Spread Of Knowledge Research Articles

Are residents willing to pay for garbage recycling: Evidence from a survey in Chinese first-tier cities

With the substantial increase in resource consumption in China, garbage recycling plays a vital role in reducing waste and protecting natural resources. This paper designed and conducted a random survey of four first-tier cities in China to identify the variables influencing residents' willingness to pay for garbage classification. Based on the ordered Probit model, the results show that different groups have substantial differences in supporting garbage classification. Overall, the proportion of residents willing to pay for garbage sorting is high, but the amount is in the lower range. In addition to individual characteristics, the frequency of garbage throwing, knowledge level, and publicity degree significantly enhance the willingness to pay for garbage classification. Therefore, policymakers need to consider why respondents refuse to pay for garbage sorting and promote the spread of garbage classification knowledge to further substantially promote the work of household waste classification.

Gornyi Zhurnal in 1825: A start in history of the publication

The article describes early history of the first Russia’s publication in the field of science and technology – Gornyi Zhurnal. The solemn meeting on 21 March 1825 devoted to establishment of the Academic Committee at the Mining and Salt Department for preparation and publication of the Journal, as well as the solemnmeetin g on 20 March 1826 on the first anniversary of the Committee are pictured. The organizers and participants of the meetings are presented, and the contents of speeches, plans and reports are delivered. In his speech at the first meeting, the Department Director E. V. Karneev gave grounds for the necessity of a mining publication and presented the work program of the Academic Committee including leading theoreticians and practitioners in mining. It was supposed to elect science editors from the members of the Academic Committee for each of 10 topics of the Journal to review scientific contributions at to present them at the meetings of the Committee. For preparation of the Journal’s articles, regional mining societies were founded to be headed by managers of governmental mining districts and salt-works, and from the list of the “salt of the earth” officials, “correspondents” were selected to present the prepared and discussed materials at the metropolitan Academic Committee. Discussed at the second meeting, the scientific and financial performance of the Academic Committee during its first year of life proved the popularity and business success of the Journal. Gornyi Zhurnal totally met expectations of the founders and, as the Minister of Finance E. F. Kankrin said, the Journal became “an immediate tool for the spread of various knowledge ... promoting improvement in the mining and salt industries”. The other governmental bodies followed the lead of the mining authorities and established their own scientific and technical periodicals using the proposed performance model.

PELATIHAN PENULISAN ARTIKEL ILMIAH BAGI MAHASISWA FKIP UNIVERSITAS COKROAMINOTO YOGYAKARTA

Writing is one of media in communicating to spread knowledge which was got from reaserch results or literature thought. College students are also asked to have writing skills This community service aimed at training college students to have understanding about scientific articles, including parts in articles, procedures in writing article, and steps in publishing article. Moreover, through this community service, college students were expected become more ready and skilled in writing based on their realm and are able to publish their article to any journals, national, or international. The method which were used in this community service were done step by step, started from preparation, implementation, to evaluation. Through this community service was resulted that college tudents showed their ability in determining parts of scientific article and were able to explain the content of each part. They also learnt procedures in writing scientific article. Furthermore, they understood the steps in publishing articles into scientific journals. Even though in the end of the training session there had not been students who finished their article, their progress have already developed into good writing.
 Keywords: scientific articles, journal, writing training.

Sixteenth-Century Bulge on the Coast of Chile

This paper traces the sixteenth-century addition and removal on maps of a bulge on the southern coast of Chile. Abraham Ortelius was primarily responsible for these changes and many cartographers followed his lead.Then, Ortelius rotated the coastline of Chile from northwest to north. Later, he dropped the latitude of the islands of San Pablo and Isla de los Tiburones down six degrees. He named the Amazon River “Río de las amazons.” Finally, he removed the cities with fake Native-American-sounding names along the Pacific coast of North America. The research underlying this paper examined over seven-hundred sixteenth-century maps made by sixdozen cartographers. This paper cites five-dozen maps by four-dozen cartographers. In the traceability section of this paper, this information was condensed into a traceability diagram, which shows the chronological flow of information among a score of cartographers. Using this information, this paper traced the influence of one cartographer on another: it showed who influenced whom. It showed the spread of knowledge. Ortelius was at the center of most of this knowledge explosion.

