State Organization Research Articles

The impact of geopolitical processes in Bosnia and Herzegovina on urban development and cultural identity

The historical-geographical development of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH) in the area of the fusion of Western and Eastern Christian civilizations and the Orient resulted in ethnic and religious heterogeneity, occasional political crises and ethnic conflicts that shaped the cultural identity and character of the entire development. BH was separated from the Yugoslav community in the conditions of the civil war. After the war in 1995, a complex administrative-territorial organization of the new state was established, based on the ethnic and religious affiliation of the population. At the same time, the transition of the socialist social system took place, as well as other geopolitical processes and social changes in the Western Balkans initiated by globalization. The paper focuses on cultural disintegration and changes in urban identity and development of cities through the analysis of the six largest urban centers as indicators of social changes in BH. The results of the analysis suggest that there has been a cultural differentiation of society, which is reflected in changes in the ethnic and religious structure of the population and their spatial distribution. Economic stagnation and depopulation of urban centers, as a consequence of the civil war and social reforms, were confirmed by a comparative analysis of statistical indicators of economic and demographic development. Cultural changes were determined by relevant scientific methods and approaches: historical-geographical method, comparative analysis of statistics of demographic indicators and changes in spatial distribution, ethnic and religious structure of the population, and economic changes by analysis of employment in sectors of the economy. The scientific results of previously published papers devoted to some of the mentioned problems, primarily economic development and population dynamics in BH and its large cities, were also taken into account. In this paper, social changes are observed through the cause-and-effect relationships of geopolitical and cultural processes (political, economic and cultural disintegration), social and economic reforms (ownership transition and deindustrialization) and their manifestations on cultural identity and the development of urban centers.

Workplace mental health promotion in a large state organization: Perceived needs, expected effects, neglected side effects

Background Work ability and mental health in the workplace is increasingly promoted in terms of workplace health management. In order to select suitable interventions at work in a concrete context, employees and managers of a large state organization (science and development sector) were asked about perceived needs, desired effects and possible side effects of health promotion interventions. Methods 13 semi-structured interviews with managers and three focus group interviews with employees (N = 20) were conducted in autumn 2020 by a behavior therapist in training. The evaluation was carried out by a qualitative content analysis of the interview transcripts according to a deductive procedure and was checked by two independent raters. Results Most frequently, need was expressed for individual case counselling by a health expert due to the diversity of work-related problems. Managers would like to see more health-related leadership training, and a review of the various communication channels of their organization. Expected positive effects are increased self-efficacy, higher person-job-fits and reduced absenteeism. Side effects were mentioned, such as confusion of health management activities with therapy, or sensitization effects when speaking too much about mental health in mentally healthy teams. Lack of competence with the topic of mental health was mentioned as a reason for non-participation in mental health promotion activities. Conclusions The role of managers in relation to mental health needs to be more defined. Side effects related to mental health activities should be considered in evaluations. Selection of health interventions should depend on the concrete needs of the organization.

The theory of democratic integration

The outcome of the 2024 European Parliament elections highlights the need for the EU to underpin its functioning as a European democracy with a proper political theory. This article introduces the theory of democratic integration as a political philosophy of the EU. It aims to provide the EU with a philosophical foundation by analysing its evolution as a deviation from the Westphalian system of international relations and its doctrine of absolute sovereignty. The article finds that the EU is succeeding in creating a new democratic home for its citizens and its member states. In times of increasing support for parties which promote national sovereignty as the recipe for the future and which consequently call for the dismantling of the European Parliament and the deconstruction of EU democracy, the theory will empower the Union to defend its constitutional achievements and prevent it from backsliding into an undemocratic organisation of illiberal states.

Deeper but smaller: Higher-order interactions increase linear stability but shrink basins.

A key challenge of nonlinear dynamics and network science is to understand how higher-order interactions influence collective dynamics. Although many studies have approached this question through linear stability analysis, less is known about how higher-order interactions shape the global organization of different states. Here, we shed light on this issue by analyzing the rich patterns supported by identical Kuramoto oscillators on hypergraphs. We show that higher-order interactions can have opposite effects on linear stability and basin stability: They stabilize twisted states (including full synchrony) by improving their linear stability, but also make them hard to find by markedly reducing their basin size. Our results highlight the importance of understanding higher-order interactions from both local and global perspectives.

