Spread Of Technology Research Articles

Personnel of Digital Transformation in Agriculture

The solution of the problem of digital transformation of agriculture is becoming particularly relevant in connection with the sanctions pressure on the Russian Federation. World practice and the experience of successful domestic agricultural producers show that the use of modern digital technologies makes it possible to create optimal conditions that ensure a significant increase in plant yields, animal productivity and labor productivity throughout the life cycle of agricultural products, reducing material costs for fuels and lubricants, electricity, plant protection products, labor remuneration and other types of expenses, soil fertility preservation and environmental protection. The article systematizes global trends in the spread of digital technologies in the field of agriculture. Based on the data of the federal statistical observation, as well as monitoring of digital maturity, quantitative results of the involvement of ICT specialists (including IT specialists) in the field of agriculture in the period 2019-2021 are presented. The purpose of this article is to identify the problem of the lack of qualified personnel with digital competencies in agriculture, to show the current situation of human resources, as well as to make recommendations on measures of state support for improving the working conditions of IT specialists in the economic and social sectors.

Special Issue on On-Machine and In-Process Measurement for Smart and Precision Manufacturing

The Internet of Things is playing an important role, organizing all things that use data and connecting them to the Internet. It has been made possible by the rapid progress in smart and real-time measurement technologies, the miniaturization and speeding up of sensor technologies as well as intelligent data processors, and by the spread of cloud technology, which accumulates huge amounts of data. To establish smart and precision manufacturing, not only the improvement of conventional ultraprecision machining techniques but also the development of the novel, high-performance machining techniques has been made. On-machine and in-process measurement are gaining in importance for emerging machining technologies as well as conventional ones. Advanced techniques of machining and metrology as well as feedback for compensation manufacturing have been required for plasticity to on-machine and in-process conditions. This special issue focuses on metrology and manufacturing measurement and instrumentation for the progress of state-of-the-art on-machine and in-process measurement systems and sensor technologies. It consists of contributions related to, but not limited to, the following topics: - On-machine, in-process measurement and process monitoring - Practical application of on-machine, in-process measurement - Machine tool metrology - Intelligent micro- and nano-metrology - Multi-sensor fusion and multi-sensor cooperation - Form and dimensional measurement and instrumentation - 3D-surface texture and its micro-characteristics - Machine learning, AI aided measurement We would like to sincerely thank all the authors for their contributions, and we sincerely hope that the papers in this special issue further contribute to the development of our future society from a new horizon of metrology.

Engaging pre-service teachers enrolled in science methods course in teaching through social contextualization of science

The recent global pandemic, the spread of artificial intelligence technology, and the constant threats of climate change are just examples of ways in which our lives and the issues we face are intricately linked with science and technology and highlight the need for improving our education system to allow for developing an informed and engaged citizenry. The preparation of teachers and successfully equipping them to plan and implement socially relevant and contextualized science lessons is a critical step in achieving this goal. In this article, I provide lucid and detailed account of my approach and describe possible ways of incorporating immersive and experiential learning opportunities within methods courses and teacher professional development to help pre and in-service teachers recognize the significance of socially contextualized science, and by extension STEM instruction, as well as prepare and support them in planning and implementing such an approach in their own classrooms. The components and examples discussed are suitable for elementary and secondary methods courses and professional development and would similarly be ideal and applicable for implementation in K-12 classrooms.

Online Learning Evaluation (Kahoot!) As A Motivational Tool For Students Learning

We live in an era in which technology develops and evolves every second, making it important to explore its application in teaching and learning outcomes. Traditionally, educators have used passive tools and techniques to deliver information and course materials. However, the spread of technology in the field of education has been followed by the use of various tools in the classroom, such as Kahoot!, a game-based learning platform. This study showed that implementing Kahoot! in an undergraduate course, Seminar and Presentation Skills, at Sultan Qaboos University increased students’ motivation and engagement. Overall, 70.2% of students stated that Kahoot! increased their interest in the course and enjoyment of the class atmosphere. About 64% of the students also appreciated the real-time assessment of their performance in the classroom. The use of Kahoot! improved key skills in students’ attention, creativity, and critical thinking. This study could inspire educators and college instructors to use active learning tools to optimize the learning outcomes of their courses.

