Starch Powder Research Articles

The Substitution Effects of Tapioca Starch and Beetroot Powder as Filler On The Physical and Sensory Characteristics Of Chicken Sausage

Red beetroot is rich in phenolic acids and betalain as natural food-coloring agents. Freeze-dried red beetroot that ground into powder can be used as a source of natural coloring to substitute the use of synthetic food color additives as well as filler to substitute tapioca. This study evaluates the function of red beetroot powder not only as filler but also as coloring agent on chicken sausage. Furthermore, its effects as filler (tapioca and beetroot) were also observed on the physical and sensory characteristics of the produced chicken sausage. The substitution of tapioca flour and beetroot powder in this study were 18:0, 17:1, 16:2, and 15:3 (%:%). Each treatment was consisted of three replications. The examined physical properties include pH, water-holding capacity (WHC) and sensory properties. The study found that WHC, color, texture profile and sensory properties were influenced by the increasing level of beetroot flour ratio, while different ratios had no effect on the pH. Chicken sausages made with higher ratio of beetroot flour had good acceptability on flavor and color. The conclusions of this study were substitution tapioca with 2% beetroot powder influenced physical quality (water holding capacity and tenderness) and sensory (color and flavor) of chicken sausage.

Harry John Espiner: medical innovator who invented the Espiner bag

Harry Espiner was a distinguished surgeon, researcher, lecturer, and medical innovator who also designed equipment used by surgeons worldwide. He performed some of the earliest laparoscopic surgery in the UK and developed a special retrieval sac, the Espiner bag, used in keyhole operations such as gallbladder removal. He was always “pushing at the frontiers of innovation,” say colleagues, having also initiated research into the harmful effects of starch powder used in surgical gloves. Espiner, a New Zealander, arrived in the UK in the late 1950s as a well regarded surgical trainee and went on to have a distinguished career as a consultant surgeon at Bristol Royal Infirmary and lecturer at the University of Bristol. He became a pioneer in laparoscopic cholecystectomy and “one of the very first surgeons to take on the new technique in the south west region,” says Alan Roe, who worked with him as a senior registrar and co-researcher. He was also among the first in the world to remove a cancerous tumour of the colon solely by minimal …

ESTIMATION OF STARCH AND SUGARS FOR DETECTION OF POTENTIAL ADULTERATION IN KAJU KATLI, A POPULAR CASHEW NUT BASED INDIAN CONFECTION

India has rich varieties of different confections, amongst them kaju katli is highly popular and has great commercial values. Many small and medium scale manufacturers produce kaju katli because of high consumer demand. Because of expensive ingredients, it is more prone to adulteration. This work has attempted to detect starch, sugar, lactose and skim milk powder (SMP) in kaju katli which are most easily available and cheap ingredients for adulterations or dilutions. Cashewnut (65%), and sugar (35%) were the optimum ingredients for kaju katli preparation as studied from sensory analysis. Further, the amount of adulterant and/or diluent in the prepared kaju katli was determined by varying the ingredients and along with adulterant and/or diluent viz. starch (5-35%), sugar (25-50%), lactose (5-30%) and SMP (5-30%), respectively. The quantification of amount of adulterant and/or diluent added and their actual value determined were determined by the correlation and regression studies. The values quantified had very strong relations with quantity added (R2>0.99). This method will be very useful in quantifying the adulterants and/or diluents in kaju katli.

Assessment of milk adulteration in the commercially available milk for the consumers in Cauvery delta region of Tamil Nadu, India

Milk is an old age symbol of trusted purity has not been the exception for the pull strings of millennium developments. In recent years, milk available in the markets is deviated from its inherent nutritional composition because of adulteration. This study was designed to assess the quality with regards to adulteration in milk which is supplied to the consumers in and around the Cauvery delta regions of Tamil Nadu. A total of 75 milk samples were randomly collected from various sources like street vendors, tea shops, restaurants, hotels and commercially available pasteurized milk outlets and tested for the presence of common adulterants like starch, sugar, glucose, detergents, neutralizers, salt and skim milk powder using a kit for adulteration testing of milk (Himedia). This study revealed that the presence of detergent (48%), sodium chloride (36%), skim milk powder (29.3%), neutralizer (18%), sugar (12%), starch (8%) and urea (8%). It was found that tea shops happened to be a major source followed by restaurant and hotels. It is concluded that awareness needs to be created among the public about the health hazards of adulterants.

