State Emergency Service Of Ukraine Research Articles

GEOINFORMATION SUPPORT FOR DEMINING THE TERRITORIES OF THE KHARKIV REGION

Modern conflicts and military actions result in massive landmine laying, making them dangerous for civilians. After the completion of hostilities, there is an urgent need to clear these areas to restore human life and infrastructure. The article presents the application of geographic information systems (GIS) and databases for the inventory and management of explosive ordnance data in post-conflict areas using the example of the Kharkiv region. The paper explains the structure and functioning of the explosive ordnance database, designed to optimise the demining process and increase its efficiency and safety. The explosive object database receives information from various sources, including mobile groups of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine, the National Police, and other units. The primary tool for fixing the coordinates of explosive objects is GPS devices. The database contains information about the coordinates of unexploded ordnance, their type, condition, date of discovery, the group that discovered it, and other information. The database allows searching and filtering of explosive objects by various criteria, generating reports on the number and types of explosives found in different areas of the region. Also, it is possible to visualise the data from the database on maps to enhance understanding of the distribution of explosive objects. Using the database can significantly improve the planning and coordination of demining work, track the progress of demining, assess the resources required for demining, warn the civilian population about the danger, analyse risks, conduct statistical analysis, report to the authorities, and train sappers. Implementing such a database will allow optimising demining planning, increasing the safety of sappers, and accelerating the restoration of a safe life for the population. The technology’s adaptability also means it can be utilised in other post-conflict regions, highlighting its potential for broader application. This system underscores the importance of integrating modern technological solutions in addressing the challenges of post-conflict reconstruction and safety. Keywords: geographic information systems, database, explosive ordnance, demining, security, recovery.

DEVELOPMENT OF STANDARDS FOR ASSESSING THE LEVEL OF PREPAREDNESS OF EXPLOSIVE ORDNANCE DISPOSAL TECHNICIANS FOR PUTTING ON A SET OF ARMOUR AND RADIATION PROTECTION EQUIPMENT

An urgent and unsolved part of the problem of humanitarian demining of radiation-affected areas by specially trained specialists is the scientific and methodological apparatus of substantiation of standards for assessing the level of preparedness of explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) technicians for putting on a set of armour and radiation protection equipment. According to the results of an experimental study, the authors established that the change in the time of putting on a set of armour and radiation protection equipment is exponential depending on the level of readiness of EOD technicians preparing for humanitarian demining in a radiation-contaminated area. The experiment participants put on a set of armour and radiation protection equipment consecutively for six days (one attempt each day). It is worth noting that with a significance level of a = 0.05, starting from the third attempt, the time EOD technicians put on armour and radiation protection equipment can be considered constant. Based on the experimental results obtained in the third and fourth attempts, we developed standards for assessing the level of preparedness of EOD technicians of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine for putting on a set of armour and radiation protection gear. For this, we used an adapted statistical method for substantiating the standards, which featured the use of weighted average estimates of the fractions (frequencies) of the performance time that fall within the intervals of the excellent standard, as well as between the ‘excellent’ and ‘good’ and ‘good’ and ‘satisfactory’ standards. We determined that for the case of a combination of an L-1 protective suit, armour protection such as a protective vest of the IV protection level, an armoured helmet of the III-A protection level, and a filter gas mask of the GP-5 type, the time for executing this operation could be estimated starting from the third attempt using the following standards: ‘excellent’ – 155 seconds, ‘good’ – 185 seconds, and ‘satisfactory’ – 220 seconds. Keywords: standard, armour and radiation protection equipment, demining, radioactive contamination, experiment.

Nutrient and organic substances emissions from diffuse sources to the rivers of Ukrainian Carpathians

