State Migration Policy Research Articles

Особенности государственной политики интеграции иммигрантов в приграничных регионах

The article discusses various features of the implementation of state migration policy in relation to migrants in border regions. The paper notes that the effective implementation of the integration policy is only possible taking into account the migration potential of each individual region and especially emphasizes the need for a policy aimed at integrating migrants into the host community. The author concludes that one of the key tasks of state policy in this area should be the organization of regular monitoring of the migration environment of borderlands based on 3 groups of indicators: socio-psychological, ethnocultural and socio-economic ones. The mechanism for conducting sociological monitoring of the regional migration environment should include equipment and technologies, measurement methods, including statistical and sociological ones, as well as tools and instruments for measuring and analyzing quality. The author proposes to create a unified management system in the border regions, in the work of which all state and public entities carrying out activities in the field of integration of migrants should be involved.

Конституционные основы миграционной политики Российской Федерации

In this article, the purpose of the study was to study the state concept of the migration policy of the Russian Federation, which was adopted for 2019-2025. In addition, we analyzed the relationship between the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, but also with other normative legal acts regulating migration relations in the Russian Federation. In the theoretical part, the main task of the migration policy of the Russian Federation, in connection with the put into effect of the state migration Concept, taking into account the fact that the main directions of the state migration policy and the mechanisms of its implementation actually imply the achievement of the results necessary to normalize relations in the sphere of movement. Special attention should be paid to combating corruption in the performance of functions related to the provision of public services in the service sector, causing a challenge to eliminate conditions and conducive to corruption, as well as informatization of the spheres of state and public life. It is concluded that the conclusion is that the exercise by citizens of their right to free movement, specified in Art. 27 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

Migration potential of the post-soviet space as a resource of the Russian rural labor market

Human resources are the most important factor in the socio-economic development of the econo-my, including the economy of the agricultural sphere (meaning the organic unity of agricultural production and rural areas). In this regard, the authors of the study pay special attention to the analysis of the situation of its staffing, primarily in terms of studying the processes occurring in the human resources potential of mass professions, specialists and managers of agricultural organ-izations in Russia. The analysis was carried out according to the departmental reports of the Min-istry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation. The article shows the dependence of the agricultur-al labor market, characterized by a shortage of personnel, both mass professions and specialists, on the internal factor (training of personnel) and external (attraction of migrants), examines the modern agricultural labor market, describes the multidirectional trends in the supply of labor both at the expense of migrants and at the expense of the domestic system of professionalization of personnel. It is determined that the outfl ow of rural population within and between the regions of Russia is more extensive than the inflow due to migration exchange with foreign countries, this disparity increases during the pandemic caused by COVID-19 and related social distancing measures. At the same time, despite the constantly observed decline in the number of workers in mass professions in the agro-industrial complex, the availability of jobs is almost at the same lev-el of 93–95 %. It is shown that the income of migrants and the transfer of part of the funds to the countries of emigration have a positive effect on GDP growth and poverty reduction in these countries, and the quality of exported labor also improves. The relationship between rural migration and agricultural production is revealed. As a result of the study, the authors come to the conclu-sion that the state migration policy should stimulate the consolidation of the rural population and the return migration of the urban population to the rural area, and increase the attractiveness of rural areas for resettlement through the formation of unified rural-urban labor markets and agglomerations.

Світові тенденції міграції, її причини та наслідки для держави в умовах глобалізації

The article examines illegal migration and the government's policy to eliminate it. The concept of illegal migration is defined: the prerequisites for its occurrence and its signs. The reasons for illegal migration and its consequences have been substantiated. The state policy of Ukraine regarding countering illegal migration has been determined: security issues aspects. The main scientific result of the work is that uncontrolled migration processes are a threat to national interests. By analyzing the impact of migration on the national security of our state, it has been proved that the main drawbacks of the state migration policy to combat uncontrolled migration are the insufficient number of specialists and experts in the field of migration, as well as the fact that the negative consequences of uncontrolled migration in our country have not yet fully manifested themselves. To a lesser extent, mistakes in defining national interests lead to state disorder and pose a threat to the nation. In addition, it has been established that refugees who are in the country illegally and are not registered by the relevant authorities constitute a threat to society.

