Start-up Entrepreneurs Research Articles

ПОДДЕРЖКА НАЧИНАЮЩИХ ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЕЙ В СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ И ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ СФЕРАХ РЕГИОНА: ОПЫТ ГАТЧИНСКОГО МУНИЦИПАЛЬНОГО РАЙОНА ЛЕНИНГРАДСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

The article examines the role of entrepreneurship in achieving the goals of sustainable development of territories, as well as the essence of ESG-transformation of business development. The analysis of the current level and directions of state financial support for startup entrepreneurs working in areas contributing to sustainable development (environmental and social spheres) on the territory of the Gatchina municipal district of the Leningrad region. It is noted that social entrepreneurship in the region has a more developed regulatory and legal framework and receives more government support in comparison with environmental business. In this article, recommendations were formulated to improve the effectiveness of government support measures for start-up entrepreneurs – representatives of SMEs working in the environmental and social spheres, contributing to the achievement of sustainable development of the region.

CHALLENGES FACED BY STARTUP ENTREPRENEURS- A REVIEW STUDY

Startups give birth to innovative ideas, which immensely contribute for finding answers to many unsought problems of the society. Despite of huge efforts of the government, startups are encountering issues such as lack of financial support, unavailability of marketing opportunities, digital illiteracy, competition, etc. Unemployment is the major issue of the country it can be only tackled by addressing the challenges faced by startup entrepreneurs. This paper focused on the studies done so far and effort has made to discuss the challenges confronted by startup entrepreneurs. KEYWORDS: Startups, Encountering issues, Government.

Lessons Learned from Mena’s Biggest Exit the Case of Talabat and Formation of Entrepreneurial Model to Spot the Barrier to Growth and out of Valley of Death

Successful entrepreneurial start-ups follow somewhat similar pathways towards an entrepreneurial/corporate development and eventually an exit, where investors as well as founders are handsomely rewarded for their contribution by investors who purchase the company or float it in an Initial Public Offering at the financial markets. In this paper, we will explore and combine three different pathways for entrepreneurial companies towards corporation growth: 12 steps in value creation and corporate development, 6 steps in financing and 4 stages in knowledge creation. An attempt is made to combine and simplify the existing models with the purpose of identifying entrepreneurial barriers to growth and suggesting solutions. Furthermore, these models are tested and validated by so called “deep” qualitative interviews of 6 Kuwaiti entrepreneurs who are operating their own startups in Kuwait. The result is a Kuwaiti model for entrepreneurial pathways, pinpointing barriers to growth and ways out of the “Valley of Death” towards rapid corporate growth and entrepreneurial succession.

A Phenomenological Study in the Lived Experiences of Teenage Mother: Basis in E-development of Entrepreneurial Empowerment

Teenage mothers faced adversities and struggles as a mother and as students and remained more steadfast and more resilient in fulfilling their dreamsto finish their collegiate degree and receive a university diploma. It is very important for teenage mother to develop their skills and interest to empower themselves as entrepreneur. The researchers investigated how individuals adjust to and deal with their circumstances as adolescent mothers, as well as their lived experiences in terms of economic, physical, psychological, social, and spiritual factors, as well as the factors that contribute to their development. Teenage mothers' lived experiences give them the courage and determination to complete their education, reduce poverty, and be able to stand on their own two feet. They want to help their family by working and earning money abroad in the hopes of a better career opportunity and a higher salary. Teenage mothers, on the other hand, are more concerned with business than with employment. The government must work together to promote entrepreneurship as a means of expanding the economy and lifting people out of poverty. It is one method of reducing the number of teenage mothers who choose to work abroad that the government should raise awareness about government-funded programs for start-up entrepreneurs.

Exploring everyday experiences of entrepreneurial labour: gender and work in collaborative workspaces of Athens

This paper explores how gender shapes the everyday experiences of entrepreneurial labour in Greek collaborative workspaces (CWS), highlighting a relatively understudied segment of coworking research. Drawing upon a wider study of collaborative workspaces in Athens, it explores how these spaces, which are the site of an enactment of entrepreneurial subjectivity, present themselves as gender-neutral but rest on highly masculinized assumptions about an archetypical masculine user of the space. Firstly, the article reveals divergence in the ways women and men entrepreneurs experience entrepreneurial labour. Secondly, it identifies how women entrepreneurs struggle to fit into narrow understandings of start-up entrepreneurship and innovation during the early stages of venture capital seeking. It then focuses on the way associations between bravery, risk and entrepreneurship appear in conversations with founders of CWS and are reinforced through their practice. Lastly, it examines how gendered structural constraints are rarely discussed by women start-up entrepreneurs. The article concludes by arguing that gender is not simply undone, but rather rearranged in a coworking landscape which is embedded in a start-up entrepreneurial context.