Formulation of the problem. The transition from territorial-administrative to basin-based water resources management in Ukraine requires an assessment of the load of water bodies with pollutants from diffuse and point sources. Among the various components of the chemical composition of water entering water bodies, organic matter and nutrients are the most important. The Danube is the second largest river in Europe, with a basin covering the territories of 19 countries and is an important transportation waterway. Within Ukraine, the Danube is divided into the Lower Danube sub-catchment and the Tisza, Prut, and Siret River basins within the Carpathian region. The scientific results presented in this paper were obtained during research within the framework of state budgetary research works of the UHMI, the implementation of which will contribute to the further development of knowledge in the field of hydrometeorology. The results presented in the publication are important for supplementing information when writing the Danube River Basin Management Plan, which is being developed in accordance with Ukraine's obligations under the Association Agreement with the European Union. Aim of the study. To calculate the supply of nutrients and organic matter from diffuse sources to the rivers of the Danube basin within the Ukrainian Carpathians. Methods. Monitoring data of organic substances and nutrients provided by the Danube Hydrometeorological Observatory (the state surface water monitoring network of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine) for 2018 were used for calculations. To assess the load of water bodies by diffuse sources, a conceptual scheme was developed that allowed to take into account the main pathways of substances supply, i.e precipitation; water runoff from arable land, forests, meadows and pastures, built-up areas, rock outcrops, as well as from the population of rural regions without sewage systems. Scientific novelty. For the first time: the load of nutrients and organic matter in the Danube rivers within the Ukrainian Carpathians by the sources of their income was evaluated; it was found that agricultural land is the main source of emissions of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus compounds. Practical value. The analysis of the diffuse load by nutrients and organic matter in the Danube rivers can be used as an important part of the River Basin Management Plan. The results of the calculations can also be used to develop measures to achieve certain environmental objectives. Results. The main source of organic matter in the water of rivers of the Carpathian region ere agricultural enterprises locating within rural settlements that are not equipped with sewage systems. Surface water of Prut and Tisza River basins is the most polluted by organic matter. By source, the nutrient emissions are distributed as follows. For the Tisza and Prut rivers, more than 50% of the total nitrogen compounds emissions come from agricultural land, while for the Siret River the source of nitrogen compounds are forests (46% of the total nitrogen emissions). Accordingly, the total phosphorus runoff for the Tisza and Prut rivers was distributed as follows: the dominant share (up to 45%) comes from agricultural land, the load caused by population not connected to the sewerage systems is 36%. For the Siret River, agricultural land and forested areas are of equal shares (33%) among the sources of phosphorus compounds.

TECHNIQUE OF LAND RECULTIVATION OF PLACES OF AMMUNITION DISPOSAL AND DESTRUCTION

The relevance of the research and the need to develop methods that allow restoring the lands of the ammunition disposal and destruction sites during the application of measures for their recultivation are shown. The criteria for evaluating the safety level of the process of recultivation of the lands of the ammunition disposal and destruction sites based on the use of a regulatory approach and significant indicators were determined, namely: the probability of an explosion, the amount of excessive pressure in the air shock wave, and the level of degradation of the lands of the ammunition disposal and destruction sites. For the first time the technique of land recultivation of places of ammunition disposal and destruction was developed. It includes three stages: Stage 1 – monitoring of land of places of ammunition disposal and destruction based on unmanned aviation monitoring system; Stage 2 – demining of land of ammunition disposal and destruction by specialized pyrotechnic units of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine using the results of the monitoring conducted at Stage 1; Stage 3 – biological treatment of land of the ammunition disposal and destruction using the phytoremediation method.

STUDY OF THE ROLE OF ALTERNATIVE FUELS IN THE ENERGY BALANCE OF UKRAINE AND THE COUNTRIES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION DURING ARMED AGGRESSION AND IN THE POST-WAR RECONSTRUCTION OF THE COUNTRY'S ECONOMY AND INFRASTRUCTURE

In the article, which shows the results of the authors' own research, the purpose of which was to identify the quantitative and qualitative aspects of the role of alternative fuels in the energy balance of Ukraine and the countries of the European Union during the times of armed aggression and in the post-war reconstruction of the country's economy and infrastructure, the following tasks were consistently solved: analysis of the consumption of energy resources in the world and in Ukraine and the use of alternative types of fuel in transport; analysis of the nomenclature and properties of fuels of non-petroleum origin. The object of the study is the role of alternative fuels in the energy balance of Ukraine and the countries of the European Union. The subject of the study is quantitative and qualitative aspects of the object of the study at the time of armed aggression and in the post-war reconstruction of the country's economy and infrastructure. The scientific novelty of the research results is that the notion of the applicability of various types of alternative motor fuels for powering the power plants with reciprocating internal combustion engines, in particular the FERV units of the units of the SES of Ukraine, has gained further development, in terms of their solving problems both during the times of armed aggression and during the period of post-war reconstruction of the country's economy and infrastructure. The practical significance of the research results is that the results of a comparative analysis of the nomenclature, properties and prospects for the use of various types of alternative motor fuels for powering power plants with reciprocating internal combustion engines are suitable for use in the developing of strategic foundations for the functioning of the fire and emergency-rescue vehicles units of departments of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine during armed aggression and during the period of post-war reconstruction of the country's economy and infrastructure.

