State Emergency Service Of Ukraine Research Articles

Районування гірської річки для цілей цивільного захисту та екологічної безпеки (на прикладі р. Тисмениця)

У статті розглядаються результати районування русла р. Тисмениця методом ієрархічного кластерного аналізу.Обґрунтоване районування русла річки дає змогу створювати гнучкі та адресні системи запобігання зниженню рівня екологічної безпеки та виникненню надзвичайних ситуацій. На підставі отриманих результатів кластерного аналізу макрокомпонентів обґрунтоване виокремлення трьох ділянок річки: верхньої, середньої та пригирлової, а за результатами кластерного аналізу вмісту забруднюючих компонентів – двох ділянок: пригирлової та верхньої й середньої. Обґрунтовано зв’язок між геологічною будовою території досліджень та зміною макрокомпонентного складу вод річки. Подано рекомендації для служб цивільного захисту щодо використання результатів наведених у статті досліджень.

Current problems of outlining the list of law enforcement agencies of Ukraine: theoretical and legal principles and significance for law-enforcement practice (on the example of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine)

It is emphasized that the current legislation uses the terms "law enforcement agency", "law enforcement officer", which is directly correlated with law enforcement activities, which in turn indicates the unconditional relevance of the current study. This article analyzes the current legislation in order to separate law enforcement agencies from other government agencies, in order to assign certain positions of government agencies to law enforcement officers. As a result, the imperfections of the definitions of Ukrainian legislation for unambiguous identification of both law enforcement activities and the list of law enforcement agencies have been established. Theoretical and legal bases for establishing the affiliation of a state body to the list of law enforcement agencies in terms of practical implementation of current regulations are obtained by assessing the status of the Civil Service of Ukraine for Emergencies, namely: the assignment of a body to law enforcement should be carried out separately , taking into account the legal position (status) of such body defined in normative legal acts; if the endowment of a certain entity with the status of a law enforcement body has not occurred normatively, it is necessary to proceed from the analysis of the purpose (tasks) and basic functions assigned to a particular body and, accordingly, the powers vested in such a body It has been proved that SES bodies do not belong to law enforcement bodies, as they belong to the unified state system of civil protection (SES bodies are not assigned law enforcement tasks and / or functions; they are not endowed with law enforcement powers), and their officials cannot be recognized as law enforcement officers. body. It is emphasized that the legal approach proposed by the author to establish the affiliation of a state body to the list of "law enforcement agencies" may be fully applicable to other subjects of power, which in the future will provide an opportunity to outline the comprehensive range of law enforcement agencies in Ukraine.

ВНУТРІШНІЙ КОНТРОЛЬ – АТРИБУТ ЕФЕКТИВНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ БЮДЖЕТНОЮ УСТАНОВОЮ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ СЛУЖБИ УКРАЇНИ З НАДЗВИЧАЙНИХ СИТУАЦІЙ

Одним із завдань сталого розвитку суспільства є децентралізація управління в державному секторі, тобто делегування повноважень щодо прийняття управлінських рішень центральними органами виконавчої влади на місця. Реалізація децентралізованого управління можлива завдяки належним чином організованому внутрішньому контролі. Адже, зазначений контроль надає впевненість головним розпорядникам бюджетних коштів, що всі прийняті управлінські рішення на місцях є обґрунтованими та виваженими. Крім того, в сучасних умовах функціонування бюджетних установ з обмеженими ресурсами постає важливе завдання з пошуку можливих шляхів заощадження таких ресурсів та ефективного їх використання.
 У статті відзначено, що організація системи внутрішнього контролю в бюджетній установі сприятиме прийняттю економічно обґрунтованих, результативних, ефективних управлінських рішень з дотриманням вимог чинного законодавства щодо використання матеріальних, фінансових чи інших ресурсів бюджетної установи, які є обмеженими. Автором досліджено походження терміну «внутрішній контроль» та наявні у міжнародній практиці моделі внутрішнього контролю. Порівняння моделей COSO та COSO ERМ зображено графічно. Стаття відображає коротку історію запровадження системи внутрішнього контролю у нормативно-правових актах України. Також даний науковий доробок містить розкриті питання організації внутрішнього контрою безпосередньо в бюджетній установі з особливим місцем ідентифікації та оцінки ризиків в даному процесі. Зазначено важливість організації та забезпечення належного рівня функціонування внутрішнього контролю бюджетними установами системи Державної служби України з надзвичайних ситуацій, адже на них покладено функції з питань цивільного захисту. Вплив внутрішнього контролю на ефективність управління бюджетною установою проілюстровано в статті графічно.

