Germination Length Research Articles

MEG8 regulates Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor 2 (TFPI2) expression in the endothelium

A large portion of the genome is transcribed into non-coding RNA, which does not encode protein. Many long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to be involved in important regulatory processes such as genomic imprinting and chromatin modification. The 14q32 locus contains many non-coding RNAs such as Maternally Expressed Gene 8 (MEG8). We observed an induction of this gene in ischemic heart disease. We investigated the role of MEG8 specifically in endothelial function as well as the underlying mechanism. We hypothesized that MEG8 plays an important role in cardiovascular disease via epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Experiments were performed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In vitro silencing of MEG8 resulted in impaired angiogenic sprouting. More specifically, total sprout length was reduced as was proliferation, while migration was unaffected. We performed RNA sequencing to assess changes in gene expression after loss of MEG8. The most profoundly regulated gene, Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor 2 (TFPI2), was fivefold increased following MEG8 silencing. TFPI2 has previously been described as an inhibitor of angiogenesis. Mechanistically, MEG8 silencing resulted in a reduction of the inhibitory histone modification H3K27me3 at the TFPI2 promoter. Interestingly, additional silencing of TFPI2 partially restored angiogenic sprouting capacity but did not affect proliferation of MEG8 silenced cells. In conclusion, silencing of MEG8 impairs endothelial function, suggesting a potential beneficial role in maintaining cell viability. Our study highlights the MEG8/TFPI2 axis as potential therapeutic approach to improve angiogenesis following ischemia.

Effect of projected climate scenarios on the yields of potato crop and agronomic adaptation options as evaluated by crop growth model

Potato is the most important non-cereal crop in the world and the most prominent winter season crop in India. Growth and yield of potato crop is very much sensitive to higher temperatures and the moisture stress. Hence, the anticipated increase of temperature due to global warming and climatic variability will have anadverse impact on potato production. Keeping this in view, a research work was carried out with the objectives to assess the impact of climate change on potato production and evaluating agronomic adaptation options through a crop growth simulation model (CGSM). Field experiments were carried out to prepare the minimum dataset for calibration and validation of one CGSM, namely InfoCrop. After validation, the model was used to predict the future tuber yield of ten selected stations situated under different agroclimatic regions of the State. In the future scenario 2050, the simulated yield for mid November planted crop likely to be about 11% less than the present level of mean yield. If the crop is planted in December, the percentage of yield reduction may be around 25%.The projected yield reduction, for the stations of higher latitude, is found to be negligible. Three possible agronomic adaptation options, viz., adjustment of date of planting, increase of seed rate and varying sprout length of seed tubers, have been tried as adaptation strategies to combat the adverse effects of climate change. It is concluded that the mid-November planting and longer sprout length will be the best adaptation option. However, the enhanced seed rate is not a viable adaptation option.

Genetic elimination of lipoxygenase‐2 improves sprouting and tocopherols, and removal of Kunitz trypsin inhibitor enhances in vitro protein digestibility in soybean (Glycine max)

AbstractGenetic removal of lipoxygenase‐2 (Lox‐2) and Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI) from soybean seeds is desired as the former generates off‐flavour associated with soy products while the latter affects protein digestibility. In the present study, Lox‐2 null and KTI null introgressed lines developed by introgressing null alleles of Lox‐2 and KTI in recurrent genotype JS97‐52 were assessed for sprouting attributes, storage protein fractions, in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD), tocopherol composition, thiobarbituric acid (TBA) number and Bowman–Birk inhibitor (BBI) in comparison with the recurrent genotype. Lox‐2 null introgressed line (NLx2IL) exhibited significantly (P < .05) higher first count, sprouting index, sprout length, tocopherol isomers and reduced TBA number. Null KTI introgressed line (NKTIIL) showed significantly (P < .05) enhanced IVPD and BBI concentration. The study showed that genetic elimination of lipoxygenase‐2 and KTI improved the sprouting and nutritional value of soybean, respectively.

