State Entities Research Articles

The Implication of the Quality of Care with the Level of Satisfaction of the Administered of a State Entity in the Lambayeque Region

The quality of care provided to the citizens by state entities is a significant factor in organizations because measuring satisfaction levels strengthens trust in governmental institutions. The objective of this article is to establish the relationship between service quality and citizen satisfaction levels within a state entity in the Lambayeque Region. According to the literature reviewed, it was found that there is a significant positive relationship between service quality and user satisfaction in public entities. This means that as service quality improves, user satisfaction levels also increase. Conversely, a decrease in service quality tends to negatively impact user satisfaction. This finding underscores the importance of enhancing and maintaining high standards of service quality provided by state entities to ensure a satisfactory experience for users.

Entre el hospital y la escuela: percepciones de niños, niñas, cuidadoras y docentes sobre la fase piloto de un aula hospitalaria en Colombia

The document is the product of a systematization of experiences that recovered the voices of the participants using interviews, focus groups and image associations. It was found that emergency remote education, used as a pilot of the program and employed due to the covid 19 pandemic, was a cultural artifact that facilitated the socialization of children with their peers and enabled the construction of meaningful learning anchored to their cognitive, affective, and social development. In addition, the hospital classroom was perceived as a source of emotional and social support for the children and their caregivers. Finally, the participating actors perceived that state entities should improve their responses to the educational demand of the hospitalized child population.

Water-Energy-Food Communities in South Africa: Exploring Multi-Actor Governance Instruments Contributing to Social Justice

Abstract South Africa faces significant challenges concerning the scarcity and unequal distribution of water, energy and food resources. The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 underscores the importance of social justice and mandates collaboration among all levels of government and state entities. To effectively address the interconnected nature of these resources, a collaborative governance approach is necessary. This article introduces the concept of ‘Water-Energy-Food (wef) communities’, a concept not currently recognised in South African law, drawing inspiration from the European Union’s Renewable Energy Directive (res-Directive) of 2018 and the Electricity Market Directive (E-Directive) of 2019 that introduced the concept of ‘energy communities’. wef communities, operating at the local level, could integrate improved governance and decision-making in the water, energy, and food sectors, thereby advancing social justice in local communities. The article compares existing multi-actor governance instruments in South African law and uses the EU law as learning points for the establishment of wef communities as opposed to energy communities that focus on one determinant only. Although the current South African multi-actor governance instruments do not explicitly address an integrated wef governance approach, they may serve as a basis for proposing framework rules to establish wef communities, highlighting their potential to achieve social justice goals in relation to their access to water, energy and food. The article proposes rules for the potential establishment of wef communities, taking learning points from the EU directives as well as existing South African instruments.

Spor Lesů České republiky, s. p., se správními orgány o včasnou reakci na kůrovcovou kalamitu

The bark beetle calamity that hit the Czech Republic has been reflected, among other things, in the approach of administrative authorities and courts reviewing administrative acts. The article is an expert report that provides information on the judgment of the Municipal Court in Prague, which reflects the current approach of the courts to the assessment of offences consisting in neglect of forest care during the bark beetle calamity. The example of the state entity shows how this entity uses technical and professional security in the case of forest care during a bark beetle calamity. By analyzing the court decision, it was concluded that it is necessary to strictly comply with the obligations of the forest manager or owner to ensure forest protection against bark beetle calamity, but it should not become a precedent against small owners who do not have the personnel and technical capabilities of large forestry companies. According to the conclusions, it is evident that the court decision imposes high requirements on the forest owner, which the small owner is not able to meet. The article invites a discussion on whether the state should take a more active role in measures against bark beetle calamities.

