Starch Casein Research Articles

Production of Glucose Isomerase from Streptomyces roseiscleroticus

This study was aimed at the isolation and characterization of a microbial strain capable of producing glucose isomerase. Microbial strain was isolated from soil using starch casein agar as a differential media. The isolated microbial strain was capable of producing glucose isomerase which was tested using 2, 3, 5 - triphenyltetrazolium solution as a chromogenic substrate. The microbial strain was identified as Streptomyces species based on its morphological and microscopic characteristics. It was further subjected to molecular characterization using 16S rRNA sequencing and was subsequently confirmed as Streptomyces roseiscleroticus. Glucose isomerase was produced from Streptomyces roseiscleroticus after 120 hr of submerged fermentation at pH 6.8 and at 37°C utilizing xylose as the sole carbon source and a compendium of peptone, beef and yeast extracts as nitrogen sources. These findings suggest that the microbial strain, Streptomyces roseiscleroticus can be a useful bacterial source for the production of glucose isomerase needed for commercial and industrial utilization.

Antimicrobial Profile of Actinomycin D Analogs Secreted by Egyptian Desert Streptomyces sp. DH7.

Egyptian deserts are an underexplored ecological niche, especially the Sinai Peninsula. In our recent study, we explored this extreme environment and shed light on the bioactive capabilities of desert Actinobacteria isolated from Sinai. Fifty desert Actinobacteria were isolated from the Sinai desert using mineral salt media, basal media, and starch casein media. The filtrate of Streptomyces sp. DH 7 displayed a high inhibitory effect against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. The 16S rDNA sequencing confirmed that isolate DH7 belongs to the genus Streptomyces. The NJ phylogenetic tree showed relatedness to the Streptomyces flavofuscus strain NRRL B-2594 and Streptomyces pratensis strain ch24. The minimum inhibitory concentrations against MRSA were 16 and 32 μg/μL. Chemical investigation of the ethyl acetate extract of Streptomyces sp. DH7 led to the isolation and purification of natural products 1–4. Structure elucidation of the purified compounds was performed using detailed spectroscopic analysis including 1 and 2D NMR, and ESI-MS spectrometry. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report for the isolation of compounds 1–4 from a natural source, while synthetic analogs were previously reported in the literature. Compounds 3–4 were identified as actinomycin D analogues and this is the first report for the production of actinomycin D analogs from the Sinai desert with an inhibitory effect against MRSA. We indorse further study for this analog that can develop enhanced antimicrobial activities. We confirm that the desert ecosystems in Egypt are rich sources of antibiotic-producing Actinobacteria.

Evaluation of a Potential Antibacterial Produced by Streptomyces Cinereoruber Sp Isolated from Chlika lake

Streptomyces, isolated from marine and estuarine habitat have been widely recognized as a potential source of antifungal, anti-tumour, anti-bacterial compounds. In the present study, the antimicrobial agent production potential of a Streptomyces cinereoruber sp was evaluated. The selective isolation of the strain was carried out on starch casein agar. The primary screening of the Streptomyces isolate was done by cross streak method against pathogenic test strains Escherichia.coli MTCC 82, Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 96, Bacillus cereus IP406 and Salmonella typhi MTCC 734 and Micrococcus leuteus and the antimicrobial property against Micrococcus leuteus was confirmed. The secondary screening was carried out by using the culture supernatant against the test strain by agar well diffusion method. The growth and antimicrobial production ability of the strain against Micrococcus leuteus was studied. The antimicrobial agent production was also observed till pH 11 and NaCl concentration 3% (w/v). The partially purified compound showed a peak similar to streptomycin in HPLC. The culture condition for the production of the compound was optimised.

