Variant Of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Research Articles

HPV-positive Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Larynx, Oral Cavity, and Hypopharynx: Clinicopathologic Characterization With Recognition of a Novel Warty Variant.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a principal driver for most oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCCs), where it is strongly associated with improved survival. HPV is much less frequently detected in squamous cell carcinomas arising in nonoropharyngeal sites (non-OPSCCs), and its pathogenic role and prognostic value in these tumors is unclear. We evaluated the clinicopathologic features of 52 non-OPSCCs considered HPV-positive based upon p16 immunohistochemistry and direct HPV detection using RNA in situ hybridization (ISH), DNA ISH, or real-time DNA polymerase chain reaction. The HPV-positive non-OPSCCs were from the larynx (n=27), oral cavity (n=21), and hypopharynx (n=4). While most cases (n=34, 65%) showed classic histologic features of HPV-positive OPSCC, including endophytic growth, minimal keratinization, and hyperchromatic nuclei without koilocytic changes, a subset (n=13, 25%) were characterized by exophytic growth, exuberant surface hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis, marked nuclear pleomorphism, and prominent koilocytic atypia. These antithetical features were highly reminiscent of the warty variant of HPV-positive squamous cell carcinoma described in anogenital sites. Compared with tumors without warty features, the warty tumors presented at lower stage and were not associated with lymph node metastasis, local recurrence, or distant spread (4 y disease-free survival of 100% vs. 66%, P=0.069). The presence of transcriptionally active HPV as detected by RNA ISH suggests a pathogenic role for HPV in these nonoropharyngeal sites. While most HPV-positive non-OPSCCs are morphologically similar to their tonsillar counterparts, this study highlights a previously unrecognized warty variant that may be associated with a highly favorable clinical outcome.

Outcome of Treatment in Verrucous Carcinoma of Oral Cavity: A Tertiary Rural Hospital Experience.

Verrucous carcinoma of oral cavity is a highly well differentiated variant of squamous cell carcinoma with a low potential for invasion and metastasis. It is prevalent in the tobacco quid chewing population in our region. In this observational study, we reviewed the medical case records of 58 patients treated for oral verrucous carcinoma staged T2 to T4a. All patients underwent wide excision of tumour which included marginal mandibulectomy in 22 and hemimandibulectomy in 23 patients along with neck dissection saving the accessory nerve and internal jugular vein. 5 patients were found to have bone involvement along the alveolar sockets. 11 patients had other associated premalignant lesions in oral cavity. Only 2 patients had lymph node metastasis without extra nodal spread in submandibular region. With a mean follow up of 6years and minimum follow up of 1year, 3 patients had local recurrence. All these 3 patients had bone involvement and 2 of them had lymph node metastasis on histopathological examination. 3 patients who had associated premalignant lesions developed second primary in oral cavity after 3years. In our experience, verrucous carcinoma has good prognosis when treated by surgery. Bone involvement along alveolar sockets and associated oral premalignant lesions adversely affect the outcome. There was no difference in the outcome between selective and modified radical neck dissection. Therefore selective neck dissection (supraomohyoid) would be adequate in treating these patients. Adjuvant radiotherapy can be reserved for T4a lesions or for positive margins.

Oral papillary squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC): a rare presentation in the palate

Introduction: Oral papillary squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma with an unusual presentation in the palate. Observation: This case report presents a 68 year old male who reported with pain in the roof of the jaw for the past one month. The patient gave a history of a small ulcer over the right palatal region since a year which gradually increased in size. History also revealed that he was a tobacco chewer for around five years and had quit the habit one year back. Clinically, a proliferative growth in the right palatal region was apparent. The growth was firm in consistency and had well-defined borders that crossed the midline of palate. Based on the noticeable clinical signs, the case was provisionally diagnosed as verrucous carcinoma. Histopathology report of the incisional biopsy confirmed the case to be non-invasive oral papillary squamous cell carcinoma. Commentary: OPSCC displays either a papillary variant or exophytic pattern. It has a better prognosis than squamous cell carcinoma of similar clinical stage but is worse than verrucous carcinoma. Conclusion: Since OPSCC may mimic other benign conditions of oral cavity, evaluation of clinical parameters that are associated with the risk of carcinoma is mandatory. This article highlights the significance of histopathological examination that aids the clinician to arrive at a diagnosis for any suspicious papillary lesions.

