Countryside Of State Research Articles

Detection of the international lineage ST71 of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in two cities in Rio de Janeiro State.

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is the main coagulase-positive staphylococci associated with canine skin/soft tissue infections (SSTI), otitis externa, and surgical site infections. The international spread of an epidemic and multiresistant lineage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP), the so-called European clone-displaying sequence type (ST) 71-requires attention. The first isolation of an MRSP ST71 isolate in South America was reported in Rio de Janeiro city, in 2010; however, a limited number of canine isolates were analyzed. Thus, to have a better panel of the MRSP spread in this city, we were stimulated to continue this study and search for the presence of MRSP in 282 colonized or infected dogs in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Among the MRSP isolates collected (N = 17; 6.1%), the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns were similar to those of European clone. All 17 isolates were classified as ST71 by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). In order to assess whether isolates of MRSP ST71 may have also spread to the Rio de Janeiro state countryside, we collected samples from 124 infected dogs in the city of Campos dos Goytacazes (232km away from Rio de Janeiro city). Our data showed the presence of ST71 lineage in one isolate among three MRSP detected. S. pseudintermedius was isolated from 40.6% of the clinical samples (N = 165/406). A relatively high incidence of methicillin resistance, detected by a PCR-based method, was found in 12.1% of the S. pseudintermedius recovered from animals (N = 20/165). The resistance profile of these isolates was similar to that described for the international ST71 strains whose genomes are publicly available in the GenBank. The prospect of ST71 isolates being resistant to virtually all antimicrobials used in veterinary medicine is alarming and should be considered a central issue considering that MRSP ST71 spreads over large geographic distances and its transmission from animals to humans.

A problemática do ensino remoto na educação do campo na pandemia da Covid-19

The objective was to investigate how the students of a State Countryside School have developed their activities in the context of Remote Education due to the pandemic of Covid-19, as well as their possibilities and limitations, given the problem of access to technological resources. The data were collected from the application of a questionnaire and analyzed in the light of the Textual Discursive Analysis. Fourteen students regularly enrolled in Elementary and High school participated in this research. The analysis of the data resulted in the establishment of three emerging categories: 1. Characteristics of the research participants; 2. Understanding of Remote Education; and 3. Future expectations in post-pandemic education. Even having access to some technological tools, students do not have access to the internet, which makes Remote Teaching activities difficult. The importance of the teacher's physical presence in the classroom was emphasized, including focusing on his interaction with students and between students in the school environment.

Consulta de enfermagem como espaço educativo para o autocuidado do paciente com pé diabético

Objetivos: Realizar uma ação educativa para o autocuidado do paciente com pé diabético e avaliar o conhecimento apreendido. Método: A ação educativa ocorreu no Ambulatório de Feridas e Pé Diabético, no interior do estado de São Paulo, em pacientes com pé diabético. Durante a consulta de enfermagem, foi realizada uma ação educativa para as práticas de autocuidado com os pés. No fim, aplicou-se um questionário para avaliar o conhecimento apreendido. Foi utilizada a estatística descritiva. Resultados: A amostra foi composta de 42 pacientes, sendo 54,8% do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 63,0 (±13) anos. Do total, 80,3% tinha diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus (DM) havia mais de 10 anos, e o pé diabético (100%), a retinopatia (47,4%) e a cardiopatia (34,2%) foram as complicações mais frequentes. A maioria compreendeu que a alimentação saudável (85,7%) e o exercício físico (100%) são necessários para manter o nível glicêmico controlado. Em relação ao autocuidado com os pés, 80,9% dos pesquisados inspecionam os pés diariamente, 95,2% os lavam com água fria para morna, 7,2% relataram dúvidas quanto à hidratação, 4,8% faziam o corte arredondado das unhas, 14,3% retiravam a cutícula na manicure, 16,7% utilizavam sandálias, e 9,5% calçavam tipos de meia inadequados. Conclusão: Acredita-se que as contribuições deste estudo estejam no desafio de sensibilizar a população para a adoção de hábitos saudáveis e para a implementação de práticas educativas direcionadas ao encorajamento do autocuidado.