Impaired brain ability of older adults to transit and persist to latent states with well-organized structures at wakeful rest.

The intrinsic brain functional network organization continuously changes with aging. By integrating spatial and temporal information, the process of how brain networks temporally reconfigure and remain well-organized spatial structure largely reflects the brain function, thereby holds the potential to capture its age-related declines. In this study, we examined the spatiotemporal brain dynamics from resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data of healthy young and older adults using a Hidden Markov Model (HMM). Six brain states were generated by HMM, with the young group showing higher fractional occupancy and mean dwell time in states 1, 3, and 4 (SY1, SY2 and SY3), and the older group in states 2, 5, and 6 (SO1, SO2 and SO3). Importantly, comparisons of transition probabilities revealed that the older group showed a reduced brain ability to transition into states dominated by the younger group, as well as a diminished capacity to persist in them. Moreover, graph analysis revealed that these young-specific states exhibited higher modularity and k-coreness. Collectively, these findings suggested that the older group showed impaired brain ability of both transition into and sustain well spatially organized states. This emphasized that the temporal changes in brain state organization, rather than its static mode, could be a key biomarker for detecting age-related functional decline. These insights may pave the way for targeted interventions aimed at mitigating cognitive decline in the aging population.

LINE1 and PRC2 control nucleolar organization and repression of the 8C state in human ESCs.

The mechanisms that ensure developmental progression in the early human embryo remain largely unknown. Here, we show that the family of long interspersed nuclear element 1 (LINE1) transposons prevents the reversion of naive human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to 8-cell-like cells (8CLCs). LINE1 RNA contributes to maintenance of H3K27me3 levels, particularly at chromosome 19 (Chr19). Chr19 is enriched for key 8C regulators, H3K27me3, and genes derepressed upon LINE1 knockdown or PRC2 inhibition. Moreover, Chr19 is strongly associated with the nucleolus in hESCs but less in 8CLCs. Direct inhibition of PRC2 activity induces the 8C program and leads to a relocalization of Chr19 away from the nucleolus. LINE1 KD or PRC2 inhibition induces nucleolar stress, and disruption of nucleolar architecture is sufficient to de-repress the 8C program. These results indicate that LINE1 RNA and PRC2 maintain H3K27me3-mediated gene repression and 3D nuclear organization to prevent developmental reversion of hESCs.

Formation of the Scientific and Educational Landscape of the Digital Economy of the Countries of the Organization of Turkic States and the Eurasian Economic Union

The importance of creating and disseminating national digital terminology in the state language was noted. Problems in the field of language terminology in the IT sphere are considered. The impact of the digital transformation of the economy and the spread of English technical terms into the national language is described. A project has been proposed to create a dictionary of digital terms in the Kazakh language with the participation of international experts from the countries of the Organization of Turkic States and the Eurasian Economic Union with the aim of their possible harmonization and use of the online platform.

Алгоритмизация управленческих процессов медицинской организации для создания цифровой модели функционального прототипа регионального проекта в отрасли здравоохранения.

