and digital sovereignty.

Здравоохранение российской Арктики: уроки пандемии COVID-19, результаты оптимизации, приоритеты развития

The COVID-19 pandemic has focused the attention of governments, international organizations, and the scientific community on the need to rethink the priorities and directions in healthcare development. The explosive increase in morbidity has exposed the problem of an acute shortage of basic healthcare resources, especially in the hospital sector. The importance of having a modern healthcare infrastructure and accessible medical care for the population has increased unprecedentedly, as these services are relevant to all countries and regions, including the Arctic territories. This study contributes to the scientific discourse on the problem of developing human resources and infrastructure for healthcare in the Arctic territories. The aim of the study was to analyze the main trends in healthcare personnel and infrastructure provision in the Russian Arctic over the past two decades and identify directions for further development in this field. The study used research methods such as logical and comparative analysis, as well as content analysis. The findings demonstrate that healthcare in the Russian Arctic is polarized, with personnel and infrastructure resources unevenly distributed and primarily concentrated in administrative centers. To solve the identified problems, it is necessary to design differentiated state policy mechanisms and implement a comprehensive national program for the development of healthcare in the Russian Arctic, improve access to healthcare in remote and sparsely populated zones, and engage business in personnel and infrastructure development. The practical significance of this study lies its potential to inform the development of customized approaches that account for Arctic characteristics in healthcare system modernization and public administration practices for social development in the Russian Arctic. The consequences of the pandemic and emerging global challenges associated with changing geopolitical and geoeconomic conditions and the socio-economic consequences of such changes require further research in this area, including the consideration of paid healthcare issues, the development of industrial medicine, and assessing the resulting impact of healthcare system changes on the health of Arctic populations

Poverty Reduction through Federal and State Policy Mechanisms: Variation over Time and across the United States

The efficacy of the US antipoverty policy is shaped both by its reliance on categorical sorting and by its decentralized structure. To examine the implications of these features, this study introduces a novel disaggregation of poverty reduction instruments into four mechanisms: federal taxes and federal transfers (centralized) and state taxes and state transfers (decentralized). Using the Current Population Survey’s Annual Social and Economic Supplement data and a sequence-independent decomposition, this analysis assesses the relative effectiveness of the mechanisms at the national level between 1996 and 2016 and across the states in 2016. The study finds that absolute and relative poverty reduction is greater and has increased over time for working-age households with children compared with those without children. We also find cross-state variation in market- and disposable-income poverty and in the poverty reduction attributable to each of the redistributive mechanisms, highlighting the importance of examining poverty and antipoverty policy subnationally.

THE SPECIFICS OF THE MECHANISMS OF STATE POLICY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF DOMESTIC TRADE

Introduction. Domestic trade as a system-forming industry has been cosidered, performing critical tasks for the functioning of the national economy, which requires the use of scientifically based and methodological-applied approaches to the formation and development of the system of state regulation of its development. The need for the preparation of a state policy, which provides for the implementation of mechanisms, the toolkit of which allows to qualitatively establish the development of internal trade in the conditions of existential challenges, is increasing. The purpose of the article is scientific substantiation of the theoretical and methodological provisions of the specifics of the formation of mechanisms of state policy for the development of domestic trade. Research methods. The article uses a set of general scientific and special methods of scientific research, namely logical generalization, systemic approach (to substantiate conceptual provisions), grouping, analysis and synthesis (to identify mechanisms and their elements) of the formation of state policy for the development of domestic trade. The results. The prerequisites for the formation and implementation of the state policy for the development of domestic trade are defined, based on the need to build a favorable systemic and structurally balanced market environment in the country. The characteristics of the system of state management of internal trade are given, highlighting its target orientations, functional aspects and structural components. The mechanisms (institutional, economic, market, organizational, social) of the state policy for the development of domestic trade are identified and the specifics of their development and implementation are substantiated. The elements (toolkit, objects of regulation, tasks, functions) of the state policy mechanisms for the development of domestic trade are defined. Prospects. Further research should develop a theoretical and methodological basis for the formation of mechanisms for the modernization of the internal trade system, which will include new approaches to determining the vectors of state regulation of the internal market and will provide for the use of progressive methods to improve the quality of the system of state management of internal trade in accordance with existential challenges.

ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЕ ВУЗОВ С ИНДУСТРИАЛЬНЫМИ ПАРТНЕРАМИ

Interaction between universities and their industrial partners has become increasingly important in recent years. The development of this interaction has become even more urgent given the need for Russia to achieve technological sovereignty. In this article the authors consider several of the key models of interaction between universities and their industrial partners, the areas of such interaction, as well as the mechanisms of state policy implemented in Russia to strengthen cooperation between universities and enterprises and organizations. The authors pay special attention to the analysis of the practical experience of interaction of a particular university (Plekhanov Russian University of Economics) with its industrial partners. Successful interaction between higher education institutions and their partners can ultimately benefit society by driving innovation, economic growth and job creation.

ACTIVITY OF RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS ON THE TERRITORY OF UKRAINE IN THE CONDITIONS OF MILITARY AGGRESSION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AGAINST UKRAINE

B a c k g r o u n d . This article examines the influence of religious organizations in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war and analyzes their activities in resisting Russian aggression. Considering the importance of socio-religious relations in crises, this article reveals new aspects of the activity of religious organizations in Ukraine. The purpose of this study is to analyze the activities of religious organizations on Ukraine's territory during the Russian Federation's military aggression. Tasks include the analysis of socio-religious relations in the context of war, the study of humanitarian and peace-making activities of religious organizations, and proposals for forming state policy in the sphere of socio-religious relations. The object of the research is the activity of religious organizations on the territory of Ukraine in the conditions of military aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. The research focuses on the influence and role of religious organizations in resisting the Russian occupation, particularly in the analysis of socio-religious relations during the Russian-Ukrainian war. In the study context, two main areas of activity of religious organizations are considered – humanitarian and peacekeeping. The main task is the study of the influence of these organizations on public resistance to the aggressor, as well as the formation of proposals for the development of state policy mechanisms in socio-religious relations. M e t h o d s . This study uses an analytical approach, structural analysis and empirical methods. The analytical approach is used to analyze socio-religious relations and their impact on the situation in the conditions of military aggression. The structural analysis allows us to investigate religious organizations' humanitarian and peace-making activities. Empirical methods are used to collect and analyze factual data regarding the role of religious organizations in opposing the aggressor. The case study method or the method of specific situations was used to study specific cases of successful activities of religious organizations in crises. R e s u l t s . Analyzing the activities of religious organizations, it was found that they play an essential role in public resistance to the aggressor. Religious organizations are actively engaged in humanitarian and peacekeeping activities, assisting internally displaced persons, evacuated citizens, and informing the world about Russian aggression. C o n c l u s i o n s . The study confirms the importance of public mobilization and humanitarian activities of religious organizations in crises. In order to achieve successful results in the fight against the enemy, the state must promote the development of religious activities and provide conditions for their humanitarian and peacekeeping work. This article can be helpful for teachers and students of courses in political science, sociology, cultural studies, religious sociology, security and conflict studies who are interested in the study of socio-religious relations, public resistance in crises and the role of religious organizations in conflicts.

INTERACTION OF UNIVERSAL AND REGIONAL SPECIALIZED MECHANISMS OF COOPERATION OF STATES IN THE FIELD OF EDUCATION

This thesis reveals the issues of state policy mechanisms, which can be considered as a set of procedures for making managerial decisions. At the same time, the educational policy includes not only the decision-making process but also its practical implementation. In addition, maintaining the existing system and its consistent development is of great importance. This allows us to speak of the mechanisms of educational policy as a set of organisational and economical components that ensure the coordinated, interconnected and interacting functioning of all elements of the educational system.