CULTURE MEDIA EVALUATION ON THE Leucoagaricus gongylophorus AND Escovopsis sp. FUNGI DEVELOPMENT

This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro interference of different culture media, Czapek Dox Agar, Nutrient Agar, Starch Casein agar, Malt Extract Broth Base, Nutrient Broth, and the medium containing Peptone, Malt, Agar and crushed peach palm pulp (Bactris gasipaes) and tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum) on the fungus Leucoagaricus gongylophorus and the parasitic fungus Escovopsis sp. growth. The fungi were inoculated in different culture media and then kept in acclimatized chambers at 28 ºC in the dark for 42 days, being analyzed at weekly intervals, totaling six evaluations. Fungal colonies were evaluated considering the factor "f" (cm), obtained from the product between the width (W) and length (L) of the diameter of the colonies (f = W x L). The results showed that the symbiotic fungus and the leafcutter ant parasitic fungus showed a growth increase compared to the media provided in the plates, and the media added with tucumã peel, tucumã peel+pulp, fresh peach palm, and cooked peach palm had a significant effect in the L. gongylophorus fungus development. However, these treatments were not promising for the Escovopsis sp. fungus compared to other culture media.

Molecular Identification of Local Isolated Streptomyces Species from North Region soil in Iraq

In this study Streptomyces were isolated from 50 bacterial isolates taken from 30 soil samples, these samples were collected from various locations in Iraq's various regions. The species of Streptomyces were isolated using starch casein agar and diagnosed microscopically and morphologically by Gram staining and glass slide. The sequence analysis 16S rRNA is used to report 11 Streptomyces. 10 bands of DNA gene, a result of specific polymerase chain reaction PCR, are elected from bacterial local isolates where 1000 base pairs within one volume, The PCR products of DNA samples were chosen from 11 local isolates based on nitrogenous base sequences. These organisms are revealed as a result of the study and by using DNA Blast NCBI as fellows; Streptomyces gancidicus, S. werraensis, S. griseorubens, S. hawaiiensis, S. thermocarboxydus, S. cyaneus, S. misionensis, S. bellus, S. parvulus, S. labedae,

Characterization of Bacillus cereus AFA01 Capable of Degrading Gluten and Celiac-Immunotoxic Peptides.

Wheat gluten elicits a pro-inflammatory immune response in patients with celiac disease. The only effective therapy for this disease is a life-long gluten-free diet. Gluten detoxification using glutenases is an alternative approach. A key step is to identify useful glutenases or glutenase-producing organisms. This study investigated the gluten-degrading activity of three Bacillus cereus strains using gluten, gliadin, and highly immunotoxic 33- and 13-mer gliadin peptides. The strain AFA01 was grown on four culture media for obtaining the optimum gluten degradation. Complete genome sequencing was performed to predict genes of enzymes with potential glutenase activity. The results showed that the three B. cereus strains can hydrolyze gluten, immunotoxic peptides, and gliadin even at pH 2.0. AFA01 was the most effective strain in degrading the 33-mer peptide into fractions containing less than nine amino acid residues, the minimum peptide to induce celiac responses. Moreover, growth on starch casein broth promoted AFA01 to degrade immunotoxic peptides. PepP, PepX, and PepI may be responsible for the hydrolysis of immunotoxic peptides. On the basis of the potential of gluten degradation, AFA01 or its derived enzymes may be the best option for further research regarding the elimination of gluten toxicity.

Plant growth promoting actinobacteria from rhizosphere soils of black pepper in Wayanad

Actinobacteria isolated from the rhizosphere soils of black pepper comprising both flood affected and non-flood affected areas of Wayanad district. Among different soil samples analysed, Puttad (Ptd) recorded significantly superior actinobacterial population on starch casein aga, Kenknight & Munaier’s agar and actinomycetes isolation agar. Actinobacterial colonies could not be detected in any of the flooded soil samples on any medium, even at a dilution of 10-1, except in Meppadi soil, which recorded a low population of 0.3x101cfu g-1 soil. Starch casein agar is best media to isolate actinobacteria from soil samples compared to other two media. The cultural, morphological and biochemical characterization of thirty-five isolates was carried out. Further the isolates were evaluated for their plant growth promoting traits such as IAA production, nitrogen fixation, P, K and Zn solubilization. The isolates Ptd-A and Amb-C were found to be significantly superior to all other isolates, with IAA production of 15.9 g ml-1 and 15.38 g ml-1 respectively. The four isolates viz. Ptd-A, Ptd-E, Ptd-B and Ptr-A recorded significantly superior nitrogen fixation and the phosphate solubilized was significantly higher in Ptd-E, Ptd-D, Ptr-E, Ptd-A and Ptr-A, as compared to other isolates. All isolates were negative to K and Zn solubilization. Based on in vitro evaluations, three isolates were shortlisted (Ptd-A, Ptd-E and Ptr-A) and subjected to in vivo evaluation for growth promotion in black pepper (variety Panniyur 1). Rooted plants of black pepper were raised in sterile potting mixture. Bioinoculants applied at the time of planting and 45 days after planting. The PGPR Mix-1 and Organic Package of Practices Recommendations (2017) were used for comparison with the microbial inoculants along with control. In the in-planta experiment, biometric characters were recorded at monthly intervals, up to five months. The actinobacterial treatment, T1: Ptd-E, T2: Ptd-A and T3: Ptr-A showed significant increase in shoot length, number of leaves and internode length throughout the growth period from planting to five MAP. Significantly higher root growth was observed in treatment T2: Ptd-A, with significantly higher root volume, fresh and root weight. The potential actinobacteria were identified Ptd-A and Ptr-A as Streptomyces sp. and Ptd-A as Actinobacteria bacterium using 16S r RNA gene sequencing.