Currently, the issues of algorithmization of various systems, objects, phenomena and processes for their subsequent digitalization are relevant. The essence of this approach is associated with the active development of information technology. The purpose of the study is to identify processes (algorithms) for preparing and creating a digital model of a project prototype, starting with an examination of the object (managerial processes of the project activity of a medical organization) in all functional states under the influence of external factors and the existing communication environment of the system. Materials and methods. The theoretical basis of the review was the scientific works of Russian and foreign researchers devoted to the study of the processes of algorithmization, prototyping and mathematical modeling. More than 30 literature sources were analyzed. The research methods were: system analysis, comparison, systemic and integrated approaches, as well as the method of problem modeling and abstraction. Results. The project-oriented orientation of the healthcare industry dictates the need to develop a practical system methodology and a holistic approach to the creation of digital prototypes of medical organization projects, which will rationalize the constant search for new management models to optimize project processes. The authors made the assumption that in order to visualize design processes by selecting optimal variants of prototype models, it is possible to create a digital prototype by algorithmizing management processes. To visualize the process algorithms (mechanisms) of the prototype(s) of project management processes, researchers proposed using a matrix that allows one to correlate the formalized processes of the project model with the processes of system functioning through the stages of the project life cycle. Conclusions. The transfer of management activities into a digital format implies clear formalization and codification using pre-formed prototypes of standard management processes for further digitization and development of digital (native) prototypes. In the next article, the authors plan to analyze in detail the matrix output data obtained from the formalization of project management processes in order to obtain information that complements the results of full-scale tests of a real system, and to obtain forecasts for the evolution of the project system over time.

Professional Ethics in the Commodity Economy

Research on professional ethics in the conditions of commodity economy aims to clarify the systematic transformation of natural functions into social tasks, thereby clarifying the moral life governed by standards and measured by money; profession is the object of life. The content of the article uses the methodology of humanistic and social philosophy, and combines qualitative methods in the study of moral life, in which humans are both the subject and the object of morality. The result has clarified the object of morality, which is the truth of life. However, the truth of life is standardized and measured by money, causing the truth to be distorted. Profession is joy, the mission of life, the truth, creativity, and freedom in profession, but working for money is suffering; that is, forced labor. The conclusion is that the right to own life in all species is the instinct of survival. Property rights make each individual a product of the family, religion, state, economic unit, and professional organization. Standards are the measure of occupation, and social status in the division of labor becomes the appropriation of money from each other, giving rise to class morality. The struggle is not to abolish humans but to abolish everything that is not human for sustainable development in a commodity economy.

Linking Interprofessional Community Health Experiences With Nursing Education: 15 Years and Counting.

Ensuring that nurses and other health care professionals are trained to work together in teams is critical. Recent literature describes interprofessional education (IPE) programs that meet community health needs. However, there is a need for descriptions of IPE programs embedded in the communities they serve. Bridging the Gaps (BTG) is a collaboration between academic health institutions/universities and community organizations in the northeastern United States. BTG links IPE with the provision of health-related services for under resourced communities. This article describes the development of one BTG Community Health Internship Program (BTG CHIP) affiliate site (BTG, Lehigh Valley). Since inception, 114 interns completed the program as part of BTG CHIP, Lehigh Valley, for a total of 3192days of service provided to the community. BTG CHIP, Lehigh Valley, serves as a case study for establishing similar community-based IPE programs. This article describes challenges, opportunities, and replication strategies.

The Reinvigoration of the Organization of Turkic States amid Ongoing Geopolitical Unrest and Economic Uncertainty

The recent regional events and the geopolitical consequences of the Russo-Ukrainian war have had a profound impact on the dynamics among Türkiye, Azerbaijan, and the Central Asian Turkic states (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan). This shifting geopolitical landscape has been the catalyst of collaboration and integration for these countries under the Organization of Turkic States (OTS), an intergovernmental organization that aims to foster cooperation among Turkic-speaking nations. Being established in 2009, this emerging bloc has pursued a relatively low-profile policy on geopolitical issues in the past decade. However, after years of relatively little activity, things have started to change drastically due to the global situation that is being shaped by wider geopolitical factors. The OTS steadily began to pursue a more ambitious agenda and eventually helped bolster relations and stimulate regional socio-economic development efforts during the last four years, focusing on building stronger regional cooperation through ethnocultural links. The article examines how the Turkic alliance has stimulated functional cooperation through the facilitation of trade, investment, and economic cooperation among its members and observer states.

Nurse experiences and perspectives with missed nursing care during COVID-19: A qualitative study.

