State Language Research Articles

Development of NUS key competencies through game activities in primary school

Game activity as one of the effective teaching methods plays an important role in the formation of key competencies of primary school students. The article identifies and systematizes the peculiarities of the development of key competencies of primary school students through the use of game activities in physical education lessons. The competence-based approach to the implementation of the key reform of schooling «New Ukrainian School» through the formation of key competencies is indicated: communication in the state language; communication in foreign languages; mathematical competence; basic competencies in natural sciences and technologies; information and digital competence; lifelong learning skills; initiative and entrepreneurship; social and civic competence; cultural awareness and expression; environmental literacy and healthy lifestyle. Different approaches to the formation of key competencies of junior schoolchildren in physical education lessons through game activities are revealed. The game competence is characterized as the ability of a child to understand, create and participate in various games, which includes physical activity, joint interaction with peers, development of strategic and tactical thinking during the game, as well as the ability to follow the rules of the game and sports ethics. Further elaboration of the problem of developing students' key competencies through game activities is emphasized.

До питання мовної політики та мовного планування на Закарпатті в період першої Чехословацької Республіки

Issues of language policy and language planning in Transcarpathia during the first Czechoslovak Republic The concepts of state language, official language, and minority language do not have a generally accepted definition in international law. In Central and Eastern Europe, the state language is usually the language of the majority of the population of a particular country, in which it also serves as the official language. In interwar Czechoslovakia, the 1920 Language Law allowed the use of the language of the Slavic population, which constituted the absolute majority in the territory of Transcarpathia, as the official language in administration, office work, culture and education, granting the region's Slavs a greater degree of political, cultural and linguistic autonomy than they had ever enjoyed. But this linguistic freedom also brought practical problems to the surface. First of all, during this period there were three standard versions of the language adopted as the official language of the region. This article analyses the attitudes of the state and local intellectuals towards these language variants. Keywords: language policy, language planning, official language, language variants, Transcarpathia, the period between the two world wars

Austrian Language Policy on the rights to mother tongue education

Austrian Language Policy on the rights to mother tongue education The study focuses on Austria’s key language policies and legislations that have an impact on German as a state language as well as minority languages. The Federal Constitution of Austria contains the most important regulations protecting German and minority languages. The first three articles of Austria's Constitution are critical legislations for the protection of state and minority languages. The Austrian Federal Constitution requires ethnic communities to be protected and preserved. The study then goes on to explore the primary organisations and administrations responsible for the evolution of today's Austrian language policy. The system in Austria for safeguarding and promoting minority languages is typically well-developed. Austria has been an active participant in European programmes aimed at the protection of minorities. Ratification of the European Charter for Regional and Minority Languages is a critical step towards the European Union's integration. Austria signed and ratified the Charter in 1992 and 2001, respectively. Slovenians, Croats, Hungarians, Czechs, Slovaks, and Roma are the six indigenous ethnic minorities recognized in Austria. Austria issued its fifth evaluation report in 2023. This report was reviewed by the researcher using critical discursive analysis. Based on the facts gathered, Austria is a country that should be emulated in terms of minority safeguarding and protection; nonetheless, changes are needed in several areas. Keywords: language policy, language policy in education, minorities, minority rights, minority rights in Austria, Austrian language policy

A kárpátaljai felsőoktatási intézmények hallgatóinak nyelvhasználati sajátosságai és nyelvi attitűdjei két felmérés részeredményei alapján