Qualidade de vida de estudantes de uma universidade pública do Ceará / Life quality of students of a public university in Ceará state

Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade de vida de estudantes de uma universidade pública do estado do Ceará. Estudo transversal com abordagem quantitativa, realizado no primeiro semestre de 2019, com 880 estudantes matriculados nos 19 cursos de graduação de uma universidade pública do interior do Ceará. O instrumento utilizado foi o WHOQOL-bref. A maioria 58,2% eram mulheres, e 85,8% tinham entre 18 a 25 anos. As médias dos domínios da Qualidade de Vida fora: físico (60,6), relações sociais (59,9), psicológico (56,2) e meio ambiente (50,9). Os homens apresentaram melhores níveis de qualidade de vida nos domínios físico (p<0,0001), psicológico (p=0,001) e meio ambiente (p=0,005). Na faixa etária, o domínio meio ambiente apresentou-se estatisticamente significativo na idade entre 18 a 20 anos (p=0,044). No quesito situação conjugal, houve uma diferença estatisticamente significante nos domínios psicológico (p=0,004) e relações sociais (p=0,049), indicando, que ter um relacionamento amoroso apresentou melhores médias de QV. A sugestão é que universidade proponha ações que tenham como meta o aumento da qualidade de vida dos estudantes, para tal, estes devem ser escutados sistematicamente sobre suas dificuldades e demandas psicossociais.

Trade and safety issues of raw beef from the countryside of Bahia state, Brazil.

Background: Brazil is one of the world’s largest meat exporters. However, there is a paradox in this situation due to existing non-inspected meat trade and technical-sanitary failures in retail marketing.Design and methods: This study aimed at characterizing the issues of trade, food safety and quality of raw beef in the street market of a municipality in the state of Bahia. An exploratory, quantitative and census study was carried out, at 17 raw beef vending locations. A questionnaire was administered and meat samples were collected (n=34), which were submitted to a physicochemical assessment, color analysis and microbiological analyses.Results: Meat sellers were between 20 and 64 years of age, predominantly males (82.4%), with limited education and without professional training (64.7%). Medians for temperature and pH in the small butcher shops samples were 18.10ºC and 5.75 respectively, and 21.80ºC and 5.50, in small supermarkets samples. The difference in pH was significant (p<0.05). The filtration test suggested quality changes in 17.65% of the samples. No frauds were detected. Total coliform count medians were 4.90 and 4.78 log CFU/g, for the samples taken from butcher shops and supermarkets, respectively. E. coli was identified in approximately 40.0% of the samples. Salmonella spp. were confirmed in two samples collected in the butcher shops. There was a significant association between inadequate storage conditions and microorganism counts (p<0.02).Conclusions: The results evidenced a meat supply with preservation failures and non-compliance with hygiene requirements, constituting a consumers’ health hazard, not in line with an agroexporting country model.Significance for public healthThe protection of food sold in street markets is of great importance for public health and food security. In this study, the microbial load of raw beef, as well as reported conditions of trade, processing and storage indicate a need for interventions with the aim of preventing health risks, continuing training of food handlers and investments in education, which contribute to reduce cases of food poisoning and foodborne diseases. The risks to consumer health are related to the contamination, survival and multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms, which can access food through numerous pathways, reflecting precarious hygiene conditions throughout the process. Thus, strengthening Official Inspection and Health Surveillance systems can contribute to disease prevention and health promotion, minimizing healthcare expenditure and favoring the efficient allocation of resources.

Domestic violence against women according to the viewpoint of family health strategy teams

Objective: The study’s purpose has been to understand domestic violence against women under the perception of Family Health teams. Methods: It is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach, which was performed with 24 professionals from Family Health Units located in a municipality from the Bahia State countryside, Brazil. Data collection took place through semi-structured interviews designed according to the thematic content analysis. Results: Physical and psychological violence were the most common forms of domestic violence against women, with alcoholism, jealousy and macho culture as triggers for aggression. Gender and power relations were evidenced in the context of violence. Conclusion: Therefore, it is possible to underline the need for training of the Family Health teams in order to identify and adequately handle cases of domestic violence against women, aiming for comprehensive care.