Uticaj malein hidrazida na proklijavanje crnog luka tokom i nakon skladištenja

Testing of the effects of maleic hydrazide (MH) and storage conditions on onion sprouting was conducted during the seasons of 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. The trials were set up in the locality of Gospođinci. Maleic hydrazide was applied 21 days before the harvest using the commercial plant protection product Royal MH 30, in the quantity of 12.5 l -ha . During the storage period onion bulbs weight and number of sprouted bulbs, as well as the weight and length of sprouts per bilb were recorded each month (assessments I-VIII). Also, the loss of onion bulb weight compared to the beginning of the storage period was assessed at the end of the trial period. In order to determine sprouting level of onion bulbs after leaving the storage facility, the number of visibly sprouted onion bulbs was recorded every 10 days for a period of six weeks. Length of the sprout was measured on sprouted onion bulbs, while onion bulbs with no visible sprouts were cut in half at the end of the experiment, in order to determine the sprout growth inside the bulb. Under the MH treatment, depending on the trial year, weight of the treated onion bulbs was lower by 9.5-10.6%, compared to their pre-storage weight. Efficacy of MH in preventing onion sprouting was also confirmed with a significantly lower number of sprouted bulbs, as well the sprout length and weight parameters. Furthermore, after leaving the storage facilities (constant temperature 18-20oC) the total percentage of sprouted bulbs in the control was 62-68%, while in the MH treatment it was 10-16%. No internal sprouts were recorded in 53.3-54.8% of the treated onion bulbs, while in the control group only 10.5-18.8% of cut bulbs did not have internal sprouts.

Importance of 1,4-dimethylnaphthalene in maintaining the quality of stored tubers of Asterix and Challenger cultivars

This work aimed to analyze 1,4-DMN efficiency in the suppression of sprouting and the consequent maintenance of quality in potato tubers of Asterix and Challenger cultivars stored during different periods under varying temperatures: eight treatments with and without 1,4-DMN under temperatures of 8 °C and 20 °C. Treatments effect were evaluated after 0, 45, 90, 135 and 180 days after application. The evaluated parameters were the loss of fresh mass, length of the sprouts and activity of the enzymes polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase. The results indicate that the application of 1,4-DMN reduces the loss of fresh mass, this effect was more intense for the cultivar Challenger, at 8 °C. There were also significant effects in reducing the average length of the sprouts for both cultivars evaluated, after 180 days, at 20 °C. There was little or no difference in the level of oxidative stress caused in the tubers. Hence, the effects of 1,4-DMN on the quality control of potatoes included reduced loss of fresh mass and a shorter average length of sprouts for both cultivars evaluated compared to control, for both temperatures. These effects intensify in the cultivar Challenger and treatments with temperatures of 20 °C.

IBA effect on hardwood stem cuttings of Morus alba in open conditions in Punjab region

The research trial was conducted at Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India. The hardwood stem cuttings of Mulberry basal portions were treated with 0, 150, 250, 500, and 750 ppm solutions of IBA for 24 hrs by slow dip method. The mulberry cuttings have rooted on raised beds under the open field conditions. In all the treatments, Number of sprouted cuttings, average length of sprouts (cm) and diameter of sprouts (mm) were higher in T2 treatment (IBA 150 mg l-1) and a live cutting (%), no. of roots/cutting, length of roots/cutting (cm) was higher in T5 treatment (IBA 750 mgl-1).

Enhanced total flavonoid accumulation and alleviated growth inhibition of germinating soybeans by GABA under UV-B stress.