SME entrepreneurship and digitalization – the potentialities and moderating role of demographic factors

Entrepreneurship, across markets and organizational typologies has long attracted the attention of scholars and practitioners alike. Irrevocably associated with SMEs, entrepreneurship has been fueled and facilitated by emergence of digital technology platforms. By adopting digital technology platforms, SME entrepreneurs can establish direct links between suppliers and buyers and can engage closely with other stakeholders. In this context, the purpose of this research is to investigate the contemporary demography of SME entrepreneurship and the moderating roles and potentialities of entrepreneurs’ age, gender, and education in adopting digital platforms. Resting securely on extant literature, a theoretical model is first developed, and thereafter validated using SEM with a sample comprising 431 startup entrepreneurs in India. The findings expand and refine our understanding of relationship between moderators and entrepreneurial startups in a globally significant emerging market like India, and in parallel, profile the nature of the contemporary SME entrepreneur with regards to digitalization.

Competing for Technology Talent: Listed Companies Versus Funded Startups in India

Information technology (IT) services industry has become a mainstay for technology talent in the last few decades. Recently, the emergence of startups in the high-tech sector has also contributed to the demand for talent in the sector. This has led to a situation, where both incumbent listed companies and venture capital-backed technology startups, compete for technology talent in the ecosystem. We probe this from the convergence in average per employee labor costs between listed IT services companies and funded entrepreneurial startups (less than 10 years old) in the sector. We work on a stylized sample of 36 companies and find that listed IT services companies have continued to remain large buyers of talent and are consistently paying higher wages than startups. Whereas the rate of growth in average salaries among technology startups is higher than listed counterparts during the study period. Such a rate of growth of average wages suggests that there is potential for startups to bridge the gap with listed companies’ salaries. The narrowing of the salary differential gap may affect the competition for talent in the ecosystem, impacting both startups and larger companies. Such competition can challenge listed companies’ profit and growth over the long term. But such a change hinges on startups ability to raise further funding to support expenses.

Strengthening Enterprise Performance On Youth Entrepreneurs Through Sustainable Entrepreneurial Orientation and Competitive Advantage

This study aims to determine the factors that influence Enterprise Performance at startups in East Java. The magnitude of the failure of MSME actors to maintain business sustainability due to increasing fierce market competition is the reason to focus on this research. As a startup company that is still pioneering, support, entrepreneurship skills, and innovation are very much needed to achieve sustainable business performance. The difficulties faced by entrepreneurs are lack of knowledge or skills, lack of capital, lack of mastery of information technology, and distribution of services/products produced. The number of samples in this study was 100 entrepreneurs in the cities of Surabaya and Malang. Data analysis using SEM-PLS. The results of this study indicate a significant effect of Sustainable Entrepreneurial Orientation on Competitive Advantage and Enterprise Performance; competitive Advantage has a direct impact on Enterprise Performance in startup entrepreneurs.

Gauging the Institution’s Potential Towards an Entrepreneurial University: The Case of a Philippine State University

The potential of a state university for entrepreneurial university transformation is determined in this study by using the mixed method, specifically the concurrent triangulation design. Strengths, weaknesses, challenges and issues are highlighted based on the guiding framework for entrepreneurial universities by the European Commission – Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (EC-OECD). Middle level managers of the institution served as participants providing data through survey instrument and interviews. Results revealed that generally the university is Going Entrepreneurial, particularly in leadership and governance; organizational capacity, people and incentives; entrepreneurship development in teaching and learning; and pathways for entrepreneurs. It is Almost Entrepreneurial in its business/external relationships for knowledge exchange, and as an internationalized institution; and only in measuring the impact of entrepreneurial university that it is described as Initially Going Entrepreneurial. Challenges and issues identified that may affect the internal system consist political leadership openness to support development plans and projects; presence of internationally-popular eco-tourism, farm tourism, cultural and heritage tourism potentials; booming business atmosphere in the province and the region; availability of local and international scholarships and fellowships for staff and students; presence of commercial banks offering loan credits; and presence of private colleges and learning centers. Recommendations for internal policy consideration include the revisit and inclusion in the strategic plan of an entrepreneurial agenda; appropriation of budget to support the entrepreneurial projects or start-ups by the faculty, staff and students; and exploration of functional engagements and linkages with external (local and international) stakeholders and willing business partners, experts and entities who could help put up or invest on incubators, science parks and the like.

