State Emergency Service Of Ukraine Research Articles

Peculiarities of Professional Training of Civil Defence Specialists in Ukraine Under a Martial Law

The State Emergency Service of Ukraine is a central executive body directed and coordinated by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine through the Minister of Internal Affairs and implementing the state policy in the field of civil defence, protection of the people and territories from emergencies and prevention of their occurrence, elimination of the consequences of emergencies, rescue, firefighting, fire, and industrial safety, activities of emergency services, and hydrometeorological activities. This institution has two higher education schools offering BA training for civil defence bodies and units. At the same time, Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has led to a number of changes in educational training programs for civil defence specialists. Understanding the current threats and recognizing the role of civil defence requires revision of the standards of all specialties, in particular in terms of awareness and preparedness for emergency situations, as well as separation of a set of knowledge, competencies and skills into a separate specialty “civil defence”.

Preventive Function In Social Media Posts On Safety And Emergency Situations

Introduction. In times of martial law, there is a noticeable demand for preventive media texts particularly in social networks informing the community about safety rules and emergency situations. Research relevance. The Media Relations Department at the State Emergency Service of Ukraine or SESoU prevents or mitigates a potential crisis by informing community about safety rules and regulations. While following the general media standards, in the period of martial law the procedure of informing the public of emergency has several specific features. Research Methods. The analytical-synthetic method has been used to explore the research background and define the main terms. The method of synthesis and generalization has optimized the theoretical outline. The interview has been used to survey the State Emergency Service employees. The observation and information products analysis method has been used to evaluate the content. Results. The phenomenon of preventive is substantiated as an interdisciplinary category that serves as an effective mechanism for preventing undesirable consequences and situations. The experience that the regional head departments of State Emergency Service of Ukraine have regarding public preventive information has been studied. The advantages to using social networks to provide prevention and advert risks have been described. The genre-compositional nature used in posts has been studied. The preventive or informational and explanatory types of posts have been identified. Conclusions. In order to objectively inform and preventively alert citizens to safety rules and emergency situations, it is necessary to actively leverage the potential of social media. Posts should be regularly prepared and published, and materials should be accompanied by the author’s photos and videos, which will help keep the feed active. The social media posts have been interpreted according to their genre characteristics as informational, emotional, ritualistic, exploratory, and argumentative. The preventive, or informational, genre is identified, that is aimed at providing unbiased information about a certain event, phenomenon, fact, and explaining the rules of safety compliance. In terms of composition, posts have a title, the main body, and a conclusion.

Професійне вигорання працівників органів та підрозділів Державної служби України з надзвичайних ситуацій

Every day, employees of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine perform complex tasks of eliminating the consequences of rocket attacks, clearing debris, rescuing Ukrainian citizens, and ensuring the protection of the population and territories from emergencies. An important scientific and psychological area is the research of the peculiarities of professional burnout of employees of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine in order to develop vectors of psychological correction and psycho-correction in case of its occurrence.The scientific article presents a structural and functional model of the socio-psychological features of professional burnout of employees of the organs and units of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine.The supporting structures for the design of the structural and functional model were: Rybalka-Shevtsov's four-dimensional personality structure and the structural and functional model of psychological mechanisms of social adaptation of young people with musculoskeletal disabilities by I. Chukhriy and A. Shevtsov.Professional burnout is presented in the structural-functional model in the context of considering socio-psychological adaptation (socio-psychological adaptation, resilience, self-efficacy) and socio-psychological maladjustment (socio-psychological maladjustment, professional burnout).External factors that influence the formation of professional burnout among employees of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine include education (availability of secondary specialized, higher, secondary general education); specialized training (peculiarities of training of employees of organs and units of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine); work experience; marital status; and extreme working conditions.Individual psychological factors are grouped as follows: emotional-affective (emotional comfort/emotional discomfort, situational anxiety, personal anxiety, depression, aggressiveness, hostility); communicative (leadership, sociability, reflectivity); cognitive (cognitive processes, reflectivity); behavioral (dominance, escapism, prominence, dependence/independence, sociability/unsociability); motivational and volitional (internal control/external control, prominence, acceptance of struggle/rejection of struggle).The personality structure itself is presented as follows: age, genetic dimension, individual psychological dimension, and activity dimension.It is important to note that the proposed structural-functional model demonstrates the interconnection of all its structural components, and its ascending core is the structure of the specialist's personality, which is formed in the age, genetic, individual psychological and activity dimensions. Through the individual psychological dimension, we have the opportunity to explore the individual psychological factors that influence the emergence of professional burnout as a component of the process of socio-psychological maladjustment, or the formation of socio-psychological adaptability, resilience and self-efficacy as components of socio-psychological adaptation. The external (social) factors that demonstrate the social conditions for the emergence of professional burnout or can act as factors that prevent its emergence (family, career growth opportunities, etc.) are of great importance in the proposed model.