European Regional Cooperation in the Rectification of Destructiveness and Criminalisation of Crisis Migration

The article examines political-legal, institutional forms of regional pan-European cooperation to prevent destructiveness and criminalisation of unregulated and international humanitarian migration, refugees. These migration types are crisis, due to unfavourable sociocultural, infrastructure, financial-economic, ethno-social, environmental, political-legal, religious and other factors, harming traditional living environments. The testing of pan-European instruments on crisis migration is analysed on Germany’s example, one of the key recipient countries of the European Union. Promising forms of ordering unregulated and international humanitarian migration, refugees have corresponded with the state migration policy of the Russian Federation.

Миграционная составляющая демографической динамики в развитии человеческого капитала современной России

The article focuses on the problems of return migration of compatriots in conditions of COVID-19 pandemic and on the way out of it in the context of the implementing the Concept of the state migration policy of the Russian Federation for 2019-2025. The author assesses the opportunities and prospects of external migration to compensate for the natural decline in the demographic potential of Russia. It is shown that it is unrealistic to ensure the upward demographic dynamics of the country’s population in the coming years only by activating measures to increase the birth rate and reduce mortality. In solving this problem it is of great importance to implement those areas of migration policy that are associated with more active use of the remaining residual migration potential of a part of the Russian-speaking population in the post-Soviet space. The paper considers the current processes of resettlement from the countries of the near and far abroad, the estimates of which do not give grounds for too much optimism. The diagnostics of trends related to the implementation of the State program to assist voluntary resettlement of compatriots living abroad to the Russian Federation was carried out. The problematic components of including migrants to the economic and social structures of Russian society are identified and disclosed. The article substantiates the need to address a set of issues related to more active use of the remaining residual migration potential of Russian speaking communities abroad. Conclusions are drawn about the need to modernize the migration policy of the Russian state during and after the end of the active phase of the fight against coronavirus. Recommendations and measures proposed to improve the state migration policy in the field of resettlement of compatriots to their historical homeland are presented in this article.

Sociological Evaluation of the Influence of International Migration on the Socio-Economic Development of the Rostov Region

Introduction. In Russia, migration is currently considered to be an important resource for replenishing the population, although the population growth resulting from migration is quite slow. Russia’s Concept of the State Migration Policy until 2025 has been revised in order to improve the situation and ensure the inflow of foreign labor migrants. The goal of this article, based on the results of the conducted study, is to reveal the attitude of the population of the host community (Rostov Region) towards an increase in the flow of foreign labor migrants in the current socio-economic circumstances, as well as the expert evaluation of the effectiveness of handling the migration situation at the regional level. Materials and Methods. The object of study conducted was the migration situation in the Rostov Region, which is one of the leaders in the socio-economic development of the macroregion and the border area of ​​the South of Russia. A survey was conducted among the general public (n = 300) using the method of standardized interviews, among university students (n = 200), using the method of questionnaire, and among experts (n = 30) using the method of semi-structured interviews. The constructivist approach was adopted as the conceptual foundation of the analysis performed. This enabled the author to use various methods of surveying the population, including university students and the expert community. Results. The performed analysis of the collected empirical material has revealed that most people in the region use the results of migrant labour in various sectors of the economy without treating migrants as competitors in the regional labor market and do not feel any noticeable influence of migrants on their lives. Experts are more critical of the prospects of integrating migrants, perceiving the growth of their number as a threat to the cultural identity of the host community. Discussion and Conclusion. Dynamic development of a region requires proactive migration policies, largely based on the loyalty of the population, including young people, to foreign migrants and their positive attitude towards integration. The analysis of the collected material has been targeted at the regional authorities implementing migration policies. The research results may prove useful to civil society institutions promoting interaction between migrants and the host community.

Modeling the assessment of the connection of migration and economic development: Case of Azerbaijan

The article's purpose was to model the assessment of the associated impact of migration and economic of Azerbaijan. The indicators of the correlation between the intensity of migration and economic growth have been substantiated. Using the Granger test, the cause-and-effect relationships of migration and the country's economic development were determined. Based on the identified relationships, a polymodal complex has been built, consisting of regression models, which reflect the nature of the mutual influence between socio-economic development indicators and the intensity of migration in Azerbaijan. The hands' number of immigrants and emigrants in Azerbaijan for 2024 has been predicted considering the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The optimal ratio between the number of immigrants and emigrants was determined by linear optimization, ensuring GDP per capita in Azerbaijan at the level of modern economic development. The results obtained can serve as a basis for the development of a compelling state migration policy.