Peculiarities of Professional Training of Civil Defence Specialists in Ukraine Under a Martial Law

The State Emergency Service of Ukraine is a central executive body directed and coordinated by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine through the Minister of Internal Affairs and implementing the state policy in the field of civil defence, protection of the people and territories from emergencies and prevention of their occurrence, elimination of the consequences of emergencies, rescue, firefighting, fire, and industrial safety, activities of emergency services, and hydrometeorological activities. This institution has two higher education schools offering BA training for civil defence bodies and units. At the same time, Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has led to a number of changes in educational training programs for civil defence specialists. Understanding the current threats and recognizing the role of civil defence requires revision of the standards of all specialties, in particular in terms of awareness and preparedness for emergency situations, as well as separation of a set of knowledge, competencies and skills into a separate specialty “civil defence”.

Preventive Function In Social Media Posts On Safety And Emergency Situations

Introduction. In times of martial law, there is a noticeable demand for preventive media texts particularly in social networks informing the community about safety rules and emergency situations. Research relevance. The Media Relations Department at the State Emergency Service of Ukraine or SESoU prevents or mitigates a potential crisis by informing community about safety rules and regulations. While following the general media standards, in the period of martial law the procedure of informing the public of emergency has several specific features. Research Methods. The analytical-synthetic method has been used to explore the research background and define the main terms. The method of synthesis and generalization has optimized the theoretical outline. The interview has been used to survey the State Emergency Service employees. The observation and information products analysis method has been used to evaluate the content. Results. The phenomenon of preventive is substantiated as an interdisciplinary category that serves as an effective mechanism for preventing undesirable consequences and situations. The experience that the regional head departments of State Emergency Service of Ukraine have regarding public preventive information has been studied. The advantages to using social networks to provide prevention and advert risks have been described. The genre-compositional nature used in posts has been studied. The preventive or informational and explanatory types of posts have been identified. Conclusions. In order to objectively inform and preventively alert citizens to safety rules and emergency situations, it is necessary to actively leverage the potential of social media. Posts should be regularly prepared and published, and materials should be accompanied by the author’s photos and videos, which will help keep the feed active. The social media posts have been interpreted according to their genre characteristics as informational, emotional, ritualistic, exploratory, and argumentative. The preventive, or informational, genre is identified, that is aimed at providing unbiased information about a certain event, phenomenon, fact, and explaining the rules of safety compliance. In terms of composition, posts have a title, the main body, and a conclusion.

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The author proves the relevance of the study of substantiation of the theoretical foundations of interaction between the National Guard of Ukraine and the State Emergency Service of Ukraine in the course of joint emergency response activities. A legal analysis is carried out, and the main tasks of the National Guard of Ukraine within its competence to organize this interaction are identified. The author analyzes the theoretical foundations of interaction organization used in the theory and practice of management and identifies the relevant fundamental features of interaction between the National Guard of Ukraine and the State Emergency Service of Ukraine in the implementation of joint emergency response measures. Based on the theory of interaction of organizational systems, the main elements of interaction are substantiated. These conclusions are the basis for improving the effectiveness of the State emergency response mechanisms.

Професійне вигорання працівників органів та підрозділів Державної служби України з надзвичайних ситуацій