Head and neck verrucous carcinoma: A population-based analysis of incidence, treatment, and prognosis.

Verrucous carcinoma is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma. The oral cavity, genitals, larynx, esophagus, and skin are usually affected, and the head and neck regions are the most affected areas. Few studies reported about head and neck verrucous carcinoma (VC) in the literature. Therefore, we conducted an extensive population-based study about the VCs to use population-based data to further investigate the incidence, treatment, and survival of head and neck verrucous carcinoma.Patients from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (SEER) between 1973 and 2015 were brought into our study. The data of VCs and other head and neck malignancies (OHNMs) patients were extracted for analysis. We compared characteristics of patients with VC with those of patients with OHNMs.Results were obtained for 2039 cases of VC and 394,739 cases of OHNM. Compared to patients with OHNM, patients with VC were more often female (36.6% vs 31.1%; P < .001), younger (median age 62 vs 67 years; P < .001), and had a smaller tumor size (P < .001). VC cases were of lower histological grade and SEER stage (P < .001). The incidence of VC was 0.075 per 100,000 and decreased over time (annual change −1.855%, P < .001), whereas the incidence of OHNM showed no change. The primary treatment method for VC was surgery, with other treatments showing no significant therapeutic effect.VC is rare, with a decreasing incident trend. The outcome is better compared with OHNM patients. Surgery could significantly improve VC patients’ prognosis.

Sarcomatoid carcinoma of maxillary sinus

Background: Sarcomatoid carcinoma (SC) of paranasal sinuses is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma. We present the case of a patient with maxillary sinus tumor projecting into the oral cavity. Case Presentation: We describe a 79-year-old male who visited the oncology department with complaints of soft tissue growth in the oral cavity. An imaging showed an infiltrating left maxillary antrum mass with locoregional destruction and multiple bone metastases. Histopathology proved this mass as SC. The patient was unfit for surgical resection, so he managed palliatively with radiotherapy. Conclusion: Being a rare entity, management is debatable, but radical surgery followed by adjuvant radiotherapy confers a better disease control. However, if tumor is unresectable, then radiotherapy alone can be helpful in the palliative management of this tumor.

A Case-control Study Comparing and Correlating iNOS Expression among Various Clinicopathological Variants of Oral Leukoplakia and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Immunohistochemistry Study.

ABSTRACTBackground and Objective:The role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) has been implicated in various pathological processes including oral carcinoma. Oral premalignancy being its precursor lesion is also expected to show similar pattern. This study attempts to appraise the iNOS expression in various clinicopathological stages and grades of oral leukoplakia (OL) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).Materials and Methods:A case-control study design was adopted for this study with a total sample of 90 subjects, distributed equally into the three study groups, namely controls, OL, and OSCC. Clinical staging and histopathological grading for both the case groups were performed. Representative tissue samples from all groups were obtained and studied for iNOS expression using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Data were presented in mean and percentages accordingly. Inferential analysis was performed using Kruskal–Wallis test, Mann–Whitney test, and Spearman rank correlation test.Results:Significant (P < 0.001) difference was observed among the groups, where 83.3% of OSCC and 73.3% of OL epithelial cells showed iNOS expression. The normal cells did not show up any expression. The expression was found to rise with the progressing clinical stages of OL (P < 0.05) and OSCC (P < 0.01). Similar pattern was observed with respect to advancing dysplasia in OL (P < 0.01) and cell differentiation in OSCC (P < 0.01). Significant positive correlation was found in clinicopathological categories of OL and OSCC. Considering the risk assessment, iNOS staining was found to be significantly raised in advanced cases of OSCC (P < 0.01) and high-risk cases of OL (P < 0.01).Conclusion:Increased expression of iNOS can be an early diagnostic marker in OL and as prognostic marker in OSCC.