Uji Daya Hambat Isolat Actinomycetes sebagai Antibakteri terhadap Pertumbuhan Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 secara In Vitro

Pneumonia is a lung parenchymal infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.It is Gram negative bacteria that have developed antibiotic resistance. Actinomycetes are Gram-positive bacteria that produce secondary metabolites which have the ability as antimicrobial. Objectives: To identified the ability of Actinomycetes isolates to inhibit the growth of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. The samples in this experiment were from Kebun Raya Bogor that had been rejuvenated on Starch Casein Agar (SCA). Methods: Six dilution series 10-1; 10-2; 10-3; 10-4; 10-5; 10-6 Actinomycetes isolates were used to observe the inhibition zone of P.aeruginosa growth on Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) media by diffusion method. Results: The effective incubation time occurred at 24 hours, and then it resulted in the average clear zone diameter of 14.70 mm, 10.57 mm, 8.53 mm, 8.47 mm, 6.97 mm, and 5.30 mm. The results of the One – Way Anova test with p-value = 0.000 (p < 0.005) showed some differences at each concentration to inhibit the growth of P.aeruginosa ATCC 27853 at 24 hours incubation period. Conclusion: The most effective concentration of Actinomycetes isolates that can potentially be antibacterial was the concentration of 10-1 with potential solid inhibitory power.Keywords: Actinomycetes, antibacterial, Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Fermentation and Extraction of Antibacterial Metabolite Using Streptomyces spp. Isolated from Taplejung, Nepal

Realizing an increasing need for a novel antibiotic, this study was carried out to screen antibacterial metabolites producing actinomycetes from 15 soil samples collected from Taplejung. Antibacterial metabolites producing actinomycetes were confirmed by primary screening and secondary screening. Macroscopic, microscopic, and biochemical characteristics were used for presumptive identification of probable actinomycetes genera. The potential isolate was cultured in starch casein broth for production of possible antibacterial compound. The antibacterial compound was extracted from fermented broth using organic solvents like ethyl acetate, n-butanol, chloroform, dichloromethane, and methanol. Among 24 isolates, only one (T18) showed antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) test-bacteria. The isolate was considered as Streptomyces spp based on microscopy and various biochemical, and physiological characteristics. Extracted antibacterial metabolite showed antibacterial activity with a MIC value of 1.2 mg/mL against E. coli (ATCC 25922). The chromatogram in Thin Layer Chromatography showed only one spot exhibited by extract with Rf value 0.87 suggested that the isolate produced a compound that was completely different from the spot with Rf value 0.94 produced by gentamicin (standard). This study revealed the distribution of the potent antibacterial metabolite producing actinomycetes in the soils of Taplejung.

A Simple Culture Method Enhances the Recovery of Culturable Actinobacteria From Coastal Sediments.