Characterisation of Starch from Selected Curcuma Species of Kerala through Microscopy and CHNS Analysis

Starch isolated from different plant sources are regarded as vital in food industry, where the granule size and shape determine its function and uses. Native starches irrespective of their sources are not desirable for many applications. Many Indian tribals explored certain Curcuma species as source for starch and prepare various food items, mainly considering its medicinal importance. Presently, a range of highly priced starch powders are available in the market in the label of herbal nutraceuticals. Starch from the rhizomes of eight different native Curcuma species of Kerala and Maranta arundinacea (Arrow root) were extracted, characterised and compared. It was found that size, shape and CHNS data of starch is varying and could be useful in taxonomic identification of the species. The species specific features of the starch granules would also be useful to find its adulterants. The study also points out its edible value.

Inspecting the properties of polypropylene/ poplar wood flour composites with microcrystalline cellulose and starch powder addition

Biocomposites composed of polypropylene (PP) poplar wood flour (WF) (0% and 20%), microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) (0%, 2%, and 6%), and starch powder (SP) (0%, 5%, and 10%) were examined. The mechanical, physical, biodegradability, and morphological properties were assessed. The mechanical properties, water absorption (WA), thickness swelling (TS), and biodegradability were improved by adding WF to PP. By increasing MCC and SP, the composite modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), tensile modulus, WA, TS, and biodegradability increased. The tensile strength increased by increasing MCC, while the opposite was true for SP. An increase in WA and TS of composite, would decrease static contact angle. The morphological studies indicated that by adding MCC and SP, the composite stress transfer and distribution ability and structural bonding of the composite improved. By increasing the biodegradability and reducing the sample weights, the extent of surface degradability increased.

The addition of tobacco stem powder in the cassava peels biodegradable plastic

Plastic waste has become an environmental problem for all countries. People dispose goods made of plastic causing a build-up of waste because it is difficult to degrade. For this reason, it is necessary to develop environmentally friendly plastics known as biodegradable plastics. This study used starch extracted from cassava peel as base material and tobacco stem powder as a natural reinforcement. Beside the cassava peel starch and tobacco stem powder, glycerol is needed as plasticizer. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of tobacco stem powder and glycerol addition variations on the mechanical properties. This study is designed using a completely randomized design with two factors and three replication. The parameters observed were mechanical properties (thickness, tensile strength, elongation, modulus young) and the morphology of thickness. The results show that the addition of tobacco stem powder and glycerol had a significant effect on mechanical properties. The addition of tobacco stem powder and glycerol could increase the thickness value of biodegradable plastic between 0.173-0.283 mm. The elongation value obtained were inverse with the tensile strength value. The modulus young value was between 0.08-0.81 MPa.

Low-cost novel clay earthenware as separator in microbial electrochemical technology for power output improvement.

A conventional reactor in microbial electrochemical technology (MET) consists of anode and cathode compartments divided by a separator, which is usually a proton exchange membrane (PEM), such as Nafion 117. In this study, a novel porous clay earthenware (NCE) was fabricated as the separator to replace the highly cost PEM. The fabrication of NCEs is with raw clay powder and starch powder that acts as a pore-forming agent at different starch powder contents (10 vol%, 20 vol%, and 30 vol%), ball-milled before hydraulically pressed to form green ceramic pellets and sintered up to 1200°C. The highest power density of 2250 ± 21mW/m2 (6.0A/m2), the internal resistance of 75 ± 24Ω and coulombic efficiency (CE) of 44 ± 21% were produced for MFC-NCE from 30 vol% starch powder content under batch mode operation. The MFC-PEM combination produced the lowest power density, CE and the highest internal resistance up to 1350 ± 17mW/m2 (3.0A/m2), 23 ± 15% and 326 ± 13Ω, respectively.