Every day, employees of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine perform complex tasks of eliminating the consequences of rocket attacks, clearing debris, rescuing Ukrainian citizens, and ensuring the protection of the population and territories from emergencies. An important scientific and psychological area is the research of the peculiarities of professional burnout of employees of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine in order to develop vectors of psychological correction and psycho-correction in case of its occurrence.The scientific article presents a structural and functional model of the socio-psychological features of professional burnout of employees of the organs and units of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine.The supporting structures for the design of the structural and functional model were: Rybalka-Shevtsov's four-dimensional personality structure and the structural and functional model of psychological mechanisms of social adaptation of young people with musculoskeletal disabilities by I. Chukhriy and A. Shevtsov.Professional burnout is presented in the structural-functional model in the context of considering socio-psychological adaptation (socio-psychological adaptation, resilience, self-efficacy) and socio-psychological maladjustment (socio-psychological maladjustment, professional burnout).External factors that influence the formation of professional burnout among employees of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine include education (availability of secondary specialized, higher, secondary general education); specialized training (peculiarities of training of employees of organs and units of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine); work experience; marital status; and extreme working conditions.Individual psychological factors are grouped as follows: emotional-affective (emotional comfort/emotional discomfort, situational anxiety, personal anxiety, depression, aggressiveness, hostility); communicative (leadership, sociability, reflectivity); cognitive (cognitive processes, reflectivity); behavioral (dominance, escapism, prominence, dependence/independence, sociability/unsociability); motivational and volitional (internal control/external control, prominence, acceptance of struggle/rejection of struggle).The personality structure itself is presented as follows: age, genetic dimension, individual psychological dimension, and activity dimension.It is important to note that the proposed structural-functional model demonstrates the interconnection of all its structural components, and its ascending core is the structure of the specialist's personality, which is formed in the age, genetic, individual psychological and activity dimensions. Through the individual psychological dimension, we have the opportunity to explore the individual psychological factors that influence the emergence of professional burnout as a component of the process of socio-psychological maladjustment, or the formation of socio-psychological adaptability, resilience and self-efficacy as components of socio-psychological adaptation. The external (social) factors that demonstrate the social conditions for the emergence of professional burnout or can act as factors that prevent its emergence (family, career growth opportunities, etc.) are of great importance in the proposed model.

Humanitarian demining: How can UAVs and Internet of Things help?

The history of active mine use spans nearly two centuries. In this relatively short historical period, mines have become a global problem. Explosive objects and mines, remnants of wars and military conflicts, continue to pose a threat to people residing in these areas for a long time. As of the beginning of 2023, the State Emergency Service of Ukraine reported that approximately 40% of the territory (over 250,000 km2) had been mined. In terms of the extent of mined land, the United Nations classifies Ukraine among the most heavily mined countries. The scale of mine contamination surpasses countries where military conflicts have lasted for decades. The invention and improvement of mines have contributed to the development of methods to counter them. Today, more than fifty different methods and their modifications are known, but none guarantee a 100% success rate, underscoring the relevance of further scientific research. The creation and use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been a significant breakthrough in the field of intellectual achievements. Innovations manifest in all aspects, from modern composite materials to state-of-the-art navigation equipment and software. UAVs are actively deployed in various areas of human activity, demonstrating excellent results. The primary advantage of UAVs in humanitarian demining is the safety they provide, allowing individuals to operate in hazardous conditions beyond physiological and psychophysiological capabilities. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a relatively new combination of information and telecommunications technologies whose popularity is rapidly growing, opening up previously unexplored possibilities for practical applications. UAV and IoT technologies do not fall into the traditional classification of humanitarian demining methods. However, they serve as a connecting link for implementing, based on them or with their direct participation, other technological solutions (including geoinformation system (GIS), neural networks, artificial intelligence, Big Data, etc.). The prospects of implementing 5G communication networks in Ukraine will enhance spatial accuracy when combining both technologies, which is especially crucial for humanitarian demining. The recent advancements in communication technologies, such as 5G, and programs like the IoT, play a crucial role in aerial communication using UAVs. Depending on the application and operational region, UAVs have also been utilized to enhance coverage and throughput in 5G wireless communication. In such cases, UAVs act as intermediate nodes or flying base stations. This helps conduct operations in remote and challenging-to-reach locations. The idea of integrating cloud computing with UAVs enhances their role by providing additional computational capabilities.

APPLICATION OF DISTANCE EDUCATION IN THE PROCESS OF TRAINING OF FUTURE QUALIFIED WORKERS OF THE OPERATIONAL AND RESCUE SERVICE OF THE CIVIL DEFENSE OF UKRAINE

The article substantiates the peculiarities of the use of elements of distance learning during the study of the disciplines of civil protection and life safety in vocational and technical educational institutions. The advantages that e-learning provides to students and the directions for improving the training process in operational and rescue work to ensure the quality of knowledge are determined.The subject of the article is distance learning technologies used in the educational process. The topic of the article is the state and prospects of the introduction of distance learning technologies in the educational process of the training centers of the emergency and rescue units of the special purpose Main Departments of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine in the regions. The purpose of the article is to define a rational approach to the implementation of the «blended learning» model in educational institutions. The application of the obtained results will create prerequisites for the full implementation of distance learning technologies in the educational activities of the training centers of the emergency and rescue units of the special purpose of the Main Departments of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine in the regions in the preparation of future qualified workers of the operational and rescue service of the civil protection «without separation from service».Keywords: skilled workers, operational and rescue service of civil protection of Ukraine, distance learning, training of future skilled workers, improvement of the educational process, innovative technologies.

QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF THE DISCIPLINE «FIRE AND RESCUE EQUIPMENT»

This article is aimed at conducting a comprehensive analysis of the course «Fire and Rescue Equipment» taught in the 4th year (7th semester) at the National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine. The course is intended for students majoring in Fire Safety, Fire Safety and Fire Fighting and Rescue Operations. The discipline is worth 3 ECTS credits and has 40 classroom hours, including 14 hours of lectures and 26 hours of practical classes. The course covers a wide range of topics, including the operation of firefighting equipment, vehicle maintenance, road safety, and the operation of firefighting equipment. The anonymous survey of offline cadets, which involved 97 respondents out of a total of 105, included an assessment of such parameters as the usefulness of the course for future service, the adequacy of the number of classroom hours, the logical structure of the course, the quality of teaching, the availability of the instructor for consultations, the effectiveness of the assessment system, etc. The survey results indicate a high assessment of the course’s usefulness for future service in the units of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine (SESU), which was expressed by 79.4% of participants. However, problems were identified with the availability of the lecturer for consultations and the instability of the OpenTEST 2.3.0 testing system, which led to difficulties in assessing students’ knowledge. The findings indicate the need to focus on the practical component of learning, improve the material and technical base for learning the subject, and change the assessment system. The respondents also suggested increasing the number of practical classes and improving the assessment system. The main conclusion of the study is to emphasise the importance of improving the educational process based on the opinions of the student audience to increase the effectiveness of teaching the course «Fire and Rescue Equipment».

A hardware and software complex for adaptive monitoring of a limited ecosystem with a cloud segment

In modern conditions, as Ukraine faces numerous challenges in the fields of ecology and security, the development of comprehensive monitoring methods for restricted ecosystems becomes increasingly relevant. The research resulted in the creation of a decomposed model for data movement within this closed system, featuring a modular structure. This is a crucial aspect for the rapid expansion of the existing system's functionality and the hot swapping of complex components. Upon reviewing the issue, it was determined that the methods of adaptive monitoring research for restricted ecosystems using special services on the potentially dangerous objects and objects of critical infrastructure were not sufficiently effective. The authors proposed, modeled, and developed a new hardware-software complex that enables the implementation of a set of tools specifically tailored for monitoring in areas of anthropogenic pollution. The optimal set of sensors for the sensor module was enhanced. A unique superposition of local and cloud solutions for data accumulation, analysis, processing, and visualization is recommended for further work in this and related fields. The integration of a new solution stack in the sub-gigahertz range, with the extension of the spectrum, distinguishes the project with resilience, while the Advanced Encryption Standard adaptation implements mid-attack protection. The expected effect of implementing the multisensory system lies in the early detection of emergency situation factors, forecasting, and decision-making regarding the elimination of the arising danger, as well as the prompt involvement of relevant units of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine and other government structures. The simple implementation mechanism of the system ensures scalability and the quick replacement of key elements.

Foreign experience in training operators of the Emergency Assistance System for the population via a single telephone number 112

For a person who finds himself in a situation where there is a threat to his life or health, or the life or health of his relatives, the time within which the competent authorities will come to his aid is critically important. In order to respond to emergencies in a timely manner, Ukraine has established a mechanism for responding to citizens' appeals. This mechanism includes the State Emergency Service of Ukraine, the National Police of Ukraine, emergency (ambulance) medical care, emergency gas service and other emergency services. However, it is not entirely convenient to call these services for help, as the call is made by different phone numbers and in situations where a variety of phone numbers will lead to a loss of time and serious consequences.
 Ukraine's integration into the European community requires our country to review the mechanisms for protecting a person in an emergency situation. It is established that the main purpose of implementing the system of emergency assistance to the single telephone number 112 in Ukraine is to provide timely assistance to European level with the ability to communicate in foreign languages, prompt involvement of necessary emergency services, which is a decisive factor in providing assistance, emergency response.
 The article also considers the issues of training employees who receive calls to the single emergency number «112», their interaction with each other during the performance of duties at emergency response centers, as well as their interaction with employees who directly provide assistance to scene. It is established that the training of operators who organize the rescue operation is carried out at the police academy.
 The training system for 112 Centre operators in Estonia is one of the best in the world and can be borrowed for implementation in Ukraine. At the same time, the «Emergency Assistance System for the Population via a Single Phone Number 112» is a rather complex mechanism for the implementation of which, in addition to analysing positive foreign experience, it is necessary to involve a fairly wide range of specialists from various fields, and therefore to create an appropriate regulatory framework to regulate the interaction between different response services.

