Mechanisms Of State Management Research Articles

ПОНЯТТЯ ТА СТРУКТУРА МЕХАНІЗМУ ПУБЛІЧНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ

The existence of a state without state administration is meaningless and simply impossible without the help of which it broadcasts its will. This is a lever with which regulation can be carried out. The State Administration is designed to activate and actualize the use of all available resources, opening new opportunities, creating stimulating conditions, and maintaining a favorable environment for increasing management efficiency and the population's quality of life. At the same time, a specific dependence is indicated between the full realization of the accumulated potential and the quality of public administration. It is manifested in the following: the higher the professional management level, the better the existing potential is used and multiplied. Thus, the realization of one's potential depends on the level of state administration. The regularity of modern management determines this relationship. The state management system forms a management mechanism and with the help of all the main elements of actions of management bodies, target settings, principles, functions, structures, resources, methods, technologies, and management tools. The control mechanism cannot exist without these system components, and at the same time, without the control mechanism, there is no control system. The paper analyzes the interpretation of the term "mechanism of state management" by researchers. It is emphasized that the structure of the mechanism of state administration includes practical measures, means, levers, and incentives, with the help of which state authorities influence society, production, and any social system to achieve the set goals. The main components of the state administration mechanism were studied, and their classification was considered. It emphasizes the distribution of state management mechanisms depending on state management that apply them. The composition of the complex management mechanism is defined, which may include economic, motivational, organizational, political, and legal mechanisms. The author's vision of defining the term "mechanism of state administration" is given.

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The national system of energy saving management in budget sector organizations is presented through the prism of the implementation of targeted directions for increasing the level of energy efficiency by the program-target method, the purpose of which is the concentration of resources of business entities and the construction of a unified energy efficiency management system and the coordination of efforts of both state and regional authorities, local self-government, institutions,etc. An important role is given to the components of the program-target method as a mechanism of state management of a unified system of state and regional authorities and local self-government bodies, institutions, etc., which, in particular, will ensure the coordination of energy components and the formation of an acceptable price for educational services. According to the results of the research, the need for the formation of an energy-efficient policy in each institution of higher education, despite its regional location, based on a comprehensive approach from the standpoint of a single energy space, has been actualized. The author considers the management of energy saving projects of the budget sector organization in relation to their energy security system, i.e. the management system of a budget institution from the standpoint of a single energy space, which provides an effective, reliable and ecologically safe environment, which is minimally affected by internal and external factors of energy saving, and is the guarantor of the quality of services, in particular energy services, provided to the population by public sector facilities. The main factors of energy efficiency of budget sector organizations, the procedure for implementing the energy saving and energy efficiency improvement program, the main factors of managing energy efficient projects in the budget sector, analytical tools for modeling their evaluation system and the stages of developing a scenario of an innovative model of their management are presented. The proposed technologies and tools can be used to build an innovative management model of energy saving projects of budget organizations, in particular, using the pyramid-aggregate modeling method.

Improving the mechanism of State support to light industry enterprises

Subject. The article investigates problems of technological modernization of enterprises and the role of the State in the light industry development. Objectives. The study aims at the critical analysis of State support measures for light industry enterprises. Methods. The study rests on methods of comparative and statistical analysis. Results. The paper demonstrates insufficient effectiveness of methods of State support for light industry enterprises in the current period, notes low efficiency of State property use in the industry, offers a mechanism of State management of light industry enterprise development, based on the theory of technological dynamics. Conclusions. It is necessary to improve the system of public-private partnership in the industry. The use of mechanisms to regulate the development of industrial enterprises, taking into account the fundamental laws of sector-specific technological systems development, will enable to significantly increase the effectiveness of measures of State support for the light industry.

Mechanism of customs regulation of the import of pharmaceutical products

One of the main features of the Russian pharmaceutical market is that imported pharmaceutical products significantly predominate in its structure according to the criterion of origin. The high share of imports of medicines is due to the need to provide the population with high-quality medicines, including vital medicines, analogues of which are not produced in the Russian Federation. In this regard, consideration of issues related to the customs regulation of imports of pharmaceutical products is particularly relevant. The mechanism of state management of the foreign trade sphere covers a variety of instruments that have a direct or indirect impact on current economic processes, the main of which is customs regulation. The priority area of the customs mechanism is the formation of a favorable economic environment for national production. The customs authorities of Russia are directly involved in regulating the import of pharmaceutical products in order to ensure the economic security of Russia, monitoring compliance with relevant prohibitions and restrictions by participants in foreign economic activity. In the course of the conducted research, it was found that the mechanism of customs regulation of the import of pharmaceutical products is crucial in the formation of foreign trade turnover of goods of the studied commodity group.