Exploration of Mucuna pruriens (Linn) starch powder formulations as a natural non-lethal riot control agent

In this study, we explore the dermal toxicity profile of Mucuna pruriens (Linn) hair lining in starch-embedded powder formulations from the natural resources of northeastern part of India and also to explore further the potentiality of this plant as a natural non-lethal riot control agent. The skin irritating, sensitizing and acute dermal toxicity potential of Mucuna pruriens (Linn) embedded in starch powder formulations were investigated in rabbits, guinea pigs, and Wistar albino rats, respectively, as per standard experimental protocol. It was found that the hair lining of M. pruriens showed moderate to severe skin irritation effect on rabbits. Regarding skin sensitization study, hair lining of M. pruriens indicates extreme sensitization on Guinea pigs. In the case of acute dermal toxicity, interestingly, there were no statistically significant changes in blood and serum biochemistry level. In a hematological study, WBC parameters were slightly increased, but after 3–4 days, it declines to a reasonable value. Histopathology of skin showed no detectable abnormality. Therefore, it may be concluded based on these findings that M. pruriens starch powder formulation can be explored as a natural non-lethal riot control agent to create initial skin irritating and sensitizing effect without the antecedence of acute dermal toxicity.

Apparent density of compressible food powders under storage conditions

The stress-dependence of the apparent density and the wall friction angle of various food powders like salt, sugar, flour, starch and protein powders were studied using a ring shear tester. The approximation of the stress-dependence of the apparent density using a power function showed a very good correlation (r2 > 0.97). The two parameters of the approximation function are the apparent density at 1.0 kPa and the exponent, which characterizes the compressibility of the powder. The first correlates very well with the apparent density measured according to ISO 697 or EN ISO 60 (r2 = 0.98), while the second shows some correlation (r2 = 0.76) with the particle size. Combining the powder properties apparent density, the mass median diameter and the spread of the particle size distribution in a power function allows a reasonably good estimate of the exponent (r2 = 0.93). The wall friction angle usually decreases at higher values of the wall normal stress. This dependence can often be approximated using a simple function. However, for powders with a low stress-dependence of the wall friction angle it is better to use a constant average value. Thus, the apparent density of compressible food powders under storage conditions can be described well.

OPTIMAL FERMENTATION CONDITIONS FOR ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCTION BY ENDOPHYTIC Streptomyces cavourensis YBQ59 ISOLATED FROM Cinnamomum cassia Presl

This study determined the optimal nutrient and environmental conditions for the production of antimicrobial and cytotoxic agents by Streptomyces cavourensis YBQ59 during the fermentation process. The antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of eluted fractions based gradient solvents via silica gel column of chromatograph were also evaluated. S. cavourensis YBQ59 exhibited strong, board-spectrum antimicrobial activities under fermentation conditions as follows: MT6 medium with soluble starch and soybean powder as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively, temperature 30oC, initial pH 7.0, 20% DO concentration and with 5% initial seed culture. The kinetic of fermentation showed that the antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities were highest at between 72h and 78h. The fraction 25/1 D-M (dichloromethane –methanol) exhibited the highest antimicrobial effect against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33591 and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 35984 with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 9.4 µg/ml and 6.4 µg/ml, respectively. The fraction 10/1 D-M had strong cytotoxic effects towards multidrug-resistant A459 and H1299 lung carcinoma cell lines with the cell viability of 11.3% and 12.4%, respectively. In conclusion, S. cavourensis YBQ59 would be a potential producer of valuable bioactive compounds that may have a board application in pharmaceutical industry and agriculture (biocontrol, livestock, food safety and quality management)

Quantifying the influence of surface chemical composition on surface energy during powder flow

In this study, the dominant intermolecular interactions at powder surfaces were investigated using inverse gas chromatography. Silica beads coated with molasses, corn starch, butter, or wheat gluten were used as model powders to emulate the interactions of surface components present in common food powders. The flow properties of the powders were analyzed using a rotational shear cell device at ambient conditions (25 °C and 40% relative humidity). A positive correlation (r = 0.72, p < 0.05) between the acid-base ratio (accounting for the ratio between the number of electron acceptor to electron donor surface sites) and the flow factor (flowability indicator, ffc at 1 kPa pre-shear stress) was observed for all the size ranges of surface-modified silica beads and industry-grade powders (modified corn starch and palm oil powders). The results depict the importance of acid-base surface components in understanding the mechanistic influence of pre-load molecular dynamics on the bulk flowability.