Overcoming the Midlife Crisis as the Most Important Step in Supporting Start-up Entrepreneurs

Overcoming the Midlife Crisis as the Most Important Step in Supporting Start-up Entrepreneurs

Brittney’s Boutique: Tailoring financial statements for function as well as fashion

This note slightly modifies and adapts a managerial accounting case, Brittney’s Boutique: Tailoring a budget for function as well as fashion (Stuebs, M., Bryant, S., Edison, C., & Reese, K. (2017). Brittney’s boutique: Tailoring a budget for function as well as fashion. Journal of Accounting Education, 39, 32–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccedu.2016.12.006), for use in an introductory financial accounting or hybrid accounting course that combines financial and managerial accounting topics. The adapted case provides you the opportunity to extend and apply financial accounting knowledge to the practical, real-world setting of Brittney’s Boutique, a student’s entrepreneurial start-up effort in the retail fashion merchandising business. The case is intended to challenge you to: 1) use financial accounting knowledge to prepare journal entries, general ledger posts, financial statements and financial ratios; 2) recognize and understand the needs and challenges in starting a business; 3) apply Excel knowledge, skills and abilities; and 4) analyze and combine financial accounting information to make judgments, conclusions and recommendations.

Editorial Note

With immense pleasure and pride, the new edition of the Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management, and Innovation (JEMI) is presented to our esteemed readers. The latest issue of JEMI promises a unique assortment of novel research papers on diverse topics in entrepreneurship and management studies. In this issue, national and international authors have contributed considerably and shared their meticulously written research papers for publication in the journal. The latest issue of JEMI emphasizes research studies on areas including entrepreneurial development, human resource management, marketing & financial management and other related subjects. Moreover, most of the papers in this issue have highlighted the entrepreneurial concerns, challenges, and unexploited opportunities from the developing world perspective. With the changing world business dynamics, business analytics not only foresee a tremendous shift in business processes and operations, but also a massive disruption in business ecosystems is predicted. For entrepreneurial ventures and small start-ups, which are seen as more prone to these shocks, it is essential for managers to adopt pro-active and resilient approaches, for survival and longevity. Resisting and surviving external shocks such as economic, climatic, ecological, catastrophic, and socio-political disasters has been a centre point of the literature in organizational studies. Economies and organizations alike have limited ability to resist sudden shocks which change their usual course of the working mechanism. In general, in the aftermath, the repercussions and rigours of the endured shocks yield businesses the strength to endure the changes constructed by the tremors, help them understand their potency, and provide them with the agility to resist against the tenacity of the shocks. Thus, the papers in this issue, in their unique way, highlight the issues concerning business ventures and provide some useful insights on the constructive perspectives to address those concerns. To conclude, it is important to keep in mind that the articles published in this journal represent the collective thinking of a group of innovative individuals with whom I am privileged to interact and work meticulously during the publication process. The editorial team at JEMI strives hard to make the journal a premier academic journal in the national and international academic community and thus tries to be diverse and dynamic in all aspects. As JEMI aims to strengthen relationships between the knowledge communities, professional institutions, and industries in the corporate world, we, from the next issue, intend to dedicate an entire section to specific industry-related research. For this, the editorial team has decided to call the papers relating to the scope of this journal with tourism enterprises and businesses, for our next issue.

The Analysis of Fuzzy Qualitative Comparison Method and Multiple Case Study of Entrepreneurial Environment and Entrepreneur Psychology for Startups-Evidence From Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and Southeast Asia.