Histopathological Assessment for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Histological assessment of esophageal squamous malignancies is crucial for management of patients with the cancer as well as working in research on the cancer. The squamous malignancies in the esophagus comprise squamous dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma. Current classification of squamous dysplasia in the esophagus is to divide it into low grade and high grade. Most of the esophageal squamous cell carcinomas are of conventional type and divided into well, moderately, and poorly differentiated. The variants of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma include basaloid squamous carcinoma, spindle cell carcinoma, and verrucous carcinoma. Preoperative chemoradiation is used commonly in the treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and induces changes in morphology. Tumor regression grading systems based on the percentage of the remaining carcinoma cells are used to assess the response to the neoadjuvant therapy in the cancer. Additional histological parameters including lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, clearance of resection margins, and carcinoma in the nodal and distant metastatic sites provide essential information for the management of the patient with the cancer.

Characterization of perineural invasion in different histological grades and variants of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Background:Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for 3% of all malignant neoplasms and is the fifth most frequent cancer in the world. They usually spread by hematogenous or lymphatic spread, and perineural invasion (PNI) is considered an alternate method of tumor spread where it is described as the tumor affinity toward a neural tissue.Aim and Objectives:The present study aims to evaluate the biological behavior of OSCC with respect to PNI and to evaluate the importance of PNI with respect to different histopathological grades and variants, tumor stage and lymph node status of OSCC. PNI was also assessed with respect to its frequency, patterns, types and number in various grades of OSCC.Materials and Methods:This retrospective, double-blind study was conducted on 148 histopathologically proven cases of different histopathological grades and variants of OSCC. The tissue sections were examined for PNI and its patterns and were further compared with habit history, site of the lesion, tumor staging, grading and lymph node status.Results:A Chi-square test was performed. A percentage positivity of 45.27% (67 cases) among 148 cases was found. PNI positivity of 63.6% and 50% was observed in T4 and T3 tumor stages, respectively, with high significance. Seventy percent of cases belonging to poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma showed positivity for PNI, which was statistically significant. PNI positivity with respect to lymph node status is nonsignificant.Conclusion:The present study showed that there is a direct proportionality between PNI and different grades and stages of OSCC. Given this context, a histopathologist ought to examine for PNI and make it mandatory to report the same to the clinician for better treatment and follow-up of the patient.

Cancerous lesions in the vicinity of dental implants: a systematic review

Introduction: The massive diffusion of dental implant treatments in the last decades leads to the appearance of complications, most of them inflammatory, although important complications have been described as malignant lesions in the vicinity of dental implants. The objective of this article is to describe the cases described in the literature of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) or clinical variants and metastases, in the vicinity of dental implants and to analyze the possible etiological agents involved. Material and methods: The criteria used were those described in the PRISMA® Declaration for performing systematic reviews. An electronic search was performed on MEDLINE (via PubMed) using the terms MeSH: “dental implants” AND “squamous cell carcinoma” OR “dental implant complications” AND “squamous cell carcinoma”. Results: Thirty-eight articles describing a total of 76 cases of OSCC or clinical variants, as well as metastasis in the vicinity of dental implants, were included. Conclusions: It is not possible to establish a cause-effect relationship between dental implants and the development of OSCC. Its clinical appearance can be confused with periimplantitis, so that, in cases of sudden onset, which do not respond to conventional treatment and/or have associated alterations in sensitivity, a biopsy should be performed.

Dermoscopic criteria of squamous cell carcinoma in relation to clinical variant and histopathologic differentiation grade

Background Although the dermoscopic criteria of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) have been formerly described, little is known about the variance of those criteria according to the SCC clinical and histopathologic features. Objective To analyze the dermoscopic criteria of SCC and relate those criteria to the clinical variant and the histopathologic differentiation grade. Patients and methods This study included 16 patients with 17 lesions confirmed by histopathologic examination as invasive SCC. Patients’ demographics and clinical characteristics of lesions were reported. The dermoscopic criteria were studied and were related to the clinical variant and the histopathologic differentiation grade. Results Keratin and scales were more observed in well-differentiated SCC especially nodular and noduloulcerative lesions with diffuse and central distribution. Alternatively, ulceration and hemorrhage were detected more in moderately differentiated lesions especially noduloulcerative and ulcerative lesions. Well-differentiated lesions showed mainly linear, irregular vessels, while moderately differentiated lesions showed equally linear irregular vessels and coiled vessels. Nodular lesions showed mainly coiled vessels, while noduloulcerative and ulcerative lesions showed predominantly linear irregular vessels. White clues were more observed in well-differentiated lesions, with a predominant white to yellow background, and in nodular lesions. White to yellow color predominated in noduloulcerative lesions while combined color predominated in ulcerative lesions and in moderately differentiated lesions. Conclusion Dermoscopic criteria differ among the clinical SCC variants reflecting different histopathologic differentiation grades that could be linked to the clinical variant.

