Spread Of Knowledge Research Articles

A nationwide analysis of the effectiveness of a Social and Emotional Learning program in Portugal: Focus on the role of developers’ involvement

The current study was the first to analyze the effectiveness of Positive Attitude Secondary School (PASS) Social and Emotional Learning (SEL) program upon the self-perceptions (social, academic, and emotional self-concept and self-esteem) of secondary school students, with a nationwide sample. The study also compared how different levels of developers’ involvement (defined as “led”, “involved” or “independent”) in program implementation influenced its effectiveness. Nine-hundred-nighty-five participants (7th to 9th grade; Mage=12.95, SD=1.70) participated in this study, 789 students (37 classes) received the PASS SEL program and 206 (nine classes) took part in the control groups. The program was implemented by the programs’ developers in the programs’ original setting (Torres Vedras); by another team in another municipality (Cadaval), where the program has been implemented in the last two years (“involved”); and by new teams in six Gulbenkian Academies of Knowledge spread throughout Portugal (“independent”). Self-report questionnaires were administered before and after the intervention. The results from the repeated measures MANOVAs showed that students who participated in the PASS SEL program displayed statistically significant larger gains in social self-concept and self-esteem when compared with students from the control group. However, there were no statistically significant differences in program effectiveness between the different level of developers’ involvement in the implementation of the PASS SEL program. Altogether, the results support the effectiveness of the PASS SEL program in enhancing self-perceptions, even with different levels of developers’ involvement, which indicates the program is ready for further dissemination.

Adaptação e validação de diagnóstico da Gestão do Conhecimento para a universidade pública brasileira

The study aimed to adapt and validate a diagnostic tool for knowledge management practices originally from the private sector for the context of the public university. The research had a quantitative and descriptive approach, with a survey conducted at a Brazilian public university, whose sample was of 235 civil servants. The collected data were treated using Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. As a result, there is the validation and consolidation of the diagnosis of knowledge management practices for the context of Brazilian public universities, structured with 45 questions. The results also demonstrated that knowledge management is a multidimensional construct that can be evaluated based on the following factors: Encouraging the spread of knowledge; Competences and Ability of servers to learn from experiences; Encouraging knowledge creation; Improving knowledge; Documentation and knowledge sharing; Knowledge management for the benefit of society; Socialization of knowledge in social interactions; Valuation of Human Capital and Knowledge management to fulfill the social mission.

The Pen – Box of al Sayyid Sharaf al-Din al- Husain bin Ali bin Shams al-Din, Governor of Kawkaban City, Yemen (1097-1104 AH / 1685 -1692AD).

The keenness of Muslims to teach and write led to further development in the tools used for this. The banner of this concern bore the Muslim craftsmen who mastered these tools and their decoration, until they became, with the beauty of their decoration, and the quality and accuracy of their manufacture, masterpieces of art that dazzle the eyes. the pen-box tools that the Arabs used in Implementation of their writings and preserving the inkwell and writing materials, and their presence became a sign of the spread of knowledge and culture, and the methods of making and decorating these pen-boxes have varied over the ages, and the raw material from which they were made also differed between wood, metal, glass and pottery. The researcher talks about a metal pen-box from the era of the Zaidi Imāms in Yemen, as it deals with its description, the method of its manufacture and the implementation of its decorations, the analysis of the decorative elements and their emptying, the reading and analysis of the inscriptions drawn on them, and determine the date on which it was made, and the shedding of light on that historical period and its events, as well as the artistic features they have in common with the dated Yemeni artifacts. The study is based on following the descriptive and analytical method, to explain the contents of the verse and the various decorative elements.

Understanding and Assessing the Correlation between Organizational Culture and Knowledge Management

Organizational culture is one of the fundamental factors in transformation and development of knowledge sharing. This study aims to understand and determine the correlation between organizational culture and knowledge management. A descriptive correlational study design was adopted to analyze the relationship and effect of organizational culture on knowledge management, respectively. A self-structured questionnaire, comprising two major sections, was used as the study's instrument. The structural equation modeling was applied through SPSS-AMOS. The results show a significant and positive impact of dominant characteristics on knowledge creation. Organizational leadership exhibited a positive and significant relationship with knowledge management. Furthermore, employee management showed positive relationship to knowledge management. The organizational glue has been found as statistically significant and positively related to knowledge creation. The findings have suggested that knowledge sharing plays a vital role in the utilization of knowledge; hence, organizations in UAE should endorse the employees for capturing new knowledge and create and disseminate it in the organization, enabling them freedom of action and stimulating them to initiate. Based on the findings, the study has concluded a lack of interest and motivation of employees to spread and implement knowledge management in public government organizations.