Особливості формування готовності до професійної комунікації у майбутніх офіцерів служби цивільного захисту

Literature review was conducted to gather evidence-based materials that address strategies to promote readiness for professionally oriented activities. The purpose of the article is to emphasize the importance of communicative training in departmental educational institutions and to determine factors which affect readiness for communication and increase its effectiveness. The overall study objective is to theoretically substantiate and experimentally test the author’s model of the system of professionally oriented communicative training of future civil protection service officers in the institutions of higher education of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine. To achieve the purpose of research the following methods have been applied: theoretical; method of theoretical modeling; empirical. Research was carried out on the basis of departmental higher educational institutions of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine. 422 cadets, 163 teachers and officers were involved at various stages of the research. The author’s structural-functional model of professionally oriented communicative training of cadets in departmental institutions is introduced. The model has an appropriate structure of interconnected structural components, content and characteristics of which are described. The author distinguishes and substantiates the following subsystems of the model: target, conceptual-strategic, organizational-designing, procedural-technological, control-evaluation and resultative. The contributing factors to effective communicative training of future officers have been summarized: formation of a value attitude to future profession; introduction of interactive teaching methods; improvement of teaching and methodical provision; optimization of the subject-subjective interaction of participants in the educational process during simulated situations of professional communication. The study confirmed validity of the author's model.

EFFICIENCY EVALUATION OF FIRE THERMAL IMAGING CAMERAS IN THE FIRE MODULE

The issue of selection and evaluation of fire thermal imaging cameras (TICs) is new for the personnel of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine (SES of Ukraine) units, as in the recent years the units began to receive them and use during firefighting and rescue operations. Among the variety of brands and manufacturers of TICs, it is quite difficult to determine and make the right decision "which one to choose?", especially considering that they are all quite similar in their characteristics and are in the same price range. Moreover, sellers are not mentioned about their weaknesses, and especially do not emphasize what exactly you need to focus on and under what conditions properly they should be used.
 The purpose of the work is to assess the dependence of the effectiveness of fire detection and rescue operations considering the technical parameters and brands of fire thermal imagers. According to the method of estimating the parameters of TICs, which was developed at the Lviv State University of Life Safety, a comparative evaluation of the performance of TICs, which are used by units of SES of Ukraine. TICs of the following brands were selected for research: FLIR K2, 3M SCOTT V206, FLIR K33, 3M SCOTT V320, LEADER TIC3, 3M SCOTT X380 TIC3. According to their tactical and technical characteristics, the presented TICs were divided into three groups, two in each. To obtain a quantitative assessment of the visual quality of the display of the indicators understudy, a four-point rating scale was adopted: 5 - excellent reflection; 4 - good reflection; 3 - mediocre reflection; 2 - unsatisfactory reflection. According to the results of the research and the set amount of points, which took into account all series of experiments, the best result in their groups showed: Group I - 3M SCOTT V206, Group II - FLIR K33, Group III - 3M SCOTT X380. Based on experimental studies, it can be argued that the current parameters (tactical and technical characteristics) that influence the choice of TICs are: the size of the matrix, the refresh rate, temperature range and temperature sensitivity. These parameters are decisive during the reconnaissance of the SCBA (Self Contained Breathing Apparatus) units in gassed and smoky environments to solve complex tactical tasks, such as searching for a victim or hidden combustion centre and other tasks for their intended purpose.