Municipalities at the crossroads: Deciphering the nexus between municipal insolvencies and international investment mandates

AbstractNavigating the convergence of domestic governance and international investment law presents multifaceted challenges in an ever‐globalizing world. The recent bankruptcy of the Birmingham City Council in September 2023, burdened by substantial debt from equal pay claims, serves as a poignant example, illustrating the potential widespread effects of local financial crises on international investment protections and obligations. The discourse explores the complexities arising from municipal insolvencies and the implications of such local fiscal policies on international investment obligations. The lens of international arbitral tribunals sheds light on the dilemmas faced when local realities vie with global responsibilities, especially concerning investor protections and Bilateral Investment Treaties. Decentralized states add another layer of intricacy, balancing regional policies with overarching international commitments. As the landscape of international investment law transforms, both state entities and investors must understand and adapt to the evolving interplay. The synthesis of these two realms is crucial in today's globalized era. Through proactive policy‐making, stakeholder dialogues, and a keen understanding of both local and global dynamics, a harmonious fusion of domestic objectives and international obligations can be achieved.

Social Movements and National Security in Nigeria: A Study of the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB)

Nigeria has been engulfed in crises of national question regarding its corporate existence as a sovereign state entity by the emergence and agitators of groups such as the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB). The ability of the separatist movement to mobilise actions has increased the volatility of insecurity in Nigeria’s South East/South-South zones. The study aims to examine the nexus between IPOB threat and national security so as to identify the factors behind IPOB movement. Based on the descriptive study design, the study adopted the opportunity structure perspective as its theoretical framework. The literature is descriptive in nature and adopted secondary method of data collection. The data was collected from secondary sources such as internal publications, newspaper reports, journal articles, official reports documentations and documentaries, and textbooks and commentaries. The findings of the study revealed that although the IPOB movement is fueled by a feeling of victimisation and marginalisation among the Igbos, the movement constitutes a threat to national security. In conclusion, the study recommends the need to engage the genuine IPOB agitators in meaningful dialogue and also fish out the criminal elements whose activities threaten national security.

A New Member of BRICS — Egypt

The article analyzes the political, economic and cultural development of Egypt over several millennia. It is claimed that Egypt is an ancient civilization, the «heart» of the Arab world and a recognized regional leader. The author explores the history of various state entities that existed on the territory of modern Egypt in the era of the Ancient World, Antiquity, the Middle Ages and Modern times. The emphasis is consistently placed on the rule of the pharaohs, Egypt’s presence in the Persian and especially the Greco-Roman world, the periods of the Arab conquest, Ottoman and British rule, the functioning of the independent Kingdom of Egypt and the Arab Republic of Egypt that succeeded it in 1953. The article contains a detailed overview of key events in the country’s internal life over the past 70 years, as well as Cairo’s activities in the international arena, including participation in the Arab-Israeli wars, relations with global and regional actors in the second half of the XX – early XXI centuries, the current position of the state as one of the leaders of the African continent. It is indicated that Egypt ranks first in Africa in terms of GDP, third in terms of population, has serious scientific and technical potential and advanced financial system by regional standards, actively attracts foreign investment and new technologies. In the field of foreign policy, Egypt, while maintaining relations with Western powers, is intensely cooperating with new centers of power, including Russia. The author concludes that today the Arab Republic of Egypt is a powerful regional actor that is diversifying its foreign policy and economic ties, as reflected by the country’s entry into the BRICS.

Blockchain-Based Strategy to Optimize Certified Notifications from Government Entities

Currently, 4.0 technologies have generated important changes in government entities, promoting digital government transformation (DGT). This article addresses the challenge of improving the security, reliability and traceability of communications and certified notifications of state entities, particularly in the case of the Colombian government entity called the Comisión de Regulación de Comunicaciones (CRC). Four important points are presented in this report: (a) Research interest in blockchain and smart contracts has been greatly increasing, evidenced in a literature review conducted in the SCOPUS index; (b) a global reference framework on the use of emerging technologies, as is the case of blockchain, has been developed, as well as the legal and juridical framework in Colombia as a baseline; (c) a multi-criteria decision making framework has been used, resulting in the choice of the Zilliqa platform; and (d) The Tecnotifica™ V1.0 software tool is developed to automate notifications with stakeholders using blockchain. Its effectiveness and acceptance is validated with a technology acceptance level test (TAM). It is concluded that the incorporation of emerging technologies such as blockchain is of a very high interest and relevance in the digital transformation of the state sector in the world.