The characteristics of language usage and attitudes of students of higher education institutions in Transcarpathia based on the partial results of two surveys A positive attitude towards the mother tongue and the language variety is essential for confident language use. The way we perceive the language of the community where we live, or of other communities, is largely influenced by our knowledge and experience of the language, by the opinions of others, and of course by stereotypes. Education can do the most to overcome these, to develop an objective, confident linguistic awareness and self-awareness, by conveying a scientifically based approach at all levels. In our study, we analyse the partial results of two empirical researches conducted among the students of the Ferenc Rákóczi II Transcarpathian Hungarian College in recent years, which investigate the state language effect in the register of Transcarpathian Hungarian higher education, the interchange of words related to the topic of education and their relationship to the local language variety. The results of our research have shown that, despite the dominance of Hungarian, the language use of students in Transcarpathian Hungarian higher education is characterised by the presence of Ukrainian and Russian language influences, and that most of these are consciously present in their language use. The Ferenc Rákóczi II Transcarpathian Hungarian College considers it important to develop this positive attitude not only in its Hungarian studies, but also in all its training programmes. The presented results show that the group under study has a balancing-functional-segregating attitude towards different languages and language varieties: they are not closed to this variety, they are aware of its functions and importance. They are not excluded from the lower-prestige variety because of previous unpleasant experiences: they express a scientifically well-founded opinion in the survey. Although emotional attachment is also strongly expressed. But we also know that in minority contexts this can play a significant language-preserving role. Keywords: Transcarpathia, college students, loanwords, state language effect, language attitude

A nyelvtudás változása a Kárpát-medencei magyar fiatalok körében az ezredfordulótól napjainkig

Changes in the language knowledge of the Hungarian youth in the Carpathian Basin from the turn of the millennium to the present The study analyzes three large-sample youth survey databases on the language skills of young Hungarians (aged 15–29) in the Carpathian Basin, and especially on their changes. Based on the answers of about 28 000 respondents, I am looking for answers to three main research questions: what is the proportion of Hungarian young people who speak only their mother tongue, what is their level of proficiency in the official language of the country in which they live, and at what level, which foreign languages have they acquired? In terms of the results, one in five young people in Hungary will still not speak a language other than their mother tongue in 2020, while in Transcarpathia the proportion is 12% and in the other regions of the former Yugoslavia it is below 5%. Over the years, there has been a significant positive change in favor of multilingualism. It has also been found that the majority of young people from abroad speak the national language of the country where they live better than the basic level. Transylvania and Slovakia are the countries where they speak the language the best, followed by Vojvodina, and then Transcarpathia. The majority of young people in Hungary know one or two foreign languages, while among young people from abroad, knowledge of three foreign languages is average, but knowledge of four or more is not uncommon. Most young people speak English, a language that has seen an expansion in the past twenty years. Keywords: Hungarian youth, youth research, zero language knowledge, multilingualism, foreign language knowledge, state language knowledge

Államnyelvi hatások vizsgálata az ukrán osztályban tanuló magyar anyanyelvű diákok nyelvhasználatában

Investigating the influence of the state language on the language usage of pupils whose native language is Hungarian in the classrooms with the Ukrainian language of instruction The Hungarians living in Transcarpathia are a minority community, so it becomes important for those who live in this community to be able to use their mother tongue, and thus strengthen their national identity. Children who use both languages simultaneously in their communication are more likely to use loanwords, code-switching, and code-mixing. Pupils who do not study in their mother tongue are more likely to use a non-standard version of Hungarian than those who have obtained their school-leaving certificate in the secondary schools with the Hungarian language of instruction. The aim of the research is to investigate the characteristics of pupils’ language usage resulting from the influence of the official language in the classrooms with the Ukrainian language of instruction. Furthermore, the extent to which the usage of Ukrainian and Russian languages influences the students’ language usage, and the frequency of Slavisms and code-switching in their language. The survey showed that a higher proportion of schoolchildren use Slavic loanwords, than those who study in their mother tongue. Keywords: effect of bilingualism, second language’ loanwords, code-switching habits, learning in the language of the majority, pupils whose mother tongue is Hungarian, questionnaire survey.