Recently, scholars have begun to shift their focus toward the idea of the marketization of startups and the relationship with entrepreneurial psychology or other factors; however, the establishment of a unified and clear standard of entrepreneurship educational methods remains unfulfilled. Our study investigates 46 representative startups in four industries, including financial technology, biotechnology, education, and cultural tourism areas in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) and Southeast Asia (SEA) to observe factors from different backgrounds but matter in common for building entrepreneurship education systems and methods in different countries. We used the fuzzy qualitative comparison method (fsQCA) to survey startup entrepreneurs and executives through questionnaires, selecting startup key factors including entrepreneurial psychology (optimism, passion, self-efficacy), product advantage, market and cultural environment, entrepreneurial policy, and geographical advantage. The survey was conducted on six key variables, namely, geographical advantage, to observe the conditional grouping and paths of factors influencing the establishment of Startups from an overall perspective. This study explores the path combination that plays a key role in the establishment of new enterprises, and further uses specific industry cases to verify the rationality and credibility of the path combination. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) There are five combination paths affecting the establishment of new enterprises, which are “psychology and market,” “psychology, product, and region,” “psychology, culture and policy,” “psychology, market, and culture,” and “market, policy, and region” combination paths; (2) Entrepreneur psychology, market environment, and entrepreneurship policy are the core conditions to improve the effectiveness of the establishment of new enterprises, while the other three variables are non-core variables in different paths; (3) There are different paths of entrepreneurial paths and factor combinations in different regions or industries.

Entrepreneurial Start-up Motivations and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises in Tanzania: The Role of Entrepreneur’s Personality Traits

This study aims to analyze the mediating effect of personality traits in the relationship between entrepreneurial start-up motivations and small and medium enterprises (SMEs) growth. A gap has been identified in the literature, particularly in the indirect association of critical factors that may be beneficial to the growth of SMEs. In this study, a cross-sectional survey design was used because data were collected once in a time. Furthermore, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze data obtained from 367 SMEs’ owners. The findings indicate that entrepreneurial start-up motivations such as a desire for achievement, financial rewards, social recognition and a desire for independence are positively and significantly related to SMEs’ growth. Also, entrepreneurial start-up motivations positively and significantly influence personality traits among entrepreneurs. It was found that there is a significant link between personality traits and the SMEs’ growth. Additionally, the findings indicate that personality traits mediate the relationship between entrepreneurial start-up motivations and SMEs’ growth. The study’s findings have implications for the practices and theories in the entrepreneurship context.

Friend or foe? The effects of harmonious and obsessive passion on entrepreneurs’ well-being, strain and social loneliness

Purpose Passion is considered a critical aspect of entrepreneurship. According to the dualistic model of passion (DMP), entrepreneurs’ passion for their work can be harmonious or obsessive, leading to different personal and work outcomes. Drawing on DMP and the self-determination theory, this paper investigates these two types of passion for work and their effects on entrepreneurs’ subjective well-being (SWB), psychological strain and social loneliness.Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted a self-administered online survey with 312 entrepreneurs in Turkey. The authors selected the sample using purposive sampling and referrals through snowballing via associations, university start-up organizations, entrepreneur lists and personal networks. The data are analyzed using multiple regression analysis.Findings The results show that harmonious passion is negatively related to strain, while obsessive passion is positively related to both strain and social loneliness. Furthermore, both types of passion are associated with higher SWB. Finally, age moderates the relationship between obsessive passion and SWB.Practical implications The findings draw attention to another dark side to entrepreneurship and a useful perspective to raise awareness that entrepreneurs may think positively of obsessive passion and ignore the negative consequences.Originality/value This study contributes to the literature by showing that both positive and negative consequences of passion may co-exist based on the entrepreneurs’ self-perceptions. It also contributes to the very scarce research in non-western, emerging contexts in entrepreneurial passion research and constitutes the first study conducted on this topic in Turkey.

Entrepreneurial ecosystem and start-ups in Sub-Saharan Africa: Empirical evidence based on Global Entrepreneurship Monitor database

Objective: The aim of the study is to examine the nexus between entrepreneurial ecosystem and nascent entrepreneurship in sub-Saharan Africa. Research Design & Methods: The study employed a quantitative methodology and consequently, the variables and data were drawn from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) survey ranging from 2004-2019. The sample observations of the study were eight countries across sub-Saharan Africa. The country-level data were analyzed through the application of least square regression to determine the nexus between the financing environment, government support policy, physical and service infrastructure and entrepreneurial start-ups. Findings: The study findings demonstrate that entrepreneurial financing had positive effect on nascent entrepreneurship; government support policy had positive effect on entrepreneurial start-ups; infrastructure had positive effect on early entrepreneurial activity. Implications & Recommendations: The paper recommends that there should be a renewed commitment on the part of governments to support and initiate intervention programmes to build entrepreneurial ecosystem and promote entrepreneurial activity but such programme design and implementation should look into contextual specifics and consider the COVID-19 related factors. Contribution & Value Added: In this paper, we have offered significant contribution to the existing body of scholarship in small business management and entrepreneurship from the prisms of global health emergency and that building a friendly entrepreneurial ecosystem stimulates prevalence and sustainability of nascent entrepreneurship in countries.