КРИТЕРІЇ ПСИХІЧНОГО ЗДОРОВ’Я ПРАЦІВНИКІВ РИЗИКОНЕБЕЗПЕЧНИХ ПРОФЕСІЙ

У статті проаналізовано проблему психічного здоров’я працівників ризиконебезпечних професій. Розглянуто історію питання та сучасний її стан. Вивчено критерії психічного здоров’я працівників ризиконебезпечних професій як основного в порушеній проблемі, уточнено їхній перелік. Встановлено, що основним науковим підходом до визначення критеріїв психічного здоров’я працівників ризиконебезпечних професій є їх поділ відповідно до прояву психічного: психічні процеси як здатність до динамічного відображення дійсності в різних формах психічних явищ (відповідність психічного відображення об’єктам дійсності й характеру реакцій на зовнішні подразники; критичність до себе і власної психічної діяльності та її результатів; здатність до логічної обробки інформації в умовах, що швидко змінюються); психічні стани як прояви відносно тимчасових статичних явищ психіки (самовладання, здатність до адаптації в різних умовах, здатність до тривалого збереження активності в екстремальних та кризових ситуаціях, усвідомлення і дотримання техніки безпеки та гігієни праці); психічні властивості як прояви стійких психічних явищ (впевненість у собі, зосередженість, відповідальність за своє життя та життя оточуючих, потреба в професійному саморозвитку, готовність до особистісного зростання, здатність адекватно планувати власну життєдіяльність відповідно до життєвих та кар’єрних цілей). Визначено критерії психічного нездоров’я зазначених фахівців, до яких віднесено: зниження когнітивної активності, неорганізованість мисленевих процесів, навіюваність, агресивність, підвищена ворожість, наявність шкідливих звичок, втрата віри в себе та колектив, знижений рівень відповідальності.
 Перспектива подальших досліджень лежить у площині вивчення основних суб’єктів впливу на психічне здоров’я працівників ризиконебезпечних професій, зокрема фахівців ДСНС України.

Researches of the chemical composition of surface water in Ukraine, 1920-2020 (review)

The development of researches of the chemical composition of surface waters (rivers, lakes, reservoirs and ponds) is due to problems that are solved at one stage or another in the development of the country’s economy and are related to water quality issues. Depending on the tasks set during hydrochemical researches, attention is paid to a particular group of chemical components in water: 1) the main ions and their total amount (water mineralization); 2) dissolved gases; 3) biogenic elements; 4) organic matter; 5) microelements (including heavy metals); 6) radioactive elements; 7) specific pollutants. The article presents an analytical review of studies of the chemical composition of surface waters of Ukraine from the beginning of systematic research in the first half of the 20th century to the present day (1920-2020). The authors identified four typical chronological periods in the history of hydrochemical studies of surface waters in Ukraine. I period (1920s-1950s) – the beginning of systematic hydrochemical studies of surface waters; the appearance of regular observations of the chemical composition of water at the posts of hydrometeorological service on the Dnipro and Southern Bug rivers (1930s) and publication of these data in “Hydrological Yearbooks”; hydrochemical studies for selected large projects (Dnipro hydroelectric power station). II period (1950s-1970s) - expansion of hydrochemical research to meet the needs of water and hydropower construction, forecasting their possible impact on the country’s water resources; increasing the number of observation points for the chemical composition of water on large and medium-sized rivers; development of hydrochemistry of reservoirs. III period (1970s – at the beginning of the 2000s) – development of complex hydrochemical researches in the conditions of increasing anthropogenic load on water objects; creation of a system of hydrochemical monitoring of water bodies within the framework of the national system of observation and control of the environment (1973); application of sanitary and hygienic criteria for assessment of water quality – universal maximum acceptable concentrations (MAC); publication of quarterly “Hydrochemical Bulletins” (since 1967); development of radioecological studies of natural waters after the Chernobyl accident (1986); first publication in Ukraine of textbooks on hydrochemistry. IV period (after the beginning of the 2000s) – reformatting of hydrochemical research (monitoring system) to the requirements of the Water Framework Directive of the European Union, especially after the signing of the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement in 2014; reforming the water monitoring system based on environmental rationing with the identification of reference indicators; components of state monitoring of surface waters are the monitoring of biological, hydromorphological, chemical and physico-chemical parameters. The article also describes scientific hydrochemical schools: Institute of Hydrobiology of NAS of Ukraine; Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv; Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine and NAS of Ukraine.