The teaching of Arabic language by Zumratul - Muminiin of Nigeria: problems and prospects

There are numerous Arabic Literary groups in the Southern and Northern part of Nigeria concerning themselves with the spread of Arabic knowledge by establishing Arabic institutes for this noble cause. Among those groups is Zumratul- Muminiin instilling Arabic expertise in people without collecting fee as this is the norm to other Arabic groups. This group stands out among its equals with teaching Islamic knowledge and the rudiments of Arabic language coupled with technical ideas of establishing Arabic learning centre after their students complete tutelage under them, hoping to make them active players in the development of their immediate communities. Upon all these vital contributions for this group, there are many hindrances in their Arabic institutes which is not allowing them to grow as expected. This research aims at studying those challenges and proffering solutions that could change their narratives. This is done by using Historical method to relate the history of this group and their journey so far. Descriptive method was also used to carefully navigate the challenges facing the learning of Arabic language to that group and offer antidotes for this menace. The research arrived at a conclusion alluding to the fact that Zumuratul Muminiin had been contributing immensely to the advancement of Arabic language in their domain, it’s only that they are facing challenges in their teaching style which is cutting them short to compete with other Arabic learning institutes both locally in Nigeria and internationally among the Arabic and Islamic leagues. At the end of this study, suggestions and recommendations are given to propel Arabic learning by this group both in their present and futuristic moment.

Beyond the silkworm eggs. The role of the Italian semai (silkworm eggs merchants) in spreading knowledge of Japan in Italy in the second half of the nineteenth century between art and science

ABSTRACT Due to a disease that affected European silkworms in the 1850s, Italian silkworm eggs merchants travelled from the Near East to the Far East looking for a solution. Few of them visited Japan as early as 1859 and from 1864 until the early 1880s they travelled to Japan yearly and some of them settled in Yokohama. They spent large amounts of money to buy silkworm eggs, but they also played an important role in the diffusion of Japanese objects especially in Northern Italy and they contributed to the development of the knowledge of Japan and of Japanese (and Chinese) flora and fauna. This essay will present the results of an ongoing research and will investigate some case studies, revealing the semai crucial role in shaping the early relations between Italy and Japan and in contributing in their country to the raising of the interest towards Japan, fueling also contemporary giapponismo.

An Emergent Network for the Diffusion of Innovations Among Local Health Departments at the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

IntroductionCommunication networks among professionals can be pathways for accelerating the diffusion of innovations if some local health departments (LHDs) drive the spread of knowledge. Such a network could prove valuable during public health emergencies such as the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Our objective was to determine whether LHDs in the United States were tied together in an informal network to share information and advice about innovative community health practices, programs, and policies. MethodsIn January and February 2020, we conducted an online survey of 2,303 senior LHD leaders to ask several questions about their sources of advice. We asked respondents to rank up to 3 other LHDs whose practices informed their work on new public health programs, evidence-based practices, and policies intended to improve community health. We used a social network analysis program to assess answers.ResultsA total of 329 LHDs responded. An emergent network appeared to operate nationally among 740 LHDs. Eleven LHDs were repeatedly nominated by peers as sources of advice or examples (ie, opinion leaders), and 24 acted as relational bridges to hold these emergent networks together (ie, boundary spanners). Although 2 LHDs played both roles, most LHDs we surveyed performed neither of these roles.ConclusionOpinion leading and boundary spanning health departments can be accessed to increase the likelihood of affecting the rate of interest in and adoption of innovations. Decision makers involved in disseminating new public health practices, programs, or policies may find our results useful both for emergencies and for practice-as-usual.

The impact of knowledge management on performance at work and the extent to which competitive advantage is achieved – General Directorate of Education, North Alsharqia Governorate, Sultanate of Oman as an Example –: أثر إدارة المعرفة على الأداء في العمل ومدى تحقيق الميزة التنافسية – المديرية العامة للتربية والتعليم بمحافظة شمال الشرقية بسلطنة عمان نموذجا –