Germination of soybeans under ultraviolet-B (UV-B) treatment is a simple and effective way to enrich soybean isoflavones, but its mechanism of action is not yet clear. G-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a signaling molecule that is involved in the accumulation of secondary metabolites as well as the regulation of plant development and metabolism. In this study, the effects of exogenous GABA and its inhibitors on the physiological and biochemical, antioxidant systems, total flavonoid content, activity and gene expression of isoflavone metabolism related enzyme in germinating soybeans under UV-B treatment were investigated. Compared to UV-B treatment alone, soybean treated with GABA (5 mM) in combination with UV-B significantly increased sprout length, fresh weight, Ca2+ inward flow and peroxidase and catalase activities, and decreased malondialdehyde and H2O2 and O2˙− fluorescence intensity, while soybean treated with GABA inhibitor showed the opposite trend. Meanwhile, total flavonoid content increased by 11.2% and 6.7%, respectively, in 2- and 4 day-old soybeans under UV-B treatment, compared to UV-B treatment alone. Moreover, the application of GABA under UV treatment significantly increased the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and cinnamic acid-4-hydroxylase, with values increasing by 43.6% and 18.5%, respectively, in four-day-old soybean compared to UV treatment alone, which also increased the relative expression of key genes involved in isoflavone metabolism. The GABA inhibitor 3-mercaptopropionic acid blocked these occurrences. According to this research, GABA could operate as a signaling molecule to mediate isoflavone accumulation in soybean sprouts under UV radiation and stimulate soybean sprout growth.

Mechanistic characterization of endothelial sprouting mediated by pro-angiogenic signaling.

ObjectiveWe aim to quantitatively characterize the crosstalk between VEGF‐ and FGF‐mediated angiogenic signaling and endothelial sprouting, to gain mechanistic insights and identify novel therapeutic strategies.MethodsWe constructed an experimentally validated hybrid agent‐based mathematical model that characterizes endothelial sprouting driven by FGF‐ and VEGF‐mediated signaling. We predicted the total sprout length, number of sprouts, and average length by the mono‐ and co‐stimulation of FGF and VEGF.ResultsThe experimentally fitted and validated model predicts that FGF induces stronger angiogenic responses in the long‐term compared with VEGF stimulation. Also, FGF plays a dominant role in the combination effects in endothelial sprouting. Moreover, the model suggests that ERK and Akt pathways and cellular responses contribute differently to the sprouting process. Last, the model predicts that the strategies to modulate endothelial sprouting are context‐dependent, and our model can identify potential effective pro‐ and anti‐angiogenic targets under different conditions and study their efficacy.ConclusionsThe model provides detailed mechanistic insight into VEGF and FGF interactions in sprouting angiogenesis. More broadly, this model can be utilized to identify targets that influence angiogenic signaling leading to endothelial sprouting and to study the effects of pro‐ and anti‐angiogenic therapies.

POTENSI ALELOKIMIA DARI EXTRACT DAN MULSA BIOMAS TANAMAN SORGUM (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)

[ALLELOCHEMICAL POTENTIAL OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT AND MULCH OF PLANT BIOMASS OF SORGHUM (Sorgum bicolor L. Moench)]. This study was aimed to examine the allelopathic potential of sorghum through aqueous extract and mulch from biomass on seed germination and early growth of three tested plants, namely rice, mustard and cucumber. The results showed that the aqueous extract of the sorghum biomass significantly inhibited the germination of mustard and cucumber seeds, reduced the vigor-index of the germination of rice, mustard and cucumber seeds, and suppressed the growth of radicle length of mustard sprouts. The same thing was seen when sorghum biomass was tested as mulch which also suppressed the early growth of the tested plants on the variables of stem height, fresh and dry weight of biomass of rice, mustard and cucumber. The higher the concentration of allelochemicals extract or sorghum mulch, the stronger the inhibition on germination and early growth of the three test plants. At a concentration of 10% allelochemicals suppressed the germination of mustard and cucumber to 76 and 79%, respectively, while a dose of 10% mulch suppressed early growth in the height of rice, mustard, and cucumber to 56, 55, and 68%; and dry weight to 53, 30 and 60%. The results of this study are important information about the allelochemical potential of sorghum as a natural herbicide in integrated weed management

Assessment of the Effect of Cutting Length on Sprout and Growth of Pterocarpus santalinoides L’hérit. Ex Dc