ABOUT THE FEATURES OF THE STATE INFORMATION EXCHANGE IN THE CASE OF EMERGENCY ENVIRONMENTAL SITUATIONS

The features of information support between different agencies in emergency situations in a number of countries, including in Ukraine, are investigated in the paper. Insufficient level of modern legal basis for ensuring information exchange between different agencies in case of emergency environmental situations is noted. There is a lack of common approaches to the role of emergency environmental situations in Ukraine's civil protection system. The necessity to investigate the distribution of responsibilities of the monitoring entities and their ability to conduct operational environmental monitoring to determine the information interaction between central, local and environmental authorities in monitoring emergency environmental situations was noted. The organization of interaction of units of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine with nature protection bodies in case of emergency environmental situations, organization of interaction between structural units of Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine and central and local executive authorities is proposed. The scheme of information interaction of Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine and the central and local executive authorities in conducting environmental monitoring in emergency environmental situations is proposed, which provides information through two channels - through regional state administrations and central executive authorities. It takes into account the need for a joint exchange of information between the State Emergency Service of Ukraine and Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine for a timely response to potential and actual threats and the adoption of the relevant parts of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine measures for the prevention of emergencies and reduce their consequences. The reliability of the results of processing the received information is ensured by the implementation of the requirements of the unified regulatory and methodological base of Ukraine for means of measuring equipment. Keywords: emergency environmental situations, monitoring, information exchange, information interaction, environment

ESP Course Delivered to Personnel Working in Shifts for the State Emergency Service of Ukraine through a Student-Tailored Model

The purpose of this research was to identify whether there had been an enhancement in students’ language skills and perception of the ESP course if it had been delivered through a blended mode student-tailored model. The latter was aimed at training each English language skill separately. Reading and listening skills were trained online, the writing was taught both online and offline, and speaking was trained offline using speaking clubs that were held once a week. The TUTORROOM system was programmed to deliver materials online. The ongoing and final assessments were administered offline. A pre-test‒post-test research design was utilised to analyse the change in variables which were students’ English Language fluency (proficiency), cognitive ability, learning motivation, and learning styles. The study used a set of quantitative and qualitative empirical, experimental and statistical methods. The intervention improved the sampled students’ English language skills, their cognitive ability and learning motivation. The use of the student-tailored ESP model led to the shift from the teacher-driven to autonomous learning. It had been proved by the responses of the interviewed students that they felt ‘convenient’ (16 out of 19 respondents), ‘efficient’ (13 of the interviewed students), benefited (6 of the interviewed participants), ‘motivated’, and ‘responsible’ for their progress in language fluency. The experiment showed that the model promoted students’ responsibility for the learning outcomes which resulted in improved performance. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.19.3.1 6