Testing and characterization of binary and ternary blends with poly (lactic acid), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene and tapioca cassava starch powder

In this research paper explores about biodegradable polymers such as Poly lactic acid (PLA), Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) and Tapioca cassava starch powder (TCSP) and their blends prepared using conventional method. The prepared bio degradable polymer blends are analyzed with the help of Universal testing machine (UTM-3969), scanning electron microscopy (SEM).On the weight basis PLA, ABS, and TCSP are transferred into binary and ternary blends such as PLA, ABS, PLA/ABS, PLA/ABS/TCSP (wt.%) etc. are compared with various mechanical properties such as tensile stress v/s tensile strain, tensile strength v/s tensile module and compressive. The scanning electron microscopy images for tensile fractured samples showed smooth homogeneous finish and good partial distribution.

Study on Fluidity and Floodability Of Different Potato Powders

The parameters of particle image, particle size, length-diameter ratio, circularity, angle of repose, angle of collapse, angle of difference, plate angle, apparent density, dispersity, tap density, degree of compression, porosity, uniformity, etc. of different powders were tested in order to study the fluidity and floodability of four different potato powders, respectively potato flakes, homemade potato starch, potato starch and grain potato powder. Carr point-weighted method was adopted for evaluating fluidity and floodability of different potato powders. The results show that fluidity: potato flakes> grain potato powder > homemade potato starch> potato starch, floodability: homemade potato starch> potato starch > grain potato powder >potato flakes.

Structural properties of lotus seed starch prepared by octenyl succinic anhydride esterification assisted by high hydrostatic pressure treatment

This paper describes a new method for combining high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) and octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) esterification for starch modification. The degree of substitution (DS) was 0.0148–0.0389 when the OSA concentration increased from 3% to 9%, whereas after HHP treatment, the DS decreased, especially for H-OSA-9%, from 0.0389 to 0.0125. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that OSA with combined HHP treatment destroyed the surface morphology of the starch. FTIR spectroscopy revealed two new absorption peaks at 1526 cm−1 and 1728 cm-1. The particle size of OSA-LS and H-OSA-LS increased significantly (P < 0.05), except H-OSA-9%, owing to the hydrophobic groups introduced into the starch during the esterification reactions; consequently, the starch powders tended to swell and aggregate in aqueous solution. The Mw, Mn, and Mw/Mn of amylose decreased slightly with OSA treatment. The X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed that the crystalline patterns of OSA-LS and H-OSA-LS were preserved, but the crystallinity decreased to different degrees. These results indicated that H-OSA-LS provided conditions for encapsulating lipophilic substances, thus providing a potential direction for further research.

The effect of Cornus mas fruit extract consumption on lipid profile, glycemic indices, and leptin in postmenopausal women-A randomized clinical trial.

Menopause, which occurs following a declined ovarian activity and reduced estrogen levels, can lead to long-term changes in lipid and glycemic profiles and increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis. Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas) is rich in phytochemicals and antioxidants, which appears to be useful in reducing the postmenopausal complications. This interventional, double-blinded, randomized clinical trial carried out on 84 menopaused women aged 45-60 years old. They were randomly divided into two groups. The treatment group received three capsules of 300 mg of Cornus mas extract (CME), and control group received three capsules of 300 mg of starch powder per day for 8 weeks. Then, BMI, waist circumference, glycemic indices, lipid profile, serum apoproteinase, apoprotein B100, fibrinogen, and leptin were measured. The dietary intakes were evaluated using 24-hr dietary recall questionnaire. The consumption of CME in comparison with the control group resulted in a significant reduction in weight, body mass index, waist circumference, LDL to HDL ratio, total cholesterol to HDL ratio, and fibrinogen. There was also a significant increase in HDL and ApoA1 levels in the treatment group. Furthermore, there was a significant decrease in BMI, waist circumference, fasting insulin, and insulin resistance index after 8 weeks of using CME. Summing up the results, it can be concluded that CME can have possible effects on decreasing BMI, waist circumference, and improving some aspects of lipid profile and glycemic indices in postmenopausal women.