The system of subjects of administrative and legal support of information security in Ukraine

Based on the analysis of current legislation, available scientific, journalistic and methodological sources, the article clarifies the content of the system of subjects of administrative and legal support of information security in Ukraine. It is proposed that the system of subjects of administrative and legal support of information security should be understood as a set of legislative, executive and judicial authorities, state, public and other organizations and associations, and citizens who may participate in administrative and legal support of information security in accordance with the legislation regulating relations in the field of information security. It is established that the system of subjects of administrative and legal support of information security includes a wide range of structures of both state and non-state affiliation. The first group (state entities) is represented by the State represented by the President of Ukraine, legislative, executive and judicial bodies, which, having different competencies in the field of administrative and legal support of information security, perform key tasks and functions in it. The second group (non-state actors) can be divided into two subgroups. The first one includes society represented by legal entities, namely, commercial companies and non-governmental organizations (educational institutions, research institutes, research and analytical centers, etc.) The second group includes individuals (citizens) who may be directly involved in ensuring information security, represented by specialists, experts, information security consultants, etc. It is proposed to: include all non-state actors in the mechanism for implementing the goals and objectives of the Information Security Strategy; make the widest possible use of the capabilities of non-state actors in this area, and therefore intensify the involvement of citizens, public associations, organizations, etc. in solving the problem of information security; create an Interagency Commission on Information Security within the structure of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine.

Motivation-based visitor segmentation in the context of a new governance model for a protected area

ABSTRACT Understanding visitor motivations is crucial for developing sustainable tourism strategies in protected areas (PAs). However, the literature often overlooks the role of visitor motivation research in enhancing place-based collaborative governance within PAs. This study focuses on the Alvão Natural Park (PNAL), a mountainous Portuguese PA currently implementing a new co-management model. This represents a significant change, considering that the governance of the PA has shifted from a single state entity to a collaborative model that prioritises tourism as a key factor in local development. This study seeks to address the research gap regarding motivation-based segmentation studies in mountainous natural parks, while exploring the innovative aspects of conducting such a study within the framework of a new governance model. By surveying 351 PNAL visitors, factor analysis revealed four motivational dimensions with emphasis on connection with nature and relaxation. However, cluster analysis identified only one segment primarily motivated by connecting with nature, while the largest segment is motivated by convenience and social environment interactions. The results suggest the importance of involving the local community in governance and decision-making processes, and the need to prioritise ecotourism as a key focal point in PNAL's tourism policies, strategic planning, and development. Our findings contribute to theoretical knowledge and inform policy-making, providing valuable guidance for the successful implementation of co-management in PNAL and potentially other similar PAs.

Evolution of political traditions and mentality of Ukrainian society

The article analyzes the processes of formation and evolution of political traditions and mentality of Ukrainian society, their impact on public sentiment and political decision-making, which can be both supportive and legitimate foundation, as well as rejection and denial, and an obstacle to political and economic development. Due to the peculiarities of its historical development and geopolitical location, Ukraine has strong ties with European countries and shares similar values, and is geographically part of Europe. Ukrainian political traditions are based on support for democratic principles and freedoms, rejection of dictatorial authoritarian practices, the ability of Ukrainian society to self-organize and build effective horizontal ties, and individualism. Ukrainians, like Europeans, consider the dignity of the human person as a fundamental value, and violence as unacceptable and humiliating. During national revolutions and in times of war, Ukrainians bravely defend the Motherland, protecting their freedom even at the cost of their lives. These fundamental features of the Ukrainian political mentality contributed to the formation of the Ukrainian political nation, and in combination with Cossack military traditions, the experience of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army and a number of patriotic organizations, they influence the heroic military confrontation with Russia today. However, the long stay of Ukrainian lands as part of other state entities, the imposition of different models of seeing the world, values, beliefs, the extermination of the political elite and patriotic activists and their families, etc. also reflected in the political traditions, moods, preferences, patterns of behavioral reactions of Ukrainian society. Especially destructive was the influence of Russian state entities, the period of being part of the USSR, which shaped the consciousness of homo soveticus – a cog in a totalitarian state system with limited rights and opportunities.