Досвід застосовування теплових акумуляторів в умовах блекауту

This study is the first and so far the only one in Ukraine dedicated to the experience of using mobile thermal energy storage in emergencies, in particular blackouts. The article considers the issue of ensuring energy security. The classification of heat storage system parameters is given. The considered model of an autonomous heating system with a heat storage system. The impact on the thermal energy storage heating system with different designs of heat generators and fuel types is shown. The results of the operation of a combined system consisting of an autonomous heating system of a separate building equipped with an electric boiler and thermal energy storage are presented. Thermal energy storage is used not only as a buffer between the heat generator and the heating system but also as a source of heat. Integrating the thermal energy storage into the building's heating system ensures constant heat supply to the building, 100% coverage of peak dynamic loads, halving the boiler unit capacity and operating costs by 20%. It has been proven that the presence of thermal energy storage allows solving the problem of providing a stable heat supply in the conditions of a power outage. A detailed description of the conducted study of methods and equipment used during field operation and data processing is given. The results of the field tests of the thermal energy storage in winter operation conditions are provided. Features of the use of the controller for monitoring the heating system's operation with thermal energy storage are provided. The results of field tests are given. An analysis of the received data was carried out. Formulated directions for further scientific research, development, and practical recommendations for the use of mobile heat accumulators in the national economy and the state emergency service of Ukraine. Economic criteria and efficiency criteria aimed at reducing operational costs are considered. The obtained research results can be used to predict the operation of heating and cooling systems equipped with thermal energy storage. Keywords: Heating system, security, blackout, thermal energy storage, monitoring.

ПРОБЛЕМАТИКА ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНОГО ЗОНУВАННЯ ГРОМАДСЬКОГО ПРОСТОРУ УНІВЕРСИТЕТІВ. НА ПРИКЛАДІ М. ЛЬВОВА

The article is devoted to the research of problems of the functional and planning structure of existing objects of publicly accessible public spaces within the university campuses of the city of Lviv and identifying the main trends in their design and successful functioning. Based on the analysis of the scientific publications and studies that related to this topic, the main aspects of the formation of public space at the universities were presented. Thousands of students enter the universities of Ukraine every year, and all of them daily use the public spaces next to the university buildings, which are the important places for social interaction and communication of students. It is worth noting that the main criterion for the success of public university spaces is the high intensity of their use, which is determined in foreign experience by the involvement of catering and trade establishments in the functional filling of campuses. There are an important arguments, the everyday access and working mode without days off, a large number of incoming groups and to use educational zones with flexible planning in planning structure. While the domestic public spaces at universities operate sporadically, the first floors are equipped with one entrance group, which reduces the number of pedestrian transit connections with the building, and outdated approaches are used to design even modern university public spaces for students. A field survey and analysis of the territory of the academic campuses of Lviv Polytechnic National University, Stepan Gzhitskyi Lviv National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Lviv State University of Life Safety of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine was conducted. The main shortcomings of the functioning and operation of these territories were identified and highlighted.

STUDY OF FIRE LOCATION TIME IN HIGH-STORY BUILDINGS IN CITIES OF UKRAINE

The effectiveness of extinguishing a fire depends on the speed of arrival of fire and rescue units at the scene and the time it will take to deliver the "first" barrel (extinguishing agent) to the location. The rapid supply of fire extinguishing agent gives a chance to localize and then eliminate the fire in the initial phase, although the result depends significantly on the action in the "first minutes of the fire". The urban settlements into appropriate groups based on population and territory using methods of cluster analysis were divided. One settlement was selected from each group of cities, and then data on fires for the period of 2020 was processed. The statistical data obtained from the operational coordination centers of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine in the cities of Kyiv, Kharkiv, Poltava, and Berdyansk, which characterize the process of extinguishing fires, namely the time of arrival of fire and rescue units at the scene of the fire, the time of localization of the fire and the area of the fire, were analyzed. Statistical data were selected only for high-rise buildings. The interrelationship of the following parameters was established: burning area, building floor, time of fire localization. The obtained static data indicate that the area of fire and the time of localization increases on average from 3.5 to 6 times. The result of the data analysis provides a clear understanding of the need to improve the available means and methods (tactics) of extinguishing fires in multi-story buildings. We proposed to use the Typhoon-10 impulse fire extinguisher, which has been converted into a pneumatic gun for the discrete delivery of fire extinguishing substances placed in a special container, as the basis of firefighting tactics in multi-story buildings. Discrete delivery of fire-extinguishing substances in a container allows to reduce the time of localization of fires in multi-story buildings due to the efficiency of deployment of the installation and accurate delivery through the window opening directly to the center of the fire.