Starch-iodine test viewed through a dermoscope

Office-based assessment of sweat gland disorders is most commonly done by the starch-iodine test (Minor test). 1 Minor V. Ein neues Verfahren zu der klinischen Untersuchung der Schweissabsonderung. Dtsch Z Nervenheilkd. 1928; 101: 302-308 Crossref Scopus (225) Google Scholar Tincture of iodine is applied to the surface, and after drying, the area is dusted with starch powder. Sweating causes a change in color from yellow to dark blue, allowing the visualization of sweat. Various modifications have been suggested to improve and simplify the technique. 2 Sato K.T. Richardson A. Timm D.E. Sato K. One-step iodine starch method for direct visualization of sweating. Am J Med Sci. 1988; 295: 528 Crossref PubMed Scopus (65) Google Scholar Direct visualization of sweat glands under a dermoscope can further ease the assessment.

Tensile and Micro Structural Properties Analysis of Biodegradable Polymer Blends

poly lactic acid (PLA), Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and tapioca cassava starch powder (TCSP) were melt blended using twin screw extruder. Mechanical properties, which are tensile strength, young’s modulus, % elongation and flexural strength Vs. flexural modulus determined by the help of Universal testing machine (INSTRON UTM-3969).Morphological of PLA/ABS /TCSP blends was investigated by the help of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the SEM images of (b-d) shows spherical morphology on the tensile fractured

Microstructural and mechanical properties of biocomposites made of native starch granules and wood fibers

Novel biocomposites were fabricated using preforms of unmodified starch powder and wood pulp fibers. Stacks of preforms were consolidated using thermo-compression (TCM) and ultrasonic compression moldings (UCM). The characterization of the microstructure of the biocomposites showed that TCM enabled a better preservation of the crystallinity of starch granules during their welding than UCM. However, UCM allowed a significant gain in processing time. For the best set of forming and material parameters, the composites exhibited an elastoplastic response with strain hardening. Their Young's modulus, flexural strength and strain at ultimate stress reached up to approx. 6 GPa, 70 MPa, and 8%, respectively. The best properties were associated to the partial preservation of the native crystallinity of starch and lowered porosity. Bleached and fibrillated fibers with a large aspect ratio also contributed to the enhancement of composite properties. These effects were explained by a better starch-fiber interface and the presence of a network of connected fibers within the composites.

Improving Sensitivity in Raman Imaging for Thin Layered and Powdered Food Analysis Utilizing a Reflection Mirror

Raman imaging has been proven to be a powerful analytical technique for the characterization and visualization of chemical components in a range of products, particularly in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The conventional backscattering Raman imaging technique for the spatial analysis of a deep layer suffers from the presence of intense fluorescent and Raman signals originating from the surface layer which mask the weaker subsurface signals. Here, we demonstrated the application of a new reflection amplifying method using a background mirror as a sample holder to increase the Raman signals from a deep layer. The approach is conceptually demonstrated on enhancing the Raman signals from the subsurface layer. Results show that when bilayer samples are scanned on a reflection mirror, the average signals increase 1.62 times for the intense band at 476 cm−1 of starch powder, and average increases of 2.04 times (for the band at 672 cm−1) for a subsurface layer of high Raman sensitive melamine powder under a 1 mm thick teflon sheet. The method was then applied successfully to detect noninvasively the presence of small polystyrene pieces buried under a 2 mm thick layer of food powder (a case of powdered food adulteration) which otherwise are inaccessible to conventional backscattering Raman imaging. In addition, the increase in the Raman signal to noise ratio when measuring samples on a mirror is an important feature in many applications where high-throughput imaging is of interest. This concept is also applicable in an analogous manner to other disciplines, such as pharmaceutical where the Raman signals from deeper zones are typically, substantially diluted due to the interference from the surface layer.