This study seeks to determine the impact of knowledge management on performance at work and the extent of achieving competitive advantage In the north-eastern region of the Sultanate of Oman, this requires: Determining what is the reality of knowledge management, how well the administrative staff realizes the concept of knowledge management, what is the role of knowledge management in improving the performance of internal operations and what are the proposals to develop institutional performance in the Directorate of Education in the North Eastern Province in the light of knowledge management processes? The researcher used the descriptive method and reached many results, most notably: • The degree of impact of the reality of knowledge management came in a medium degree, while the degree of influence of the administrative staff’s awareness of the concept of knowledge management is high. The impact of knowledge management operations currently practiced in the Directorate of Education in North Eastern Province in terms of diagnosis, setting goals for generation, storage, publishing, application) came to an intermediate degree, where knowledge and information are stored electronically for easy retrieval, with the need to pay more attention that the leadership work to reward employees according to their contributions in spreading knowledge. • There are statistically significant differences between the averages of the responses of the study individuals on knowledge management processes and their relationship to the distinction of institutional performance according to the variable of the academic qualification in the field of the level of excellence in institutional performance, where the level of significance was less than (0.05) and came in favor of the lowest category of diploma in the scientific qualification, This may be due to the lack of experience of this group to know the reality of the problem and its dimensions and deal with it less than other groups. The study recommends the following: 1) Establishing a support team for the Quality Department representing the various departments in order to work on spreading the concept of knowledge management and organizing its operations. 2) Work to include knowledge management within the strategic plans of the departments. 3) Work to create a supportive culture to produce, share and invest knowledge. 4) Adopting knowledge management as a standard for evaluating the performance of employees and departments.

„Gesundheitsförderung – lohnt sich das?“ Ein Diskussionsspiel für Ausbildung und Praxis

In order to strengthen health promotion spreading knowledge is as essential as tackling typical problems of its implementation. Both aspects can be adressed by using game-based learning approaches. To this end, we specifically developed a discussion game divided into four phases of play. Our aim is to (1) spread facts, (2) raise awareness of the topic and (3) promote well-informed political opinion-forming at individual as well as group levels. Experience shows that these objectives can be achieved with this game. The game as a whole or parts of it can easily be integrated into university teaching in different ways. In addition, there is major potential for using the game in lifelong learning settings and health promotion projects. In the next step the game will be adapted to enable its implementation in the workplace as a special setting for health promotion.

Engineering Impacts of Anonymous Author Code Review: A Field Experiment

Code review is a powerful technique to ensure high quality software and spread knowledge of best coding practices between engineers. Unfortunately, code reviewers may have biases about authors of the code they are reviewing, which can lead to inequitable experiences and outcomes. In principle, anonymous author code review can reduce the impact of such biases by withholding an author's identity from a reviewer. In this paper, to understand the engineering effects of using author anonymous code review in a practical setting, we applied the technique to 5217 code reviews performed by 300 software engineers at Google. Our results suggest that during anonymous author code review, reviewers can frequently guess authors’ identities; that focus is reduced on reviewer-author power dynamics; and that the practice poses a barrier to offline, high-bandwidth conversations. Based on our findings, we recommend that those who choose to implement anonymous author code review should reveal the time zone of the author by default, have a break-the-glass option for revealing author identity, and reveal author identity directly after the review.

Accessible Educational Resources for Teaching and Learning Robotics

Robotics is now facing the challenge of deploying newly developed devices into human environments, and for this process to be successful, societal acceptance and uptake of robots are crucial. Education is already playing a key role in raising awareness and spreading knowledge about robotic systems, and there is a growing need to create highly accessible resources to teach and learn robotics. In this paper, we revise online available educational material, including videos, podcasts, and coding tools, aimed at facilitating the learning of robotics related topics at different levels. The offer of such resources was recently boosted by the higher demand of distance learning tools due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The potential of e-learning for robotics is still under-exploited, and here we provide an updated list of resources that could help instructors and students to better navigate the large amount of information available online.

A New Reciprocal Teaching Approach for Information Literacy Education under the Background of Big Data

The library is an important platform for readers to acquire information, and also shoulders the responsibility to cultivate readers’ information literacy. How to enhance information literacy is a public service issue that warrants prompt solution. In this study, we establish a reciprocal teaching mode composed of four elements: teacher, student, learning content and interaction-supporting platform, based on the reciprocal teaching theory, in combination with the characteristics of information literacy training in information-based libraries, uses virtual reality (VR) technology to produce verisimilar teaching resources and build a virtual reading environment and a virtual reading community, to enable readers to discuss, read and evaluate under a dynamic reading mode. Meanwhile, a new reciprocal teaching technique of “Rain Classroom” is also introduced innovatively. We first conduct a quantitative evaluation on information literacy using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, then verify and correct the evaluation results using data mining technology, so that objective and accurate results can be obtained for the evaluation of readers’ information literacy. After the implementation of this library learning mode, through a questionnaire survey and analysis, it is concluded that the proposed mode can help the library spread knowledge, improve the effect of information literacy.