Aims: This study evaluated the effect of cutting lengths on sprouts and seedling growth of P. santalinoides.
 Study Design: The experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomised Design (CRD).
 Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management Nursery, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria, between April 2019 and March 2020.
 Methodology: Ten (10) cuttings per cutting length were planted in a polybag filled with forest topsoil. The treatments are; 13, 20, 25 and 33 cm cutting lengths. Five seedlings per treatment were randomly selected and dried for biomass. Emergence of sprouts, number of leaves and branches, survival rate, number of cuttings that sprouted, sprout length, root length and biomass were determined and subjected to analysis of variance.
 Results: Sprouts emergence occurred earliest in 25 cm cuttings (7 days) and latest in 13 and 20 cm cuttings (12 days). There were significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) in leaf number at month 1, number of branches at months 1, 3, 5 and 9, cutting length at month 2 and root to shoot ratio and non-significant differences (P > 0.05) in leaf number at months 3,5,7,9 and 11, number of branches at months 7 and 11, number of sprouts, cutting length at month 12, root length, shoot biomass, root biomass and total fresh and dry weight. Twenty five (25) cm long cutting enhanced sprout parameters while 33 cm long cutting enhanced root parameters.
 Conclusion: The result showed that 25 and 33 cm long cuttings are most suitable cutting lengths and are therefore recommended for growth of the species.

Multi-layer Budding of Oversized Rubber (Hevea brasiliences) Seedlings: Success and Growth in Different Soil Media

The study on Multi-layer budding of oversized rubber seedling aimed at evaluating the success of multiple budding operation on single seedling of rubber tree species comprising of 4 to 7 budding layers per seedling. The experiment used randomized complete blocked design layout with 3 treatments such as 4, 5 and 7 layer budding in a single seedling replicated 4 times. Results revealed that the highest number of budding layers succeeded significantly higher as compared to 4 and 5 layers. The main survival percentage is about 79.17% for the 7 layers, 76.52% for the 5 layers and only about 55.36% for the 4 layers. Pure garden soil reported to have significant results on sprouting rate, sprout length, stalk diameter and number of leaves. This finding emphasized that budding of rejected oversized rubber seedlings grown in an abandoned nurseries can be reutilized for mass production of budded cuttings through multiple budding of 7 layers per seedlings to maximize planting materials derived from single seedlings.

Influence of duration of storage and pre-sowing electromagnetic treatment on the development of the primary root system of cotton seeds

Abstract. Seeds of five Bulgarian cotton varieties, stored for one and two years, were subjected to five pre-sowing electromagnetic treatments with different intensity and duration of exposure. It was found that the selected values of controllable factors had stimulating effect on the total length and total mass of sprout and root. The total length of sprout and root increased by 7.5-16.4% (p<0.05), the total mass of sprout and root increased by 7.8-12.7% (p<0.05). The best treatment options were 1[U=(8…5)kV, τ =(15…35)s] and 4[U=(6…3)kV, τ =(5…25)s]. Electromagnetic treatments had stronger positive effect on seeds stored for one year. Compared to the untreated control, corresponding to each storage period, the electromagnetic impact had stimulating effect for both storage periods: for the total length of sprout and root the increase was by 7.6-21.1% and 2.3-11.0% at option 4; for the total mass of sprout and root it was by 10.8-16.5% at option 1 and 4.5-9.1% at option 4, respectively, at one-year and two-year storage of seeds. In comparison with the control Chirpan-539 variety, untreated seeds, one-year storage, higher values for both studied characteristics were found only for seeds stored for one-year: for the total length of root and sprout at the varieties Natalia, treatment options 1 and 4, Nelina and Helius, options 2 and 4 and Chirpan-539, option 1; for the total mass of root and sprout at the varieties Nelina, options 1, 2 and 3 and Chirpan-539, option 5. Compared to the untreated control corresponding to each variety, the stimulating effect of the pre-sowing electromagnetic treatment for the two characteristics was found for all varieties, for both storage periods. The Helius variety was the most responsive to the electromagnetic impact, with the strongest stimulating effect for both characteristics, at the one-year storage of seeds the total length of sprout and root increased most strongly by 34.8-43.9% at options 1, 4 and 2[U=(6…3)kV, τ =(15…35)s], and the total mass of sprout and root increased by 48.5% at options 1.