NEW PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES – SOCIAL AND MEDICAL THREAT FOR THE STATE ASSOCIATED WITH THEM

The article proves that new psychoactive substances represent social and medical threats to the state; the role of state management mechanisms in preserving and strengthening the health of the population is considered; it was expressed about the inconsistency of the state of preventive and social work with the level of the threat of drug addiction in the state; groups of new psychoactive substances and the relevance of their study are considered, which is caused by a sharp increase in withdrawals, severe intoxications (including fatal consequences). The social consequences of the spread of new psychoactive substances are revealed. Emphasis was placed on the fact that the state should pay more attention to ensuring the material base of toxicological laboratories in the country.

Main directions of ensuring national security and mechanisms of public administration under martial law

The task of ensuring national security is currently a key one for Ukraine, as a condition and goal of reforms in all spheres of state and social activity. The content of transformations in this area should be linked to ensuring and comprehensively strengthening Ukraine's sovereignty and preserving its territorial integrity. The current situation in the world is characterized by the presence of “points of tension”, the desire of other states to implement their geopolitical plans and unresolved social problems. In addition, the state is the main institution that creates appropriate conditions for the functioning of each business entity. In Ukraine, there is a need to define the benchmarks of the security system, study international experience and implement it in the process of improving national security legislation. The article examines and analyzes the theoretical foundations of the state management of national security development, reveals the essence of such concepts as “national security”, “economic security”; identifies the components of national and economic security of Ukraine; mechanisms of state management of economic security; characterizes three main types of security threats, namely: external and internal; real and potential; global, regional and local; identifies threats affecting economic security; develops recommendations for improving the effectiveness of the state management of economic security.

Modern mechanisms of state management of sustainable development

Aim. To analyze contemporary mechanisms of public governance of sustainable development (SD) with a focus on the energy transition and climate agenda.Objectives. To focus on strategies and practices adopted in China and Russia, comparing their approaches to achieving SD goals; to examine international experience, analyze investments in renewable energy sources (RES) and decarbonization; to review adopted regulations and management strategies in these areas; to study national and international strategies, legislation and practices aimed at increasing the share of RES and reducing carbon dioxide emissions; to assess the effectiveness of measures taken to manage SD (with special attention to the eMethods. This article is based on the analysis of data from reports of international organizations, statistical data of governmental bodies, as well as on the review of national strategies and legislation. Mechanisms and results of RES management, climate policy and decarbonization in different countries are compared.Results. Despite differences in approaches and strategic priorities, both Russia and China are making significant efforts to accelerate the transition to sustainable energy systems and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, China demonstrates a more active and ambitious RE policy and climate initiatives, while Russia is at an early stage of this process.Conclusions. The importance of global and regional cooperation in sharing experiences and technologies to achieve SD goals is emphasized. Both Russia and China demonstrate a growing understanding of the need to regulate SD, but their approaches and strategies differ depending on internal and external factors.

Sustainable Financing for Transport Infrastructure: An Integral Approach for the Russian Federation

The development of global transport infrastructure is a crucial aspect of economic growth and prosperity. In this study, the main trends in the development of global transport infrastructure are analyzed, with a focus on the state and trends in the functioning of the national transport infrastructure of the Russian Federation. By identifying key problems and determinants of financial growth, a preliminary decomposition is made to guide future development. Proceeding from the fact that the innovative development of Russia’s transport infrastructure should occur through state stimulation of the development of intellectual and partnership relationships and the formation of a digital environment for managing projects for its innovative transformation at the state level, this study identifies the goals, methods, and levels of ensuring the implementation of innovative transformations in transport infrastructure. Consideration of the historical aspects of the formation of the modern economy and comprehension of the mechanisms of state management and tools to ensure innovative transformations in the sphere of transport allowed us to identify three stages (dogmatic, strategic regulation, and innovative integration) of transformation regarding the theory of the state management for the innovative development of transport infrastructure in Russia. Taking into account the content of these periods of transformation allowed us to detail the specifics of the modern stage; highlight the shortcomings; and propose theoretical and methodological foundations for revising the provisions of the state regulation of innovative development in transport infrastructure. To determine the effectiveness of the processes of the state regulation of innovation activity in the transport industry, we propose a model for assessing the effectiveness of innovation activity in the transport complex, which is presented in the form of a three-level parametric system, where the first group of indicators allows us to assess the innovation activity of economic entities in the transport industry; the second allows us to assess innovation potential; and the third allows us to assess the effectiveness of innovation. The novelty of the proposed model is the consideration of the principles of dynamism, perspective, and expediency, and its application allows us to establish the level of innovative development in transport infrastructure. An important factor in ensuring the sustainable development of a country’s economy and forming its positive image in the world is its financial attractiveness. Therefore, the assessment of financial attractiveness is a priority task for the development of modern sustainable transport infrastructure in Russia.