Molecular methods revealed that the majority of microbes in natural environments remains uncultivated. To fully understand the physiological and metabolic characteristics of microbes, however, culturing is still critical for microbial studies. Here, we used bacterial community analysis and four culture media, namely, traditional marine broth 2216 (MB), water extracted matter (WEM), methanol extracted matter (MEM), and starch casein agar (SCA), to investigate the diversity of cultivated bacteria in coastal sediments. A total of 1,036 isolates were obtained in pure culture, and they were classified into five groups, namely, Alphaproteobacteria (52.51%), Gammaproteobacteria (23.26%), Actinobacteria (13.32%), Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes. Compared to other three media, WEM recovered a high diversity of actinobacteria (42 of 63 genotypes), with Micromonospora and Streptomyces as the most cultivated genera. Amplicon sequencing of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene V3–V4 fragment revealed eight dominant groups, Alphaproteobacteria (12.81%), Gammaproteobacteria (20.07%), Deltaproteobacteria (12.95%), Chloroflexi (13.09%), Bacteroidetes (8.28%), Actinobacteria (7.34%), Cyanobacteria (6.20%), and Acidobacteria (5.71%). The dominant members affiliated to Actinobacteria belonged to “Candidatus Actinomarinales,” “Candidatus Microtrichales,” and Nitriliruptorales. The cultivated actinobacteria accounted for a small proportion (<5%) compared to the actinobacterial community, which supported that the majority of actinobacteria are still waiting for cultivation. Our study concluded that WEM could be a useful and simple culture medium that enhanced the recovery of culturable actinobacteria from coastal sediments.

Antimicrobial and antifungal activity of soil actinomycetes isolated from coal mine sites.

In the current study, twenty-eight soil samples were collected from coalmine sites of Telangana, India. The isolates were purified and identified based on their culture characterization on oatmeal agar, glycerol asparagine agar, yeast extract-malt extract agar, inorganic salt starch agar, and starch casein agar medium. Further, the supernatant of all the isolates were tested for antimicrobial and antifungal activities. The biochemical and microscopic studies of isolated strains results indicates the potential isolate strains belongs to Streptomyces genus. Among all the strains the biological activity of BHPL-KSKU5 showed higher anti-bacterial and anti-funagal activity. The molecular characterization of BHPL-KSKU5 16s rDNA gene sequence and phylogenetic tree showed that is mostly related to the Streptomysis felleus (S. felleus) strain. This isolate was submitted to gene bank NCBI with accession number MH553077. In addition, physiological studies such as utilization of carbon, nitrogen, amino acid sources of potential isolated were studied. Further, optimization, purification and characterization of the novel compound producing strain may be helpful for discovering the new therapeutic microbial agent.

New lipase-producing Streptomyces isolated from halo-alkaline habitat in Wadi El Natrun: polyphasic identification and statistical optimization of enzyme production

BackgroundBioprospecting lipase producers in non-conventional habitats are the way to find special enzymes of diverse applications. Halo-alkaline marshes in Wadi El Natrun in Egypt are some of the most stable ecological systems in the world, and because of the double extremities of alkalinity and salinity, they harbor individual microbes capable of adapting stress conditions.ResultsEight strains were recovered from the coastline soil of Al-Beida Lake in Wadi El Natrun and have been tested for lipase production. Among the eight isolates, the strain SBLWN_MH2 was the most active producer of lipase (7.5 U/ml). The crude SBLWN_MH2 lipase showed activity over a wide pH range (3.5 to 13) with an optimum pH at 10.5, and it was able to show more than 75% of its highest activity at pH elevated up to 13. The identification using phenotypic and genotypic methods strongly indicated that the strain SBLWN_MH2 belonged to the genus Streptomyces with a similarity of 99%. Thus, it has been given the suggested name Streptomyces sp. SBLWN_MH2 (MG593538). SBLWN_MH2 produced extracellular lipase in modified starch casein medium supplemented with different oils or Tween-80, and the potential production rate has been attained in the case of linseed oil after 3 days. Further experiments have been carried out to optimize medium composition through Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology, and it was possible to achieve more than 3.5-fold increase in lipase production.ConclusionsThe present study indicates that Streptomyces sp. SBLWN_MH2 is a potential lipase producer and could be fruitfully employed in the large-scale production of highly alkaline lipase.