СВІТОВА ПРАКТИКА ІМПЛЕМЕНТАЦІЇ ЗАСАД ЦИРКУЛЯРНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ

The article is devoted to the study of a circular economy as a new type of social and economic system. The circular economy paradigm ensures an increase of sustainable development, the creation of new jobs, environmental protection and a reduction in the level of harmful substances. It is substantiated that transition towards a circular economy is not uniform and varies depending on a series of factors such as the degree of industrialization, the level of technological development, the availability of qualified human resources and access to finance etc. For the development of the circular economy, the world’s leading countries began to use various tools and mechanisms of state policy in order to ensure its comprehensiveness. It includes the introduction of circular technologies, financing of circular business, the readiness of society to change the habits and create environmentally responsible tools of interaction. It is determined that the legislative regulation of the circular economy at the state level is carried out in a fragmented manner. Diversified risks during the implementation of R-imperatives, which are caused by the level of countries development, are determined. Levels of the circular economy implementation are examined. It is found out, the circular economy provides the optimization of industrial systems through the construction of an innovative model of regenerative production and distribution. It is defined, there is an asymmetry of the circular models implementation in different countries as a result of uneven economic development and the inefficiency of national circular systems. It is substantiated that each country has national peculiarities of the circular economy implementation. A defining feature of the postindustrial stage of highly developed countries is the focus on comprehensively promoting the introduction of the circular economy mechanisms into business practices of developing countries. It is emphasized that the implementation of joint development in the circular economy sphere requires from the countries to harmonize social, environmental and economic goals. It is underlined that the formation of the circular model of economic development should be based on the dominance of such elements as the state and business partnership; diversified support of enterprises environmentally responsible activity.

ДЕРЖАВНА ПОЛІТИКА В СФЕРІ ПАТРІОТИЧНОГО ВИХОВАННЯ

The article proves the need to cultivate patriotism through public policy, especially in modern wartime Ukraine. A successful path to victory is possible if public policy promotes the development of a system of national and patriotic education. We believe that in the conditions of modern development the idea of patriotism should be the core around which high ideological positions are formed, as well as the aspirations, readiness and ability of all people to actively work for the benefit of the homeland. It is proved that the target audience of the main document, which sets out the directions of state policy on patriotic education are young people, and such segments of the population as persons over 35 years of age, which make up 61.1 percent of the population are not involved. Based on a total population of 41.1 million at the beginning of 2022, measures aimed at promoting Ukrainian youth NGOs banned and persecuted by the occupation and Soviet regimes, including the Ukrainian Plast movement (Plast) and the Scout movement, Unions of Ukrainian youth that have survived abroad and resumed their activities in Ukraine with independence should be covered in 2022, only 0.7 percent of the population, which in our opinion is very small, given that the percentage of young people aged 15 to 35 is 24.7 percent. The planned level of youth coverage of measures aimed at increasing the number of young people ready to fulfill the duty to protect the independence and territorial integrity of Ukraine is quite low. Calculations show that out of the total number of young people (10.1 million people), only 239.6 thousand people will join the relevant activities. On average, 19.9 thousand people per month and 163 people per territorial community. It is determined that the influence of the state on the process of patriotic education is the use of appropriate mechanisms that contribute to achieving its goals. State mechanisms are closely linked and complementary, and their integrated use contributes to the main goal of public policy. The direction of patriotic educational state policy should be based on the fact that it is primarily national. We see future research on the essence of directions and mechanisms of state policy in the development of patriotic education of all segments of society and not only young people.