Improving the operational efficiency of control centers for emergency events by using GIS technologies

The object of the study is the functioning of control centers during emergencies. Ukraine has faced large-scale emergency events caused by Russian aggression. The experience of crisis management in emergency events showed the need to find new solutions and improve the activities of emergency management centers at the State Emergency Service of Ukraine and GIS technologies in decision-making support systems. The curent paper has formulated a conceptual model of the work of emergency management centers at the Emergency Service of Ukraine; based on it, their main functions were formed. Identification of risks for objects that carry potential danger was carried out and a block diagram of object risk assessment was developed to improve the work of emergency control centers at the State Emergency Service of Ukraine. An approximate list of software and online resources for the operation of emergency management centers at Emergency Service of Ukraine is provided, which makes it possible to summarize the risks that are present in the given territory, isolate them, and pay special attention to prevent possible consequences from them. Based on the computer software MARPLOT, CAMEO, and ALOHA, an example of response to an emergency event was described. In this case, the weather conditions, physico-chemical parameters of the dangerous substance, and the radii of the danger zones of its distribution and the number of people who need to be evacuated were taken into account. In practice, having this knowledge, a head of the emergency management center at the State Emergency Service of Ukraine will be able to effectively manage people without exposing them to danger, as well as conduct timely evacuation. The use of these programs makes it possible to reduce the time of hazard assessment and visualize them, which creates advantages over the existing methodology of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine in terms of speed of hazard assessment. The results have made it possible to solve the problem of increasing the efficiency of the emergency management centers at the Emergency Service of Ukraine and to create the prerequisites for building a geo-information portal that could combine various methods and techniques on one platform

The peculiarities prevention emergency analysis abroad associated with the underwater location of explosives

Purpose: analysis of the prevention emergencies features of associated with the underwater location of explosive objects in the leading countries of the world.
 Method: the qualitative review of the science sources of the leading countries of the world, which discusses the features of humanitarian underwater demining at the regional level.
 Findings: bibliographic information has been collected and analyzed from 105 sources; based on the results obtained, it was found that until recently, the national armed forces had exclusive experience in destroying underwater explosive objects, and today these dangers are eliminated along with them by various organizations (commercial companies, non-governmental organizations, teams of central and local authorities, etc.).
 Theoretical implications: the method of systematic analysis of information sources by simultaneously considering both military and humanitarian information on issues of underwater demining has been further developed.
 Practical value of the research: the main result of research on the subject of the article is the determination of the need to adjust the activities of the personnel of non-military organizations in addition to the skills that are given during the primary training by specialized units of the navy.
 Value of the research: the process of preventing emergencies related to the underwater location of explosive objects must be considered taking into account the significant differences in the activities of sappers of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine from the activities of sappers of the Navy of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, that have been shown.
 Research Limitations/Future Research: The conclusions drawn may differ from the analysis of the international activities charitable and non-profit organizations engaged in the clearance of mines and unexploded ordnance, which may pose a danger to civilians. Future studies should be related to experimental studies of the activities characteristics of sappers of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine.
 Paper type: Conceptual.

EMERGENCY PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSISTANCE TO VICTIMS OF WAR IN UKRAINE (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE POPULATION OF THE CITY OF BORODYANKA, KYIV REGION)

The article is devoted to the analysis of the peculiarities of the provision of emergency psychological assistance by psychologists of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine to the affected population of Borodyanka, Kyiv region, during military operations in Ukraine in February-April 2022. The purpose and tasks of emergency psychological assistance are highlighted. The stages of providing emergency psychological assistance by psychologists of the State Emergency Service to the affected population of Borodyanka, Kyiv region during military operations in Ukraine have been revealed. Behavioral features of the population were analyzed and mental reactions to military operations were singled out. The practice of providing emergency psychological assistance to victims in the conditions of military operations is given.