Plant Growth Promoting Actinobacteria from Rhizosphere Soils of Black Pepper in Wayanad

Actinobacteria isolated from the rhizosphere soils of black pepper comprising both flood affected and non-flood affected areas of Wayanad district. Among different soil samples analysed, Puttad (Ptd) recorded significantly superior actinobacterial population on starch casein aga, Kenknight & Munaier’s agar and actinomycetes isolation agar. Actinobacterial colonies could not be detected in any of the flooded soil samples on any medium, even at a dilution of 10_^{^-1}, except in Meppadi soil, which recorded a low population of 0.3 x 10_^¹ cfu g_^{^-1} soil. Starch casein agar is best media to isolate actinobacteria from soil samples compared to other two media. The cultural, morphological and biochemical characterization of thirty-five isolates was carried out. Further the isolates were evaluated for their plant growth promoting traits such as IAA production, nitrogen fixation, P, K and Zn solubilization. The isolates Ptd-A and Amb-C were found to be significantly superior to all other isolates, with IAA production of 15.9 g ml_^{^-1} and 15.38 g ml_^{^-1} respectively. The four isolates <i>viz</i>. Ptd-A, Ptd-E, Ptd-B and Ptr-A recorded significantly superior nitrogen fixation and the phosphate solubilized was significantly higher in Ptd-E, Ptd-D, Ptr-E, Ptd-A and Ptr-A, as compared to other isolates. All isolates were negative to K and Zn solubilization. Based on <i>in vitro </i>evaluations, three isolates were shortlisted (Ptd-A, Ptd-E and Ptr-A) and subjected to <i>in vivo </i>evaluation for growth promotion in black pepper (variety Panniyur 1). Rooted plants of black pepper were raised in sterile potting mixture. Bioinoculants applied at the time of planting and 45 days after planting. The PGPR Mix-1 and Organic Package of Practices Recommendations (2017) were used for comparison with the microbial inoculants along with control. In the <i>in-planta</i> experiment, biometric characters were recorded at monthly intervals, up to five months. The actinobacterial treatment, T1: Ptd-E, T2: Ptd-A and T3: Ptr-A showed significant increase in shoot length, number of leaves and internode length throughout the growth period from planting to five MAP. Significantly higher root growth was observed in treatment T2: Ptd-A, with significantly higher root volume, fresh and root weight. The potential actinobacteria were identified Ptd-A and Ptr-A as <i>Streptomyces </i>sp. and Ptd-A as <i>Actinobacteria bacterium</i> using 16S r RNA gene sequencing.

Optimization of the antifungal metabolite production in Streptomyces libani isolated from northern forests soils in Iran.

Background and Purpose: Soil bacteria have extreme population diversity among natural sources and are able to produce a wide array of antifungal metabolites. This study aimed to isolate and identify the bioactive metabolite-producing bacteria from forest soils and evaluate their antimicrobial potent against some pathogenic organisms.Materials and Methods: In this study, soil samples were screened for antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus on glucose-yeast extract (GY) agar using a visual agar plate assay method. All growing bacteria were examined for antifungal activity, and antagonistic bacteria were identified based on 16S ribosomal RNA sequence analysis. For optimization of the production of antifungal bioactive metabolites, inhibitory bacteria were cultured on different culture conditions, including media, pH, temperature, and incubation time. Results: In total, 110 bacterial strains were isolated from the forest soils and four species with high antifungal activity were identified as Streptomyces libani, Streptomyces angustmyceticus, Bacillus subtilis, and Sphingopyxis spp. on the basis of 16s ribosomal RNA sequencing. Dichloromethane extract of the starch casein broth culture filtrate of the S. libani (incubated at 30° C for five days) showed strong antifungal activity against A. fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus flavus. Conclusion: Based on the results, forest soils contain organisms with antifungal activity and could be considered as a good source for novel antifungal metabolites as effective and safe therapeutics.

Statistical Optimization of Parameters for Enhanced Bioactive Metabolites Produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus AVS7