The policy of activating high-tech start-ups in the field of ICT: theoretical and methodological principles of formation

The research emphasizes the relevance of the formation and implementation of the state policy of stimulating the development and realization of the potential of high-tech startups in the field of information and communication technologies. It is argued that their activation is an integral prerequisite for both the technological modernization of the national economy and the digital transformation of the economy and society of each country. It is shown that the globalization changes of the world economy are taking place with the active expansion of the fields of application of information technologies, and the inability of countries to accept such trends leads to their economic slowdown and loss of opportunities to develop competitive advantages. The purpose of the study is to generalize and develop the theoretical and methodological foundations of state regulation in terms of stimulating the activation and supporting the development of high-tech startups in the field of information and communication technologies. The results of scientific research on the systematization of mechanisms, tools and means of forming the state policy of supporting high-tech start-ups in the sector of information and communication technologies are summarized. In particular, the role and significance of such mechanisms of state policy as organizational, economic, institutional-legal, institutional-organizational, social, psychological are shown. The theoretical and methodological provisions for the formation and implementation of the organizational and economic mechanism for the implementation of the state policy of supporting high-tech start-ups in the field of information and communication technologies have been developed. It was concluded that the theoretical-methodical and theoretical-practical basis of the organizational-economic mechanism of implementing the state policy of supporting high-tech start-ups in the field of ICT involves a complex coordinated combination of tools, means and measures. At the same time, the main task of state policy in this area is the formation of a favorable environment for the development, activation and efficiency of the activities of high-tech startups, as well as the implementation of organizational and management functions for managing the relevant processes.

Ukrainian regulatory policy’s target priorities to ensure decent working conditions in a platform economy

The article explores and reveals the key trends in the system of social and labor relations related to the impact of digitalization and the platform economy. These include individualization, increased competitiveness, lack of personal connections and traditional work teams, one-time, short-term and informal relationships. These trends generate a number of challenges and threats to traditional mechanisms for implementing public policy in the social and labor sphere, which are based – at the core – on the fundamental inconsistency of the institutional framework for the functioning of traditional regulatory mechanisms in the field of labor and employment (which are focused on long-term formal employment and stable labor collectives) and the system of social and labor relations, which is formed by the platform economy (which is characterized by informality, short duration and individualization of social and labor relations that arise). That is, the platform economy does not create those subjects on which the traditional system of implementation of state policy in the social and labor sphere is based. The article reveals the essence of the main problems for the traditional regulatory mechanisms of state policy for the development of social and labor spheres that have emerged in the context of the spread of the platform economy. The main emphasis is on transformational changes in the system of social and labor relations; on the problems and opportunities for the formation of mechanisms for representing the collective interests of platform workers and employers; on the regulatory and legal uncertainty of the status and unregulated activities of labor platforms; on the "erosion" of jurisdiction on transnational labor platforms, etc. The main target priorities for ensuring balanced social and labor development in the conditions of platform economy spreading are substantiated. They are: updating the existing system of contractual and state regulation of the social and labor sphere; implementation of modern systems and mechanisms for representing the collective interests of platform workers and employers; implementation of the National Platform for Social Dialogue and Socially Responsible Partnership; ensuring a comprehensive regulatory framework for platforms, development and implementation of policies of state and contractual regulation for the harmonization of socio-economic, labor, digital, neo-industrial and sustainable development in modern conditions.

Механизмы ускоренного экономического роста регионов Дальнего Востока

Introduction. At present, the issues of the Far East accelerated economic development remain in the focus of the state attention. Among the key mechanisms of state policy is the formation of advanced development territories (ADT). The article sets the task of studying the impact of the institutional measures taken on the welfare and the population’s life quality in the Far Eastern territories. Particular attention is paid to studying migration processes and analyzing the economic activity of the Far East population. The purpose of the article is to study the effects of implementing mechanisms for accelerated economic growth, as well as assess their impact on the life quality in the Far East regions. Methods. The authors use the following methods: economic and mathematical modeling, computational and analytical methods, comparative and spatial analysis. Scientific novelty of the research. For a comprehensive assessment of the regional well-being, the authors propose to supplement the multiplicative model based on the A. Sen’s extended welfare function with a composite ecological index. It takes into account the ecological conditions of human life, which are an important aspect of well-being. The authors obtain ecologically adjusted indicators of well-being for the eastern regions of the Russian Federation and study their dynamics, as well as the relations with the data on the population’s migration activity during the formation of new institutions of advanced development in the East of the country. Results. The authors find out that most of the Far Eastern territories are still lagging behind the average Russian level in socio-economic development. The results of assessing the level of well-being of regions on the basis of a multiplicative model without taking into account the environmental factor show that the most prosperous areas are raw materials-based territories. It is shown that the role of environmental factors in the life quality in the Far Eastern territories of Russia is very significant - the ecologically adjusted level of well-being is noticeably lower than the indicator that does not take into account this aspect of well-being. The authors reveal that socio-economically disadvantaged regions with difficult natural and climatic living conditions have very high rates of migration outflow. Their coefficients of migration loss reflect the presence of a crisis in economic development, which has been increasing in recent years. An analysis of trends in economic activity shows a relationship between the dynamics of the number of employed and the implementation of ADT projects in the Far Eastern territories. Conclusions. The conclusion is that the measures taken by the state for the advanced economic development of the eastern territories of the country have not yet had a noticeable positive impact on the welfare and life quality in the Far East regions.