Humanitarian demining: How can UAVs and Internet of Things help?

The history of active mine use spans nearly two centuries. In this relatively short historical period, mines have become a global problem. Explosive objects and mines, remnants of wars and military conflicts, continue to pose a threat to people residing in these areas for a long time. As of the beginning of 2023, the State Emergency Service of Ukraine reported that approximately 40% of the territory (over 250,000 km2) had been mined. In terms of the extent of mined land, the United Nations classifies Ukraine among the most heavily mined countries. The scale of mine contamination surpasses countries where military conflicts have lasted for decades. The invention and improvement of mines have contributed to the development of methods to counter them. Today, more than fifty different methods and their modifications are known, but none guarantee a 100% success rate, underscoring the relevance of further scientific research. The creation and use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been a significant breakthrough in the field of intellectual achievements. Innovations manifest in all aspects, from modern composite materials to state-of-the-art navigation equipment and software. UAVs are actively deployed in various areas of human activity, demonstrating excellent results. The primary advantage of UAVs in humanitarian demining is the safety they provide, allowing individuals to operate in hazardous conditions beyond physiological and psychophysiological capabilities. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a relatively new combination of information and telecommunications technologies whose popularity is rapidly growing, opening up previously unexplored possibilities for practical applications. UAV and IoT technologies do not fall into the traditional classification of humanitarian demining methods. However, they serve as a connecting link for implementing, based on them or with their direct participation, other technological solutions (including geoinformation system (GIS), neural networks, artificial intelligence, Big Data, etc.). The prospects of implementing 5G communication networks in Ukraine will enhance spatial accuracy when combining both technologies, which is especially crucial for humanitarian demining. The recent advancements in communication technologies, such as 5G, and programs like the IoT, play a crucial role in aerial communication using UAVs. Depending on the application and operational region, UAVs have also been utilized to enhance coverage and throughput in 5G wireless communication. In such cases, UAVs act as intermediate nodes or flying base stations. This helps conduct operations in remote and challenging-to-reach locations. The idea of integrating cloud computing with UAVs enhances their role by providing additional computational capabilities.

APPLICATION OF DISTANCE EDUCATION IN THE PROCESS OF TRAINING OF FUTURE QUALIFIED WORKERS OF THE OPERATIONAL AND RESCUE SERVICE OF THE CIVIL DEFENSE OF UKRAINE

The article substantiates the peculiarities of the use of elements of distance learning during the study of the disciplines of civil protection and life safety in vocational and technical educational institutions. The advantages that e-learning provides to students and the directions for improving the training process in operational and rescue work to ensure the quality of knowledge are determined.The subject of the article is distance learning technologies used in the educational process. The topic of the article is the state and prospects of the introduction of distance learning technologies in the educational process of the training centers of the emergency and rescue units of the special purpose Main Departments of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine in the regions. The purpose of the article is to define a rational approach to the implementation of the «blended learning» model in educational institutions. The application of the obtained results will create prerequisites for the full implementation of distance learning technologies in the educational activities of the training centers of the emergency and rescue units of the special purpose of the Main Departments of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine in the regions in the preparation of future qualified workers of the operational and rescue service of the civil protection «without separation from service».Keywords: skilled workers, operational and rescue service of civil protection of Ukraine, distance learning, training of future skilled workers, improvement of the educational process, innovative technologies.

QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF THE DISCIPLINE «FIRE AND RESCUE EQUIPMENT»

This article is aimed at conducting a comprehensive analysis of the course «Fire and Rescue Equipment» taught in the 4th year (7th semester) at the National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine. The course is intended for students majoring in Fire Safety, Fire Safety and Fire Fighting and Rescue Operations. The discipline is worth 3 ECTS credits and has 40 classroom hours, including 14 hours of lectures and 26 hours of practical classes. The course covers a wide range of topics, including the operation of firefighting equipment, vehicle maintenance, road safety, and the operation of firefighting equipment. The anonymous survey of offline cadets, which involved 97 respondents out of a total of 105, included an assessment of such parameters as the usefulness of the course for future service, the adequacy of the number of classroom hours, the logical structure of the course, the quality of teaching, the availability of the instructor for consultations, the effectiveness of the assessment system, etc. The survey results indicate a high assessment of the course’s usefulness for future service in the units of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine (SESU), which was expressed by 79.4% of participants. However, problems were identified with the availability of the lecturer for consultations and the instability of the OpenTEST 2.3.0 testing system, which led to difficulties in assessing students’ knowledge. The findings indicate the need to focus on the practical component of learning, improve the material and technical base for learning the subject, and change the assessment system. The respondents also suggested increasing the number of practical classes and improving the assessment system. The main conclusion of the study is to emphasise the importance of improving the educational process based on the opinions of the student audience to increase the effectiveness of teaching the course «Fire and Rescue Equipment».

Foreign experience in training operators of the Emergency Assistance System for the population via a single telephone number 112

For a person who finds himself in a situation where there is a threat to his life or health, or the life or health of his relatives, the time within which the competent authorities will come to his aid is critically important. In order to respond to emergencies in a timely manner, Ukraine has established a mechanism for responding to citizens' appeals. This mechanism includes the State Emergency Service of Ukraine, the National Police of Ukraine, emergency (ambulance) medical care, emergency gas service and other emergency services. However, it is not entirely convenient to call these services for help, as the call is made by different phone numbers and in situations where a variety of phone numbers will lead to a loss of time and serious consequences.
 Ukraine's integration into the European community requires our country to review the mechanisms for protecting a person in an emergency situation. It is established that the main purpose of implementing the system of emergency assistance to the single telephone number 112 in Ukraine is to provide timely assistance to European level with the ability to communicate in foreign languages, prompt involvement of necessary emergency services, which is a decisive factor in providing assistance, emergency response.
 The article also considers the issues of training employees who receive calls to the single emergency number «112», their interaction with each other during the performance of duties at emergency response centers, as well as their interaction with employees who directly provide assistance to scene. It is established that the training of operators who organize the rescue operation is carried out at the police academy.
 The training system for 112 Centre operators in Estonia is one of the best in the world and can be borrowed for implementation in Ukraine. At the same time, the «Emergency Assistance System for the Population via a Single Phone Number 112» is a rather complex mechanism for the implementation of which, in addition to analysing positive foreign experience, it is necessary to involve a fairly wide range of specialists from various fields, and therefore to create an appropriate regulatory framework to regulate the interaction between different response services.

Досвід застосовування теплових акумуляторів в умовах блекауту

This study is the first and so far the only one in Ukraine dedicated to the experience of using mobile thermal energy storage in emergencies, in particular blackouts. The article considers the issue of ensuring energy security. The classification of heat storage system parameters is given. The considered model of an autonomous heating system with a heat storage system. The impact on the thermal energy storage heating system with different designs of heat generators and fuel types is shown. The results of the operation of a combined system consisting of an autonomous heating system of a separate building equipped with an electric boiler and thermal energy storage are presented. Thermal energy storage is used not only as a buffer between the heat generator and the heating system but also as a source of heat. Integrating the thermal energy storage into the building's heating system ensures constant heat supply to the building, 100% coverage of peak dynamic loads, halving the boiler unit capacity and operating costs by 20%. It has been proven that the presence of thermal energy storage allows solving the problem of providing a stable heat supply in the conditions of a power outage. A detailed description of the conducted study of methods and equipment used during field operation and data processing is given. The results of the field tests of the thermal energy storage in winter operation conditions are provided. Features of the use of the controller for monitoring the heating system's operation with thermal energy storage are provided. The results of field tests are given. An analysis of the received data was carried out. Formulated directions for further scientific research, development, and practical recommendations for the use of mobile heat accumulators in the national economy and the state emergency service of Ukraine. Economic criteria and efficiency criteria aimed at reducing operational costs are considered. The obtained research results can be used to predict the operation of heating and cooling systems equipped with thermal energy storage. Keywords: Heating system, security, blackout, thermal energy storage, monitoring.