The modern technology focuses on developing a novel statistical approach for highest yield of bioactive microbial metabolites which contain therapeutic properties, eventually leading to a promising strategy for treating various diseases and disorders. In this research, we aimed to develop the optimization process for maximum yield of crude pigmented secondary metabolites (CPSM) from Streptomyces hygroscopicus AVS7 through statistical approaches and determine its antimicrobial activity. The isolate produced maximum of 2.92 g/L on 9th day in starch casein nitrate (SCN) medium, and employing the SCN medium as seed medium, the research has initiated one factor at a time (OFT) for screening the essential physical, physiological and biological parameters. The OFT-screened factors were further determined for their importance through Plackett–Burman (PB) design, and the PB results revealed the significant factors (sesame oil cake, KNO3, glycerol, glucose, casein and urea). The experimentation was carried to Box-Behnken (BB) design–RSM using significant factors for the evaluation of interaction between the factors influencing the highest yield of CPSM, and the model was validated. The maximum CPSM extract was yielded by culturing the S. hygroscopicus AVS7 in the optimized medium, and there was twofold increase in the yield of CPSM extract when compared to seed medium. This statistical approach is a low-cost and economical method to develop maximum CPSM for medicinal and industrial purposes. The produced CPSM was found to contain the antimicrobial properties. Further, the research leads to the in vitro and in vivo assessment of purified bioactive secondary metabolite.

Screening Anti-MRSA Activities of Indigenous Microbes and Prediction of The Biosynthetic Gene Clusters

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a species of S. Aureus, which shows resistance to the methicillin class of antibiotics. MRSA infection poses significant health problems because it causes severe disease in a vulnerable population and also because effective antibiotics are limited. Therefore, the research to find the new anti-MRSA compound is a necessity. The genome mining approach through Biosynthetic Gene Clusters (BGC) analysis can detect the ability of microbes to produce antibiotics. Thus, the study aimed to screen potential anti-MRSA microbes and predict their BGC. This study used ten microorganisms isolated from mangrove areas in Segara Anakan Cilacap and clinical MRSA 2983 from the Faculty of Medicine, UNSOED. All samples microorganisms were cultivated in starch casein nitrate agar. DNA isolation used Quick-DNA Fungal/Bacterial Miniprep Kit, 16S rRNA gene amplification used 27F and 1492R primers, and DNA amplicons were sequenced by the Sanger sequencing method. BCG prediction of the associated genes used antiSMASH 5.1.2. The results showed that W-5A, P-6B, and W-5B isolates have anti-MRSA activities with inhibition indexes of 0.58; 0.53; and 0.47, respectively. Species identification revealed similarity of W-5A with Streptomyces longisporoflavus strain Moghannam M1, P-6B with Ochrobactrum intermedium LMG 3301, and W-5B with Streptomyces cellulosae strain NBRC 13027. The results of BGC analysis showed that Streptomyces longisporoflavus has one region involved in the synthesis of tetronasin. Ochrobactrum intermedium has one region involved in the synthesis ambactin. Streptomyces cellulosae has eight gene clusters for tiacumicin B, actinorhodin, ulleungmycin, albaflavenone, desferrioxamine B/E, stenothricin, auricin, and prejadomycin productions. These results indicate that the microbes isolated from Segara Anakan Cilacap serve as promising antibacterial producers.

Enzymatic Activities of Streptomyces spp. Isolated from Natural Habitat of Nipah Worm in Sungai Kakap District, West Kalimantan

Streptomyces involves in the degradation process of organic compounds on the soils, including mangrove forests. In this process, Streptomyces secretes several enzymes to convert the substrates into other substances, which will readily be available for detritus feeders, including nipah worms (Namalycastis rhodochorde). This study investigated the enzyme activities of six Streptomyces spp. that has been isolated from mangrove soil in Sungai Kakap District, West Kalimantan. Enzymatic activities were detected on four different media: CMC-congo red agar, skim milk agar, gelatine nutritive agar, starch casein agar. Catalase activity was detected using 3% of H2O2 solution. The results showed that six Streptomyces spp. had proteolytic, cellulolytic, amylolytic, gelatin liquefaction, and catalase activities. Streptomyces NrASA1 has the highest proteolytic activity index values, namely 0.57. Streptomyces NrASA3 and Streptomyces NrASA4 have the highest amylolytic and cellulolytic activity index values, respectively 0.76 and 1.15. The enzymatic activity profile of indigenous Streptomyces spp. can be utilized for the development of feed formula for nipah worm cultivation.