Стратегічні пріоритети екомодернізації у промисловості України у контексті подолання глобальних економічних викликів і реалізації цілей

The long-term absence of a targeted state policy which would promote technological modernization in the industrial sector and radical reforms in the energy sector has caused raw materials and environmentally "dirty" industries to remain the focus of Ukraine's economy. Emergence of new challenges and threats caused by the revision of approaches to environmental policy made by many countries due to the exacerbation of climate problems, and by strengthening the environmental component of economic policy along with the introduction of numerous economic restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic, updates research in the field of developing effective state policy mechanisms aimed at promoting eco-modernization and decarbonization in Ukraine’s industry. So, the article is aimed at studying the causes and consequences of high resource intensity of Ukrainian industry and related current challenges and threats, as well as at developing recommendations for state measures to be taken to support and stimulate eco-modernization, increase resource efficiency and introduce circular production models in industry. The article analyzes the situation with and current problems of industrial production in Ukraine. Key global trends in structural and industrial policy in the context of achieving sustainable development goals are outlined; the challenges and threats faced by Ukraine in the process of adapting its industrial complex to the new realities of strengthening the environmental requirements for industrial production are identified; current state policy initiatives that will stimulate energy efficiency, eco-modernization and decarbonization in Ukrainian industry are summarized. Based on the analysis, recommendations are developed for the priority measures of state policy aimed at implementing rational models of resource consumption and increasing resource efficiency for industrial output.

Механізм взаємодії з міжнародними правоохоронними організаціями у сфері запобігання та протидії економічній злочинності

У статті доведено, що система правоохоронної діяльності України має бути побудована з метою налагодження ефективних взаємозв’язків з міжнародними правоохоронними організаціями. Наведено перелік та охарактеризовано глобальні й регіональні міжнародні правоохоронні організації, а саме: Інтерпол, Асеанапол, Афріпол, Європол, Амеріпол, GCCPOL, AIMC. Визначено, що сьогодні Україна співпрацює з двома такими організаціями: глобальною – Інтерпол (в Україні функціонує Національне центральне бюро на базі Міністерства внутрішніх справ України) і регіональною – Європол (Україна направила офіцерів зв’язку до цієї міжнародної правоохоронної організації). Розглянуто особливості функціонування зазначених правоохоронних організацій та особливості їх взаємодії з вітчизняними правоохоронними органами у сфері запобігання та протидії економічній злочинності.Проаналізовано хронологію розвитку Інтерполу як міжнародного правоохоронного органу. Досліджено організаційну структуру Інтерполу та охарактеризовано кожну її складову: Генеральну Асамблею, Виконавчий комітет, Президента Інтерполу, Генеральний секретаріат. Наведено характеристику діяльності директоратів Генерального секретаріату Інтерполу. Ідентифіковано механізми державної політики, що мають врегулювати діяльність вітчизняних правоохоронних органів у контексті відповідності діяльності Інтерполу. Надано характеристику глобальним цілям зазначеного правоохоронного органу й напрямам трансформації державної політики у сфері запобігання та протидії економічній злочинності. Досліджено особливості державного регулювання процедур взаємодії з Інтерполом. Проаналізовано розвиток Європолу як регіонального правоохоронного органу.