До історії кінології

The modern cynological service of Ukraine is an integral part of the National Police of Ukraine, the National Guard of Ukraine, the State Border Guard Service, the State Emergency Service of Ukraine. The purpose of this study was to shed light on the history of cynology. To address this issue, the task was to collect and systematize data on the development of cynology. The main purpose of dog training in the law enforcement system is primarily to assist employees of these structures in improving the effectiveness of their activities to prevent, stop, detect and investigate crimes, using the special knowledge of dog handlers, as well as their skillful use of service dogs as a special means. The following research methods were used in the research process: general scientific – logical analysis, generalization, classification, systematization, actualization and comparison; historical – biographical, problem-chronological, comparative-historical. The history of the human-dog relationship dates back more than 500,000 years. Archival documents contain records of the use of dogs in military affairs more than 6,000 years ago in Eurasia, Africa and North America. As early as 7000 BC, purposeful dog breeding was widespread. No other animal species shows such diversity. Today there are more than 400 breeds of dogs, not counting crossbreeds. Despite this biodiversity, all domestic dogs belong to the same family, the Canis familiis, whose wild ancestor is the wolf, as evidenced by DNA analysis. To date, there are three main areas of dog breeding: service, which includes herding, associated with various branches of animal husbandry, riding (harness) and own service – the use of dogs for guard, search and other services; hunting (industrial and sports); decorative (breeding of mostly domestic dogs of original forms, companion dogs). Thus, the study of the history of cynology will allow more extensive use of the capabilities of dogs in the modern cynological service.

EVALUATION OF NATURAL DISASTER RESPONCE EFFECTIVENESS WITH FUZZY LOGIC METHODS

The model and method of efficiency estimation for disaster relief process under hydrological emergency of natural character on the basis of fuzzy logic have been offered. It is determined that the implementation of a natural emergency can lead to disruption of the sustainable functioning of the city, region and country as a whole against the background of an constantly increasing human impact on the environment, climate change and other conditions. Natural hydrological emergencies, such as floods, levees, etc., are the most widespread in the world and affect a large number of people, especially the socially and economically disadvantaged part of urban population. An analysis of previous research in this field has been carried out and it is determined that the problem under consideration cannot be fully formulated as a classical deterministic or probabilistic mathematical programming problem. This problem is characterized by significant uncertainty about the problem input variables. Two classes of such uncertainty are identified with the sources of origin - strategic and tactical. The paper presents a formalized procedure for supporting managerial decision-making, which includes the steps of uncertainty consideration and parametric identification of a deterministic optimization model of resource support for the elimination of natural hydrological emergencies. Linguistic variables were introduced to determine the parameters of an emergency, the parameters of the affected area, the characteristics of the technical arsenal of the territorial unit of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine, as well as the life support system. The Mamdani fuzzy inference algorithm was used to evaluate the effectiveness of disaster relief process. The software implementation of this model is executed in the open source information system Scilab, namely in SciFLT subsystem. This model is the basis for further parametric identification and implementation of a deterministic model of resource support for disaster relief process that allows forming flexible management decisions. Keywords: natural emergency, fuzzy logic, flood, resourcing

ПІДГОТОВКА ОСОБОВОГО СКЛАДУ ОПЕРАТИВНИХ РОЗРАХУНКІВ РЯТУВАЛЬНИХ ЧАСТИН В СТРУКТУРНИХ ПІДРОЗДІЛАХ ОПЕРАТИВНО-РЯТУВАЛЬНОЇ СЛУЖБИ ЦИВІЛЬНОГО ЗАХИСТУ УКРАЇНИ


 
 
 The article deals with the structure of vocational training and postgraduate education of the personnel of the units of the Operational and Rescue Service of Civil Protection, describes the system of departmental education of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine. On the basis of the analysis of the governing documents and empirical data in the structure of the professional training of the personnel of the guard units of the Operational and Rescue Service of Civil Protection, the author distinguished two components - primary vocational training in the departmental vocational schools and training of personnel directly in the work unit. It is established that for the development of professional knowledge, skills of rescuers, for maintaining a high level of operational readiness of duty guards, in the structural divisions of the Operational and Rescue Service of Civil Protection there is a continuous, year- round training system - independent and professional training. The modern period in the professional training of rescuers is characterized by the lack of a proactive approach, insufficient attention to innovative methods of training the personnel of operational units.
 