Cambios en la estructura de propiedad de la tierra en el semiárido noreste de Brasil y sus implicaciones para la consolidación de la agricultura familiar

The purpose of this article is to analyze connections between changing tenure structure in the Brazilian semi-arid backland and the presence of small properties, in particular those linked to family farming. Dialogue with the literature on the Brazilian Northeast challenged us to problematize the dynamics that led to the fragmentation of large property in the referred region. Based on a qualitative and quantitative research effort, empirical work was carried out in the region of the Paraiba backlands, specifically in the Serra do Teixeira micro-region, guided by the following two questions: (1) which elements made possible the constitution of the image of the Northeastern Sertão as a space of the latifundio and of large property holding? (2) what ideas were the bases for representations of the origin of family farming in the Paraíba State countryside? Our intention is, based on empirical evidence not yet problematized about the Brazilian Northeast, to build guiding hypotheses for interpretations about the constitution of social groups and rural spaces in the Northeastern backland, particularly with reference to the consolidation of family farming in this space.Keywords: land ownership structure; Northeast Brazil’s backland; family farming.Article received on August 30, 2019. Accepted on February 26, 2020.How to citeMAIA, Kaliane de Freitas; GOMES, Ramonildes Alves. Mudanças na estrutura fundiária do Sertão Paraibano e suas implicações para a consolidação da agricultura familiar. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura, Rio de Janeiro, v. 28, n. 2, p. 259-283, jun. 2020.

Tobacco and Alcohol Use and Clinical Staging of Head and Neck Tumors

Objective: To determine the relationship between tobacco and alcohol consumption and staging of head and neck cancer in patients treated at a referral hospital for cancer treatment. Material and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study based on medical records of patients with head and neck cancer treated between 2008 and 2015. The following variables were considered: gender, age, marital status, educational level, place of residence, profession, affected site, clinical staging of neoplasms, histopathological diagnosis, tobacco and alcohol consumption . Results: Of the 154 medical records analyzed, there was predominance of male patients (72.7%), single (50%), with low education (88.1%), rural workers (38.3%), residents in the state countryside (70.2%) and aged 20-94 years. T3 and T4 size tumors prevailed. Significant correlation was found between alcohol use and tumor size (p=0.03) and presence of nodules (p<0.001), as well as between alcohol use and smoking with tumor size (p=0.04) and presence of nodules (p=0.019). No correlations were observed between tobacco use and injury staging. Conclusion: There was strong significance between tumor size and presence of nodules, both with the use of alcohol alone and with tobacco, thus suggesting the existence of important carcinogenic action of this substance.

Epidemiological profile and visual outcome of ocular trauma in a referral center in northeastern Brazil

Abstract Objectives: To evaluate the epidemiological profile and prognosis of patients with mechanical ocular trauma. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional observational study of consecutive patients evaluated during a one-year period at a public referral center in Sao Luis, Maranhao, Brazil. The Ocular Trauma Score (OTS) was used to estimate final visual acuity. The variables were analyzed using the chi-square test with a significance level of 5%. Results: Out of a total of 154 patients (mean age of 30.1 years), 27.92% were younger than 16 years, and 81.8% were men, with most coming from the state's countryside (55.2%). Most of the patients were dependents (34%) or rural workers (19%). Regarding the OTS prognosis, 33.77% of the patients were category 5 and 31.16% category 1 or 2, indicating worse prognosis. The best prognoses (visual outcomes) were inversely proportional to age and time to treatment (p<0.001). Conclusion: Ocular trauma remains an important cause of ocular morbidity in childhood and in informal work. Adult supervision and socio-educational measures are mandatory to change this scenario.