Legal regulation of labor relations in the field of labor protection supervision and control

In the field of labor law, the legal regulation of labor relations in the field of labor protection is investigated, the corresponding measures of supervision and control are characterized, which, in addition to measures for violations of the requirements of labor protection legislation, provide for measures for their prevention and prevention. It is emphasized that state management of labor protection is carried out by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, the central body of executive power that implements state policy in the field of labor protection, ministries and other central bodies of executive power, the Council of Ministers of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, local state administrations and local self-government bodies. It is noted that the powers in the field of labor protection of associations, corporations, concerns and other associations are determined by their charters or agreements between the enterprises that formed the association. In order to perform the functions delegated by the association, labor protection services are created in their apparatuses. The theoretical provisions are substantiated and practical recommendations are developed for improving the legal regulation of labor relations in the field of labor protection based on analysis methods and a systemic approach to generalization for evaluating the effectiveness of state management mechanisms in the field of labor protection. In addition, general scientific and empirical methods and tools of the science of labor law, methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison, summary and grouping were used. It was concluded that legal regulation in the field of occupational health and safety is a multilevel and complex functional mechanism, which at all levels of executive power controls and coordinates compliance with occupational health and safety at enterprises, institutions, and organizations regardless of their ownership, types of activity, and branch affiliation. It is emphasized that the existing system of state supervision and control over labor protection in Ukraine needs to be improved and brought into compliance with European standards.

Mechanisms of State Management of Personnel Development of the Health Care System

Mechanisms of State Management of Personnel Development of the Health Care System

Фінансові результати діяльності сільськогосподарських підприємств в довоєнний і воєнний період

The financial results of business entities are an important indicator of the state of the industry, based on which operational and systemic decisions are made regarding the determination of development priorities, regulatory and legal regulation, budget financing, taxation and other state management mechanisms. Timely identification of existing trends and possible risks and a comprehensive assessment of the influence vectors and dependencies of all economic activity components, especially in martial law conditions, allows for more balanced and effective decisions capable of ensuring stable long-term development. The article aims to identify the latest trends in the formation of financial results of agricultural enterprises and assess the prospects of their growth in the conditions of war and post-war reconstruction. The article examines a set of indicators characterizing the financial results of agricultural enterprises over the past decade. The main trends regarding the dynamics and volumes of critical financial indicators of enterprises, including the individual branches of agricultural products, have been clarified. The main factors influencing the financial results of enterprises, changes in the structure of their financial assets and liabilities, and individual indicators of financial stability and solvency are determined. The study results show that in the pre-war period, agricultural enterprises' financial results steadily improved, reaching their historical maximum in 2021. Such a trend indicated the real prerequisites for further qualitative growth of the agricultural industry. In martial law conditions, most of the positive trends slowed down significantly. At the same time, the preservation of the financial potential of agricultural enterprises and the prospects for their growth depend, first of all, on the duration of the war and the possibilities of state support.

Mechanisms of State Management of the Development of Digital Technologies in the National Security System

The relevance of the topic is due to the need to research the scientific aspects of reconciling the contradictions between the growing importance of the development of digital technologies and the formation of an information society, between the level of development of the information security of society and the readiness of state authorities to respond to strategic and tactical threats. The purpose of the article is to develop conceptual provisions for the formation of the mechanism of state management of the development of digital technologies in the country's national security system. To achieve the goal, general scientific methods of learning phenomena and processes were used: induction and deduction, system analysis and generalization, structuring, abstraction, formalization and graphic. It has been proven that the implementation of digital technologies in the process of state administration is an important element of the national security system. It is substantiated that the mechanism of state management of the development of digital technologies is a set of organizational, economic and legal measures, the interaction of which ensures the implementation of digital technologies in the national security system and the functioning of the structures that provide it, as well as the vital activities of society.