This study aimed to determine clinical nurse and nurse manager perspectives on missed nursing care (MNC) during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study utilized a qualitative exploratory descriptive design. Data were obtained through focus groups and virtual interviews. Purposive sampling was used to select nurse and nurse manager participants in COVID-19 units and the Emergency Department in one large healthcare organization in the northeastern United States of America. A total of 15 nurses and nurse managers participated in the study. Results revealed five categories: medication delivery, turning patients, double checks, communication and rapport, and patient surveillance. A variety of factors contributed to the perceptions and experiences of MNC of COVID-19 patients during the early stage of the pandemic. The COVID-19 crisis put additional and unparalleled pressure on a strained nursing workforce. Hospital leaders are responsible for ensuring their frontline nurses have the resources they need to feel supported in their roles regardless of the presenting circumstances. Nurse leaders should employ evidence-based strategies such as promoting and championing teamwork to support staff and reduce incidences of MNC during crises. Our current work may serve as a basis for informing future revisions of pre-pandemic measurement tools when applied in a pandemic-specific context. This manuscript adheres to the standards for reporting qualitative research (SRQR); a synthesis of recommendations. There was not patient or public contribution for this study.

Comparative analysis of corporate social responsibility management: foreign experience

Building the concept of a socially responsible enterprise is an important element of the process of implementing sustainable development at enterprises and in the country as a whole. The purpose of the paper is the analysis and systematization of key aspects of social protection, provision of social services, organization and management of social responsibility of enterprises, organizations and the state as a whole in developed countries of the world in order to develop a mechanism of social responsibility management in Ukraine. To achieve the goal, the following tasks have been set to research modern approaches to social protection and the provision of social services in foreign countries of the world, as well as to analyze the best foreign practices in managing social responsibility at the enterprise, local and state levels. A scheme of interconnection of local social responsibility, consisting of external and internal and operating at the level of the enterprise, region, industry, and state, has been built. The scheme made it possible to substantiate the criteria by which the analysis was carried out - social protection, social services, management of social responsibility by levels (state, local and enterprise or organization level). It was concluded that the management of social responsibility is carried out in countries according to the models of social responsibility chosen by the state in accordance with traditions and culture. At the same time, there is no single classification of these models. The classifications differ only in the complete disclosure of the European model. It has been proven that the models of social responsibility differ in the level of intervention by state authorities regarding social protection and the provision of social services. The conducted comparative analysis will allow to build a mechanism for managing the social responsibility of the enterprise.

Nephrology Provider Engagement in Comprehensive Shared Decision-Making Discussions With Older Adults: Results of a Cross-Sectional Survey.

Background: The largest patient group initiating dialysis for end-stage renal disease is persons over 75 years. Evidence indicates pre-dialysis shared decision-making discussions between nephrology providers and older adults are infrequent and often do not include an option for conservative management of symptoms without dialysis. Aims: To assess and compare behavioral determinants of nephrology providers' use of comprehensive pre-dialysis shared decision-making discussions with older adults. A secondary aim was to prepare the bases for tailored behavioral intervention(s) for nephrology providers by identifying the determinant(s) that should be targeted to elicit change in comprehensive shared decision-making intentions and the resulting behavior. Methods: A cross-sectional survey based on the Theory of Planned Behavior was completed by nephrologists from a state organization and nephrology advance practitioners from a national organization, either in person or online via Qualtrics. Results: Survey respondents included nephrologists (n=29), and nurse practitioners (n=37) and physician assistants (n=7), combined, were predominantly female (83%) and White American (67%). Spearman rho correlation results showed attitude, social norm, and perceived behavioral control were correlated with shared decision-making behavior for one or both groups. Significant differences were present between the two groups for determinants and behaviors. Conclusion: Based on the determinants predominantly influencing SDM behavior of nephrology advance practitioners, behavioral interventions targeting the determinants of Social Norm and Perceived Behavioral Control are warranted. All determinants can be utilized in behavioral interventions for nephrologists.Opportunity exists for collaboration between providers to develop consistent and effective methods of SDM discussion that fit into a typical workday.