IoT and Digital Twin: a new perspective for Cultural Heritage predictive maintenance

In the construction sector, the maintenance and monitoring of buildings are of fundamental importance, both in civil and cultural heritage buildings, ensuring their preservation, safety, and proper functioning over time. The preservation of the built heritage is one of the main objectives that a nation must pursue, and thanks to the ever-increasing spread of new technologies, it is possible to apply innovative approaches capable of monitoring in real-time the progressive damage of structures or intercepting sudden situations capable of causing extensive damage. Traditional monitoring methodologies, employed so far, are based on direct inspections and manual data collection, and are often expensive and only sometimes effective. In this scenario, a significant contribution has been made by the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm, which has made it possible to collect real-time data from sensors placed on the structures to be monitored, thus enabling the implementation of predictive maintenance methodologies. A further contribution to the development of these methodologies has come from the emergence of the concept of the Digital Twin (DT), a digital model of an intended or actual real-world product, system or physical process that serves as an effectively indistinguishable digital counterpart of it for practical purposes such as simulation, integration, testing, monitoring and maintenance. In order to make the DT even more effective, it is possible to link it to the real structure through BIM, i.e. a process applied to existing buildings or monuments that aims not only at the mere restitution of the three-dimensional model but above all at the creation of so-called ‘intelligent models’. The latter is rich in geometric information, including the state of conservation of materials, in which all components are parametric objects with well-defined semantics and can contain all the historical information derived from an adequate documentary analysis. Starting from the above, this paper aims to present a methodology for monitoring an existing building, exploiting innovative technologies based on DT and IoT concepts. The case study analyzed is the Scientific Library of the University of Salerno, and the first results of the experiment are more than satisfactory.

ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ПРОГРАМ ЗІ ШТУЧНИМ ІНТЕЛЕКТОМ У СЕГМЕНТІ ЗАГАЛЬНОЇ СЕРЕДНЬОЇ ОСВІТИ: ПОТЕНЦІАЛ І ВИКЛИКИ

The involvement of artificial intelligence (AI) systems in the field of education/pedagogy is an irreversible process. The segment of general secondary education is promising for the introduction of AI services. Schools must provide students with basic skills and foster AI competence to prepare them for a high-tech future. UNESCO has developed a global regulatory framework for artificial intelligence. Some countries are already demonstrating successful initiatives to integrate new technology in schools. At the same time, the implementation of AI tools in the educational environment is a legitimate concern, because it is associated with high risks. In Ukraine, the study of various aspects of integrating AI technologies into secondary education is at an early stage. The purpose of the article is to study the advantages of implementing artificial intelligence tools in the segment of general secondary education, as well as some risks that teachers should be prepared for. The study is based on an in-depth analysis of numerous domestic and, particularly, foreign publications on the topic, and draws on the existing experience of testing various AI tools by educators and the author. Special attention is paid to the potential use of AI by students to improve learning outcomes through increased motivation, self-education and mentoring, personalized and interactive learning etc. Some challenges associated with the introduction of new technology, which is gaining momentum among students, are discussed, as well as suggestions on how to avoid the negative consequences of its incorrect use. In conclusion, it is noted that AI technology can help students develop creativity, innovation, creative abilities, providing a variety of tools and resources, as well as new opportunities for project and educational research activities. With the spread of new technology in general secondary education institutions, there is a need to change approaches to learning, including revising strategies for monitoring and correcting students' knowledge, skills, and abilities. It is timely to develop a methodology for teaching with AI in the context of various educational components of the school curriculum.