DIDACTIC ANALYSIS OF THE PANSLAVISTIC MYTHOLOGY IN THE PHILOSOPHICAL REFLECTIONS OF IVAN MIRCHUK

In the article, the author analyzes the views of the leading ideologues of the concept of pan-Slavism in the Russian Empire, who, according to Ivan Mirchuk, had a decisive influence on the formation of the modern ideological mythologeme of the hegemony of the Russian state on a planetary scale and contributed to the deepening of ideological differences between Western and Eastern civilizations. Using the example of the arguments of representatives of the Slavophile stream of Russian Pan-Slavism regarding its messianic role in the history of the Slavic peoples, the researcher proves the absurdity of the very idea of the superiority of one nation over another. At the same time, intelligence focuses the reader’s attention on those dangerous tendencies of the spread of this theory, which in the future may lead to global world conflicts with catastrophic consequences.Following the further development of the ideology of pan-Slavism during the second half of the 20th century, the researcher reveals the process of transformation of Moscow messianism into the leading role of the now Soviet (Soviet) people in world history, which received its theoretical embodiment in the concept of pan-Sovietism. It was she who contributed to the final consolidation of the lawless position of the Slavic peoples within the framework of a single state entity on the territory of Eastern Europe, and the emergence of a new socio-cultural generation with an ideologically shaped rejection of values contrary to communist ideals and a negative attitude towards the entire surrounding world.The research methodology is based on the philosophical-anthropological and psychological analysis of the key ideas of the concept of pan-Slavism and pan-Sovietism in the historical-philosophical studies of I. Mirchuk. In particular, we used formal-logical, critical and hermeneutic methods of research to reveal the process of transformation of the pan-Slavism mythology in modern Russia and its influence on the socio-political life of other Slavic peoples. Among the general scientific methods, the methods of deduction and comparison came in handy, which helped to analyze the views of individual representatives of various pan-Slavic currents on the problem of uniting the Slavic peoples into a single ethnic substratum in different historical time periods. And the principles of objectivity and systematicity helped us dispel the myth of Russian messianism among other Slavic peoples.Conclusion. Thus, the main mythologeme of the ideology of Pan-Slavism in the studies of the Slavic scholar I. Mirchuk was reduced to the messianic role of Russia and its people, as the leader among the entire Slavic world, in relation to all other, primarily European nations. Neglecting the historical and spiritual contribution to the development of the world culture of other nations and peoples, the Moscow Empire to this day continues to call itself the only center of true Christian traditions, which strives to lead the planet to a better future. Declaring itself the successor of the Roman Empire as the “Third Rome”, Muscovy, and later the Soviet Union, completely usurped the right of other Slavic peoples of the continent to independently choose their own path of state formation and social development.The transformational processes experienced by pan-Slavism at the beginning of the 20th century brought only the change of the name of the ideology to pan-Sovietism, fully preserving the essence of the imperial unity principle in all spheres of social and political life of the communist era. According to the leading communist ideologues, all the best that the world had could be found only in the Soviet Union, or rather in its capital. Other Slavic peoples got the desired equality only in the negative attitude of the center towards any manifestations of their own spiritual identity and economic initiatives, which were instantly punished by brutal repression and physical destruction under the slogans of finding non-existent enemies of the people and invented counter-revolutionary activities. The theoretically attractive idea of the special purpose of the Slavic peoples in the international arena has in practice turned into an imperial totalitarian dictatorship of one country, which wanted only one thing – world domination.