UNIVERSIDADE PÚBLICA E LIBERDADE DE ESCOLHER E AGIR

Este artigo propõe diálogos sobre a formação cidadã e a construção de uma cultura de procedimentos democráticos para a universidade pública brasileira, inserida no século XXI, comprometida com a ética, a justiça e a sustentabilidade socioambiental. É fruto de uma dissertação sobre os limites e potencialidades do ambiente educacional de uma Instituição pública de Ensino Superior localizada interior do estado de São Paulo, a ESALQ – USP. Um processo metodológico idiossincrático e a triangulação de dados e fontes foram utilizados para articular as perspectivas teóricas da etnografia e da Análise Crítica do Discurso. A principal suposição é a de que o ensino, a pesquisa e a extensão ainda permanecem sob a dimensão técnica, deixando de lado questões políticas e sociais, como a segurança alimentar e a questão agrária, notadamente a reforma agrária.

Família, trabalho e racionalização: a reconfiguração dos espaços de moradia em uma usina de açúcar nas décadas de 1960-1990

A gestão da força de trabalho assume diversas conigurações. De acordo com contextos especíicos, observa-se o surgimento de articulações em que a relação capital trabalho foi ampliada para além das condições objetivas. Um desses contextos foi aquele que se formou entre os anos 1960 a 1990 nas áreas produtoras de cana-de-açúcar do interior do estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Em uma das maiores usinas de açúcar e álcool do mundo – a Usina São Martinho – a concessão da moradia, a apropriação do trabalho familiar e a relação entre patrões e empregados assumiram uma lógica distinta, multifacetada, distante daquela comumente encontrada no universo das relações do mundo rural. O presente estudo é fruto de pesquisa de campo em que resgatamos a trajetória de trabalhadores cujas famílias se vincularam por gerações à usina. Buscamos evidenciar o caráter distinto das relações ali estabelecidas dentro de um recorte temporal especíico, a percepção dessas relações entre os trabalhadores e as razões que levaram ao seu inevitável desaparecimento.

The Landscape of Futurelessness: An Interview with Brett Story

Canadian Brett Story's most recent film, The Prison in Twelve Landscapes (2016), explores the American prison system, as well as the traditional sense of “landscape,” in an unusual way: except for the film's final shot, a drive-by of Attica State Prison nestled in the countryside of west-central New York State, we see no prisoners and no prison buildings—and few spaces we could call landscapes. Story's panoramic film reveals the multitude of ways in which the prison system is hidden in plain sight throughout the United States. In Scott MacDonald's interview with Story, the filmmaker explains the film's unusual approach and structure—as well as the struggle involved in getting the film made. Story's modest budget is the ultimate irony of The Prison in Twelve Landscapes, given the fact that the American prison system is the world's most extensive, and no doubt most expensive, system of incarceration on the planet.

Análise estrutural de relações entre Motivação, Satisfação e Sugestões Criativas

A pesquisa analisa a relacao da Satisfacao no trabalho e da Motivacao Extrinseca (Identificada e Introjetada), bem como da Motivacao Intrinseca na Sugestoes Criativas, uma dimensao de Cidadania Organizacional. Para tanto, utilizou-se uma amostra de 140 trabalhadores de um universo de 270 do setor operacional de uma fazenda produtora de algodao situada no interior do Estado do Piaui. Para a coleta de dados, foram utilizadas as seguintes escalas: (i) a versao traduzida da Motivation at Work Scale (MAWS), de Gagne et al . (2010), apresentada por Grohmann et al . (2013); (ii) a Escala de Satisfacao no trabalho (EST), versao reduzida, apresentada por Siqueira (2008); (iii) a dimensao Sugestoes Criativas da Escala de Comportamentos de Cidadania Organizacional (Bastos et al ., 2014). As hipoteses foram aferidas por meio de um modelo estrutural, estimado pelo metodo Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLS-PM). Foram testadas oito hipoteses, sendo aceitas as seguintes: H1: A Satisfacao no trabalho relaciona-se positivamente com Sugestoes Criativas; H4: As Dimensoes da Motivacao (Introjetada H4a+), (Identificada H4b+) e (Intrinseca H4c+) relacionam-se positivamente com a Satisfacao Organizacional. Os resultados apontam que maior investimento em Satisfacao no trabalho possui um grande efeito (R2 51%, f2 0,64) sobre Sugestoes Criativas. Os dados sugerem que, para a Satisfacao no trabalho, a influencia da motivacao independe do grau de autodeterminacao do individuo (menor autorregulacao – Introjetada e Identificada; maior autorregulacao – Intrinseca). Sendo a relacao entre as dimensoes de Motivacao e Sugestoes Criativas nao significativas, nao a mediacao da Satisfacao nao foi identificada. Palavras-chave: Motivacao Intrinseca e Extrinseca, Sugestoes Criativas, Teoria da Autodeterminacao, satisfacao no trabalho.