Детерминанты отношения населения России к экологическим вопросам: роль геополитической напряженности

It is widely recognised that public interest in environmental issues is a driver of low-carbon economic development, owing to the fact that the degree of community concern about environmental quality is tightly associated with the implementation of green initiatives by business and government. In its turn, public support for environmental protection is a function of socio-economic, cultural, historical and political conditions. Russia is an economy that has managed to increase its prosperity and qualitatively transform institutions over the past two decades. The country’s economic growth has been accompanied by environmental degradation, especially at the regional level. More importantly, social and economic upswing in Russia was associated with greater involvement of the population in environmental protection issues. There has been a steady increase in the share of the population who prefer environmental protection to economic growth, and the proportion of Russians who are convinced that human activity has a significant impact on the environment has considerably grown. However, at the current stage of development, sociological surveys indicate a significant decrease in the interest of Russian citizens in environmental issues. Escalating geopolitical uncertainty and macroeconomic turbulence may contribute to the fact. This study aims to identify the determinants of the Russian population’s attitudes towards environmental issues over the period of 1995–2023, with a special focus on the role of geopolitical tensions. The results obtained by means of the sophisticated econometric techniques – Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and Non-Linear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) – indicate that income level, education, as well as the spread of information and telecommunication technologies (ICT) stimulate the involvement of Russian citizens in environmental issues, while geopolitical tensions reduce the share of the population that prioritises environmental protection. At the same time, the study sheds light on the fact that maintaining the interest of the Russian population towards environmental issues is most relevant in the context of high geopolitical risks, as environmental degradation is most likely to be observed during this period.

Платформы цифровых валют центральных банков как фактор фрагментации мировой валютной системы

The subject of the study is the spread of digital technologies in the global economy, including in monetary and currency systems and financial markets, which determine the need to consider the processes of digitalization and their impact on the global monetary system. The purpose of the work is to establish the consequences of the introduction of digital currencies of central banks and their use in the global monetary system (GMS) in the context of deglobalization, exacerbation of civilizational confrontation and aggravation of geopolitical risks for all its participants, and above all for Russia. In the course of the research, the platform model of the digitalization of GMS, the motives for the introduction of the digital currencies of central banks and the conditions necessary for their functioning in international circulation, existing restrictions, as well as the opportunities and risks of Russia's participation in these processes are considered. The negative consequences, challenges and risks associated with the GMS platform transformation have been identified As a result of the study, it was concluded that the platform format of the digitalization of the GMS in the existing geopolitical conditions lays the objective basis for its fragmentation, since both the platforms themselves and the mechanisms of interrelation between them imply the need to harmonize the rules and procedures of their functioning, technical links and standards, using bilateral and multilateral contractual agreements. The fragmentation of the global economy and finance into geopolitical blocks casts doubt on the possibility of such agreements and the formation of a unified global digital financial infrastructure.

ХМАРНІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ЯК ІНСТРУМЕНТ ЕФЕКТИВНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ ФІНАНСОВО-ЕКОНОМІЧНОЮ БЕЗПЕКОЮ ТА HR-ТЕХНОЛОГІЯМИ В УМОВАХ ЦИФРОВІЗАЦІЇ

In today's world, HR technologies in the management of financial and economic security have become a key factor in achieving business efficiency and competitiveness. With the constant development of technologies and the growing volume of data, cloud information technologies are becoming an integral part of effective management of financial and economic security and HR technologies. Market subjects are quickly mastering the new possibilities of organizing business communications and are actively included in the electronic business environment. This leads to the fact that access to information technologies becomes not just a competitive advantage, but a necessary condition for the functioning of economic entities. The rapid improvement and spread of cloud technologies is one of those key trends. It has been proven that the use of cloud services is a convenient tool for providing access to information from any device and capable of ensuring its security, which has become especially relevant when conducting business during a pandemic and in times of war. A study of effective management of financial and economic security and HR technologies in conditions of digitalization was carried out. It has been proven that the use of cloud technologies as a tool for managing financial and economic security and HR technologies is effective and provides accounting, planning, control, and protection of the business environment. Advantages and threats affecting the financial and economic security of the enterprise when using cloud technologies are considered. It has been established that cloud information technologies provide the business entity with powerful tools for effective management of financial and economic security and HR. They increase the availability of financial information, optimize budgeting and cost analysis, improve transparency and data security, and reduce operational costs. These advantages make it an integral part of modern business and allow business entities to remain competitive and change rapidly. An example of the use of cloud technologies as a tool for effective management of financial and economic security and HR technologies by a small enterprise in modern business conditions is given. Aspects of application of cloud technologies in accounting are considered, advantages and limitations are determined.