ПРОБЛЕМАТИКА ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНОГО ЗОНУВАННЯ ГРОМАДСЬКОГО ПРОСТОРУ УНІВЕРСИТЕТІВ. НА ПРИКЛАДІ М. ЛЬВОВА

The article is devoted to the research of problems of the functional and planning structure of existing objects of publicly accessible public spaces within the university campuses of the city of Lviv and identifying the main trends in their design and successful functioning. Based on the analysis of the scientific publications and studies that related to this topic, the main aspects of the formation of public space at the universities were presented. Thousands of students enter the universities of Ukraine every year, and all of them daily use the public spaces next to the university buildings, which are the important places for social interaction and communication of students. It is worth noting that the main criterion for the success of public university spaces is the high intensity of their use, which is determined in foreign experience by the involvement of catering and trade establishments in the functional filling of campuses. There are an important arguments, the everyday access and working mode without days off, a large number of incoming groups and to use educational zones with flexible planning in planning structure. While the domestic public spaces at universities operate sporadically, the first floors are equipped with one entrance group, which reduces the number of pedestrian transit connections with the building, and outdated approaches are used to design even modern university public spaces for students. A field survey and analysis of the territory of the academic campuses of Lviv Polytechnic National University, Stepan Gzhitskyi Lviv National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Lviv State University of Life Safety of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine was conducted. The main shortcomings of the functioning and operation of these territories were identified and highlighted.

STUDY OF FIRE LOCATION TIME IN HIGH-STORY BUILDINGS IN CITIES OF UKRAINE

The effectiveness of extinguishing a fire depends on the speed of arrival of fire and rescue units at the scene and the time it will take to deliver the "first" barrel (extinguishing agent) to the location. The rapid supply of fire extinguishing agent gives a chance to localize and then eliminate the fire in the initial phase, although the result depends significantly on the action in the "first minutes of the fire". The urban settlements into appropriate groups based on population and territory using methods of cluster analysis were divided. One settlement was selected from each group of cities, and then data on fires for the period of 2020 was processed. The statistical data obtained from the operational coordination centers of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine in the cities of Kyiv, Kharkiv, Poltava, and Berdyansk, which characterize the process of extinguishing fires, namely the time of arrival of fire and rescue units at the scene of the fire, the time of localization of the fire and the area of the fire, were analyzed. Statistical data were selected only for high-rise buildings. The interrelationship of the following parameters was established: burning area, building floor, time of fire localization. The obtained static data indicate that the area of fire and the time of localization increases on average from 3.5 to 6 times. The result of the data analysis provides a clear understanding of the need to improve the available means and methods (tactics) of extinguishing fires in multi-story buildings. We proposed to use the Typhoon-10 impulse fire extinguisher, which has been converted into a pneumatic gun for the discrete delivery of fire extinguishing substances placed in a special container, as the basis of firefighting tactics in multi-story buildings. Discrete delivery of fire-extinguishing substances in a container allows to reduce the time of localization of fires in multi-story buildings due to the efficiency of deployment of the installation and accurate delivery through the window opening directly to the center of the fire.

Improving the operational efficiency of control centers for emergency events by using GIS technologies

The object of the study is the functioning of control centers during emergencies. Ukraine has faced large-scale emergency events caused by Russian aggression. The experience of crisis management in emergency events showed the need to find new solutions and improve the activities of emergency management centers at the State Emergency Service of Ukraine and GIS technologies in decision-making support systems. The curent paper has formulated a conceptual model of the work of emergency management centers at the Emergency Service of Ukraine; based on it, their main functions were formed. Identification of risks for objects that carry potential danger was carried out and a block diagram of object risk assessment was developed to improve the work of emergency control centers at the State Emergency Service of Ukraine. An approximate list of software and online resources for the operation of emergency management centers at Emergency Service of Ukraine is provided, which makes it possible to summarize the risks that are present in the given territory, isolate them, and pay special attention to prevent possible consequences from them. Based on the computer software MARPLOT, CAMEO, and ALOHA, an example of response to an emergency event was described. In this case, the weather conditions, physico-chemical parameters of the dangerous substance, and the radii of the danger zones of its distribution and the number of people who need to be evacuated were taken into account. In practice, having this knowledge, a head of the emergency management center at the State Emergency Service of Ukraine will be able to effectively manage people without exposing them to danger, as well as conduct timely evacuation. The use of these programs makes it possible to reduce the time of hazard assessment and visualize them, which creates advantages over the existing methodology of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine in terms of speed of hazard assessment. The results have made it possible to solve the problem of increasing the efficiency of the emergency management centers at the Emergency Service of Ukraine and to create the prerequisites for building a geo-information portal that could combine various methods and techniques on one platform