Development of mental regulation of students' psychological states during the learning process

The article presents the results of a study of the development of mental regulation of students’ psychological states during their studies at a university. This work is based on authors’ conceptual model of the structural and functional organization of psychological states’ mental regulation. The study was carried out at the initial and final stages of students’ education in everyday and stressful situations of academic activity covering the period from 2019 to 2023. Methods and effectiveness of psychological state self-regulation were studied using well-known valid methods and specially designed questionnaires. Mental structures such as reflection, life meaning orientation, and self-system, as well as individual regulatory properties studied outside educational situations in first (2018) and fourth years (2022) of study were investigated. As a result of the study, it was established, that, regardless of the situation of educational activity, psychological states acquire greater stability (equilibrium) by the senior year of study, which is associated with the effectiveness of states’ self-regulation. Changes in mental structures from the initial course to the final of study are revealed in an increase in the intensity of their manifestations in all main indicators. It has been established that in both situations, during the learning process, students experience an increase in the involvement of mental structures (primarily reflexive) and regulatory properties in the regulation of psychological states. In each situation of educational activity and at each stage of training, there were identified the leading structures of consciousness, determining the choice of self-regulation methods, which, in turn, are associated with the substructures of psychological states. It has been also stablished that from the initial stage of study to the final one, there is an increase in the number of methods used for states’ self-regulation, as well as their relationships with mental structures and regulatory properties of the personality, which indicates the development of a system of mental regulation of students’ psychological states.

The role of the “history effect” in the formation of the expected result in the problem-solving process

The article presents the results of a study of the development of mental regulation of students’ psychological states during their studies at a university. This work is based on authors’ conceptual model of the structural and functional organization of psychological states’ mental regulation. The study was carried out at the initial and final stages of students’ education in everyday and stressful situations of academic activity covering the period from 2019 to 2023. Methods and effectiveness of psychological state self-regulation were studied using well-known valid methods and specially designed questionnaires. Mental structures such as reflection, life meaning orientation, and self-system, as well as individual regulatory properties studied outside educational situations in first (2018) and fourth years (2022) of study were investigated. As a result of the study, it was established, that, regardless of the situation of educational activity, psychological states acquire greater stability (equilibrium) by the senior year of study, which is associated with the effectiveness of states’ self-regulation. Changes in mental structures from the initial course to the final of study are revealed in an increase in the intensity of their manifestations in all main indicators. It has been established that in both situations, during the learning process, students experience an increase in the involvement of mental structures (primarily reflexive) and regulatory properties in the regulation of psychological states. In each situation of educational activity and at each stage of training, there were identified the leading structures of consciousness, determining the choice of self-regulation methods, which, in turn, are associated with the substructures of psychological states. It has been also stablished that from the initial stage of study to the final one, there is an increase in the number of methods used for states’ self-regulation, as well as their relationships with mental structures and regulatory properties of the personality, which indicates the development of a system of mental regulation of students’ psychological states.

Intergenerational effects of maternal childhood maltreatment on newborns' stress regulation: The role of maternal depressive symptoms

BackgroundMaternal childhood maltreatment (CM) has been repeatedly associated with negative offspring's emotional outcomes. The dysregulation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis has emerged as the main underlying physiological mechanism. ObjectiveTo explore the association between maternal CM and newborns' physiological and neurobehavioral stress responses, considering the role of perinatal maternal depression and bonding. Participants and setting150 healthy women were followed throughout pregnancy. 79 mother-infant dyads were included in the final analyses. Maternal CM was evaluated using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and depressive symptoms by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at each trimester. At 7 weeks postpartum, the EPDS and the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire were administered. Newborns' behavioral responses were assessed using “States Organization” (SO) and “States Regulation” (SR) subdomains of the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS). Newborns' salivary samples were collected before and after the NBAS to study cortisol reactivity. MethodsA cross-lagged panel model was employed. ResultsInfants born to mothers with higher CM presented more optimal scores on SO (β (0.635) = 0.216, p 〈001) and SR (ß (0.273) = 0.195, p = .006), and a higher cortisol reactivity after NBAS handling (β(0.019) = 0.217, p = .009). Moreover, newborns of mothers with higher CM and postpartum depressive symptoms exhibited a poorer performance on SR (ß (0.156 = −0.288,p = .002). Analyses revealed non-significant relationships between mother-infant bonding, newborns' cortisol reactivity and SO. ConclusionsNewborns from mothers with greater CM present higher cortisol reactivity and more optimal behavioral responses, which may reflect a prenatal HPA axis sensitization. However, those exposed to maternal postnatal depressive symptoms present poorer stress recovery.