Advantages and risks of opening the land market in Ukraine

The relevance of the study is due to the abolishment of the moratorium on the sale of agricultural land and the risks arising from the land market opening in Ukraine. The paper aims to identify the effectiveness of land mortgages for the agricultural sector of the economy and determine the mechanisms of state policy aimed at legal groundwork to guarantee rights of landowners. The comparative analysis of the land market development in the Central European states contributed to identifying system-based state management of land market formation processes, which had a positive effect on the land reform outcomes in these states. The analysis results confirmed the timeliness of the land market opening in Ukraine, which is related to the chosen economic and political course. The investment attractiveness of the Ukrainian agro-industrial complex is due to high productivity of lands and is supported with the possibility of mortgaging agricultural land. Neutralization of factors hindering the foreign investment attracted to agricultural business will contribute to the attraction of efficient technologies and highly productive use of the agricultural land in Ukraine. Some measures aimed at the land relations transformation in Central Europe do not consider the peculiarities of the Ukrainian agricultural sector. In particular, it is not reasonable to sell agricultural land to foreigners. Assessment of certain provisions of the Law of Ukraine ‘On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on the Conditions of Agricultural Land Transactions’ No. 552-IX shows the inevitability of abuse by foreign-owned banking institutions of the possibility to alienate the lands pledged under any loan agreements. Criminalization of evasion from the alienation of agricultural land as collateral will prevent the risks of acquiring Ukrainian agricultural lands by foreign-owned banking institutions. It is concluded that the banking system will only perform the functions of an investor in the agricultural sector of the economy, so there is a need to strengthen the state regulation of the land market in Ukraine.

Особливості державної політики регулювання медичних послуг в Україні

У статті досліджено теоретичні та практичні основи державної політики щодо регулювання медичних послуг в Україні, що потребує підвищення рівня надання зазначених послуг та більш прозорої діяльності з надання таких послуг в умовах тривалого реформування в нашій країні. Авторами висвітлені особливості державного регулювання ринку медичних послуг, котрий перебуває у стані тривалого розвитку, котрий потребує жорсткого законодавчого регулювання для подальшого ефективного розвитку. Відзначено існування національних особливостей публічно-правового регулювання ринку медичних послуг в різних країнах, представлені практично діаметрально протилежними підходами і принципами. Здійснено аналіз державної політики України в галузі охорони здоров’я в якості організаційної та нормативної системи владних дій та управлінських рішень й основного регулятора здоров’я громадян. У статті сформульовано визначення державної політики регулювання медичних послуг з урахуванням специфіки медичної системи, окреслено проблеми в сфері організації ефективного державного регулювання медичних послуг та їх стандартизації, надані окремі рекомендації для створення ефективних механізмів державного впливу на ринок медичних послуг.

Research of the State Policy of Ukraine Regarding the Formation of a Living Wage as the Basis for Ensuring Social Guarantees

The state social policy of Ukraine is aimed at providing social guarantees for the population. The basis for the formation of social guarantees is the living wage, which is established and regulated at the legislative level. The article examines and identifies the main existing and predicted trends in the dynamics of the legislatively established and actual living wage in Ukraine. According to the results of the study, it was found that the mechanisms of state policy of Ukraine regarding the formation of a living wage as the basis for ensuring social guarantees are insufficiently effective. In this regard, the following measures and recommendations are proposed: modernize and regularly update the minimum set of the consumer basket, ensure its compliance with the real needs of the population, both at the physiological and social levels; improve the methodology for determining the cost of a set of consumer basket; to introduce the European experience, which is that the object of the establishment of the living wage is not individuals, but the average family; include taxes in the living wage for able-bodied persons; ensure an increase in the size of the legislatively established subsistence minimum, laid down in the State Budget of Ukraine, to the actual size of the living wage, which is determined by the Ministry of Social Policy of Ukraine.