Nietzsche's Pragmatism: A Study on Perspectival Thought

Nietzsche's Pragmatism: A Study on Perspectival Thought

Confucian Medicine: A Medical Handbook of 19th Century England

Abstract This article takes the “A Medical Handbook” as an example to try to reveal how Western missionaries and Chinese translators jointly translated Western medical knowledge when it was introduced into the East during the 19th century. In this process, the fusion of Chinese and Western medical knowledge led to the Chinese version of A Medical Handbook. Not only did Western missionaries unilaterally promote their medical knowledge, but Chinese local elites also played an indispensable role in the dissemination of Western medical knowledge. In the early days of Western knowledge spreading into China, Western medical knowledge was incorporated into the knowledge pedigree of traditional Chinese medicine to a certain extent, which enabled the Chinese public to accept the use of Western medicine. The collision between Chinese and Western cultures at the level of medical knowledge affected the integration of Western medical knowledge systems into the local Chinese medical knowledge system.

A cross-sectional study of the knowledge, attitude and practice of cervical cancer among the staff nurses working in rural private medical college of Lucknow

1. To study the knowledge about carcinoma cervix and its screening method. 2. To survey the attitude and practice of screening methods among the nurses. This cross-sectional study was conducted in T.S. Mishra medical college & hospital, Lucknow in the month of January and February 2021. Total 100 participants from the nursing staff, who wished to participate in our study, were chosen randomly. A self administered, structured and pretested questionnaire based on general characteristic, knowledge, attitude and actual practice of nursing staff was used to gather information related to screening of cervical cancer.: In our study 85% participants had knowledge that for screening of carcinoma cervix, pap smear is a type of screening modality and most of them(80%) are agreed upon that chronic vaginal discharge could be a cause of carcinoma cervix and 55% knows that HPV is a risk factor for carcinoma cervix pap smear can detect cervical cancer. About 40% had knowledge that cervical cancer can present as postcoital bleeding and 55% of the respondents were well aware that HPV infection is a risk factor for cervical carcinoma. Only 30% of the participants had screened themselves for cervical cancer in past.: Our study shows that the knowledge about carcinoma cervix screening is good among nursing staff but they did not know how to implement this knowledge for screening of patients. Healthcare givers should be trained and promoted so that they can help in community screening and spread of knowledge of this screening facility for prevention of carcinoma cervix in the community.

Ultrasonography in inflammatory bowel disease - So far we are?

Intestinal ultrasound (IUS) is a non‐invasive and accurate tool to assess inflammatory bowel disease. The ECCO‐ESGAR guideline recommends the use of IUS for the assessment of disease activity and complications in Crohn's disease (CD). In addition, an increasing body of evidence suggests the use of IUS as alternative to colonoscopy in monitoring CD and in assessing disease activity of ulcerative colitis. Early responsiveness of IUS findings by the first weeks of treatment and the advantage to perform the procedure in real time may dramatically change frequency of the assessment of treatment response in the future and speed up the clinical decision‐making process. Development of validated and reproducible sonographic scores to measure disease activity and therapeutic response and spread of knowledge of IUS remain relevant issues for the future in which current researchers and the International Bowel Ultrasound (IBUS) Group are actively engaged.

E-Learning and Economic Well-Being of Graduates: Applying the Human Capital Earning Function to Distance Education

The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of e-learning in raising the income level of graduates. Based on a sample of the distance education program students in the Bachelor of Business Administration. The study applies the net present value, and regression model to estimate the Human Capital Earnings Function presented by Mincer (1974). The results showed that the NPV of the expected cost and earnings for graduates that the program will cause an improvement of the standard of living of graduates. Moreover, the regression results indicate that the most important factors affecting the expected wages are those objective factors such as experience and job stability, as they are superior to subjective factors such as marital status and age, the technical expertise comes between these two groups. The study recommends more use of modern technologies in the field of distance education, for all societies without restrictions of time or place, in order to achieve the spread of knowledge, to raise the efficiency and income of workers in the economy. Provide the opportunity for those who were unable to continue their university education, due to socioeconomic conditions.