ӘБІШ КЕКІЛБАЕВТЫҢ ТІЛ ТУРАЛЫ ТОЛҒАМДАРЫ

Annotation. The literary and creative heritage of the outstanding statesman and public figure, people's writer of Kazakhstan Abish Kekilbayev covers a wide range of topics. Along with literary and artistic works of various genres, the writer also contributed with journalistic, educational and research works for the spiritual development of our people. His reflections on history and language, traditions, culture and outstanding personalities are reflected in many of his articles and speeches. He was a direct witness of our country's independence, participated in the formation of its legislative framework, and also made a great contribution to writing. Actively participated in the acquisition of the Kazakh language status of the state language, wrote many articles about the problems of its development. Studying the prehistory of the development of society and language, offering lessons from the history of the struggle for the fate of the native language of the peoples freed from citizenship, he expressed valuable thoughts in the direction of expanding the scope of the Kazakh language, education in the native language. In numerous speeches of the writer during the independence of the country, in interviews and articles like "Careful use of the native language and perfection of future generations is a matter of honor", "Our language is the main asset", "Thinking about language means thinking about everything", "The core of national spirituality is language", etc. he it tightens the problems of the native language. The writer's work, which deeply touches on the problem of independence and language, is a historical and cognitive study "Language and independence". It was published in the form of an essay article in several issues of the newspaper "Egemen Kazakhstan" in 2006 and was included in the book of the same name published in 2007 by the publishing house "Er-Daulet" in Astana. It was a work written in a very timely manner and seriously related to a complex language issue in society, expressing valuable thoughts, revealing the significance of the problem of the state language. This work, written after an interview with the then head of state on language, reveals the essence of the principle "The future of Kazakhstan is in the Kazakh language" and reveals the importance of language in the life of society, its place in building a national state and consolidating society. In the light of such concepts as the community of people, society, the state, coloniality and citizenship, freedom and independence, prove by various facts the importance of language development for independence. The article is devoted to the disclosure of the meaning of this work. Keywords: language, society, history, independence, colonial policy, citizenship, civilization, sustainable development.

The Effectiveness of Using Mnemonic Methods in Teaching the Kazakh Language

The problem of teaching the Kazakh language in our country is one of the most urgent. This direction currently requires optimization, systematization of this area, updating the methodology, increasing the number of experienced specialists and high-quality training content. Of course, it cannot be said that there is neither development nor change. There is development, and change, and result, but slower, with less result. The specialists who teach the Kazakh language also hone their experience and prepare educational content. It is known that this process is being carried out in the republic, starting from kindergartens and ending with schools, colleges, universities, language learning centers and private centers that teach the Kazakh language daily. Every citizen who teaches and studies the Kazakh language directly contributes to the expansion of the scope of the state language, improving the status of our language. Now it is very important that the methodology and training content that ensure the quality of these processes are constantly improved and updated in accordance with the rapid changes of time. To do this, every specialist of the Kazakh language should constantly look for scientific and methodological orientation, be able not only to master new technologies, but also to use them rationally in the classroom. In language teaching, it is very important that the teacher achieve a true result, i.e. be able to formulate the skills and abilities of the audience to speak Kazakh, write, read, listen and understand. The proposed article discusses various ways to achieve results in teaching the Kazakh language. The authors gave a scientific and theoretical description of mnemonic techniques that allow you to correctly memorize lexical and grammatical material, and suggested ways to use it effectively in language lessons. It is noted that the frequent use of these methods as an innovative technique in linguistics lessons makes it possible to improve the methodology and hone language experience.

ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ МОВИ ПІД ЧАС ВИБОРІВ В УКРАЇНІ: ПРОБЛЕМИ ДОСТАТНОСТІ

The article is devoted to the issues of ensuring the functioning of the state language during the elections in Ukraine. A detailed analysis of the constitutional and legal support for the functioning of the state language during the elections in Ukraine is carried out, examples of the legal positions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine and the European Court of Human Rights on this issue are given. Attention is drawn to the language qualification established by the Constitution of Ukraine for candidates for the post of President of Ukraine and the absence of such a qualification (both at the level of the Constitution and at the level of the electoral law) for candidates for people's deputies of Ukraine, deputies of local councils and village, town and city heads. The annual reports of the Commissioner for the Protection of the State Language on the use of the latter in the elections of 2020 and 2021 are also analyzed. Proposals are developed to improve the regulation of the functioning of the state language during the elections in Ukraine through appropriate constitutional and legislative changes, as well as regulatory and institutional strengthening of the activities of the Commissioner for the Protection of the State Language. Keywords: state language, elections, election commissions, candidates, Commissioner for Protection of State Language.