Детерминанты процесса массовизации высшего образования: эмпирический анализ для БРИКС+

Globalization and unprecedented economic growth have led to a radical change in the role of higher education in the world. Currently, BRICS+ (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, Argentina, Egypt, Iran, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Ethiopia) are characterized by high rates of economic development and industrialization. In this regard, it seems interesting to investigate whether the process of massification of higher education (increasing the coverage of the population with higher education) is inherent in these countries. The purpose of the study is to identify the determinants of the massification of higher education in the BRICS+ countries. In addition, explore how various economic and social factors influence the participation of women and men in higher education. For the analysis, the author constructed a database containing information on the countries of the association for the period 1990–2022 and developed an empirical model. It is shown that the massification of higher education is typical for the countries studied. The key factors determining this process are macroeconomic conditions (in particular, the cost of living and the unemployment rate), the provision of natural resources, globalization processes and the level of spread of information and telecommunication technologies. In the case of individual economies, the following come to the fore: the level of development of the financial sector, the influx of foreign direct investment and government support for the educational sector

ТЕХНОЛОГІЯ, ПЕРЕВАГИ ТА РИЗИКИ ВІРТУАЛЬНОГО ПІДПРИЄМСТВА

The need to increase the level of customer satisfaction, the improvement of permanent relations with consumers and the development of modern markets under the conditions of globalization lead to the creation of such an organizational form as a virtual enterprise. The relevance of this problem comes from the constant growth of global networks, digital and information technologies, which stimulates the development of a new type of economic relations, which leads to an inevitable change in traditional concepts of doing business. The reason for the appearance of the concept of a virtual enterprise is definitely the rapid spread of modern Internet technologies, within which new opportunities for communication and cooperation of autonomous and geographically distant enterprises are implemented. The emergence of new information technologies opens up new opportunities for business organization. At the current stage, it is not the restructuring of the production cycle or the reworking of the business process, but technologies using the Internet that form the information infrastructure of support for virtual enterprises. It should provide communication and integration, joint management, including modeling of the interaction of participants and support of work execution. In the modern economy, one of the key factors of the competitiveness of enterprises are: timely response to market changes, speed of production and delivery of goods, adaptive and rational methods of conducting business, effectiveness of the enterprise's marketing strategy. The article describes the virtual enterprise technology, which implements a qualitatively new integration of business process management. The basic aspects of the functioning of virtual enterprises, as well as information technologies, without which this functioning is impossible, are considered. An analysis of key factors that are critical for the existence of a virtual enterprise is carried out, the main requirements for workflow systems to support inter-organizational processes are considered. The ability to quickly respond to market changes at critically low costs from the point of view of traditional business and the ability to make a virtual business profitable with smaller capital investments, in shorter terms and with significantly less financial risk are considered. Possible organizational structures of a virtual enterprise are presented. Advantages and risks of doing business on the basis of a virtual enterprise are provided.

Worldview and religious-cultural orientations of the "Digital Age Human"

This article explores the impact of the digital era on fundamental aspects of human life, including issues of faith, morality, and cultural identity. It highlights that digital technologies have become an integral part of modern human life, making it impossible to ignore their obvious cultural significance today. The focus is on analyzing how contemporary technologies, such as artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things, are reshaping traditional religious practices, facilitating the emergence of new forms of spirituality, and altering traditional religious structures. Both positive and negative consequences of such transformations for individuals and society are discussed. By utilizing digital products and technologies and entering cyberspace, religion strives to make religious heritage, culture, and tradition more understandable and accessible to a larger number of people. The adaptation and transformation of religion can be traced in various directions of activity related to the implementation and mastery of cyberspace and digital space. Examples of the digitalization of religion and religious digital products are provided to substantiate the transformation of religion. The idea is substantiated that studying digital culture today means not so much analyzing its phenomena and artifacts per se, but rather studying the broad transformations occurring with the spread of digital technologies in culture at large.