Socio-demographic Heterogeneity in Prevalence of SARS-COV-2 Infection and Death Rate: Relevance to Black College Student Knowledge of COVID-19 and SARS-COV-2.

Black and Brown communities are affected disproportionately by COVID-19. In an attempt to learn if young Black college students unknowingly contribute to the spread of the COVID-19 in their communities, using surveys, this pilot study gauges the general safety knowledge and basic scientific knowledge of Black college students about SARS-COV-2 virus and COVID-19 at an HBCU. We also investigated whether students enrolled in chemistry courses designed for STEM (Science, Technology, and Engineering Majors) majors displayed increased knowledge of SARS-COV-2 and COVID-19 in comparison to their non-STEM major peers. Two sets of surveys with multiple choice questions, one with 25 and the other with 34 questions, were designed to assess general safety knowledge and basic scientific knowledge of the students about COVID-19 and the SARS-COV-2 virus. Survey questions were administered through Blackboard learning management system to one hundred eighty-seven (187) students in the summer of 2020 to two freshman non-science majors and in the fall of 2020 to one freshman non-science-major class, two freshmen STEM-major classes, and one senior STEM-major class. All students self-registered in the 6 chemistry classes at North Carolina A&T State University at random with no predetermined criteria. Results of the study show that regardless of their year of study, majority (> 90%) of the students possess basic scientific knowledge and are aware of the safety precautions concerning SARS-COV-2 virus and COVID-19. Majority of non-science major freshmen answered the basic safety questions correctly but were not able to choose the correct answers for the more specific scientific questions concerning SARS-COV-2 and COVID-19. Surprisingly, there was no significant difference in basic scientific knowledge regarding SARS-COV-2 and COVID-19 between STEM and non-STEM student populations, and first year STEM students were just as knowledgeable as senior STEM students. Based on these data, we speculate that students surveyed here have an acceptable basic understanding of how SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted, and therefore, they may not be a source of COVID-19 transmission to Black and Brown communities as this study confirms they are receiving accurate information about SARS-COV-2 and COVID-19. Possession of crucial timely and accurate knowledge about the health and safety is important in fighting racism and to gain equity within the society at large. By sharing the acquired knowledge, students can serve as positive role models for others in the community thus encouraging them to pursue science. Education brings equity, sharing the acquired knowledge encourages others to continue their education and succeed in obtaining higher degrees and better jobs as remedies for social inequality. Spread of accurate knowledge on various aspects of COVID-19 will also help remove fears of vaccination and hesitation towards visits to health clinics to resolve health issues. Relying on the results of this pilot study, we plan to explore these important factors further in our next study.

Bibliotecas públicas itinerantes: estrategia para democratizar el acceso y la promoción de la salud

The library is a fundamental environment for the compilation of information, the spread of knowledge and the dissemination of culture, providing benefits such as the development of skills, creativity and the promotion of health. Despite the countless benefits of contacting books through libraries, there are still weaknesses in the democratization of access. Thus, in order to expand access to reading and its benefits, itinerant libraries were developed. In this sense, this work aims to describe experiences identified in the literature on itinerant and public libraries developed by projects as a health promotion strategy and impact on quality of life. An integrative literature review was carried out through the Virtual Health Library, PubMed and Google Scholar, 9 studies were analyzed that met the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Despite the benefits of itinerant libraries to expand reading opportunities, it is necessary to encourage the creation and expansion of this type of library, to expand contact with the book, promoting learning, entertainment and health promotion.

Spreading knowledge and technology: Research efficiency at universities based on the three-stage MCDM-NRSDEA method with bootstrapping

Consequent to increasing higher education attainment and the expansion of higher education institutions, many countries have embarked on assessing discipline efficiency to track performance, promote competition, and ensure reasonable resource allocation. Therefore, measuring scientific-research efficiency is a crucial part of evaluating a discipline's development. This paper proposes the three-stage multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) non-radial super-efficiency data envelopment analysis (NRSDEA) method with bootstrapping to study a discipline's scientific research efficiency from the university-level perspective. To ensure robust analysis, the proposed model incorporates the contextual variables describing the external environment and the random error. The data envelopment analysis (DEA) model is a non-oriented one. The three-stage DEA approach is applied, including contextual variables such as economic growth, innovation, infrastructure, and the natural environment. In addition, the bootstrap method is applied to correct for measurement errors. Finally, the research efficiency measurement of the statistics discipline at Chinese universities is taken as an example to verify the method's validity.

