Детерминанты процесса массовизации высшего образования: эмпирический анализ для БРИКС+

Abstract

Globalization and unprecedented economic growth have led to a radical change in the role of higher education in the world. Currently, BRICS+ (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, Argentina, Egypt, Iran, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Ethiopia) are characterized by high rates of economic development and industrialization. In this regard, it seems interesting to investigate whether the process of massification of higher education (increasing the coverage of the population with higher education) is inherent in these countries. The purpose of the study is to identify the determinants of the massification of higher education in the BRICS+ countries. In addition, explore how various economic and social factors influence the participation of women and men in higher education. For the analysis, the author constructed a database containing information on the countries of the association for the period 1990–2022 and developed an empirical model. It is shown that the massification of higher education is typical for the countries studied. The key factors determining this process are macroeconomic conditions (in particular, the cost of living and the unemployment rate), the provision of natural resources, globalization processes and the level of spread of information and telecommunication technologies. In the case of individual economies, the following come to the fore: the level of development of the financial sector, the influx of foreign direct investment and government support for the educational sector