The peculiarities prevention emergency analysis abroad associated with the underwater location of explosives

Purpose: analysis of the prevention emergencies features of associated with the underwater location of explosive objects in the leading countries of the world.
 Method: the qualitative review of the science sources of the leading countries of the world, which discusses the features of humanitarian underwater demining at the regional level.
 Findings: bibliographic information has been collected and analyzed from 105 sources; based on the results obtained, it was found that until recently, the national armed forces had exclusive experience in destroying underwater explosive objects, and today these dangers are eliminated along with them by various organizations (commercial companies, non-governmental organizations, teams of central and local authorities, etc.).
 Theoretical implications: the method of systematic analysis of information sources by simultaneously considering both military and humanitarian information on issues of underwater demining has been further developed.
 Practical value of the research: the main result of research on the subject of the article is the determination of the need to adjust the activities of the personnel of non-military organizations in addition to the skills that are given during the primary training by specialized units of the navy.
 Value of the research: the process of preventing emergencies related to the underwater location of explosive objects must be considered taking into account the significant differences in the activities of sappers of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine from the activities of sappers of the Navy of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, that have been shown.
 Research Limitations/Future Research: The conclusions drawn may differ from the analysis of the international activities charitable and non-profit organizations engaged in the clearance of mines and unexploded ordnance, which may pose a danger to civilians. Future studies should be related to experimental studies of the activities characteristics of sappers of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine.
 Paper type: Conceptual.

EMERGENCY PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSISTANCE TO VICTIMS OF WAR IN UKRAINE (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE POPULATION OF THE CITY OF BORODYANKA, KYIV REGION)

The article is devoted to the analysis of the peculiarities of the provision of emergency psychological assistance by psychologists of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine to the affected population of Borodyanka, Kyiv region, during military operations in Ukraine in February-April 2022. The purpose and tasks of emergency psychological assistance are highlighted. The stages of providing emergency psychological assistance by psychologists of the State Emergency Service to the affected population of Borodyanka, Kyiv region during military operations in Ukraine have been revealed. Behavioral features of the population were analyzed and mental reactions to military operations were singled out. The practice of providing emergency psychological assistance to victims in the conditions of military operations is given.

Application of the method of territorial long-term forecasts to determine the maximum water discharge rates under the conditions of spring flood 2022-2023 formation across the Desna basin

Despite the conditions of both climate change and long-term trend to decrease of hydrological characteristics of the Ukrainian rivers' spring flood that was established by many authors, the formation of high-water river floods accompanied by rising water levels and release of water to floodplains still remains probable.
 Thus, according to the data of the Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Center (UkrHMC) of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine (web: www.meteo.gov.ua), the hydrometeorological conditions of snowmelt and rain runoff formation during the autumn-winter and spring periods of 2022-2023 across the basins of the Dnipro and Desna rivers and their tributaries were characterized as those having a complex nature. This led to a rise of these rivers' water levels with flooding of floodplains, disruption of transport connections, as well as flooding of populated areas in Kyiv, Chernihiv and other Ukrainian regions.
 The purpose of this study is the issues related to determination of natural factors that lead to extreme large-scale spring floods, and long-term forecasting of maximum runoff of spring floods in 2022-2023 across the Desna River basin.
 To ensure operational forecasting support and assessment of the spring floods size across the basin of the Desna River and other left tributaries of the Middle Dnieper, the research used a method of territorial long-term forecasts of spring floods maximum runoff. The method takes into account a complex of hydrometeorological factors which, when combined annually, lead to the formation of spring floods of different sizes.
 The results of the long-term forecast for maximum water discharge rates during the spring flood in 2022-2023 retrieved from the forecasting computer complex "SEYM" show satisfactory statistical estimates of the forecast for maximum water discharge rates during a spring flood provided that a high pre-flood water content of the rivers during recession of a winter flood is considered. The forecast lead time for maximum water discharge rates of the spring flood in 2022-2023 varied from 20-30 days for small tributaries of the Desna River to two months for the Desna and Seim rivers themselves.
 Application of the method of territorial long-term forecasts of characteristics of river spring floods allows spatial monitoring of the rivers' water content provided that forecasting is conducted using the methodology of maximum water discharge rates for any rivers of a certain territory, including those with relation to which there are no observations of their water runoff.
 An early warning about a dangerous river water level during winter-spring periods can significantly reduce the scale of negative consequences and ensure achievement of socio-economic and environmental effects.

