Spread Of New Forms Research Articles

MEDIATEXTOLOGY: A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF THE MODERN MEDIA LANGUAGE FORMAT AND GENRE DIVERSITY

The purpose of this article is to present the basics of a systematic integrated approach to the study of the format and genre diversity of modern media speech, designed within the framework of a separate direction of media linguistic research - media textology. The relevance of the development of media textology as an independent direction is due to the rapid diversification of the format and genre structure of the modern media language under the influence of constant improvement of information and communication technologies and the emergence of new multimedia opportunities for the creation and distribution of media content. The theoretical and methodological apparatus of media textology is built on the basis of previous experience in typological description of speech media practices, taking into account the dynamics of media speech, the spread of new forms of media content representation and the peculiarities of its structuring, including the tendency to hybridization and convergence. The key principle of mediatextology is the selection of media texts proper from the set of texts functioning on the Internet, i.e. those that are created by professional journalists for online media and form the basic media content. Unlike other types of network texts created and distributed by individual users on various network platforms for personal purposes, network media texts are produced and distributed on media platforms that have the status of an official mass media.

Martial law and the digital labor market: The case of Ukraine

The article is devoted to topical issues of the functioning of the labor market of Ukraine in the conditions of the war. The authors identify threats of digitalization of the market, as well as positive features of digital technologies. The main trends in the field of labor, which are characteristic of modern democratic countries, have been studied. Moreover, the optimal directions for the development of digital labor relations in the conditions of martial law are described and, at the same time, the possibilities of using digital technologies in the specified field are clarified. Finally, the expediency of developing mechanisms and tools for the implementation of an effective labor market management system that takes into account the issues of education, soft skills development and increasing the level of social protection and social security is emphasized. It is concluded that, in the experiences of formation of the global digital market of labor relations, the spread of new forms of work, organizational and legal methods and conditions for the use of intellectual labor is observed.

АНАЛІЗ ТРЕНДІВ РОЗВИТКУ РИНКУ ПРАЦІ В УКРАЇНІ: КЛЮЧОВІ ЗМІНИ ТА ВИКЛИКИ ВОЄННОГО ЧАСУ

The article is devoted to the generalization of the changes taking place in the labor market of Ukraine in the conditions of the war based on the analysis of its development trends, as well as the identification of challenges affecting the human resources of the economy. The relevance of the research topic is due to the fact that currently in Ukraine, business needs comprehensive and accessible information about the state and trends of the labor market in order to make sound management decisions in the field of personnel support and develop appropriate measures in response to the challenges experienced by the labor market in the conditions of martial law. The research was conducted using the information base of the State Employment Service, as well as on the basis of processing the results of surveys conducted by sociological groups and consulting companies. The dynamics of the unemployment rate in Ukraine and the load on 1 vacancy were analyzed, special attention was paid to the category of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in the labor market. It was determined that IDPs are a potential source of solving the problem of business staffing in wartime conditions. The trends of the labor market of Ukraine in the conditions of war, which take place from the side of labor supply and demand, are summarized. The challenges of wartime, which the labor market of Ukraine feels most acutely, are defined as follows: settlement of the regional imbalance of the labor force; settlement of the professional and qualification imbalance in the labor market, in particular through the formation (in the updated system of professional education) of jobseekers with the skills required by the economy; promoting the integration of IDPs into the labor market of host communities; investing in the creation of new jobs with decent and inclusive working conditions; stimulation of effective employment of women and youth; spread of new forms of employment and support of self-employment.

ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ КОРОТКОСТРОКОВИХ НАВЧАЛЬНИХ ПРОГРАМ З ЕНЕРГОЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ В РАМКАХ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ ПРОЄКТУ «FUTURE PROFI» НА БАЗІ ДНЗ «БОГУСЛАВСЬКИЙ ЦЕНТР ПРОФЕСІЙНО-ТЕХНІЧНОЇ ОСВІТИ»

The current state of the economy is characterized by significant changes in the labor market. New trends – the rapid development of innovations and technologies, the emergence of new specialties at the intersection of several industries, the need for saving and efficient use of energy resources, the spread of new forms and types of employment, increased competition, increased migration, the possibility of constantly changing the place of work and profession - put forward new requirements for ownership knowledge, skills and abilities. Soft universal interprofessional skills (soft skills), such as knowledge and information management, self-organization, negotiation, the ability to analyze and make effective decisions, solve complex problems, allow a person to quickly adapt to new conditions, together with specialized specialized knowledge – allow to gain competitiveness and demand in the labor market. Such specialized knowledge today are qualifications in the energy efficiency and energy saving sector.