Mechanism of State Management of Sustainable Development of Regions

The modern organizational restructuring of state power in Ukraine creates corresponding challenges for the country itself, its regions, business and individual citizens. This especially applies to the issue of efficiency and their permanent interaction in the context of ensuring sustainable development. Under such conditions, increasing the effectiveness of the existing state management mechanisms is relevant for the sustainable development of regions in Ukraine for several reasons. Firstly, the presence of martial law in Ukraine imposes additional challenges and demands on public administration. Also, developed digital technologies for providing administrative services have great potential for improving the accessibility and quality of services for citizens and businesses. Digitalization can significantly simplify and speed up the processes of providing administrative services, reduce bureaucratic barriers and improve interaction between authorities and citizens. The article examines the peculiarities of functioning and the main directions of application of the regional state management mechanism in the context of sustainable development. This is taking into account the modern view of its components and ensuring efficiency. The components of the mechanism of state management of sustainable development of regions (functional components, tools and principles) and the peculiarities of their interrelationship are substantiated. The selected principles can serve as a basis for effective state management of the sustainable development of regions and contribute to achieving a balance between economic, social and environmental development. A theoretical generalization of the features of the implementation of state management tools for the sustainable development of regions in Ukraine has been carried out. The specifics of urban and rural areas and their inclusiveness were taken into account. In the modern approach to the construction and implementation of the mechanism of state management of the sustainable development of regions in Ukraine under martial law, the following should be taken into account: adaptability to unforeseen situations, ensuring security and stability, involvement of the local community.

"Brain Drain": dynamics and state management mechanisms of countermeasures in the conditions of European integration of Ukraine

Study of the peculiarities of the "brain drain" in the conditions of a full-scale war between Russia and Ukraine, as well as consideration and formation of management decisions regarding potential re-emigration policy, especially in the context of the academic community (teachers and scientists). The key methodological basis was the interdisciplinary approach, which made it possible to apply the work of both political scientists and state managers, as well as economists, sociologists, and psychologists, to the given problem. Dialectical and comparative methods were also important, which made it possible to reveal the contradictions and specifics of the implementation of the state policy of preventing "brain drain" and "brain gain". The authors considered data from sociological surveys, as well as statistical data published by the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, which made it possible to identify a kind of regularity – in both cases, approximately 10% of scientists/teachers were outside the borders of our country. Considering the project of the state policy of "brain growth" (more precisely, re-emigration), it was established that recommendations in this context should be formulated not only for the donor country itself but also for migrants, the recipient country, and international organizations. Using the work of not only specialists in public management and administration but also related humanities – sociology, psychology, and philosophy, makes it possible to reveal the problem of "brain drain" in our country in a multilevel and comprehensive way, thereby seeing in this problem not only a purely sociopolitical aspect but also personal and existential. Management challenges related to this issue are not only in the formation of re-emigration policy but also in preventing (or at least minimizing) academic migration in the future, which should be based on such key points as social partnership and tolerance.

Features of state management and regulation in the sphere of energy in the Republic of Kazakhstan: prospects and risks

At present, the stable development and growth of the country's economy directly depend on the quality of energy supply and the development of the energy sector. Today, the population and industry are completely dependent on energy supply. Insufficient attention from the authorities to the development of the energy sector may hold back the growth of other sectors. It is known that the demand for electricity in the future will increase due to the country's economic development. In order to further increase the efficiency of the energy sector, the government has taken a number of reforms to restructure the energy sector. However, these steps to improve the sphere have not produced results. In the future, the government should consider a number of issues to attract investment in the energy sector, including pricing, legal issues, and reforms of energy enterprises. The aim of the article is to analyze the state regulation in the energy sector, that is, the sustainable development of the industry taking into account the interests of consumers and the state at all levels. Energy sector regulation has strategic importance for the state in terms of ensuring energy security, improving the competitiveness of the economy, and promoting sustainable development. So far, the methods and management system created by the state have shown poor efficiency. In this regard, the article comprehensively studies and analyzes in detail the mechanisms of state management and regulation in the energy supply system of the country. In addition, the paper examines the elements of state management and the evolution of the energy supply system in the country, and compares the systems of state management of the energy industry in the USA, Norway, the UK, China and the Russian Federation. In the article with the help of SWOT and scientific analysis the risks in the management of the energy sector of the country are considered.

IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE OF LEGAL REGULATION AND STATE MANAGEMENT OF ENSURING THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE STATE IN UKRAINE

In modern conditions, the problem of implementing the international experience of public administration and legal regulation to ensure the economic security of the state is extremely acute, since in many spheres of social life we use the experience of the countries of the world without taking into account the peculiarities of the implementing country. The purpose of the article is to provide recommendations for Implementation of international experience of legal regulation and state management of ensuring the economic security of the state in Ukraine. The basis of the research methodology is the study of legal acts of the countries of the European Union, the United States of America, Japan, China and others in the context of ensuring economic security. The main methods that were used are the method of analysis and synthesis, comparative analysis, generalization and visualization. The main systems and models of national security of the countries of the world were systematized. Studying the international experience of public administration in ensuring the economic security of the state made it possible to single out their common (all the studied countries take care to minimize risks in important areas of public life) and distinctive (not all states have separate legal acts regulating the process of public administration in the sphere economic security) features, to analyze the peculiarities of the state management mechanism for ensuring the economic security of America, Europe and Asia. The main threats that negatively affect the economic security of Ukraine were systematized. The main areas of ensuring economic security have been systematized in accordance with the adopted "National Security Strategy of Ukraine" and the results of the analysis of the legislation of the leading countries of the world. The obtained research results should be used to improve the state management mechanism for ensuring economic security in Ukraine.