ORAL VERRUCOUS CARCINOMA: A CASE SERIES

Oral verrucous carcinoma is an uncommon variant of squamous cell carcinoma, characterized by its exophytic outgrowing clinical aspect. In a single-institution 10-year retrospective analysis (2008-2018), 5 cases of verrucous carcinoma were identified, affecting 2 men and 3 women (mean age = 69.2 y, ranging from 62-80 y). All cases presented as an exophytic verrucous growth on the buccal mucosa, with fibrous consistency to palpation. Four lesions exhibited a sessile insertion, whitish color, not removable by scraping; 1 lesion had a pedicled insertion and brownish color. Histologic sections depicted neoplasia of epithelial origin composed of neoplastic cells arranged in broad ridges, elongated toward the surface, covered by abundant parakeratin. Corneal pearls, nuclear pleomorphism and hyperchromatism, and increased mitosis rate were observed. The dense connective tissue revealed chronic inflammatory infiltrate in all cases. All patients underwent surgical resection and remain under follow-up care. Oral verrucous carcinoma is an uncommon variant of squamous cell carcinoma, characterized by its exophytic outgrowing clinical aspect. In a single-institution 10-year retrospective analysis (2008-2018), 5 cases of verrucous carcinoma were identified, affecting 2 men and 3 women (mean age = 69.2 y, ranging from 62-80 y). All cases presented as an exophytic verrucous growth on the buccal mucosa, with fibrous consistency to palpation. Four lesions exhibited a sessile insertion, whitish color, not removable by scraping; 1 lesion had a pedicled insertion and brownish color. Histologic sections depicted neoplasia of epithelial origin composed of neoplastic cells arranged in broad ridges, elongated toward the surface, covered by abundant parakeratin. Corneal pearls, nuclear pleomorphism and hyperchromatism, and increased mitosis rate were observed. The dense connective tissue revealed chronic inflammatory infiltrate in all cases. All patients underwent surgical resection and remain under follow-up care.

BASALOID SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OF THE MOUTH FLOOR: CASE REPORT

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a rare aggressive variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We report a case of a 42-year-old male patient, a smoker and alcoholic, presenting a painless erythroleukoplakia lesion in the floor of the mouth, measuring approximately 2.5 cm in diameter with 5 months of evolution. There were bilateral palpable submandibular lymph nodes. The presumptive diagnosis was SCC, and an incisional biopsy was carried out. Pathologic analysis revealed proliferation of nests, islands, and trabeculae of basaloid cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and scarce cytoplasm. An atypical squamous component was evident in some regions of the specimen. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed intense positivity for CK14 and P16 and negativity for CK7. The diagnosis was BSCC. The patient was referred to a public head and neck oncology service for definitive surgical treatment and radiotherapy. A discussion on the clinical, histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and therapeutic aspects of BSCC will be provided. Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a rare aggressive variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We report a case of a 42-year-old male patient, a smoker and alcoholic, presenting a painless erythroleukoplakia lesion in the floor of the mouth, measuring approximately 2.5 cm in diameter with 5 months of evolution. There were bilateral palpable submandibular lymph nodes. The presumptive diagnosis was SCC, and an incisional biopsy was carried out. Pathologic analysis revealed proliferation of nests, islands, and trabeculae of basaloid cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and scarce cytoplasm. An atypical squamous component was evident in some regions of the specimen. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed intense positivity for CK14 and P16 and negativity for CK7. The diagnosis was BSCC. The patient was referred to a public head and neck oncology service for definitive surgical treatment and radiotherapy. A discussion on the clinical, histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and therapeutic aspects of BSCC will be provided.