EFFICIENCY OF USE CREZACIN AND ZIRCON GROWTH STIMULANTS ON SOWING QUALITIES OF SEEDS AND BIOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF SPROUTS OF KHINGAM FIR (ABIES NEPHROLEPIS)

The article presents the study of the stimulating effect of aqueous solutions of growth stimulants Crezacin and Zircon, and the identification of doses that activate the germinative energy, laboratory germination of seeds and the growth of biometric parameters of sprouts along the length and weight of Khingam fir (Abies nephrolepis). The greatest stimulating effect on the sowing qualities of Khingam fir seeds by the Crezacin and Zircon shown in the concentrations of solutions of 1∙3∙10-3–1∙6∙10-3 ml/l. Germinative energy and laboratory germination of seeds exceeded the control group by 84.8-293.9, 106.4-273.4% and 112.1-203, 59.6-187.2%, respectively. The seed quality class increased from the third to the second and first ones. The growth stimulator Crezacin had a more positive effect on the growth of sprouts along the length and weight at solution concentrations of 1∙2∙10-3–1∙6∙10-3 and 1∙2∙10-3–1∙7∙10-3 ml/l (excess to control group – 7,7–41,7 and 6,1-61,4%). Zircon is less effective. Its positive effect on the growth of the length and mass of sprouts was noted at concentrations of 1∙4∙10-3–1∙5∙10-3 and 1∙2∙10-3–1∙7∙10-3 ml/l (excess to control group – 8,3–25 and 6,1-46,5%).

Single and joint toxicity of polymethyl methacrylate microplastics and As (V) on rapeseed (Brassia campestris L.)

Most microplastics and arsenic (As) have been released into farmland via industrial and agricultural activities, posing a potential threat to crop growth and food safety. Thus far, few studies have focused on the phytoxicity of microplastics and As to leafy vegetable. In this study, we evaluated the single and combined toxicological effects of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and As(V) on rapeseed (Brassia campestris L.). Single treatments of two sizes of PMMA particles, namely PMMA nano-plastics (PMMANPs) and PMMA micro-plastics (PMMAMPs) and As(V) significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited the germination index (GI) of rapeseed. The IC50 indicates that PMMANPs were more toxic than PMMAMPs. Combine-pollution experiments demonstrated that the GI, biomass, root length, and sprout length of the rapeseed under the combined treatment were lower than those subjected to As(V) or PMMANPs single treatment. Analysis of variance showed that the interaction effects of PMMANPs and As(V) for GI and root length were significant, and there was synergistic interaction between PMMANPs and As(V) on rapeseed germination. PMMANPs promoted the accumulation of As in sprouts under high As(V) concentrations (40 and 60 mg/L). The activities of lipase in rapeseed generally increased under single and combined treatments of As(V) and PMMANPs, and while α-amylase activities first increased and then decreased with the increase of PMMANPs. It appears that the combined stress of microplastics and As(V) exhibited synergistic interaction on the growth of rapeseed.

Abstract 10199: Establishing Human Ipsc-Derived Vascular Organoids as Angiogenesis Model

Recent large-scale GWA meta-analyses identified more than 240 risk loci associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) on a genome-wide significance level. Pathway analyses confirmed established pathomechanisms contributing to the progression of CAD like lipid metabolism, inflammation, extracellular matrix remodelling, or neoangiogenesis. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer a great source to derive 3D models, so-called organoids, allowing a more physiological environment to be analyzed in vitro . We aim to establish vascular organoids from iPSCs as 3D model of angiogenesis to investigate the role of CAD- and angiogenesis-associated risk genes like ADAMTS7 , ARNTL , and TBX20 .Four iPSC lines (UCSD18i-3-6, female, healthy; WC028i-5807-6, female, healthy; UCSD167i-99-1, female, healthy; UCSD179i-27-1, male, healthy; all from skin fibroblasts) will be differentiated into vascular organoids following the protocol published by Wimmer et al (2019). The first iPSC lines were differentiated to estimate the optimal seeding density for each cell line, and organoids were characterized. During embedding of aggregates for vascular sprouting organoids will be used for angiogenesis assay, and sprout length and number will be analysed. Different inhibitors and stimulators of angiogenesis can easily be applied proving that vascular organoids can be used as angiogenesis model. Using siRNA we will then knock-down (KD) above-mentioned risk genes, assessing their effect on angiogenesis. Additionally, cells will be edited using CRISPR/Cas to knockout the same risk genes.The first organoids showed expression of pericyte (PC) and endothelial cell (EC) markers on RNA level, while smooth muscle cell markers were not expressed. These results were confirmed in immunofluorescence stainings in whole organoids. Additionally, we performed cryosections which we also stained with immunofluorescence, showing an even distribution of cells. Staining of the cryosections further confirmed expression of PC- and EC markers. In conclusion, we successfully established iPSC-derived vascular organoids from iPSCs. We have now a 3D cell model in our hand to study GWAS candidate genes and their role in angiogenesis in the context of CAD.