Antimicrobial efficacy of Nocardiopsis sp. MK_MSt033 against selected multidrug resistant clinical microbial pathogens

BackgroundActinomycetes show an active role in microbial disease control and antimicrobial metabolism production and were shown the greatest potentialities as sources of antimicrobial agents. The past few decades, an extensive literature has accumulated on the production of bioactive compounds from actinomycetes, particularily genus Streptomyces. MethodsThe actinomycetes were isolated with starch casein nitrate (SCN) agar medium. The prospective isolate was subjected to antimicrobial metabolites production. Further, the bio-extract was evaluated their biological properites by agar well diffusion assay and finally the extract was anaylized through GC–MS. ResultsIn the present study, isolated 9 actinomycetes and the isolates were examined for their antifungal activities. Of these nine isolates, the isolate MK_MSt033 picked out from the rest, hences, it showed significant control towards the selected microbial pathogens. The prospective strain MK_MSt033 was determined as Nocardiopsis sp. The strain displayed effective antimicrobial activities against both bacterial and fungal pathgoens such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pencillium sp., and Aspergillus flavus respectively. Subsequently the chemical nature of the compounds produced by the potential isolate MK_MSt033 and it was successfully determined by GC–MS and it were 18 compounds with different retention time. ConclusionThe identified isolate Nocardiopsis sp. MK_MSt033 exhibited potential antimicrobial activities against selected microbial pathogens. Thus, the soil inhabiting Nocardiopsis sp. has explored for pharmaceutically active compounds with promising medical applications.

Effectiveness of Actinomycetes Isolates from Bogor Botanical Gardens Land as Antifungal against Candida albicans Growth in Vitro

Background: Actinomycetes are Gram-positive and anaerobic bacteria noted for its rod-shaped forms. Actinomycetes aso has an antibiotic and antifungal activity. This study aims to identify the effectiveness of Actinomycetes isolate as the antifungal toward C. albicans growth by in vitro. Methods: Collected samples were planted on Starch Casein Agar (SCA) through pour plate method with three dilution series of 10-4, 10-5,10-6. The media used to see the obstacles zone of C. albicans was Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) with well method diffusion. Results: Actinomycetes isolates found in the samples were 15 isolates. From the three-dilution series, the study gets the size average of clear zone 3,78 mm, 4,03 mm and 3,52 mm. One way Anova (α 0,05) result also confirmed the difference of obstacles zone levels between C. albicans concentration. Conclusions: The compound comes from Actinomycetes that has potential as antifungal with one of its mechanism’s bonds ergosterol and resists fungi protein synthesis.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Inhibition of secondary metabolite extract of Streptomyces sp. on Plasmodium falciparum in vitro: A study of soil sediment of Papua's Hamadi mangrove forest

Background: Reports about the resistance of antimalarial drugs demand exploration and development of new drugs. Indonesia's vast maritime area and abundance of mangrove forests have the potential for the development and discovery of active anti-cancer substances, antibiotics and antiplasmodial. Studies on the potential of new drugs from this sector are still limited. Objective: The purpose of this study was to see the potential of Actinomycetes genus Streptomyces sp. as an antiplasmodial in the Hamadi Coast of Papua. Methods: Retrieval of mangrove soil sediments to isolate Streptomyces was located in the Hamadi-Jayapura mangrove forest. Selective isolation was conducted by SCA (Starch Casein Agar) selective media. Identification of Streptomyces sp was examined microscopically through observation of colony morphology and gram staining. The results of isolation of Streptomyces were then fermented on FM3 media until finally secondary metabolite extract of Streptomyces was obtained. The secondary metabolite extract of Streptomyces was tested for its inhibition on the development of Plasmodium falciparum. Result: Analysis of inhibition of the secondary metabolite extract of Streptomyces sp on the development of Plasmodium falciparum showed good results because the extract of Streptomyces sp with a concentration of 100 µg/mL could suppress average growth values of Plasmodium falciparum to only 0.66% with an average inhibitory value of 95.20%. This value followed levels of extract concentration by the lowest concentration of 0.01 µg/mL, the average value of Plasmodium falciparum growth which increased to 10.89% with an average inhibition value of 20.83%. IC50 analysis of Plasmodium falciparum in culture for 48 hours was 0.12 µg/mL, and this value was very good because a test of substance has very good inhibitory activity when the IC50 value is = 10 µg/mL. Conclusion: Streptomyces’ secondary metabolite extract from mangrove sediments showed a very good ability to inhibit the growth of Plasmodium falciparum so that it could have potential as a source of antiplasmodial.