CONTENTS OF REGULATION OF MIGRATION RELATIONS IN MODERN LEGAL REGIMES OF UKRAINE

The range of issues directly related to the mechanisms of state regulation of migration relations in modern legal regimes of Ukraine is investigated. Examining the issues related to the mechanisms of state regulation or management, it was found that it is one of the components of the management system, which contains political, social, economic, organizational, legal and other levers of influence of public authorities and management to ensure sustainable development. It was found that the regime of migration relations includes the legal status of citizens of Ukraine, foreigners, internally displaced persons, refugees, stateless persons, each of which is a separate legal regime with its own objectives. All the above categories of persons in the legal regulation of the status of foreign citizens have the principle of equality and equality before the law. However, this does not mean that all categories of foreign nationals who are temporarily, temporarily or permanently residing in the territory of the state have the same rights and have the same responsibilities. When considering the existing mechanisms of state regulation of migration processes, an attempt was made to identify problematic aspects that need to be addressed. In particular, there is a lack of appropriate information support for the implementation of the Concept of State Migration Policy. The generalizations made it possible to find out that the state regulation of migration processes is a purposeful, coordinated activity of state executive bodies and local governments in the implementation of priority areas of migration policy through the development and implementation of certain socio-political, organizational, legal, social, financial and economic, security, information, motivational and control mechanisms. It was found that migration relations are regulated by the norms of state law and are migration-legal relations, and the essence of the established migration-legal regime is nothing but the possibility of achieving legal order in the field of public administration on migration. It is the current legal order that is the defining characteristic and goal of complex administrative and legal regimes.

CONCEPTUAL-STRATEGIC APPROACH TO STATE REGULATION OF MIGRATION PROCESSES

A new conceptual and strategic approach to state regulation of migration processes in Ukraine is substantiated. The content of the strategy in the practice of state regulation is determined with an emphasis on a certain sequence of actions. Analyzed the provisions of the Strategy of the state migration policy of Ukraine for the period up to 2025. A retrospective analysis of the strategic regulation of migration in Ukraine was carried out, which confirmed the long process of uncertainty of conceptual principles. A new conceptual approach to the strategic regulation of migration in Ukraine is proposed, which provides for the consideration of the management object of migration as a process. It provides for the allocation of tasks at the stages of capacity building and preparation for migration, relocation, adaptation and integration, re-emigration, integration of migratory capital, assimilation, acculturation, naturalization. The doctrine of strategy development should be socio-economic growth as a defining management principle. The aim of the strategy is the state regulation of migration processes on the basis of security, order and regulation with the establishment of migration as an asset of socio-economic growth. The main provisions of the Strategy of state regulation of migration processes of Ukraine for the period up to 2027 with the distribution of goals and objectives in the following areas: ensuring the positive impact of migration processes on socio-economic development; ensuring sufficient dynamics of socio-economic development to curb migration losses; ensuring sufficient dynamics of socio-economic development through selective immigration. The goals of the Strategy are highlighted: basic – accounting and statistical, protective, institutional and legal, information and infrastructure; stage – with a list of tasks in terms of stages of the migration process.

Migration and Legal Regulation of the Admission of Foreign Scientists to the EU to Conduct Scientific Research at European Mega-Science Facilities