DEVELOPMENT OF TRADE UNION ORGANIZING AS A HISTORICAL LEGACY AND A CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT

Throughout history, trade union organization has undergone significant reforms and changed as the organization of the state itself has changed. Trade union organization went through three historical phases: the phase until the nineteenth century, the phase from the nineteenth century to the middle of the twentieth century, and the final phase in the twenty-first century. Trade union organization followed the organization of the first states, through which workers defended their labor rights under primitive conditions in a primitively organized way. The first modern forms of trade union organizing were experienced in the territory of the United Kingdom, which is also considered the forerunner of trade union organizing. The right to organize a trade union, although today one of the fundamental collective rights, is increasingly becoming the subject of discussions and dilemmas, whether this right is really necessary in labor relations and, in the end, in constitutions of a large number of countries, as a promotion of economic and social rights. The paper could be divided into three parts, firstly the authors want to define the historical development of trade union organization, the process of developing in the countries of the world, what are the key historical moments in which this right made and contributed to “a quality more” in labor relations, and which were the first laws-constitutions that provided for this fundamental right today. The second part of the paper refers to the current normative legal situation in the Republic of Serbia regarding trade union organization and specifically trade union rights. The third part actually represents the main purpose of the paper, which is to point out some potential problems in the twenty-first century that union organizing in the international community is facing.

Crafting a Brand from Tradition: An Innovative Public Diplomacy Strategy for the Organization of Turkic States

This paper explores the potential of the Organization of Turkic States (OTS) in leveraging Public Diplomacy to bolster its international stature, proposing the development of a unique brand, “Yurt Yeli.” Drawing parallels with South Korea’s successful Hallyu (Korean Wave) initiative, the paper suggests that the OTS can similarly utilize Yurt Yeli to harness the power of Public Diplomacy. The analysis begins with an in-depth look at Hallyu, providing a framework for understanding its effectiveness in public diplomacy. It then delves into the conceptualization and potential implementation of Yurt Yeli, tailored to resonate with the Turkic World’s unique cultural heritage and values. Given the OTS’s role as a representative of the Turkic World on the global stage, the paper underscores its vast potential in employing Public Diplomacy strategies to enhance its international visibility and influence. The comparison between Hallyu and the proposed Yurt Yeli offers insights into how cultural elements can be transformed into powerful tools for diplomatic engagement and global presence enhancement.

Variation in dentist participation between dental medicaid managed care organizations.

Dentists' Medicaid participation is a critical factor affecting dental care access for Medicaid beneficiaries. An important gap in existing literature is the variation in participation across Medicaid dental Managed Care Organizations (MCOs) in states with more than one. This study examined the variation in participation overall and in predictors of dentist participation between two MCOs in Iowa's Dental Medicaid program. Data were obtained from a survey of Iowa private practice dentists (n = 1256). Responding general dentists (n = 497) were included in the final analytic sample. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine demographic and practice characteristics associated with dentist participation (acceptance of new Medicaid patients) between MCOs and by age category. Among respondents, the proportions accepting new adults with Medicaid were 26% (MCO 1) and 7% (MCO 2); for children, they were 40% (MCO 1) and 11% (MCO 2). For adults, dentists who were too busy (MCO1) and solo practice dentists (MCO2) were positively significantly associated with the acceptance of new patients. For children, group and rural practice dentists, as well as dentists who worked <32 h/week were positively significantly associated with acceptance of new patients with MCO1. There was considerable variation in dentist-reported acceptance of new adult and child Medicaid patients, and in the factors affecting acceptance of new patients between MCOs in Iowa dental Medicaid. Future studies of Medicaid participation should consider variations by MCO in states with more than one dental MCO so as not to miss important factors affecting Medicaid participation.