Emotion Granularity, Regulation, and Their Implications in Health: Broadening the Scope from a Cultural and Developmental Perspective

The ability to represent emotional experiences in a precise fashion with language, termed emotional granularity, is related to a number of beneficial outcomes. However, the emotion granularity construct and operationalization are rooted in the lens of so-called Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich and Democratic (WEIRD) societies that focus on emotions as a mental-state phenomena. Using evidence from multiple non-WEIRD societies, we illustrate that people's everyday vernacular often emphasizes bodily over, or in addition to, mental states. This suggests that granularity focused only on mental state language may limit our ability to operationalize this construct in a culturally valid manner. To overcome this limitation, we propose capturing “experiential” granularity and a concept model on how it may link to regulation and health.

Maintenance of National Values, the Role of Indonesian Language as Nationalism

Understanding the position and function of Indonesia can be the basis for fostering a spirit of nationalism among young people and students. In this case, Indonesian has two positions, namely as a national language and a state language. In its position as a national language, the language functions as a symbol of national pride, national identity, a means of communication between citizens, between regions and between cultures, and a means of unifying ethnicity, culture and language in the archipelago. Meanwhile, in its position as a state language, Indonesian functions as an official state language, a language of education, a means of communication at the national level and a tool for developing culture, science and technology. Remembering the importance of the position and function of the Indonesian language, the author invites young people and students to maintain and continue to develop so that the Indonesian language continues to survive and develop in the future

Differences in Absolute Neutrophil Count Eligibility Criteria of Pediatric Phase I and Phase I/II Oncology Clinical Trials According to Sponsorship