The Political and Mental Aspects of Ukraine Integration with Europe

This research paper examines Ukraine’s path towards European integration. From the 10th to the 12th centuries, Ukraine – then known as Kyivan Rus’ – was a strong independent state, but due to internal conflicts and conquests, it became weakened and fell under the influence of other state entities. From the 17th century onwards, as a result of the Pereyaslav agreements (1654 and 1659) between the Cossacks and Moscow, Ukraine found itself increasingly under the sway of Russia, a situation that persisted until the collapse of the “prison of the peoples”, the Soviet Union. Despite Russian propaganda portraying Ukraine as an integral part of Russia for a long time due to shared history and culture, in reality, modern Ukraine and Russia are two different countries with distinct political systems, development trajectories, identities, mentalities, fundamental values, and traditions. Ukrainian society, though subjected to Sovietization during communist times and later targeted by political and propaganda actions from the Russian Federation, stands fundamentally opposed to the authoritarian Russian society and closer to the democratic European community. For centuries, Russian authorities sought to colonize and exploit Ukraine for their own interests, attempting to erase Ukrainian identity, language, traditions, and rewriting Ukrainian history, yet they failed to fully assimilate the Ukrainian people despite numerous manipulations and crimes against them. The European, Western development trajectory of Ukraine and its desire to break away from Russia’s sphere of influence is one of the main reasons for the current full-scale war. The greatest similarities between Ukraine and European states at the level of mentality include Ukrainian love for freedom, individualism, and desire for democracy, in contrast to Russian despotism and authoritarianism. These distinct features of the Ukrainian mentality have historically preserved and revived the Ukrainian nation, aiding in its further development and providing hope for its future not only geographically and economically but also mentally and spiritually.

Референдум о независимости Черногории 2006 года: этноязыковые аспекты

The purpose of the study is to determine the influence of the factor of ethnolanguage identification of the population of Montenegro on the results of the 2006 independence referendum. The article presents arguments pointing to a stable territorial split of Montenegro, confirmed by census materials, the results of referendums in 1992 and 2006, as well as the course of parliamentary and presidential elections. Montenegrins, Serbs and representatives of other ethnic communities have completely different assessments of the geopolitical situation of the republic and have their own vision of the further development of Montenegrin statehood. The scientific novelty of the study consists in an attempt to show a clear correlation of the voting results in each community with the ethnocultural identity of the local population, due to the historical conditions of residence of a particular region within the Montenegrin state. As a result of the study, it was determined that the Orthodox majority of the republic is in a state of deep division into two approximately equal groups – Serbs and Montenegrins. Their separation on the issue of maintaining a unified state entity with Serbia was noticeable even during the collapse of greater Yugoslavia, and finally took shape in the late 1990s and early 2000s in connection with the new course of the political leadership of Montenegro to achieve full independence from Serbia.

Configuration of Man’s Position within Patriarchal Structure in Nepalese Society

Patriarchy is a powerful philosophy and structure of male domination and supremacy. It is not new, nor is the recognition of women’s demoralized existence well-established patriarchal system and it embraces that there is an inferior position of women since historical period. Patriarchy is a social system in which men use, abuse, control, oppress and exploit women. The concept of patriarchy highlights the interconnection of different aspects of gender discrimination and women are often underprivileged in many areas of social existence. Theories and philosophies of patriarchy explore the division of interests between most men and women formed by the social system of gender perceptions, practices and relationships. Gender is a relationship of power and inequality and not merely of variation. There are various supplementary expressions that have extremely related meaning to patriarchy. These incorporate gender command, gender arrange, gender display and sex-gender formulation. They are comparable in pointing to the powerful interconnection of various sphere of influence of gender discrimination. Analyses of patriarchy differ as to whether men's position as head of the household and family or society or state entity is recognized as the key to their potentiality to rule and oppress, or whether the institutional features of men's supremacy are pictured and imagined. In this context, this study provides an analysis of the understanding and accepting of man's position within existing patriarchal structure in Nepalese societies inside the background of gender standpoints and different educational status. It also tries to explore the common judgments and ruling ideologies on patriarchy and its practices and social insights of gender relationships.