A Study of the Role and Approach of China English in the Spread of Chinese Culture Based on the Analysis of Big Data

In the face of the 21st century, the spread of culture and knowledge is a trend and necessity through the presentation of big data all over the world. China English shoulders the important mission of introducing, disseminating and promoting Chinese culture to the world. As an important medium, it plays an important role in the construction of Chinese cultural identity. We should be aware of the trend integration of global culture in the new era, more clearly aware of the severe challenges brought by the exchange and confrontation of different cultures to the weak culture. While introducing and learning western culture, we must try our best to inherit and carry forward the profound traditional culture of the Chinese nation, and call on our traditional culture to spread out.

Enhancing capacity building to climate adaptation and water conservation among Chinese young people.

Capacity development has been regarded as one of many measures to empower the abilities of nations to adapt to a changing climate. Promoting public engagement in water conservation, especially among young people since they will be leading decision making in the near future, is one effective strategy for adapting to the changing climate. This research presented a water footprint adaptation (WF) approach which attempted to link climate adaptation and capacity development with saving water strategy. The approach was tested in cooperation with two universities in Shaanxi province aiming to develop a starting point for WF evaluation and develop an improvement response. The results showed that the college students in our samples reduced their direct and indirect water footprints by 27.39% and 6.50%, respectively, in the post-intervention phase. The evaluation of the improvements proved that the WF approach to be efficient, the awareness of the college students on the matter could be increased. Additionally, the findings of the research indicated that the college students became change agent, expressing the desire to act as multipliers and to help the movement and spread of important knowledge about methods for alleviating water stress and about vulnerability to the changing climate. As expected, the awareness of water scarcity and perceptions of climate change had statistically significant effects on the water footprints, which was consistent with our hypothesis. Our approach helped participants develop capacity by revealing the linkage between their local level actions and the various aspects of adaptation to changing climate at the global level. This strategy will provide a comparative basis for water policy makers to adopt appropriate strategies to address matters related to water shortages and finally enhance sustainable adaptation to changing context.

Kultura prawa w późnośredniowiecznej i wczesnonowożytnej Warszawie

Legal culture in late medieval and early modern Warsaw In the article the author discusses questions associated with legal culture of Old Warsaw burghers in the 15th and first half of the 16th century. She analyses the functioning of German law and operation of institutions governed by it, knowledge of various legal systems on the part of Warsaw burghers, their attitude to court regulations and procedures as well as transformations in this sphere occurring in the late Middle Ages and Early Modern Period. At that time the municipal system of Old Warsaw was based on Chełm Law, supplemented by successive privileges granted by rulers, municipal laws issued by Warsaw councillors as well as instructions and decisions of the Toruń council. However, it is possible to notice a coexistence and interpenetration in the city of various legal systems, with land law being of prime importance. An analysis of records from town registers, primarily court registers from 1427–1535, has made it possible to conclude that the 15th century and first half of the 16th century were a period of systematic spread of knowledge of law among both city clerks and scribes employed by them. An increasingly important role began to be played by writing and documents used as evidence in court. The 16th century was marked by a clear rise in the stature of the high court of Chełm Law in Toruń and the frequency of appeals brought before it. However, the most important role was played by the monarch’s court — after the incorporation of 1526 of the King of Poland. It is also possible to observe in the analysed sources a clear development of legal terminology used in the records kept by the Warsaw scribes.

Organ transplantology – opinions and attitudes of medical and humanities students

Background: Transplantology is one of the fastest-growing branches of medicine and is the treatment of choice for many patients with end-stage organ disease, giving them a chance to recover. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to examine the attitudes and opinions of medical and humanities students regarding organ transplant. Material and methods: Based on the assumed random selection criteria, 200 students of the University of Rzeszów (164 women and 36 men) qualified for the study. Dedicated proprietary research tools were used to assess their knowledge of the following: issues related to organ transplantation, registration as a donor, attitudes to organ donation after the respondent’s death, and objections to the intention to donate organs in the event of the death of a loved one who did not object during their lifetime. Results: A higher level of knowledge about transplantology was found among students of medical faculties (p<0.001). Humanities students were more skeptical about the intention to donate organs in the case of the death of a close relative who did not object during their lifetime (p<0.001). In total, 44% confirmed their consent to be an organ/tissue donor. Conclusions: The level of students’ knowledge of transplantology is insufficient. Familiarity with issues related to organ transplantation translates into the attitude towards organ donation; therefore, it is necessary to increase awareness and spread knowledge in this field in order to popularize it in society.