GINGIVAL CARCINOMA CUNICULATUM: RARE VARIANT OF SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OFTEN MISDIAGNOSED AS AN INFLAMMATORY PROCESS

Carcinoma cuniculatum (CC) is a rare variant of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). To date, 50 cases of oral CC have been reported. A 67-year-old white female patient presented complaining of a painless tumor mass in the left mandibular body with several months of evolution. Previous dental history indicated extraction of teeth #37 and #38 and chronic osteomyelitis. Intraoral examination revealed an irregular exophytic mass in the region of the extracted teeth, which exhibited a yellow purulent discharge during palpation. Radiograph evidenced an osteolytic lesion with irregular and ill-defined borders. An incisional biopsy was performed, which showed an intense squamous epithelial proliferation, with frequent invaginations that delimited pseudocystic cavities filled with parakeratin and peeled cells. In the deepest part, foci of osseous resorption permeated by squamous epithelium were visualized. In conclusion, oral CC should be considered in the differential diagnosis, especially when assessing persistent "reactive inflammatory process." Carcinoma cuniculatum (CC) is a rare variant of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). To date, 50 cases of oral CC have been reported. A 67-year-old white female patient presented complaining of a painless tumor mass in the left mandibular body with several months of evolution. Previous dental history indicated extraction of teeth #37 and #38 and chronic osteomyelitis. Intraoral examination revealed an irregular exophytic mass in the region of the extracted teeth, which exhibited a yellow purulent discharge during palpation. Radiograph evidenced an osteolytic lesion with irregular and ill-defined borders. An incisional biopsy was performed, which showed an intense squamous epithelial proliferation, with frequent invaginations that delimited pseudocystic cavities filled with parakeratin and peeled cells. In the deepest part, foci of osseous resorption permeated by squamous epithelium were visualized. In conclusion, oral CC should be considered in the differential diagnosis, especially when assessing persistent "reactive inflammatory process."

CARCINOMA CUNICULATUM OF THE ALVEOLAR RIDGE

Carcinoma cuniculatum (CC) is a rare, well-differentiated variant of oral squamous cell carcinoma that usually affects the mucoperiosteum of older patients. Oral CC appears mainly as locally destructive tumors with superficial drainage of keratin, with low risk of metastasis. A 56-year-old white woman, a nonsmoker and nondrinker, presented a nonhealing gingival ulcer with duration of 2 months. Intraoral examination showed a well-defined irregular ulcer in the posterior upper alveolar ridge with drainage of a whitish material suggestive of keratin during palpation. Periapical radiograph showed an ill-defined osteolytic lesion. Microscopic evaluation showed well-differentiated proliferation of squamous epithelium with mild cytologic atypia exhibiting multiple infiltrative and branching keratin-filled epithelial crypts. Oral CC may appear as an irregular ulcer in the alveolar ridge with drainage of whitish material, which may be clinically similar to benign inflammatory diseases of the jaws. Carcinoma cuniculatum (CC) is a rare, well-differentiated variant of oral squamous cell carcinoma that usually affects the mucoperiosteum of older patients. Oral CC appears mainly as locally destructive tumors with superficial drainage of keratin, with low risk of metastasis. A 56-year-old white woman, a nonsmoker and nondrinker, presented a nonhealing gingival ulcer with duration of 2 months. Intraoral examination showed a well-defined irregular ulcer in the posterior upper alveolar ridge with drainage of a whitish material suggestive of keratin during palpation. Periapical radiograph showed an ill-defined osteolytic lesion. Microscopic evaluation showed well-differentiated proliferation of squamous epithelium with mild cytologic atypia exhibiting multiple infiltrative and branching keratin-filled epithelial crypts. Oral CC may appear as an irregular ulcer in the alveolar ridge with drainage of whitish material, which may be clinically similar to benign inflammatory diseases of the jaws.

EXTENSIVE SPINDLE CELL CARCINOMA IN THE LIP—A CASE REPORT

Spindle cell carcinoma (SpCC) is considered a rare high malignant variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) occurring predominantly in the upper aerodigestive tract. Lane tumor is a synonym for SpCC and is an uncommon poorly differentiated type of SCC comprising up to 3%. SpCC most commonly occurs in the sixth to seventh decades of life and usually affects men. A 66-year-old white patient was presenting an extensive ulcerated lesion affecting the lower lip with infiltrative fibroelastic consistency, local symptomatology, and 1 year of evolution. An incisional biopsy was performed, and the histopathologic findings were compatible with SpCC. Immunohistochemistry was also performed, which showed positivity for S-100. The association of clinical and histopathologic characteristics and the immunohistochemical analysis led to the diagnosis of SpCC. The patient was guided and referred to a head and neck surgeon for treatment.