The Municipal Accountability in Service Delivery: Featherbrooke Homeowners Association v Mogale City Local Municipality

In the case of Featherbrooke Homeowners Association NPC v Mogale City Local Municipality the Johannesburg High Court presided over a matter which considered the role of municipal accountability in stormwater management. Schedule 4B of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 provides for basic municipal services such as stormwater management. Schedule 4B outlines other functional areas linked to promoting the right to an environment that is not harmful to one's well-being. These constitutional rights are often infringed upon, and the courts must decide to what extent local government is responsible for the alleged infringements. The courts must further decide to what extent local government accountability can be enforced through structural interdicts. This note contemplates the role of municipal accountability and responsibility in the pursuit of adequate service delivery in urban areas. It highlights the role of legislative interpretation in constitutional matters that relate to government accountability and overlapping mandates. It argues that state entities often shift the blame for their responsibilities. Furthermore, it evaluates the challenges of enforcing municipal accountability in service delivery and argues that public participation plays a key role in holding local government accountable for the delivery of such services.

FEATURES OF BATTLE SCENE STAGING IN THE UKRAINIAN OPERA

The author examines the concept of staging battle scenes in Ukrainian opera with heroicpatriotic themes. Attention is paid to the need to rethink the given topic in the conditions of the dominance of foreign repertoire over national works, the inclination of the young generation to cosmopolitanism against the background of digitalization of society and the wide spread of information technologies. Emphasis is placed on conducting active searches and experiments in the optimization of the spectacular and dramaturgical components with the integration of artistic means of expression and modern art technologies in the battle scenes of domestic opera performances. Historiographical sources from the everyday life of the Ukrainian Cossacks, their military training and military operations are analyzed and differentiated; art studies on the resolution of battle scenes in M. Lysenko's "Taras Bulba" and K. Dankevich's "Bohdan Khmelnytskyi" offer interesting approaches to the topic of the article. It was possible to find out the phenomenon of the appearance and formation of the Zaporizhya Cossacks, its conditioning by socio-economic factors. The essence of the term "Sich" has been established in its historical progress with the acquisition of the status of the center of the Zaporizhya Army and the assignment to it of the functions of a special state entity for the protection of the Orthodox world from Muslim and Catholic oppressors. The division of the Ukrainian Cossacks into two categories is outlined: sichoviks — direct participants in military operations, and zimivchakiv that provided the livelihood and fighting capacity of the former. The peculiarities of the combat training of the Cossacks in Sich, the advantages of their universal military training in the possession of various types of weapons in comparison with the armies of Eastern and Western Europe were studied. The principles of building certain military camp according to the Cossack custom have been revealed. The nature of combat techniques and tactical adjustments in the conditions of a permanent change in the situation on the battlefield is described. The scenes of the trials of the sons of Taras on Sich, the siege and storming of Dubno in the opera "Taras Bulba" by Mykola Lysenko, the battle at Yellow Waters in the opera "Bohdan Khmelnytskyi" by Kostiantyn Dankevich were modeled. Their historically reliable stylization in the context of synthesizing combat techniques, dance and choral performance with video broadcast of individual episodes of the battle is noted. The algorithm for staging battle episodes in Ukrainian opera is formulated with the need for performers to master the techniques of stage combat, coordination of interactions between them, and compliance with safety techniques in order to avoid industrial injuries. The author outlines the prospects of further investigations for the reliable display of battle scenes in opera performances in accordance with the peculiarities of the historical era, military traditions and armaments of a certain country, optimizing their solution with the use of modern art technologies.