In the context of the reform of migration legislation in Russia, proceeding from the Concept of State Migration Policy of the Russian Federation for 2019-2025 and the Strategy of Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation in 2016, the paper examines the experience of the supranational legal system of the European Union to create a special procedure for the admission of scientists from countries outside the EU, for the purpose of conducting scientific research in EU megascience facilities (experimental reactors, particle colliders, the synchrotrons, etc.).The subject of the study is the provisions of Directive (EU) 2016/801 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 May 2016. "On the Conditions of Entry and Residence of Third-Country Nationals for the Purposes of Research, Studies, Training, Voluntary Service, Pupil Exchange Schemes or Educational Projects and Au Paring" in the part relating to scientists ("Researchers" in the terminology of the Directive).Following the general characteristics (history of adoption, action in time, space and in the circle of persons, conceptual apparatus), the general and special conditions for admission of foreign scientists to the EU, the legal features of "admission agreements" with research organizations of the EU member States and migration documents (residence permits or visas for long-term stay), on the basis of which foreign scientists enter and engage in research activities in the EU, are considered.The final section specifies alternative legal mechanisms for the admission of foreign scientists to the EU — civil law and employment contracts (contracts), including within the framework of the application of EU legislation on the labor migration of highly skilled workers from third countries and the European blue card established by this legislation.

Practices of Social Work with Migrants in Russia: Expert Assessments

Introduction. Regulation of social adaptation of migrants is one of the most important issues of state migration and social policy. One of the problems in the process of adaptation of migrants is the lack of a systematic approach to solving the problems faced by migrants in the host society. Therefore, it is necessary to study social work practices with migrants and their families to identify the most effective ones. The analysis of social work with migrants in state institutions of culture and social protection and in non-profit organizations reveals the situation with social work with migrants in Russia and identifies problems in the process of adaptation and integration of migrants into Russian society.Methodology and sources. Data for the sociological study in the form of expert interviews were collected using a qualitative method for evaluating social work practices with migrants. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in 2018–2019 in St Petersburg, Moscow, and Kazan with employees of professional centers for work with migrants, scientists specializing in the study of migration processes in their various aspects, and organizers of regular events (seminars, conferences) on this topic. The sample (30 experts) was formed by the snowball method. The number of expert interviews allowed us to cover a variety of social work practices both in government structures and in nonprofit organizations.Results and discussion. The results of the study showed that various practices are used in social work with migrants in Russia. A distinctive feature of these practices is the dominant focus on socio-cultural adaptation and integration. The effectiveness of social work practices with migrants and their families can be defined in specific changes: improving awareness and legal literacy of foreign citizens, increasing their legal protection, simplifying access to health and education services, accessibility of assistance in finding housing and employment, the possibility of improving professional skills and knowledge of the language, culture, and history of Russian society.Conclusion. Expert assessments revealed the most effective practices of social work with migrants used in Russia: legal advice, orientation courses, mobile counseling points where migrants can get advice from a social worker, a lawyer, and a doctor, and mobile applications integrated with state and non-state organizations. The results obtained show that the role of non-profit organizations (national cultural organizations for the preservation and development of cultures, the House of Friendship of Peoples) that use social practices to help migrants and their families adapt more effectively to the conditions of the host society is growing.

ILLEGAL MIGRATION THROUGH TRAINING – MODERN CHALLENGES FOR PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

The article states that under the influence of global migration processes and international obligations Ukraine’s migration policy has also changed. Significant development of migration policy began after the country's independence and Ukraine's choice of European integration.The article is devoted to the analysis of risks of implementation of the state migration policy for temporary stay of foreigners and stateless persons. Measures to introduce effective control over compliance with migration legislation within the country aimed at strengthening national security are considered. The issue of the content and main characteristics of the concepts of «state migration policy» and «public administration» in the field of migration is studied. The peculiarities of the status of the State Migration Service of Ukraine as a subject of the state migration policy are determined.Key words: state migration policy, public administration, subject of state migration policy, illegal migration, national safety