ORGANISATION OF ACCOUNTING AND ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF BUDGETARY FUNDS BY THE UKRAINIAN SSNS

The article summarises and substantiates methodological issues related to improvement of the organisation of the accounting process of budgetary institutions and analyses the use of budgetary funds under conditions of uncertainty (martial law). Based on the materials of reliable accounting and financial statements of the 1st State Fire and Rescue Unit of the Main Directorate of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine in the Dnipro region, methodological approaches to accounting for exchange and non-exchange transactions are determined. The basic principles of accounting organisation and elements of formation of the accounting policy of a strategic budgetary institution are analysed. The form of accounting as locally unified (automated) is evaluated and the accounting registers and their method of formation are presented. The study of the regulation of accounting records has made it possible to identify certain features in terms of regulatory and legislative subordination. In particular, it is emphasised that the Methodological Council on Accounting in the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine contributes to ensuring uniform methodological approaches to the organisation of the accounting process. It is established that the formation of accounting records in the institution is carried out on the basis of the Working Chart of Accounts, which is formed with the preservation of the account classes of the Chart of Accounts in the public sector. It has been proved that local automation of accounting for all business transactions facilitates control over the use of budgetary funds and promotes the introduction of uniform methodological accounting principles. Based on the reliable financial statements of a budgetary institution, an analysis of dynamic changes in the structure of expenditures by elements of expenditures on exchange operations is carried out. The results of the analysis led to forecasts of expenditures for a short-term period of one year.
 The paper develops methodological approaches to forecasting calculations. It proves the impossibility of using trend equations as the main method of forecasting economic phenomena under conditions of uncertainty (martial law). An algorithm for forecasting the volume of expenditures based on the use of the rate of acceleration of dynamics as a multiplier is presented. The methodology of calculation was used in the course of the study and the forecasting of expenditures for the next reporting period was carried out. It is proposed to apply the obtained results as a calculation of the institution's allocation plan for the next reporting period under conditions of uncertainty (martial law).

Hydrochemical characteristics of the Upper reaches of the Tisza River


 
 
 The purpose of this study is to analyse the hydrochemical regime and surface water quality of the upper reaches of the Tisza River from its source to Tiachiv, which also includes the transboundary section of the river. The data of the Borys Sreznevskyi Central Geophysical Observatory of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine for the period 1984-2018, as well as the results of route surveys during 2015-2018 served as materials for the study. The hydrological parameters of the river, in particular the level and flow of water, the distribution of the flow and the change of power sources throughout the year were analysed. Based on of the collected materials, a detailed analysis of the hydrochemical indicators of the water quality of the Tisza, Black Tisza, and White Tisza rivers was carried out. During the research, the natural conditions of the territory and economic activity were studied and their influence on the values of physic-chemical indicators, main ions and mineralization of water, biogenic substances, heavy metals and specific pollutants was analysed. The ratio of seasonal, average annual, average multi-year and maximum permissible concentra-tions (MPC) of hydro-chemical indicators was considered to determine their seasonal variability and multi-year dynamics. The role of natural factors in the formation of the chemical composition of river waters is determined, and the main sources of anthropogenic influence are also indicated. Seasonal variability of the indicated groups of indicators was also analysed considering different phases of river water content. It was determined that the waters of the headwaters of the Tisza River are calcium carbonate, moderately fresh with average mineralization (192-245 mg∙dm-3) and clear seasonal variability. Cases of increased concentrations of nitrogen-containing compounds in the waters of the upper reaches of the Tisza River due to the intensive decomposition of organic substances from house- hold wastewater were revealed. High concentrations of iron in river waters were recorded, which is related to the peculiarities of the geological structure of the territory. The seasonal variability of the content of synthetic surfactants was established. A decrease in the content of specific pollutants during the study period was observed.
 