 

DEVELOPMENT OF THE ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUE OF THERMAL IMAGING CAMERAS FOR FIREFIGHTERS

Issues of combating hazardous fire factors such as smoke and heat, which are being fought by the firefighters whit self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA units) of State Emergency Service of Ukraine, remains one of the complicated tasks which should be solved by the operational units. The concentration of toxic substances in the first minutes of the fire are 12-100 times above the maximum. The average volume temperature in the first 5-10 minutes of fire can reach 140-900 оС. The rate of smoke spreading and toxic substances is very high. Every year, about 16 per 1 million people worldwide die from the cause of poisoning by combustion products during the fire, moreover, this trend is increasing every year.
 Therefore, the effectiveness of rescuing people, eliminating fires and carrying out rescue operations in the non-breathable environment depends, largely, on the speed of carrying out such operative actions, with the help of technical means one of which is a thermal imaging camera (TIC). As foreign practice shows, firefighters have widely used TICs during firefighting, searching victims and reconnaissance, however, in Ukraine, these devices have only just begun to appear in SES units. Thus, the study of the assessment of the parameters of TICs and their subsequent comparison is an urgent scientific task. The solving of which makes it possible to improve the efficiency of fire elimination during firefighting with zero visibility and a large number of combustion products by the SCBA units. Accordingly, there is a need for developing an assessment technique of the TIC parameters, which ensure the effectiveness of reconnaissance, searching the sources of fire and rescue operations by the SCBA units.
 The article describes the assessment methodology for estimating the parameters of TICs, according to which will be conducted experimental studies based on the fire module of Lviv State University of Life Safety. The aims of this study will identify the influence of fire environmental on the parameters of the TICs and on the efficiency of the reconnaissance process by the SCBA units in order to detect the fire cell and other issues. After conducting the research, comparative data will be presented that will allow to evaluate and select the most optimal variant of the TICs for the SES of Ukraine.

НОРМАТИВНО-ТЕХНІЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ЗАХИСНОЇ ДІЇ ФІЛЬТРІВ-ПОГЛИНАЧІВ, ЩО ЗАСТОСОВУЮТЬСЯ ДЛЯ КОЛЕКТИВНОГО ЗАХИСТУ

Проаналізовано нормативні документи щодо фільтрів-поглиначів, що застосовуються для колективного захисту. Вивчено вимоги до захисної дії та методи її визначення. Означено нормативні документи, які дають комплексну оцінку захисній дії фільтра-поглинача на основі проведення випробувань з визначення поглинальної здатності (адсорбції), фізичних та хімічних характеристик імпрегнованого активованого вугілля. Порівняльний аналіз нормативних документів виявив низку розбіжностей між чинним нормативним документом України та документами інших країн. Показана необхідність розроблення нормативного документу щодо захисної дії фільтрів-поглиначів з врахуванням аспектів міжнародних документів у цьому питанні.

СИСТЕМАТИЗАЦІЯ ПРОЦЕСУ УПРАВЛІННЯ ПОЖЕЖНОЮ БЕЗПЕКОЮ ОБ’ЄКТА ЗАХИСТУ

Наведені результати досліджень щодо обґрунтування загальних положень системи управління пожежною безпекою об’єкта захисту. Вперше встановлено низку термінів та визначень понять, які характеризують та конкретизують окремі елементи системи управління пожежною безпекою об’єкта. Показано недосконалість існуючих підходів щодо наявних організаційних заходів забезпечення пожежної безпеки на об’єкті захисту. Наведено вітчизняний та зарубіжний досвід щодо ефективної реалізації управлінського впливу за допомогою управлінських рішень суб’єктів управління об’єкта захисту, що дозволяє реалізовувати на об’єктах різного функціонального призначення організаційні вимоги та технічні вимоги до системи запобігання пожежі та комплексу протипожежного захисту. В результаті проведених досліджень розроблено організаційну структуру системи управління пожежною безпекою об’єкта та встановлені вимоги щодо її функціонування та алгоритму управління.

ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНІ МЕТОДИ ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ПЕРЕНОСНИХ ЗАСОБІВ ДИМО- ТА ТЕПЛОВИДАЛЕННЯ

Наведено результати експериментальних досліджень з визначення коефіцієнту ефективного зменшення задимленості і коефіцієнту ефективного зниження температури під час реалізації трьох варіантів нормалізації газоповітряного середовища у випробувальному боксі, а саме під час створення задимленого та високотемпературного середовища та подальшого самостійного зменшення задимленості і зниження температури, під час димо та тепловидалення шляхом нагнітання повітря та шляхом одночасного подавання повітря та розпиленого струменя води до випробувального боксу за допомогою переносного засобу димо- та тепловидалення

ВПЛИВ РОБОЧИХ ПАРАМЕТРІВ НА ТЕХНІЧНІ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНИХ ЗРАЗКІВ СТВОЛІВ-ГЕНЕРАТОРІВ ПІНИ ВИСОКОЇ КРАТНОСТІ

Проаналізовано сучасний стан застосування піни високої кратності як засобу пожежогасіння об’ємним способом та обґрунтовано необхідність розроблення в Україні пожежних стволів-генераторів піни високої кратності. Проведено патентний пошук пристроїв для генерування піни високої кратності з робочих розчинів піноутворювачів, де вказано на особливості складників під час утворення піни високої кратності. Наведено результати досліджень робочих параметрів розроблених експериментальних зразків генераторів піни високої кратності вентиляторного та ежекційного типів. Установлено залежність величини кратності піни, продуктивності за піною та кількості витраченого робочого розчину від співвідношень геометричних розмірів складників генераторів і витрати (тиску) робочого розчину піноутворювача та витрати повітряного потоку. Розроблено два функціональні макети генераторів піни високої кратності ежекційного та вентиляторного типу.

КОМУНИКАТИВНА КОМПЕТЕНТНІСТЬ ЯК ФАКТОР УСПЕХ АДАПТАЦІЇ НАЧАЛЬНИКІВ ВАРТ ОПЕРАТИВНО-РЯТУВАЛЬНОЇ СЛУЖБИ

Introduction. The article considers the problem of professional communicative competence as a key to successful adaptation of rescue service watch commanders of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine. The author proves the significance of the study explaining it by the fact that they get the information on functioning of life support facilities, activities of the staff, emergency and its consequences in the process of communication.Purpose. The purpose of the research is to identify the psychological features of the development of communicative competence as a condition of adaptive behavior of watch commanders at the State Emergency Service of Ukraine.Methods. The following research methods have been used in the study:theoretical (analysis of research literature, which regulates communicative competence in the conditions of adaptive behavior of watch commanders at the State Emergency Service of Ukraine; generalization of the obtained information;empirical (observation, questioning, testing).Originality. The analysis of numerous research papers proves that psychological conditions for the development of watch commanders’ communicative competence at the institutions of higher education of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine have been insufficiently investigated. Thus, a special socio-psychological study of the conditions and peculiarities of the communicative competence development of the future watch commanders becomes relevant.Conclusion. The author concludes that communication is the transfer of information from one person to the other in the process of activity. If communication is poorly organized, decisions may be flawed and employees may misunderstand what the leader wants them to do, and people’s relationships may get worse. It means that effective performance and successful problem solving depends on successful communication. Thus, communicative competence is a complex integral characteristic of the watch commander’s personality. Communicative competence is not only knowledge and skills, but also the willingness to apply them adequately and effectively in direct professional activity. Communicative competence is normative in nature, includes the rules and patterns of communicative behavior in the society. It is understood as a personal characteristic, which reflects the way a watch commander performs professional tasks and the attitude to the profession, to himself/herself and the type of interaction with other people.