Introduction: Racial clinical trial enrollment disparities in oncology are well documented ( Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2020 10.1002/pbc.28296). Barriers to enrollment are multifactorial and include structural and clinical barriers like restrictive eligibility criteria ( Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book. 2016 10.1200/EDBK_156686). Many phase I/II oncology clinical trials have laboratory criteria such as a minimum threshold for absolute neutrophil count (ANC). The Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) defines an ANC of less than 1500 cells/µL as the upper limit of a grade 2 toxicity ( J Clin Oncol. 2010 10.1200/JCO.2009.24.3881), and this has become the minimum eligibility threshold in many oncology trials ( J Clin Oncol. 2017 10.1200/JCO.2017.73.4186). Using a minimum ANC of 1500 cells/µL may contribute to further racial enrollment disparities due to the Duffy null phenotype, which has a prevalence of ~65% in Black/African American individuals ( PLoS Genet. 2011 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002108) and results in a lower number of circulating neutrophils compared to people without the Duffy null phenotype ( Blood. 2021 10.1182/blood.2020008600). Up to 23% of pediatric patients with the Duffy null phenotype have ANCs <1500 cells/µL ( Blood Adv. 2023 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022007680). A recent adult multiple myeloma study found that the most common reason for ineligibility among Black patients was failure to meet hematologic laboratory criteria ( Blood. 2023 10.1182/blood.2022018657). Less is known about eligibility criteria as a barrier to enrollment in the pediatric cancer population. We hypothesized industry-sponsored trials would have more restrictive eligibility criteria than non-industry-sponsored trials. To explore this further we describe ANC eligibility criteria of pediatric oncology phase I/II clinical trials according to sponsorship. Methods: We analyzed ANC eligibility criteria of interventional phase I and phase I/II oncology trials opened in the United States from January 2010 to May 2023 using the ClinicalTrials.gov registry. Trials that included pediatric participants only (up to age 18), pediatric and adolescent young adult participants (up to age 39), and adult studies that allowed pediatric participants were included. We excluded trials for non-malignant conditions and trials that did not report ANC eligibility criteria. ANC eligibility criteria were categorized as ≥1500 cells/µL and <1500 cells/µL. Trials were compared according to primary sponsorship (industry vs non-industry). Secondary objective was to describe language requirements explicitly mentioned for these trials. Distribution of trial characteristics were compared using Fisher's exact or Chi-squared tests. Logistic regression was used to evaluate potential changes in ANC criteria over time (in years), using ANC<1500 cells/µL as the reference group. Results: We identified 861 interventional trials that met our initial inclusion criteria. After review of the trials, 36 were excluded for enrolling participants with non-malignant diagnoses. Of the remaining 825 studies, 438 (53%) had ANC eligibility criteria reported. 89 (20%) studies were industry-sponsored (Table 1). Trial phase, age eligibility, diagnosis, and results reported differed statistically significantly by sponsor type. 76 (17%) studies required ANC ≥1500 cells/µL for enrollment. For industry sponsored trials, 26 (29%) required ANC ≥1500, while 50 (14%) non-industry sponsored trials required ANC ≥1500, with a risk ratio of 2.04 (95% CI 1.35-3.08, p=0.002) (Figure 1). Almost all studies (96%) did not explicitly state language requirements, and this did not vary by sponsor type. There was no significant change in odds of a trial requiring ANC ≥1500 cells/µL over time (odds ratio 1.05, 95% CI 0.98-1.12, p=0.138). Conclusion: A minority of trials (17%) required an ANC ≥1500 cells/µL for enrollment on a phase I or phase I/II interventional clinical oncology trial; however, industry-sponsored trials were twice as likely than non-industry trials to require this higher ANC threshold. Further studies are needed to investigate laboratory criteria as a possible reason for racial enrollment disparities in pediatric cancer trials.

State сontrol over Soviet Society in the 1920s – 1930s: historiographical review

The article presents a general overview of historiography regarding state control over Soviet society in the interwar period. For this purpose, it was chosen to consider three elements that were at the basis of the formation of the “new Soviet world,” which the Bolsheviks claimed. The article presents key works devoted to everyday life in the USSR and the history of workers. Research on creating the image of a “new man” and the education of Soviet citizens is also outlined. In addition, the research on the “new language” of variously specialized scientists is characterized since this problem is in the research fi eld of philologists, historians, and scientists of other specialties. After all, creating a new style of talking about the country, society, and oneself was accompanied by both the state language policy and the “language games” of the citizens themselves, who were searching for strategies for correct behavior. The article examines the contextual works of Western researchers on these issues. At the same time, emphasis is placed on the works of Ukrainian researchers about state control over Soviet society.

Foreign experience, and domestic practice of legal regulation of special principles of administrative procedure

The article is devoted to the analysis of special principles of administrative procedure. The author has studied the administrative procedure legislation of Germany, Kyrgyzstan, Azerbaijan, Croatia, Switzerland, Lithuania, and Austria. The authors compare the legislative provisions on special principles of administrative procedure of these countries with the legislation of Ukraine with the Law of Ukraine «On Administrative Procedure» which is coming into force.
 It is noted that administrative procedure is not homogeneous and standard, but rather has many features and variations depending on: (a) a specific area of public administration, (b) goals, objectives, and functions of executive authorities, and (c) national traditions and international standards. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a comparative legal analysis of the special principles of administrative procedure that determine the specifics of their legal regulation in different national legal systems.
 The authors identify a system of four «layers» of principles applicable to administrative procedure. Among them, the author distinguishes the following: (1) general legal principles; (2) principles of administrative law; (3) principles of administrative process as a procedure for exercising power by public administration bodies in the appropriate procedural form based on the world and European principles of good governance and administration; (4) principles of administrative procedure.
 The main attention is paid to the special principles of administrative procedure which relate to the administrative procedure itself. Among them, it is proposed to distinguish two groups: (a) organisational and (b) functional axiological. The author substantiates that the organisational principles include the principle of economy, investigative principle, the principle of the State language, impartiality, publicity, and coordination. As functional axiological principles, the author identifies the following: the principle of prohibition of abuse of law and prohibition of over­formalism, the principle of uniform application of law, presumption of reliability, the principle of interpretation of law in favour of interested non-governmental persons, and the principle of meaningful absorption. Each of the principles is given a significance and its place in the legislation of Ukraine and other countries.
 The authors concludes that further syste­matisation and consolidation of these principles, in turn, is an additional argument in favour of the Law of Ukraine «On Administrative Procedure» which is currently coming into force and its possible further modifications.