Freinet, Vigotsky e Bakhtin: uma aproximação possível ao acesso à cultura escrita

This study aims to reflect on pedagogical practices about the culture of reading and writing from the perspective of the Cultural-Historical Theory (CHT) and Bakhtin's theory of enunciation, seeking a possible dialogue with the ideals of Freinet’s thinking and techniques. It is a research carried out in a public municipal institution of Sao Paulo State countryside with five and six-year-old children. The criterion for class selection was the fact that the children had experiences in school in the context of Freinet’s techniques. After data collection and careful analysis, it is possible to affirm that there is a possibility of dialogue between Freinet, Vigotsky and Bakhtin, and, mainly, teacher’s theoretical appropriation of this existing approximation potentiates the pedagogical practices about reading and writing.

Severe Maternal Morbidity: post-traumatic suffering and social support.

To assess the relationship of post-traumatic stress symptoms and the perception of social support in women submitted to Severe Maternal Morbidity (SMM). A prospective cohort study, with 549 women from public hospitals. The Impact of Events and Social Support scales were used. Women with SMM were from the State countryside (p=0.046), with low schooling (p=0.039) and did not work (p<0.001). They presented higher consumption of alcoholic beverages (p<0.001), did not perform prenatal (p<0.001), and were older (28.15 ± 28 years). Women with SMM had higher mean values of avoidance behavior (24.32, SD: 4.16), intrusive thinking (18.28, SD: 3.80), lower social support (0.11, SD: 0.001) with large effect size and lower social support satisfaction (0.69; SD: 0.19), with small effect size. SMM is a differential and negative factor for women's mental health, and social support can favor their coping.

Mental health as a dimension for the care of teenagers.

To analyze the demands in the field of mental health from the perspective of teenagers. A descriptive study with a qualitative approach, having comprehensiveness as an analytical category. It was carried out with 21 teenagers of both genders, students of two public schools of a municipality of the countryside of Bahia state. The empirical material was produced through reflection workshops and analyzed through the technique of Discourse Analysis. Teenagers value the indissociability between body and mind, recognize lack of attention to the psychological dimension in the health network, and point to mental disorders as resulting from contexts of life and lack of Health Care. Health services need to be structured to attract teenagers, to recognize singularities through professionals trained in welcoming, listening and accountability. It is urgent to fulfill what is defined in public policies and in specific programs, and that comprehensiveness has a centrality as a perspective to be realized.

VASCULAR FLORA CHECKLIST OF THE IBICATU ECOLOGICAL STATION, PIRACICABA, SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL

Small forest fragments are recognized as relevant for the preservation of the São Paulo State Semideciduous Seasonal Forest. Our research presents an updated checklist of the vascular flora of the small fragment of legally protected forest, located in the São Paulo State countryside, known as Ibicatu Ecological Station, with the main goal of discussing its importance for local and regional biodiversity conservation. We used the walking method, for a qualitative floristic survey, and botanical material was collected in reproductive and vegetative state. We sampled 187 species typical of the semideciduous seasonal forest, distributed in different eight life forms, with predominance of non-woody life forms, especially herbs and epiphytes. We identified 11 endangered species, including Peperomia hydrocotyloides, considered extinct from the São Paulo State, and some exotic and invasive species. We consider that this small forest fragment present rich vascular flora typical of the São Paulo countryside, in different life forms, and it is essential for local and regional biodiversity. This study added 102 species to the previously published checklist, emphasizing the importance of floristic surveys that include all life forms.