РОЗВИТОК СУЧАСНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ: ВИКЛИКИ ДЛЯ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ ПОЛЬЩІ

The main purpose of the article is to analyze national security challenges related to the development of modern technologies. The impact of this phenomenon on many aspects of safety in cyberspace is presented. The relationship between modern technologies with the military security of the state is also presented. There is also a cross-discussion of the struggle of state entities with terrorist threats directly related to dynamic technological progress. The possibilities of cybersecurity education at universities, within the framework of postgraduate education, courses and trainings are analyzed. The study shows that modern technologies have a significant impact on Poland's national security. Rapid technological development poses a serious threat to national security for any country, including Poland. They directly influence national security aspects as the fight against terrorism, ensuring the security of state institutions in cyberspace and guaranteeing permanent military development necessary to counteract both common and hybrid threats. The functioning of state entities and their citizens requires constant adaptation to an environment that changes dynamically in the international arena. Poland, like any other country, should be in constant readiness to resist the above mentioned challenges to defend their own national interests. To do this, you need to use the opportunities and soften the threats associated with the constant inter -sectoral development of technology. Modern information technologies offer advanced means and capabilities of cybersecurity. However, it also increases the potential for cyberattacks, which requires constant improvement and adaptation of cybersecurity policy. The development of military technologies, including artificial intelligence, nanotechnology, or cybercribe, changes the face of national defense. Poland needs to be effectively investing in modern defense technologies in order to maintain their defense capability at a proper level. Modern technologies influence the protection of critical infrastructure from potential terrorist attacks. Integrated IT systems can increase efficiency, but at the same time increase the risk of cyberattacks that can have serious consequences for the country's functioning. It is also necessary to strengthen international cooperation to exchange advanced experiences and work together to protect against modern technological threats. Key words: technology, military safety, terrorism, cyberspace, cybersecurity, higher education, Poland.

Long-Term Forecast of Energy Demand towards a Sustainable Future in Renewable Energies Focused on Geothermal Energy in Peru (2020–2050): A LEAP Model Application

The present study aims to describe the potential sources of energy in Peru with the purpose of implementing them to achieve a sustainable system, taking advantage of the natural resources in the Peruvian land. To achieve this, three alternative scenarios have been defined and analyzed using the LEAP (Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning) software [Software Version: 2020.1.112]. The scenarios are as follows: the first one, the Business-as-Usual scenario, is based on normal trends according to historical data and referencing projections made by Peruvian state entities; the second one is focused on Energy Efficiency, the highlighted characteristic is taking into consideration the efficient conditions in transmission and distribution of electric energy; and the third one, centered on Geothermal Energy, focused on the development of this type of energy source and prioritizing it. The primary purpose of this analysis is to identify the advantages and disadvantages inherent in each scenario in order to obtain the best out of each one. In this way, the intention is to propose solutions based on Peru’s national reality or possible uses of the country’s energy potential to supply its energy demand. Currently, Peru’s energy demand relies on fossil fuels, hydraulic, and thermal energy. However, there is the possibility of transforming this system into a sustainable one by strengthening existing and growing energy sources such as solar and wind energy and new technologies for hydraulic and thermal energy, in addition to considering geothermal energy as the main energy source in the third scenario. The new system mentioned satisfactorily indicates that the CO2 equivalent emissions decrease significantly in the third scenario, with a 15.8% reduction compared to the first scenario and a 9.7% reduction in comparison to the second. On the other hand, the second scenario shows a 5.6% decrease in CO2 emissions compared to the first, resulting from improvements in technology and energy efficiency without requiring significant modifications or considerable investments, as in the third scenario.

Digital Literacy and its Impact on the Work Performance of the Collaborator of a State Entity

The main objective of the development of this article was to determine the impact of digital literacy on the work performance of the employee of a state entity, for which a quantitative approach methodology was used with a non-experimental correlational, causal, explanatory and cross-sectional design, with a population of 137 participants and a census-type sample. obtained under a non-probabilistic convenience sampling, thus a SIG.<0.05 was obtained indicating that literacy significantly impacts work performance, likewise under the Nagelkerke value of 0.902, the hypothesis is reinforced by mentioning that digital literacy impacts 90.2% on the development of the employee of a state entity, thus concluding that, the higher the level of digital literacy that the employee maintains based on the use of technologies to fulfill their functions, the greater their impact and level of work performance.