СОЗДАНИЕ И СОСТАВЛЕНИЕ УЧЕБНИКОВ, УЧЕБНЫХ ПОСОБИЙ, ПРОГРАММ, ИСПОЛЬЗУЕМЫХ ПРИ ОБУЧЕНИИ КЫРГЫЗСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ ДЛЯ ПРОФЕССИЙ СТУДЕНТОВ, ОБУЧАЮЩИХСЯ АВИАЦИОННЫМ СПЕЦИАЛЬНОСТЯМ.

This topic is devoted to the creation and compilation of textbooks, teaching aids and programs used in teaching the Kyrgyz language to aviation students. The development of the Kyrgyz language in the aviation sector is an important aspect, since it is the state language of the Kyrgyz Republic and reflects the cultural heritage of the country. In this regard, the development of a special approach to teaching the Kyrgyz language to aviation students will significantly improve their communication skills and promote effective interaction in the professional field. Aviation textbooks, manuals and programs should take into account the specifics of aviation terminology, the peculiarities of grammar and phonetics of the Kyrgyz language, and also provide students with practical exercises to develop writing, reading, speaking and listening skills. On their basis, students will be able to effectively apply the learned language structures and expressions within the framework of their professional activities. As a result, the creation of high-quality textbooks, teaching aids and programs will contribute to the successful teaching of the Kyrgyz language to aviation students and to improving their professional level.

The impact of household pets on children's daily lives: Differences in parent-child conversations and implications for children's emotional development.

Living with a pet is related to a host of socioemotional health benefits for children, yet few studies have examined the mechanisms that drive the relations between pet ownership and positive socioemotional outcomes. The current study examined one of the ways that pets may change the environment through which children learn and whether childhood pet ownership might promote empathy and prosocial behavior through parent-child conversations about emotions and mental states in the presence of a pet dog. Participants included 123 parent (118 mothers, four fathers) and child (65 female, 58 male, Mage = 39.50 months, 75 White, not Hispanic, nine Asian/Pacific Islander, seven Hispanic, five Black/African American, two South Asian/Indian, two American Indian/Alaska Native, two "other," 21 more than one race, 111 residing in the United States) dyads currently living with a pet dog (n = 61) or having never lived with a pet dog (n = 62). As hypothesized, we found that parents used a greater proportion of emotion and mental state language with their children when playing with their pet dog than with a lifelike toy, suggesting that the presence of a household pet may be one context used to promote conversations about emotions and mental states. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Optimasi Sumber Daya dan Kolaborasi Mulitpihak (Pentaheliks): Suatu Kajian Perencanaan Bahasa

Indonesia as a multilingual country requires careful language planning so that language can be developed in accordance with the pace of national civilisation. The study in this article is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. The analysis is based on the data from the literature study. Based on the descriptive results of the literature study, it is found that language planning in Indonesia has fulfilled all elements of language planning starting from planning the status of Indonesian language has the status / position as the national language and state language, languages other than Indonesian and foreign languages are regional languages, and languages in Indonesia other than Indonesian and regional languages are foreign languages. Based on these facts, Indonesia is a country that has a complexity of conditions and language problems. Therefore, optimising resources and collaborating with the pentaheliks model is a must. All elements of policy makers and the community will streamline the language planning.