Comunicação e acessibilidade: percepções de pessoas com deficiência auditiva sobre seu atendimento nos serviços de saúde

Este estudo analisou a percepção de sujeitos com deficiência auditiva em relação ao seu atendimento nos serviços de saúde. Aplicou-se um questionário de perguntas fechadas com múltiplas alternativas a pessoas com deficiência auditiva de uma comunidade de um município do interior paulista, com a presença de intérprete. Barreiras na comunicação entre os usuários e os profissionais de saúde foram ressaltadas, levando a dificuldades no acesso e dúvidas por parte dos pacientes. A ausência de intérpretes nos serviços foi evidenciada. A presença do acompanhante foi relatada frequentemente, e discutiram-se as implicações desse fato para o vínculo entre médico e paciente e para a privacidade e autonomia dos sujeitos surdos. Os participantes indicaram insatisfação com relação ao seu atendimento. Ressalta-se a necessidade de investimento na formação de profissionais dos serviços de saúde para o uso da Língua Brasileira de Sinais, na perspectiva da inclusão social, como previsto na legislação atual.

Children and adolescents ostomized in a reference hospital. Epidemiological profile

ObjectivesTo assess the epidemiological profile of children and adolescents with intestinal stoma, assisted at the Presidente Dutra University Hospital (HUPD), São Luís (MA). MethodsObservational, descriptive, retrospective, and individuated study. Data were collected from 110 children and adolescents with elimination intestinal stoma, from January 2006 to February 2013. The following variables were analyzed: age, gender, patient origin, and stomata indication, type, and temporal character. After data collection, descriptive analysis was made by Bioestat 5.0 program. ResultsOf 110 patients, 78.2% were male and 21.8% female. The average age was 9.4 years old. 55.5% came from the Maranhão state countryside, and 44.5% from the capital, São Luís. Regarding stoma type, colostomies made up 88.2%, and were 11.8% ileostomies, all temporary stoma. The main cause was trauma (42.7%), with firearm abdominal puncture being the most frequent cause (71.5% of the category); followed by congenital anomalies (38.2%), and obstructive (5.4%) and inflammatory (4.5%) causes. ConclusionStudied children and adolescents were mostly male, from Maranhão state countryside. The main cause was trauma, and colostomy was the most common stoma type.

A survey of adulterants used to cut cocaine in samples seized in the Espírito Santo State by GC–MS allied to chemometric tools

Cocaine is a stimulant drug of the central nervous system (CNS) extracted from the leaves of Erytroxylum coca. It is defined as a tropane alkaloid containing 1R-(exo,exo)-3-(benzoyloxy)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid methyl esther. However, despite its defined composition, a wide variety of chemical additives are present in cocaine found in the illicit market, such as benzocaine, lidocaine, caffeine, procaine and phenacetin. In this work, 512 cocaine samples seized by the Civil Police of Espirito Santo state (PC-ES, Brazil) were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS) allied to principal component analysis (PCA) in order to classify the samples as a function of seizure year (2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012) and location (metropolitan, north, south and central). The cocaine content (wt.%) and its adulterants were also estimated. Analyzing the samples seized between 2008 and 2011, three sample sets are clearly grouped according to the degree of adulteration with caffeine and lidocaine: 100–50wt.% of cocaine; 50–20wt.% of cocaine; and 20–80wt.% of lidocaine and 60–80wt.% of caffeine, simultaneously. The last group is formed by samples seized between 2008 and 2009, which proves the higher degree of adulteration during this period. In 2012, higher cocaine content was observed for the 191 analyzed samples than in samples from previous years. The PCA data also suggests that the metropolitan region samples had a higher degree of adulteration than the state countryside samples.