Health care anti-crisis management issues in the reality of the covid-19 pandemic

This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the issue health care anti-crisis management in the reality of the Covid-19 pandemic. The health care system is an important component in ensuring the national security of the state. The main purpose of the research is to assess the possibilities and generalization of data on anti-crisis activities of the organization that ensures the livelihood of the population in a global crisis caused by a complex of problems associated with the global pandemic coronavirus infection. The object of this study is the health care point of the Interregional Rapid Response Center of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine. The subject of the paper can be considered deployment and implementation of anti-crisis activities within the health care point. Systematization literary sources and approaches for solving the problem health care points indicates that it is necessary to develop anti-crisis regulation program to save them. Methodological tools of the research methods were system-structural method, induction method, analysis of statistic figures and facts, SWOT-analysis. The authors have analyzed the organizational structure of health points of the Interregional Rapid Response Center of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine and defined their main tasks. It is clear that the provision of anti-crisis activities on a regular basis allows to purposefully form an effective subsystem for managing a health care facility in crisis situations. The system of anti-crisis management measures is proposed, and the effect of their implementation is determined by authors. In particular, the anti-crisis plan for the health care point of the center suggests working with humanitarian organizations and private and legal sponsors, which can provide additional support to health care points in building and improving the material and technical base. The set of measures for anti-crisis activities should become systemic, which will help in the long run to the health care point of the Interregional Rapid Response Center of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine. The results of the study can be useful for researchers who have been conducting study on this topic, and students majoring in «Management and Administration in Health Care».

«НАРИСИ ІСТОРІЇ ГІДРОХІМІЇ В УКРАЇНІ» (2020 р.) – ПЕРША МОНОГРАФІЯ ПРО ІСТОРІЮ ГІДРОХІМІЧНИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ В УКРАЇНІ

The article analyzes the monograph Essays on the History of Hydrochemistry in Ukraine (author Valentyn Khilchevskyi – professor at Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv), published in 2020.This is the first such monographic study. The monograph is devoted to the history of hydrochemical studies of surface waters in Ukraine. In the introductory part, an excursion on this issue was carried out in the XVIII-XIX centuries. The first part of the book is devoted to a review of hydrochemical studies of surface waters and their quality, which were carried out by Ukrainian scientists of the institutes of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, industry institutions and institutions of higher education (1920-2020). As the author of the monograph notes, today scientific hydrochemical schools have been preserved at the Institute of Hydrobiology of the NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv), the Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine and the NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv). They are engaged in hydrochemistry at the Ukrainian Institute of Environmental Problems (Kharkov). Among the higher educational institutions, it is worth noting the scientific hydrochemical school of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, which has a prominent place in the development of the educational and methodological base, the creation of the first basic textbooks on hydrochemistry in Ukraine. They deal with individual issues of hydrochemistry at Odessa State Ecological University, Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Yuriy Fedkovich Chernivtsi National University, Lesya Ukrainka Eastern European National University (Lutsk), National University of Water Management and Nature Management (Rivne). The second part describes the formation and history of the scientific hydrochemical school of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (1970-2020), to which the author himself belongs. The information and facts presented in the monograph will be of extreme value from the standpoint of studying the history of hydrochemistry by young scientists, since today there is a reform in science and education, new concepts and terms are being introduced. For example, the nomenclature of the names of specialties is changing. So, the recruitment of graduate students of hydrologists-hydrochemists since 2016 is already carried out in specialty 103 “Earth Sciences” to the educational and scientific program “Hydrology”. And from 2021, it is planned to completely switch to a new form of defense of dissertations (in particular, the degree of candidate of sciences will be replaced by the degree of Doctor of Philosophy). The book will be useful to scientists and practitioners dealing with issues of hydrochemistry and water quality, teachers and students studying hydrochemical and hydroecological disciplines.