ВИКОРИСТАННЯ СПЕЦІАЛЬНИХ ЗНАНЬ ПІД ЧАС ДОСУДОВОГО РОЗСЛІДУВАННЯ ШАХРАЙСТВА: КРИМІНАЛЬНО-ПРОЦЕСУАЛЬНИЙ І КРИМІНАЛІСТИЧНИЙ АСПЕКТ

The article examines the criminal-procedural and forensic aspect of the use of special knowledge during the pre-trial investigation of fraud. It is noted that, from a practical point of view, it is advisable to divide the use of special knowledge during fraud investigation into procedural and non-procedural (organizational) forms. Among the main procedural forms is the involvement of a specialist in the conduct of procedural actions and the appointment of forensic examinations. Among the non-procedural (organizational) forms, the most effective are consultative and reference and analytical assistance of a specialist in the relevant field. Forensic examination is one of the important means of obtaining evidence during a fraud investigation. It is noted that the main forms of using special knowledge during the investigation of fraud are: the involvement of specialists in investigative (search) activities. Identification, fixation, collection of traces that may be important in criminal proceedings; appointment of forensic examinations. An expert's opinion may have evidentiary value in substance; consulting and reference assistance. Explanations of specialists who will help in establishing the truth, as well as obtaining information that can be used to appoint the necessary forensic examinations. Scientific development in the field of pretrial investigation of fraud is constantly developing, taking into account changes in the ways of committing criminal offenses and technologies. Especially in recent years, there has been an increase in interest in this direction due to the spread of digital technologies. The results of scientific research help law enforcement agencies to improve their work and respond more effectively to modern challenges in the field of combating fraud. The use of specialized knowledge in the pretrial investigation of fraud is an important component of the successful detection and counteraction of this type of criminal offense, as well as ensuring the objectivity of the investigation. The use of special knowledge combined with the professional experience and high level of competence of the investigator can significantly increase the effectiveness of the investigation and combat fraud. Key words: pretrial investigation, fraud, criminal offense, criminal proceedings, special knowledge, specialist, expert, forensic examination.

Biorefining Technologies in the Global South

The Global South faces a significant challenge in accessing clean and affordable energy due to underdevelopment. However, these regions possess abundant but underutilized biomass resources that can be converted into clean energy and valuable chemicals through bio-refining technologies. These technologies are gaining popularity worldwide as environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional petroleum-based industries, presenting viable paths for environmental sustainability, economic growth, and energy security in the Global South. This chapter reviews the bioenergy resources available with their total estimated potentials in the Global South. Savings estimate from improved stoves as well as the estimated number of biorefineries in the global south countries with their installed capacities were highlighted using comparative efficiency analysis. It also examines the socio-economic and environmental impacts of bio-refining activities in the Global South and outlines the way forward. Socioeconomic impacts analysis suggests that enabling policy frameworks, such as renewable energy targets, carbon pricing mechanisms, biofuel mandates, and research grants, are crucial to advancing the adoption and spread of bio-refinery technologies in the Global South. Ultimately, the sustainable development of the Global South through bio-refinery technologies offers opportunities for energy independence, economic diversification, and environmental preservation.