 

Main mechanisms of state administration regarding the relevance of the development of distance education in the sphere of training of future rescuers of Ukraine during marital state

At the beginning of 2022, Ukraine became a bridgehead and a zone of active hostilities, which determined the lives of its citizens for years to come. The war had a decisive influence on all sectors, including the branches of our state, both in production and in educational processes.
 The significant events that have taken place make us think about the fact that the prospective aspects of education in the universities of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine and the transformation of methods of providing quality education cannot be considered separately from the most important task of providing quality education. This applies both to young people who suffer from a lack of resources or a favorable environment for access to learning and acquiring knowledge, and to teachers and their needs for more effective mastering of new teaching methods. And finally, it concerns the educational community as a whole, including local communities, which directly depends on the continuity of education in an extremely difficult period for the entire Ukrainian community.
 So, the article defines the ways to solve the current scientific problem regarding the formation of innovative systems for the development of state management by distance learning in universities of the State Service of Ukraine for emergency situations during the period of hostilities.
 Person-oriented technologies of the information mechanism of the state management of the development of distance learning are identified, pedagogical technologies are considered, which use well-known didactic principles of distance higher education of Ukraine, taking into account the peculiarities of the training of future rescuers.
 The main principles of distance learning technology based on the state management of the development of distance educational technology, as a set of methods, forms and means of interaction with the learner, where the mastering of the educational array of knowledge is independently controlled in the process, with the aim of obtaining professional skills and abilities, have been considered and improved.
 An analysis of the foreign experience of state management of the development of distance higher education was carried out, which in turn made it possible to determine a number of advantages regarding the training of future rescuers, using distance learning in universities of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine.

WORLD EXPERIENCE IN IMPLEMENTING LEADERSHIP THEORIES IN THE STRATEGY OF TRAINING FUTURE SPECIALISTS OF THE STATE EMERGENCY SERVICE

Abstract: the article studies the world experience of introducing leadership theories into the strategy of training future specialists of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine. It is noted that the introduction of leadership theories into the educational process of higher education institutions with specific learning conditions will ensure the successful formation of leadership development and improvement of professional training of future specialists of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine, which will effectively influence the development strategy of the civil protection system of Ukraine as a whole.

HISTORICAL RETROSPECTIVE OF THE LEADERSHIP PHENOMENON IN THE CONTEXT OF TRAINING FUTURE SPECIALISTS OF THE STATE EMERGENCY SERVICE OF UKRAINE

Abstract: the article studies the historical retrospective of the phenomenon of leadership by domestic and foreign scientists in the context of training future specialists of the State Emergency Service. It was noted that the formation of leadership in future specialists in higher education institutions with specific training conditions should be based on improving the system of activities of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine, the formation of the necessary educational environment that will contribute to improving the legislative framework, economic mechanisms of civil protection, leadership development and improving the professional training of future specialists of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine.

SOME ASPECTS OF THE LATEST FLOODING IN THE KHERSON REGION

Problem Description and Purpose of the Study. This article examines the problem of flooding of settlements in the Kherson region. The purpose of the study is to identify the latest risks of flooding of populated areas in the Kherson region and to formulate a list of measures aimed at reducing the threats and consequences of flooding. Data & Methods. The research used data from the Kherson Regional Center for Hydrometeorology; Main Department of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine in the Kherson Region; The Department of Civil Protection of the Kherson Regional State Administration, the Office of the Kakhovskaya HPP. Among the research methods, the comparative method, cartographic and geo-informational methods, correlational, expert method were used. Results. Kherson region has the largest share of irrigated land among all regions of Ukraine. This fact, as well as the presence of significant waterless areas, reductions in the relief with the release of groundwater and water loss along the main irrigation canals, leads to constant flooding of certain areas. The most affected areas arelocated in the paludal depressions and coastal lowlands. Due to the strengthening of the continentality of the climate, the precipitation regime is also changing. The territory is characterised by summer-autumn rains with daily precipitation above 30 mm, which causes sudden flooding of downgrades and rise of groundwater in these periods. In order to monitor the potential risk of flooding, it is proposed to monitor interdependence: the water level of the Kakhovka Water Reservoir – the level of groundwater. Although this dependence has a deferred character, thus it is confirmed every year. There are four irrigation systems in the region: North Crimean, Kakhovka, Inhulets and Pravoberezhia (Right-Bank). Each year, the area of irrigated land increases from 0.1 to 1.0 thousand hectares, which significantly increases the risks of flooding in combination with the frequency of heavy rainfall. In a number of settlements with a high probability of flooding, a system of vertical and horizontal drainage has been built, but it requires constant maintenance and usually does not cope with its tasks.