The foundation of St. Petersburg as the new capital of the Russian state in the 18th century was inextricably linked with the attraction of artists who brought social, cultural and propaganda benefits, being a special category of urban residents performing important work. Over the decades, as the city grew, on its map there appeared addresses related to the life and work of numerous painters, graphic artists, sculptors, and architects who cast their lot with St. Petersburg for a limited time or forever. In this article, for the first time in Russian art history and St. Petersburg local history, the author carries out a task of historical identification, systematization and description of urban places where homes, workshops, and craft unions of both the first Russian and foreign artists living in the new capital of the Russian state in 1703–1741 were located. The article will be of interest to historians of Russian art, specialists in Russian history of the 18th century, local historians, museum workers, and guides.