Інноваційні технології у фінансовій сфері: узагальнення світового досвіду

The introduction of innovations makes it possible to ensure a stable economic situation for the business entity – both at the level of the national financial sector and in the international financial services market. The spread of financial technologies in the world continues to evolve through the emergence of new products and services. Despite different approaches to the development of enterprises and organizations in the financial sector, the common features remain the desire for innovation, ensuring the security of the financial system and protecting consumers. The contemporary tendency towards the introduction of flexible models of response to changes in the economic environment is one of the major strategies for creating favorable conditions for the development of innovative technologies in the financial sector. The aim of the publication consists in a theoretical generalization of the international experience in the implementation of financial innovations and to develop recommendations for its implementation in domestic practice. Financial innovation technologies are an important component of the development of the national economy of Ukraine. Our country has significant potential for the development of financial technologies, but its regulatory framework still needs significant changes to create a favorable environment for innovation. Unlike the UK or the EU, where regulations are aimed at accelerating the introduction of financial technologies, in Ukraine this process is just beginning. The article analyzes the international experience in the introduction of innovative technologies in the financial sector. The experience of fintech innovations in the USA, Great Britain, China, Singapore, South Korea is considered, the features of implementation and the possibility of their adaptation to activities of the business entities in Ukraine are determined. The existing regulatory obstacles to the possibilities of generation of fintech startups in Ukraine are identified. The National Bank of Ukraine (NBU), which is the key regulator of the national financial sector, is gradually introducing new rules and conditions for the development of financial technologies. However, at present, the limited legal framework for cryptocurrencies, blockchain technologies and other innovative solutions remains a problem, which hinders the development of such instruments. An analysis of the experience of implementing innovative technologies in the leading countries of the world proves that Ukraine already has a fairly flexible regulatory system, which creates potential advantages for the generation of financial startups, but at the same time there are certain risks of an imperfect regulatory system.

THE GROWING THREAT TO THE SECURITY OF INSTITUTIONS AND COUNTRIES AS A RESULT OF ELECTRONIC PIRACY IN CYBERSPACE, “LIBYA IS A MODEL”

Terrorism is the obsession experienced by all countries and people fear it to the point that it has become a part of daily life. Hardly a day goes by without a terrorist act beginning somewhere in the world. It has become unique and news of terrorism is shared in the media and receives the attention of people of all cultural levels and inclinations and existence. On the ground, it is due to policies and locations. However, history has advanced, but at the present time even after another very exciting new one, especially after the amazing spread of modern technology and the emergence of the information network (the Internet), which enables devastating bloody operations to be carried out with minimal effort and many security elements continue to prevent them from scratch. Or catch them later. Cyber war is one of the most prominent features of political and commercial conflicts between countries. In theory, cyber war means malicious activities through the Internet supported by a country, which target infrastructure, facilities, government institutions, industrial networks, and research, and are capable of disrupting the operation of vital infrastructure

СУЧАСНІ ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ РОЗВИТКУ БАНКІВСЬКИХ ІННОВАЦІЙ У СВІТІ

This work focuses on the fact that the rapid development and spread of new information and communication technologies has led to radical changes in the information sphere at the global level, which has a significant impact both on financial markets as a whole and on various sectors in which banks play an important role as financial intermediaries. It is noted that modern banks operate in conditions of rapid and irreversible changes in technology, competition in the market for banking services, the growth of non-banking organizations, changes in customer behavior and regulatory changes. This work analyzes the strategy of building the e-Stonia information society, the main principles of its functioning and the main components. Some characteristics of innovations introduced into the banking environment are determined. The most common types of innovative banking products are presented. The process of digitalization of relations between banks and other financial market participants is analyzed. It is noted that the interest in the banking system in the conditions of the digital economy is due to the need to solve a number of specific issues outlined in this article. The main changes in the functioning of the banking system as a result of the digitalization of the economy are analyzed. The need for further research into the security of banking operations is emphasized, taking into account the instability of world financial markets, technical progress and the potential of financial crises.. The article defines the classification of threats that pose risks to banking security in two directions. A list of conditions guaranteeing the financial security of banks is also given, and the principles reflecting the process of ensuring financial security in the banking sector are detailed. The main components that make up the bank's financial security have been determined. It was established that the factors affecting the financial security of banks lead to the loss of the bank's resource base (capital, labor resources and client base), lack of access to digital technologies and the full functioning of the financial institution. It is believed that the direct impact of digitalization on economic growth is related to the level of its innovativeness.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ В ПРОЦЕСІ ЄВРОІНТЕГРАЦІЇ УКРАЇНИ