The Development of Seni Silat Melayu in Kota Bharu, 1960-1991

This research is to study the development of Malay martial arts Kota Bharu from 1960 to 1991. Many past researchers have researched Silat. However, the research about Silat in Kota Bharu has yet been done. This research was conducted to observe the development of Malay martial arts in a well-known organization, Gayong Fatani Martial Arts Association and Gayuman Segerak Kelantan Martial Arts Association. This research uses a qualitative method by referring to libraries and archives. Primary and secondary sources were used in this research. The primary source refers to document analysis such as annual reports and official organizational files from national archives. Other than that, secondary sources were from national archives, the University of Malaya (UM), Sultan Idris Education University (UPSI) and The National University of Malaysia (UKM). This research finds that every Silat organization based in Kota Bharu has its caterer in spreading knowledge to the community. The development of Malay martial arts can be seen when every instruction has been given the mandate to teach the knowledge gained to the community with the official qualification certificate issued from the Malaysian National Silat Federation (PESAKA). This research finds that Martial Arts Organization in Kota Bharu has changed the community awareness about Malay’s traditional martial arts. In the beginning, Malay Martial Art Association uses informal education and a traditional system considered indirect learning. They will carry out lessons in house lawns, sheds and near a ‘musolla’. Nevertheless, the martial arts educational system was introduced by using a registered organization that has given a more accepting approach to the local communities to learn this martial art until the addition of Silat rings in Kota Bharu.

Regeneration Status and Role of Traditional Ecological Knowledge for Cloud Forest Ecosystem Restoration in Ecuador

The importance of forests for biodiversity conservation has been well recognized by the global community; as a result, conservation efforts have increased over the past two decades. In Ecuador, the lack of integrated information for defining and assessing the status of local ecosystems is a major challenge for designing conservation and restoration plans. Thus, the objectives of this study were (1) to examine the regeneration status of cloud forest remnants, some of which had experienced past human disturbance events, (2) to explore a local rural community’s traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) relevant for restoration and (3) to investigate the integration between TEK and ecological science-based approaches. A survey of regeneration status was conducted in four remnants of cloud forests (n = 16) in Cosanga, Napo Province, in the Andes of northeastern Ecuador. The species of young trees (0.5–5 m height) were identified over 0.16 ha. In-depth interviews of individuals from local communities (n = 48) were conducted to identify socio-ecologically important native species. The results showed significant differences (p < 0.001) in species richness and the stem density of seedlings and saplings in gaps. The stem density of Chusquea sp., a bamboo species, explained 63% of the variation in species richness and 48% of the variation in the abundance of seedlings and saplings between plots. Informants cited 32 socio-ecologically important species, of which 26 species were cited as sources of food and habitats for wildlife. The ranking of species based on a relative importance index and a cultural value index—taking into account both the spread of knowledge among local informants and the multiplicity of uses—revealed that Hyeromina duquei, Citharexylum montanum, Eugenia crassimarginata and Sapium contortum were traditionally the most valuable species for both humans and wildlife. Informants also recommended 27 species for future planting, of which 19 species were amongst the rarest species in the regeneration survey. In conclusion, the results demonstrate a synergy between TEK and ecological science-based approaches (regeneration survey) to natural ecosystem research. Thus, traditional ecological knowledge can provide insights into ecosystem–plant–animal interaction, and to identify native species useful for both humans and wildlife for forest restoration projects to reconnect isolated cloud forest fragments.