Verrucous Carcinoma:A Case Report

Verrucous carcinoma is a variant of squamous cell carcinoma. It most typically affects the mouth with buccal mucous membrane being the most typical site affected. Clinically its proliferative finger like projections or a cauliflower like growth could be a typical feature towards diagnosis. It's more common in tobacco user and more predilection in males. The histopathological diagnosis of verrucouscarcinoma is quite difficult and need immense expertise to report a case of verrucous carcinoma. Though verrucous carcinoma is a benign lesion with minimum aggressive potential however long standing cases shows transformation into squamous cell carcinoma. Here in we discussthe clinical and histopathological finding of the case of 80 year old male patient with oral verrucous carcinoma on buccal sulcus as a differential diagnosis with possible etiology, management of the lesion.

Oral variant of acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma—Histochemical and immunohistochemical features

Acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) is an uncommon variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). It is characterized by a combination of typical SCC and pseudoglandular structures, dyskeratotic cells and prominent acantholysis.The purpose of this study was to analyze the histochemical and immunohistochemical characteristics of the intraoral variant of ASCC. Cases of intraoral ASCC were retrieved from the English language literature. Four new cases from our files were added.In total, 35 cases were included and analyzed in this study. The mean age of the patients was 61.5 + 13 years (age range 38–92 years), with a male-to-female ratio of 1.7:1. According to the available data, histochemical and immunohistochemical stains for mucins were found to be consistently negative. E- cadherin, a marker of adherens junctions, was usually reported to be expressed in areas of “typical” (non acantholytic) SCC, but reduced in the acantholytic areas. We examined for the first time the expression of claudin 1, a marker of tight junctions, and found it to be reduced in the acantholytic areas, similar to E-cadherin. Several cases of oral ASCC also expressed vimentin and cytokeratin (CK) 19, markers associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition. A wide range of non-epithelial markers yielded negative immunoreactions.In conclusion, ASCC is an uncommon variant of squamous cell carcinoma. The acantholytic process appears to involve reduced expression of molecular components of both adherens junctions and tight junctions. These findings could suggest a relation to the epithelial mesenchymal transition process and therefore further studies are needed in order to establish such a link and the subsequent possible impact on the clinical outcome of the patients.

Pulmonary papillary squamous cell carcinoma: a population-based analysis of incidence, treatment, and prognosis.

Pulmonary papillary squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) is a rare variant of pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). This study aims to improve relevant understanding and demonstrate the incidence, treatment, and prognosis of pulmonary PSCC using a population-based database. The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database was used to extract data of cases diagnosed with PSCC from 1973 to 2015 and analyze the incidence, treatment, and prognosis. A total of 151 pulmonary PSCC cases were identified. The incidence of pulmonary PSCC cases in 2015 was 0.009 per 100,000 persons. The tumor grade of pulmonary PSCC cases was significantly lower than that of SCC cases (P<0.001). Both cancer-specific (CSS) and overall survival (OS) of pulmonary PSCC were significantly higher than those of other pulmonary SCCs (P<0.001). The outcomes of pulmonary PSCC cases receiving surgery were significantly better than cases without surgery (P<0.001). On the contrary, patients with radiotherapy had a worsened prognosis compared with those without radiotherapy (P<0.05). As expected, the prognosis of pulmonary PSCC cases receiving surgery was significantly better than that of pulmonary PSCC cases receiving chemotherapy and radiotherapy (both P<0.05). Our population-based evidence shows that pulmonary PSCC, as a rare cancer, has a better prognosis compared with other pulmonary SCCs. Surgery was the only effective treatment to improve CSS and OS, while chemotherapy was ineffective and radiotherapy worsened prognosis.

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma in the mandibular gingiva

AbstractBasaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a histologically distinct variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). In this report, we present a case of a 67‐year‐old man diagnosed with BSCC in the mandibular gingiva. The patient underwent resection of the gingival tumor with a partial mandibulectomy and a functional neck dissection. The mandibular gingiva was reconstructed with forearm free flap. The patient remained in good general health and free of disease for 44 months.

Verrucous Carcinoma of Gingiva

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