CHANGING PRIORITIES OF MIGRATION POLICY OF THE STATE CONSIDERING NATIONAL ECONOMIC SECURITY

With the development of globalization processes and sufficient free movement of labor, and skilled personnel, the problem of legal and illegal migration has gradually become part of public policy for many countries. The aim of the article is to determine the priorities of the state migration policy for legal, illegal migrants and refugees and to form recommendations for the development of clear and transparent rules of the state migration policy taking into account the international legal field and in the context of economic security. An analysis of the main trends in the migration processes was conducted and it was found that over the past 30 years there has been a rapid increase in the number of international migrants and refugees, which puts pressure on the economies of host countries. It has been proven that migration affects the main components of national security, and the impact on the country's economic security is particularly pronounced. As a result, national security requirements must be taken into account when formulating state migration policy. The main components of the state migration policy were identified, the analysis of the main theories and approaches to the migration policy in relation to legal migration was carried out. The main problems of the state policy on illegal migration and refugees have been identified. The state migration policy is analyzed on the example of the EU countries and their overcoming of the migration crisis and the refugee crisis. The state determines the main priorities of migration policy based on national and economic security requirements. There are two main aspects of state migration policy: targeted attraction of immigrants and policy on illegal migration and refugees. There are three main approaches to attracting immigrants - encouraging all types of immigration, creating maximum barriers to immigration, and encouraging specific target groups of immigrants. With regard to illegal immigration, the state can take a tough stance or allow it to replenish the workforce. State policy on refugees is determined by the norms of international law. It has been argued that national migration policies need to be adapted to the current world economy, and that the main priorities include transparency, long-term forecasting of labor market needs, clear criteria for migrant admission and combating illegal migration, which is part of international crime.

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ И РЕАЛИЗАЦИЯ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ МИГРАЦИОННОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ В РОССИИ: ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ

The effectiveness of the development of the socio-economic system of any modern state directly depends on the rationality of the formation and the effectiveness of the implementation of the state migration policy. The purpose of the article is to analyze the trends and problems of the development of migration relations in the Russian Federation, the features of the state migration policy and the development of recommendations for its improvement. The paper analyzes the main elements of the regulatory framework in terms of regulation of the state mig- ration policy in the domestic economy. The study of the dynamics of the migration flow was carried out, and also one-factor correlation-regression analysis was used. The main approaches to the rational implementation of the migration policy of the state in relation to illegal migrants are highlighted. A statistical assessment of the dynamics of the migration flow in the Russian Fede- ration in 2010–2018 has been carried out to the level of crime. It is shown that from the point of view of maximizing the average level of profi- tability of products in the economy of the Russian Federation, the annual flow of migrants of working age should be about 200–250 thousand people. The main problems in the implementation of the state migration policy in the Russian Federation are highlighted, such as insufficient attention to the processes of intraregional migration, the lack of comprehensive programs in this area, the lack of efforts to socialize legal migrants from neighboring countries, the lack of effective measures to overcome the migration of the most qualified personnel. Recommendations were developed for improving the state migration policy in the Russian economy in terms of improving the statistical registration of migrants; implementation of a viable strategy for state management of migration processes; creation of effective mechanisms for the integration of migrants into the system of the host society; paying attention to the processes of internal migration, as well as the development of international cooperation in the field of migration policy.

ТРУДОВЫЕ МИГРАНТЫ В РОССИИ В ПЕРИОД ПАНДЕМИИ КОРОНАВИРУСА

The article is devoted to the study of the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on international labor migration in modern Russia. Based on the use of official statistics and the results of sociological research, the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on the recruitment and use of foreign workers is considered. Current and long-term strategies of labor migrants ' behavior in the domestic labor market are revealed. Special attention is paid to solving problems in the field of regulating labor immigration flows in the context of the way out of the stagnation and overcoming the consequences of coronavirus. The results of the study may be of interest to Russian authorities at the Federal and regional levels in the development and implementation of state migration policy and employment policy in the labor market.

EMIGRATION PROCESSES OF UKRAINE AS A DESTABILIZING FACTOR OF LABOUR POTENTIAL

Purpose. The aim of the article consists in the study of emigration processes as a destabilizing factor of labour potential in the modern transformational economy, substantiates the problems and ways to overcome the consequences of such processes for economic development and preservation of intellectual and labour potential. Methodology of research. In the course of writing the article, the methods generally accepted in economics were used: theoretical and comparative analysis – to reveal the essence and significance of migration processes; analysis and synthesis, system and structural; grouping method – to determine the number of persons, causes and consequences of emigration of the population; graphical method – to visualize the result of determining the amount of population reduction and the number of citizens who have received residence permits in the European Union; abstract and logical for theoretical generalization and formulation of conclusions. Findings. The article examines the causes, consequences of migration processes, identifies the types of migration and the concentration of the largest number of migrants in some European countries. The social and economic characteristics of external labour migrants, directions of labour emigration, the status of stay of Ukrainian citizens abroad are analysed. Originality. The main causes and consequences for the social and economic development of the country of migration processes have been assessed, the situation with the demographic crisis in the country has been studied and the countries where emigrants from Ukraine live the most have been identified. The functional responsibilities of state authorities to control unregulated migration and the consequences of such processes on the development of the country’s economy have been established. The measures of the state migration policy are substantiated. Practical value. The results of the study can be used in the development of social and economic development programs at the regional and local levels, taking into account the peculiarities of accumulation and development of labour potential in the territorial units of Ukraine. Key words: migration; emigrant; potential; relocation; reduction in numbers; population.