Nutrition Awareness Counseling to Support Indonesia Ready for New Normal

Proper nutrition and adequate water are essential during the COVID-19 outbreak. People who eat a balanced diet tend to be healthier with a stronger immune system. The risk of chronic diseases and infectious diseases is lower, so there needs to be an outreach to the public about nutrition awareness to support Indonesia to be ready for the new normal. Nutrition education serves to create awareness and spread knowledge. The implementation of this counseling consists of the delivery of material and questions and answers. The material consists of: 1) nutrition conscious behavior that focuses on balanced nutrition guidelines and the role of vitamins and minerals in increasing the body's immune system; 2) Nutrition conscious behavior that focuses on the role of essential fats (EPA and DHA) in increasing the body's immune system; 3) Nutrition conscious behavior that focuses on processing food with balanced nutrition. A series of outreach activities have been well organized. Most of the counseling participants felt that community service activities were carried out through counseling about nutrition awareness to support indonesia ready for new normal. This nutrition awareness counseling is very useful to prepare nutrition for the Covid-19 pandemic.

Changing the molecular profile of primary and metastatic breast cancer identified by Foundation One: case report

Objective: To describe a case report of a patient who presented with bilateral breast cancer with progression to metastatic disease, in which immunohistochemical profile of the primary and metastatic tumor was divergent. Methods: This was a study with a descriptive narrative and reflective design, of the case report type, based on secondary data, with information and images obtained from the electronic medical records of the MVSoul system used in the oncology center of a private hospital in the Federal District in Brazil. Data collection was derived from the analysis of data and images of the electronic medical record. Case report: A patient presented with bilateral metastatic breast cancer, and the primary and metastatic breast tumors showed a difference in immunohistochemical profile. Accordingly, we highlight the rarity of the case, the need for biopsies of metastatic lesions because of the molecular heterogeneity of breast cancer and possible discrepancy between the primary tumor and metastases. Spreading knowledge about diagnostic tests and personalized treatment according to tumor molecular characteristics is also essential, especially when the patient does not have a satisfactory therapeutic response, as in the reported case, since the patient had metastases with different molecular profiles confirmed only by of tumor DNA sequencing.

Vocational Training Centers and Their Development Through Contemporary Design Trends

The technological developments had come very fast and societies needed to learn new skills and sciences such as vocational crafts through training which is a vital element of this age. The role of the vocational centers encompassed in development and renaissance of the society through raising the efficiency of advanced training programs, so that, they reflected in the role of architects and interior designers. In addition, they were essential in raising and enhancing vocational training centers through the development of design architecture and interior spaces according to specific criteria. The research enhanced the role of vocational training centers, creative spaces, arts, crafts, and sciences centers in spreading knowledge, besides, it created space for learning and understanding between different peoples and cultures. The problem of research was the rigidity, monotony, and neglect of the vocational and technical training centers in the local communities and the poor position of these centers despite their dynamic role in the development of the society. On the other side, most of the vocational training focused on the content of the advanced training programs only without interest in architecture, interior design, and how to create space for creativity. Furthermore, these problems had caused of weak interior space in all elements, training spaces, services, and others which did not suitable for such a type of these spaces because it required creativity, innovation, and specific standards in interior design. Accordingly, the designers needed to create interactive spaces involving students and wonderful experiences for all users with good scientific content. Besides, the vocational crafts begun to spread through the interrelationship of architects, designers, and others disciplines of heritage conservation in vocational centers design which included these trades and crafts with using modern technological development in the trends of contemporary architecture. Hence, the awareness of the importance of handicrafts was an essential value that encouraged designers to revive these professions crafts through creating innovative vocational centers. The objective of the research was to provide a comprehensive study of the futuristic design of vocational training centers and the strategy of training spaces suitable for various activities within interactive space, and many advanced digital techniques. Meanwhile, it was raised the efficiency of the vocational training centers by developing the interior architecture of these centers through modern trends in design, so that, it overcame the design problems affected by these centers. These would contribute to the development of vocational centers, as well as, the traditional contemporary design through theory, research, experience design, and different disciplines. Results:, the research enhanced the modern theories and their impact on workshops spaces of vocational training, both aesthetically and functionally, and analyzed the development methods of the design process which harmonized to the future vision of contemporary trends in interior design. Finally, these creative spaces represented an effective role in the renaissance of the nation, which contributed to the elimination of many problems and issues. The research has also, highlighted the development of vocational training centers through design trends, activities, services, interior functions, and other visions of the space, as well as, enhanced the concepts of vocational training spaces development according to contemporary design standards which contributed to raising the efficiency of training activities in all aspects. This influenced in higher efficiency of students' and trainees’ performance. In addition, the study analyzed the importance of exploring a future vision for these centers and their effective role in enriching society through specific structures and methodologies for vocational training centers. In conclusion, the research concluded a set of design criteria and strategies in the evolution of vocational training centers design which pushed students to creativity and societies to develop, innovate and promote the economy.