SOCIO-LINGUISTIC FEATURES OF THE STATE LANGUAGE IN THE DIGITIZATION OF KAZAKHSTAN

The article is intended to determine the features of the state language during the process of digitization in the public social life of the citizens of Kazakhstan. Digitization of Kazakhstan is going on intensively. The rapid development of IT technology has made changes to the structure of the language. In this regard, the article considers the social, political, and economic reasons for determining the peculiarities of the Kazakh language in the field of digital technology. Language units collected from texts on social networks, state portals, media channels, business platforms were taken as materials of the article. Socio-linguistic methods were used in the article: the method of external observation on field research, the method of synchronous analysis in modeling the features of language in society, general linguistic methods (description, analysis, systematization). The current state of the Kazakh language was described using the method of external observation, the sociolinguistic phenomena that occurred in the linguistic situation of the Kazakh language in a heterogeneous linguistic environment (linguistic situation, language conflict, mixing of languages, bilingualism, multilingualism, language choice, recognition of language status, etc. ) was determined. It has been proven that the use of IT technology and digital system products contributes to the expansion of the functional scope of the Kazakh language. Although the "Digital Kazakhstan" program is not directly related to the implementation of the language policy of the state, it was determined that it had a positive effect on the development of the state language.

THE QUАLITY OF USE OF MODERN KАZАKH SPOKEN LАNGUАGE

The main purpose of the paper is to disclose the present-day situation of the Kazakh oral speech. To do this, it is first necessаry to find out whаt orаl speech is, why Kаzаkh orаl speech hаs become less аudible, why it sounds wrong, how the аssessment of the Kаzаkh orаl lаnguаge hаs decreаsed, whаt wаs the trаditionаl Kаzаkh speech, how we lost the trаditionаl Kаzаkh speech, whаt is the modern orаl lаnguаge, who is to blаme for the mistаkes of the speech of young people, whаt аre the prospects of the Kаzаkh lаnguаge, whаt needs to be done to improve the stаtus of the Kаzаkh orаl lаnguаge? The purpose of the аrticle wаs to discuss these problems аnd consider wаys to solve these problems. The аrticle will discuss аnd аnswer these questions. For this purpose, the history of the study and the theoretical foundations of the study of Kazakh oral speech were considered. The conclusions of Akhmet Baitursynov on the word production of the Kazakh language, the research of academician Rabig Syzdyk were revised, the language parameters that will serve as the basis for the study were determined. The steps to be taken to improve the quality and level of the modern Kazakh oral language will be determined. To do this, an important step is the need to change the state language policy, the availability of legal force for the use of the language.

PROBLEMS OF ANNOTATION OF CULTURAL UNITS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CULTURAL AND REPRESENTATIVE SUBCORPUSES

One of the most urgent problems in modern Kazakh society is the revitalization of the spirit of the people through a comprehensive study of the continuity of native culture and history, formed through the language and preserved in the language. The solution to this problem is directly related to the continuation of the structural system of language research to the anthropocentric direction, which is developing on a large scale in Kazakh linguistics and reflects the national view of the world in linguistic consciousness. In this regard, recent research and published lexicographic works show the relevance of using rich information from cultural and representative texts that reflect the existence of each people. Because such texts, which reflect the individuality and uniqueness of each nation, are the code, priceless precious heritage, and linguistic treasure of that nation as the main indicator of the formation of the nation. That is why collecting, sorting, understanding, and revitalizing cultural texts is a very urgent problem. They will survive from the depths of centuries from generation to generation and serve for the future of the mother tongue. So, if we take an inventory of our ancient cultural texts and create a corpus of the Kazakh language, a modern reflection of national values will be created in the language, and some forgotten or outdated words with dull meanings will be revived and taken a place in the vocabulary. Thus, the vocabulary of the language will become richer, the scope of use of the state language will expand, and the process of term formation will intensify.