Nanodiamond Batch Enriched with Boron: Properties and Prospects for Use in Agriculture

The batch of detonation nanodiamond (DB) containing impurities of B (DB-B) was obtained by explosion using TNT with hexagon (50/50). This DB-B contained 0.96 wt% of B. The obtained DB-B nanopowder's morphological features, texture, and mesostructure were investigated by SEM, SAXS, and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption. We tested both aqueous suspensions and silica sols containing 2.5 wt. % DND and 0.05-0.1 wt. % of DB-B for the pre-sowing treatment of Chinese cabbage seeds. As a result, the reliable positive effect of an aqueous suspension of DB-B (0.05-0.1 wt.%) was revealed on the following characteristics of seedlings (in relation to the control): the germination energy of Chinese cabbage seeds and germination increased by ~50-70%. Furthermore, a significant positive effect of DB-B on the morphological characteristics of Peking cabbage plants at the early stages of its development was revealed when using DB-B for pre-sowing seed treatment in combination with silica sol (an increase in the sprout length by ~ 20% and root length by ~ 50% in relation to the control) as well as the biomass of Chinese cabbage plants increased by ~ 100% (20 days after planting the treated seeds).

Improving germination with pre-sowing technique on Caliandra calothyrsus Meissn

Red Calliandra (Caliandra colothyrus) is a high-quality energy wood raw material that can be produced rapidly. It’s ideal for making wood pellets. The need for wood pellets is on the increase globally. For the production of wood pellets continuity, sufficient materials were required, requiring the development of red calliandra cultivation. The long duration of the seed germination process due to the hard seed coat is an obstacle in the generative propagation of red calliandra. This study aimed to determine the best treatment for red calliandra dormancy breaking and simultaneous germination. A factorial fully randomized design (F-CRD) with two treatment factors was used in this study. The first factor is type of solution (P) with three levels consisting of: P1: soaking in water; P2 : immersion with MSG solution (12 grams/liter); P3 : immersion in young coconut water (100%). The second factor is the length of immersion time (T) with three levels consisting of: T1: soaking time for 8 hours; T2 : immersion time for 12 hours; T3 : immersion time for 16 hours. Each treatment consisted of 20 seeds, which were replicated three times for a total of 540 seeds. The initial day of germination, length of germination, percentage of germination, and germination rate index were all measured. The results showed that that the most optimal germination for red Calliandra found in the P1T1 treatment (soaking in water for 8 hours). It can be shown from all observed parameters

Estimation of productivity and sowing qualities of the winter bread wheat varieties of the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” in the primary seed production