The application of business models by entrepreneurial start-ups

The application of business models by entrepreneurial start-ups

Oil rent, entrepreneurial start-ups, and institutional quality: Insights from African oil-rich countries

Oil rent, entrepreneurial start-ups, and institutional quality: Insights from African oil-rich countries

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПІДТРИМКИ ТА РОЗВИТКУ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ЕКОСИСТЕМИ СТАРТАП-ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВА РУМУНІЇ

The article is devoted to issues of state support and development of the startup ecosystem in the example of Romania. The peculiarities and reasons for its formation, as well as the characteristics of the main startups of the country, main directions of startup entrepreneurship development, PESTEL, and SWOT analysis of the national ecosystem of startups in Romania, are considered. The article analyzes the features of the ecosystem of startups in Romania: the growth of global investment and revival of Romanian investors in local startups, increasing the average size of checks for seed stages of financing, development of venture and innovation infrastructure, and the formation of 5 cities for startups in the global ranking of startup ecosystems StartupBlink. The article reviews the state support for startup entrepreneurship in countries, including the Start, Incubators, and Entrepreneurship Encouragement and Development Programs. Factors of the development of the local ecosystem of Romanian startups have been identified. The ecosystem of startups is attractive to global investors due to the pool of talented technicians and engineers, the availability of high-speed Internet and opportunities for startups to enter the European market, and the availability of effective acceleration programs for startups and digital infrastructure. The strengths and weaknesses of the local ecosystem of Romanian startups have been identified. Insufficient government policy to support startups, in particular in coordinating various programs and tools to boost entrepreneurship; the need to improve the regulatory framework of the country to the needs of digital technology; bureaucratic obstacles to starting and running a startup; the lack of entrepreneurship educa- tion programs in secondary and higher education are attributed to the problematic and weak points in the development of the local ecosystem of startups in Romania. The study allowed us to study the experience of developing the ecosystem of Romanian startups as an example to follow in the Ukrainian environment. Despite the political and economic situation in Ukraine, the is- sue of government assistance in the formation and development of cities for startups will significantly accelerate the process of postwar reconstruction of our country

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ПИТАННЯ ЗАПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ТА ВЕДЕННЯ ВЕНДИНГОВОГО БІЗНЕСУ В УКРАЇНІ

In Ukraine, the implementation of vending activities can be considered one of the promising areas of business that are developing rapidly. In general, retail trade provides an increase in the number of jobs, thereby strengthening the domestic economy. In modern conditions, the level of market supply of goods and the provision of certain services is sufficient. We can observe a tendency to ensure a stable level of volume and structure of sales of goods and services. However, the number of stores is declining, which is associated with the emergence of alternative sales options. One such option can be seen in the sale of various types of goods or services through the installation of popular vending machines. This type of sale allows you to expand the range of goods and services, i.e., to meet as many customer needs as possible. This, in turn, increases the profitability of businesses and minimizes costs, which is especially important in conditions of increased competition in the market. The article analyzes the main approaches and essential characteristics of the features of the introduction and conduct of vending business. The purpose of the study is to study and analyze the domestic experience of the vending business (the essence of the concept, main directions, and participants). According to research, vending is an innovative way to achieve the goals of maximizing income / profitability and minimizing costs. The main groups of vending machines and the main trends in the development of this line of business in the domestic market are highlighted. The advantages and probable risks that accompany entrepreneurs in their chosen field of activity are given. It is proposed to divide vending companies into two groups: those that create or import vending machines and provide services for their installation and maintenance; and start-ups or large enterprises (seeking to start new activities) that buy vending machines to sell different types of goods or provide services. The basic principles of vending companies are described with the example of "AVANGARD", LLC "Liberty Ukraine", G-Water, Siba. Cafe, TM UniPay. Six possible steps for successful entry into this type of business for start-up entrepreneurs have been identified.