Research on Real-Time Anomaly Detection Method of Bus Trajectory Based on Flink

Bus transportation system has become the primary mode of traffic for urban residents. Every day, thousands of buses provide services for millions of passengers. Efficiently monitoring bus trajectories is essential for evaluating service quality and ensuring public safety. In this study, we propose a Flink-based solution to detect anomalies for bus trajectories in real time. Specifically, it can identify two types of anomalies. The first type is when a bus deviates from its designated route during a trip. The second type is when a bus arrives at a scheduled stop along its route but fails to stop. This solution employs CEP (Complex Event Processing) to determine bus arrival events and control the detection process. In this process, it utilizes the state management mechanism to save and update a bus’s actual trajectory, which is derived from the raw GPS trajectory and maintained as a stop sequence. Subsequently, it uses LCSS (Longest Common Subsequence) to measure the trajectory similarity between the actual bus trajectory and the scheduled route. We validate the solution using a large-scale real dataset in a Flink cluster with six virtual machines. The experimental results show that (1) each core can handle anomaly detection on 12.5 buses simultaneously and (2) the detection accuracies of the two anomalies are 90.5% and 89.3%, respectively.

The role of access to information in ensuring human rights

"This article provides a brief analysis of legislation on the role of obtaining information in ensuring human rights. The constitutional right to information is one of the basic rights of a person, and at the same time, it works as an external expression of freedom of opinion and freedom of speech, as well as their guarantee. The right to receive information, naturally, based on the characteristics of the information society, occupies a leading position in the state management mechanism. This is a special guarantee of the implementation of the principles of democracy, people's sovereignty, and citizens' participation in political life "

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC SECURITY

The article examines the conceptual principles of strategic management of environmental and economic security in the context of the national economy. It has been substantiated that the application of strategic management will allow to analyze and determine the trend of changes in the parameters of exogenous and endogenous influence on the state of ecological and economic security, innovativeness and relevance of measures of state influence. The purpose of the article is to form the conceptual foundations of the system of strategic state management of environmental and economic security. It has been determined that the strategic state management of ecological and economic security is an expression of a systemic approach to substantiating the principles and methods of ensuring the interaction of the elements of the management system, It should be defined as a set of management decisions aimed at ensuring the prospects for the implementation of organizational and economic mechanisms of state management. It has been noted that measures of strategic management of environmental and economic security are characterized by a clear sequence of implementation stages and a structured content of each stage, while the process of strategic management of security requires the formation of an appropriate management structure. The main tasks of the system of strategic management of ecological and economic security, functions and sequence of implementation of the specified process has been defined. The condition for the implementation of the strategic management is its integration into the complex mechanism of national security management, the action of which will contribute to the improvement of relations between all branches of state and regional administration. The key characteristics of strategic management of environmental and economic security in the context of a systemic approach are has been proposed such as integrity, complexity, synergy, functionality, heterogeneity, emergentity.

Імперативи розвитку цифрової освіти держслужбовців у контексті забезпечення ефективності моніторингу економічного механізму державного управління продовольчою безпекою

The article examines the imperatives of the development of digital education of civil servants in the context of ensuring the effectiveness of monitoring the economic mechanism of state management of food security. It has been proven that the use of digital tools and technologies, necessary for the effective implementation of monitoring in the field of food safety, requires digital competencies of civil servants. The growth of the need for advanced training in these areas and the positive connection of digital competences with the quality of education of civil servants have been revealed. The foreign experience of the development of digital education of civil servants in the field of food safety is analyzed. The key imperatives for the development of digital education were determined and the effects of the application of digital competences in the practical activities of civil servants in the field of food safety were characterized. The problems blocking the development of digital education in Ukraine have been studied. Measures to ensure the development of digital education of civil servants are proposed and the role of private education in the development of digital education is determined. The proposed algorithms will contribute to the effective interaction of state administration bodies and educational institutions to ensure the development of digital education of civil servants in the context of ensuring the effectiveness of monitoring the economic mechanism of state management of food security.