The features of information policy in the process of European integration of Ukraine are analyzed. It is well-founded that the problem of political information in the European integration process of Ukraine is at the center of the search for the informatization of Ukrainian society. It is argued that in order to solve these issues, it is necessary to evaluate legislation and scientific and practical developments and research in the field of information policy of Ukraine. A comparison of the law of the EU and Ukraine is shown, as well as an analysis of the prospects for European integration of Ukraine in the information sphere. Accordingly, the question arises of the lack of proper practice and effectiveness of information policy in the process of European integration of Ukraine. By comparing the experience of the EU and Ukraine, it is shown that the study of information policy in the context of European integration is urgent in the context of war, as it helps to understand how policymakers can reduce the digital divide, promote digital integration and encourage digital innovation to increase competitiveness, employment and societal well-being. The development of an effective information policy in the context of European integration requires an understanding of the legislative and regulatory framework that regulates the introduction and spread of digital technologies in Europe.

ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЕ СТЕПЕНИ ПРОНИКНОВЕНИЯ СОТОВОЙ СВЯЗИ В РЕГИОНЫ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ НА ОСНОВЕ S-МОДЕЛЕЙ

The article examines the dynamics of the degree of penetration of cellular communications in the Russian Federation. In general, for Russia, federal districts, Moscow and St. Petersburg, based on official data from Rosstat, models were built that describe the time dependence of the number of active SIM cards per 1000 residents. It has been established that this dependence is best described by the Gompertz curve containing the asymptotic level of indicators. The reliability of the resulting models exceeds 97%. The revealed ratios indicate a significant difference in the provision of the population of federal districts with mobile communication services. The asymptotic level of the number of SIM cards per person for the Central Federal District is almost twice as high as for the North Caucasus. The results of the study confirm the presence of digital inequality in Russian regions, noted in works devoted to the analysis of the spread of information and communication technologies. Socio-economic differentiation, the large extent of the country, gaps in the level of education and digital literacy of the population are the causes of digital inequality. And this, in turn, leads to a decrease in economic efficiency. The existence of an asymptotic level and a slowdown in the growth rate do not give reason to assume that the gap in the provision of cellular communication services will be eliminated.

Циркулярна економіка в умовах трансформаційних змін: цифровізація, глобалізація, інновації

The presented work considers the main features of the modern circular economy, also identifies the main aspects of transformational changes and characterizes the main components of the impact on the development of the modern circular economy in the form of digitalization, globalization and innovation. It is noted that traditional models of economic development are becoming less and less effective in solving global challenges, such as the depletion of natural resources, the growth of waste and climate change. Under these conditions, the conception of a circular economy based on the principles of closed cycles of production and consumption is becoming increasingly important. The circular economy aims to maximize the conservation of the value of resources, their reuse, reduce waste and decrease the environmental burden. The main aim of the presented article is to determine the features of the formation of the circular economy in the context of transformational changes, taking into account digitalization, globalization and innovation. The methods used in the study: synthesis, deduction, comparison, logical method, method of analysis, induction, observation, generalization method, tabular and graphical methods allowed for substantiating the main results of the study and presenting them in the visual form. It is substantiated that such transformational processes as digitalization, globalization and innovation play a key role in maintaining and further developing the circular economy. Digitalization provides new tools for monitoring and managing resources, enabling more efficient and sustainable business models. Globalization promotes the spread of best practices and technologies, which stimulates international cooperation in the field of circular economy. Innovation, in turn, is a driving force that opens up new opportunities for the development of materials, technologies and processes, allowing for more efficient use of resources and reduction of environmental impact. Thus, the circular economy in the context of transformational changes is becoming not only a response to modern challenges, but also a promising direction for ensuring sustainable development. Its implementation requires an integrated approach that combines technological, economic and social aspects to create conditions for the harmonious coexistence of economic growth and environmental protection.