Application of P4 (Predictive, Preventive, Personalized, Participatory) Approach to Occupational Medicine.

In recent years there has been a growth in the role of prevention in controlling the disease burden. Increasing efforts have been conveyed in the screening implementation and public health policies, and the spreading knowledge on risk factors reflects on major attention to health checks. Despite this, lifestyle changes are difficult to be adopted and the adherence to current public health services like screening and vaccinations remains suboptimal. Additionally, the prevalence and outcome of different chronic diseases and cancers is burdened by social disparities. P4 [predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory] medicine is the conceptualization of a new health care model, based on multidimensional data and machine-learning algorithms in order to develop public health intervention and monitoring the health status of the population with focus on wellbeing and healthy ageing. Each of the characteristics of P4 medicine is relevant to occupational medicine, and indeed the P4 approach appears to be particularly relevant to this discipline. In this review, we discuss the potential applications of P4 to occupational medicine, showing examples of its introduction on workplaces and hypothesizing its further implementation at the occupational level.

20-РІЧЧЯ СТУДЕНТСЬКОГО ОСЕРЕДКУ ТОВАРИСТВА ГЕОФІЗИКІВ-РОЗВІДНИКІВ У КИЇВСЬКОМУ УНІВЕРСИТЕТІ!

Geological education is the basis for training specialists in the study of natural resources. The rational use of subsoil is the basis of the economic development of Ukraine, especially in the conditions of the energy transition. Educational institutions provide a wide range of disciplines for the geological training of students. Participation in international societies contributes to getting additional knowledge. The distribution of professional societies within institutions and enterprises is world practice in many countries. There are several geological associations that cooperate with Ukraine in the geologic sciences. The student section of the Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG) was established at Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv at the Department of Geophysics twenty years ago. The introduction to new features was interesting and useful for students and teachers. Thanks to SEG programs, students received new computer equipment, geophysical literature, educational courses, attendance of lectures, international participation in symposia, possibility of organizing field camps, getting of scholarships, etc. The field of activity of the SEG Kyiv student chapter covers reports on its work at international conferences and educational institutions, the invitation of specialists of the geological industry, participation in geological quizzes and competitions among foreign students, conducting geophysical studies, etc. Members of the SEG section organized international geoscience investigations in various regions of Ukraine. The geophysical surveys were conducted to study ancient buildings in Kamianets-Podilskyi, a gypsum Verteba cave and paleovolcanoes near Uzhgorod. 49 students from 11 countries participated in the field camps. Local studies of pipelines were carried out by geophysical methods near the building of the ESI "Institute of Geology" (Kyiv) and on Totoha Mount, located in Kyiv region. Students performed magnetics, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), surface seismic exploration, ground-penetrating radar (GPR), geodesic measurements and surveys UAV. The student chapter activity was presented at its meetings, with more than 50 reports. For 20 years, more than 100 students were members of the SEG section, which has been the basis for the AAPG and EAGE faculty circles. The SEG Kyiv student chapter is recognized as the best one in 2018. The geophysical section SEG has made a significant contribution to the spread of geological knowledge and the presentation of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv internationally.

Viral Buzz: Rumour and Its Disruptions in Pandemic Uncertainty

Building on theory and research on rumour dynamics, I examine how the search for and acquisition of information during a time of medical crisis relies on the politics of plausibility and the politics of credibility. In this, I examine how the content and source of information affects the spread of uncertain knowledge during periods of disaster by taking into account the social dynamics of ignorance, a decisive element for fields of knowledge where the public has little ability to judge. The assertion of multiple truth claims about the current pandemic leads to challenges to previously taken-for-granted realities, but also provides potential solutions. Conditions that require an immediate response may differ from those that evolve over a longer period (fast and slow rumours). Making use of rumours about the COVID19 pandemic, I address how epistemic disruption undercuts established norms (disruption-of) but also creates the possibility of desirable change through new negotiations, strengthening community (disruption-for).