MIGRATION POLICY IN MODERN RUSSIA

This review analyzes the most essential features of the state migration policy of modern Russia. The attention is focused on the religious factor, ethnopolitics, regulation of external labor migration; adaptation and integration of Moslem migrants.

MIGRATION INTENTIONS OF SCIENTISTS OF UKRAINE

The article presents analytical materials of the survey, which was aimed at identifying the migration sentiments of Ukrainian scientists, as well as recommendations for mitigating the impact of migration processes on the economy of Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to identify various factors influencing the migration intentions of Ukrainian scientists and to develop practical recommendations for leveling their negative effects. The article contains information on gender, age and professional characteristics of those scientists who intend to leave Ukraine. The key issue of the study is the expectations of Ukrainian scientists about the reality of employment in a foreign research institution or university. The attitude of respondents to migration in terms of their intentions to carry out scientific or educational activities is considered. The study found that some scientists are ready to leave Ukraine even if they carry out activities not related to science or education. In addition, the results of the research showed the scientists' plans to return to Ukraine after the visit for 1) scientific and educational purposes, 2) the purpose of employment in another field, 3) the purpose of permanent residence. The survey found that a significant proportion of respondents found it difficult to answer questions related to migration, indicating their intention to stay in the country. The study also contains information on the impact of mobility for educational or scientific purposes. Thus, the results of the survey indicate the presence of the impact of scientific mobility on the effectiveness of scientists. The analysis of the data allowed to formulate evidence based recommendations for the development of state migration policy, which would be aimed more at attracting talent from abroad. Therefore, research institutions, universities, R&D centers should work intensively in this direction. Moreover, local businesses may also be in demand for such staff. In this regard, it is recommended that universities and research institutions focus on finding such needs and formulate their staffing proposals. In order to increase the efficiency of mobility, free economic zones and research institutions should develop incentives and create conditions for the implementation of foreign experience in their organizations. In addition, the purpose of scientific mobility should be consistent with the development strategy of the institution that sends the scientist abroad for scientific or educational mobility.

Адаптация и интеграция международных мигрантов: теоретико-методологические проблемы

Received 28.05.2020. Adaptation and integration of migrants are the final stages of the migration process, the quality of which largely determines the final result: either serious socio-economic problems will arise that threaten the security of host societies, or migration will contribute to the socio-economic development of host countries. The dependence of migration results on the final stages of migration processes necessitates the implementation of effective adaptation and integration policies by states. In the scientific literature, the terms “adaptation” and “integration” are most often used as synonyms. However, this approach makes it difficult to develop common ideas about the essence of the processes of adaptation and integration of migrants. All this gave rise to theoretical uncertainty regarding these phenomena, led to scientific disagreements that impeded the formation of an effective state policy of adaptation and integration, and complicated the development of scientifically-based programs for solving acute problems in the migration sphere. And as a consequence of this, the problem of a separate theoretical understanding of the above concepts has become actualized. The purpose of the article is to theoretically substantiate the essence and content of the processes of adaptation and integration of migrants, the state policy of adaptation and the state policy of integration, and thereupon to create a scientific methodological base intended for future use in the state migration policy of the Russian Federation and other countries. The authors set the tasks: to analyze theoretical approaches to the study of the phenomena of adaptation and integration of migrants; to formulate the concepts of “adaptation”, “integration”, “state policy of adaptation”, “state policy of integration”; to present the authors’ vision of these phenomena and identify the relationship between them. Acknowledgements. The article has been supported by the “RUDN University Program 5–100”.