The production of winter wheat varieties, which are characterized by high productivity and sowing qualities of seeds, is one of the ways to improve productivity and gross grain harvest in the region. The current paper has presented data on the productivity, sowing qualities and biological properties of the original seeds of the winter bread wheat varieties ‘Stanichnaya’, ‘Lydia’ and ‘Asket’, grown in the laboratory for primary seed production of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “ARC “Donskoy”. The purpose of the research was to study the productivity and sowing qualities of the winter bread wheat varieties. Productivity is the main criterion for the value of a variety. It was found that with an average productivity (5.8 t/ha) of the variety ‘Stanichnaya’, the data by the years of 2018–2020 varied from 5.1 to 7.2 t/ha, and for the variety ‘Asket’, at a similar level of average value, the variation ranged from 5.2 to 6.8 t/ha. There was found that 1000-seed weight depended on the variety and climatic conditions, and not only on the cultivation technology. The leader in this indicator was the variety ‘Stanichnaya’, with an average value (44.5g) of 1000-seed weight. The maximum yield of conditioned seeds during the years of research was identified in the varieties ‘Stanichnaya’ (73.5%) and ‘Lydia’ (72.4%); the minimum was in the variety ‘Asket’ (71.7%). There was noted that the germination energy of the varieties ‘Stanichnaya’, ‘Lidiya’ and ‘Asket’ ranged from 88 to 92%. The difference between germination energy and laboratory germination ranged from 5 to 8%. When determining the intensity of the initial growth, it was found that the maximum values of the sprout length and weight of 100 dry sprouts were identified in the variety ‘Stanichnaya’ (11.0 cm and 0.63 g); the smallest values of these traits were identified in the varieties ‘Lydia’ and ‘Asket’. Field germination varied by the varieties from 73 to 82%, deviations of this trait from laboratory germination ranged from 14 to 23%. Over the years of study, for all studied varieties, the sowing qualities of seeds corresponded to GOST R 52325-2005.

Primary head and neck tumour-derived fibroblasts promote lymphangiogenesis in a lymphatic organotypic co-culture model.

BackgroundIn head and neck cancer, intratumour lymphatic density and tumour lymphangiogenesis have been correlated with lymphatic metastasis, making lymphangiogenesis a promising therapeutic target. However, inter-patient tumour heterogeneity makes it challenging to predict tumour progression and lymph node metastasis. Understanding the lymphangiogenic-promoting factors leading to metastasis (e.g., tumour-derived fibroblasts or TDF), would help develop strategies to improve patient outcomes.MethodsA microfluidic in vitro model of a tubular lymphatic vessel was co-cultured with primary TDF from head and neck cancer patients to evaluate the effect of TDF on lymphangiogenesis. We assessed the length and number of lymphangiogenic sprouts and vessel permeability via microscopy and image analysis. Finally, we characterised lymphatic vessel conditioning by TDF via RT-qPCR.FindingsLymphatic vessels were conditioned by the TDF in a patient-specific manner. Specifically, the presence of TDF induced sprouting, altered vessel permeability, and increased the expression of pro-lymphangiogenic genes. Gene expression and functional responses in the fibroblast-conditioned lymphatic vessels were consistent with the patient tumour stage and lymph node status. IGF-1, upregulated among patients, was targeted to validate our personalised medicine approach. Interestingly, IGF-1 blockade was not effective across different patients.InterpretationThe use of lymphatic organotypic models incorporating head and neck TDF provides insight into the pathways leading to lymphangiogenesis in each patient. This model provided a platform to test anti-angiogenic therapeutics and inform of their effectiveness for individual patients.FundingNIH R33CA225281. Wisconsin Head and Neck SPORE NIH P50DE026787. NIH R01AI34749.

Light spectrum and indolebutyric acid (IBA) in rhizogenesis in herbaceous cuttings of guava trees

Background: In the production of seedlings, success in the market is due to a quality product. Well-developed seedlings with a good root system, appear as a key factor to guarantee suitable products. Light can be used as a stimulating factor for rooting, in adequate light quality. Photoselective screens can be used to make rooting more efficient. Methods: To evaluate this factor, herbaceous cuttings of Guava Tree “Paluma” were used, exposed to different wavelengths in mini-greenhouses covered with cellophane of the colors: green, yellow, red, blue, transparent and orange, and subjected to five treatments with Indolebutyric Acid (IBA) (0, 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 mg.kg-1), grown in a 3: 2: 1 substrate (sand: earth: bioplant®), in a randomized block design, with a 6x5 factorial and four replications with 10 cuttings in each treatment. Ninety days after staking, the following variables were evaluated: cuttings survival, number of leaves; number of sprouts; largest sprout length; root length; root volume; green mass of leaves and root; dry mass of sprout and root. Results: The orange and red light spectra were superior in rooting the guava cuttings, and may be an option in covering the seedling production nurseries of this fruit tree. Conclusion: The use of IBA neutralized the luminous influence of the light spectra with non-significant results for the interaction.