Preface

This proceeding includes original and peer-reviewed research papers from 3rd International Conference on Air Pollution and Environmental Engineering (APEE 2020). This APEE was held online due to the current COVID-19 pandemic, although face-to-face academic exchanges are more passionate. This new way of online academic conference could make APEE more widely spread around the world. Participation in the conference would be more convenient and the spread of knowledge and technology would be more extensive.APEE 2020 was held during September 28-29, 2020 as air pollution had become a major issue in China and other developing countries. Air pollution may become the greatest threat to human health in the 21st century. APEE 2020 is a platform for presenting excellent results and new challenges facing the field of the air pollution and environmental engineering. It brings together experts from industry, governments and academia, experienced in engineering, technology and research. To promote environmental protection and green sustainable development all over the world.

To Reform Social Media, Reform Informational Capitalism

Calls for altering First Amendment protections to deal with problems caused by social media are often misdirected. The problem is not First Amendment doctrines that protect harmful or false speech. The problem is the health of the digital public sphere: in particular, whether the digital public sphere, as currently constituted, adequately protects the values of political democracy, cultural democracy, and the growth and spread of knowledge. Instead of tinkering with First Amendment doctrines at the margins, we should focus on the industrial organization of digital media and the current business models of social media companies. Only a handful of social media companies currently dominate online discourse. In addition, the business models of social media companies give them incentives to act irresponsibly and amplify false and harmful content. The goals of social media regulation should therefore be twofold. The first goal should be to ensure a more diverse ecology of social media so that no single company’s construction or governance of the digital public sphere dominates. The second goal should be to give social media companies — or at least the largest and most powerful ones — incentives to become trusted and trustworthy organizations for facilitating, organizing, and curating public discourse. Competition law, consumer protection, and privacy reforms are needed to create a more diverse and pluralistic industry and to discourage business practices that undermine the digital public sphere. Given these goals, the focus should not be on First Amendment doctrines of content regulation, but on digital business models. To the extent that First Amendment doctrine requires any changes, one should aim at relatively recent decisions concerning commercial speech, data privacy, and telecommunications law that might make it harder for Congress to regulate digital businesses.

THE MODEL OF CLINICAL REASONING IN APPROACH TO FEBRILE INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN MEDIEVAL PERSIA

Reviewing ancient manuscripts of Persian medicine (PM) reveals that there have been some basic principles for decision-making in epidemic infectious diseases that existed in the past. These PM rules for clinical reasoning were applied through a personalized approach along with public health advice in such situations. Currently, the coronavirus pandemic has been the biggest problem in the world. Its mainstay of treatment is based on preventative measures and symptomatic treatments. Meanwhile, traditional medical systems for providing preventive, supportive, and rehabilitative care to patients have received more attention than before. Thus, the specific individual approach considered by PM scholars for clinical courses of epidemic infectious diseases may help shed more light on the spread of knowledge on epidemic diseases in ancient Persia.

Assessment of the knowledge, attitude, and practice of using hair-smoothing products among women in Saudi Arabia

Background: Hair-smoothing products have been developed by the cosmetic industry, targeting the popular desire among women for beautification. The products are also used as a treatment for hair. All hair-smoothing products contain different levels of formaldehyde, which is classified as a carcinogen by the World Health Organization. Purpose: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of using hair-smoothing products among women in Saudi Arabia, as well as identifying common side effects of their use. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020 in Saudi Arabia. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to more than 1600 women, administered in the Arabic language using paper and an online survey. Results: Only 35% of the participants had previously used hair treatments, whereas 24% of the participants identified formaldehyde as a carcinogen. Close to two-thirds (59%) of the participants used hair treatments to facilitate management of their hair. About one-third (35%) of participants read the instructions for hair treatments before their use. The main symptom participants mentioned related to formaldehyde exposure was hair loss (34%). The majority of users (71%) use personal protective equipment during their use of hair-smoothing products. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated low levels of knowledge, a number of misconceptions, and faulty practices. Women must be made aware of the risks of some hair-straightening products that contain large concentrations of formaldehyde exceeding the recommended exposure levels. Therefore, we recommend raising the overall general public knowledge and awareness of hair-straightening products by establishing marketing campaigns and spreading knowledge through social media.