Physical violence against a person: criminal-legal aspect

The article emphasizes that in the historical development of society, violence is an objective factor accompanying the entire process of its existence. In each historical epoch, the forms and methods of this social phenomenon acquire certain specific changes, but its essence remains unchanged - it is an anti-legal, anti-social, anti-humane phenomenon.
 Among the objective factors and factors that generate violence are the deformation of moral guidelines and Christian virtues, the promotion of cruelty, unspirituality and violence is gaining widespread development.
 Among violent acts against a person, physical violence is the most serious concern. It remains extremely relevant in any form.
 The article states that in Art. 3 of the Constitution of Ukraine clearly prescribes norms aimed at the protection of a person and a citizen: "A person, his life and health, honor and dignity, inviolability and security are the highest social value" [1].
 Based on the requirements of the Basic Law, normative legal acts, law enforcement agencies of Ukraine direct all their activities to fight against criminal offenses, ensure legality, and protect the rights and freedoms of citizens. This important function is clearly formulated in Art. 1 of the General part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine (hereinafter the Criminal Code of Ukraine), where it is indicated that it "has as its task the legal protection of the rights and freedoms of man and citizen ... as well as the prevention of criminal offenses" [2].
 Thus, the state and its law enforcement agencies face the problem of protecting life, health and security of inviolability, primarily from physical violence.
 The article emphasizes that physical violence, aimed primarily at humiliating a person's honor and dignity, causes him not only physical, but also moral and psychological suffering. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the humiliation of a person's dignity negatively affects not only his psychological and moral, but also his spiritual, mental and intellectual state, can push him to revenge, which can lead to tragic consequences.
 The article emphasizes that in modern society there are processes that are characterized by rapid changes in all spheres of social life and are based on contradictions and conflicts.
 Attention is focused on the fact that physical violence objectively includes conflict in its orbit as a dialectical contradiction between opposite, polar parties.
 The article found that physical violence directed against a person is not only illegal from the point of view of criminal law, but also an anti-humane, anti-moral and anti-social action that leads to physical and moral suffering and humiliation of human honor and dignity. It necessarily negatively affects the mental state of the victim.
 A significant role in physical violence is played by the mental activity of a person, which is closely related to his moral-willed, emotional-intellectual characteristics and other factors that play an important role in criminal liability and punishment.
 The article establishes that the concept of violence as a legal category has received a new understanding in our time. As a result of scientific and technical progress, the emergence of new technical means contributes to the spread of new forms of violence.
 The fight against any manifestations of physical violence, a criminal offense, is the constitutional duty of the state and its law enforcement agencies.

ОЦЕНКА СРЕДСТВ АВТОМАТИЗАЦИИ ПРОЦЕССОВ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ПЕРСОНАЛОМ ТОРГОВЫХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ И ВОЗМОЖНОСТЬ ИХ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ТАДЖИКИСТАН

Under the agreed conditions, the increasing competitions, the growth of companies, the spread of their staff, the spread of new forms of labor, in particular, the rearrangement of work, as well as the rediscovery of work requiring secondary training in the organization, does not excite innovations in subordination.personnel management. The use of a process automation environment can significantly improve and facilitate the work of the personnel squad, linking the productive functions of the company. In this case, there is a juicer for software tools to represent both small and large businesses of various types of economy class. The retail trade Republic of Tajikistan is developing at a high pace and is returning to the automation of its processes, including managed ones. In the autor article, the advantage and complexity of the embedded packaging software (software) is dispersed on the pretexts of retail trade, extracts its types, inexperienced functions for effective functioning in the pink trade enterprise. The main criteria of the software stack for personnel management are defined. The main characteristics of the automated system presented on the market have been developed, such as 1C Multiplat and personal case management, Bitrix 24, SAP SuccessFactors, BOSS HR manager. In addition to the key software parameters related to the initial salary and the calculation of vacation time, there are confirmed additional features: character adaptation, motivation, talent breeding, etc. Based on the analyzed, autor conducted a comparative assessment of the automation tool under study according to such criteria as: the main functions in the field of personnel management, the size of the retail trade offer, in order for the bows to be at the very bottom, stand (relative values).

THE TRANSFORMATION OF MANAGERIAL APPROACHES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STATE DIGITAL POLICY OF COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AT THE CURRENT STAGE

Market economy, scientific and technological progress have significantly accelerated the rate of appearance of the latest developments in the field of information technology in all spheres of social and economic life of society. Informatization means increasing labor productivity with the help of reducing the ratio of cost to production, improving the qualifications and professional literacy of specialists engaged in managerial activities. It has been found that information technology represent a set of methods and means of collection, registration, transfer, accumulation, search, processing and protection of information based on the use of advanced software systematically organized to solve managerial tasks. Today, the focus of software development is on direct communication with the consumer, therefore the purpose of information technology as a tool of management is emphasized. It has been studied that the information system combines a set of internal and external flows of direct and reverse information communication of an economic object, methods, specialists that take part in the process of processing information and developing management approaches. It is always possible to note the relationship between the external information environment and the internal information system. It has been proven that today the relevance of information technology lies in the fact that thanks to their use there is an opportunity to optimize and rationalize managerial approaches due to the use of modern means of collecting, transmitting and transforming information. Improvement in managerial approaches has led to the transformation of activities of management and the spread of new forms of implementation of these activities. It is important to understand information technology as processes of collecting, providing, distributing information and managerial approaches to their implementation.

DEVELOPMENT OF NEW FORMS OF EMPLOYMENT IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY

The article examines the emergence of new forms of employment, which¬is caused by innovative processes and the transformation of the economy as a whole. It is shown that the spread of new forms of employment in the context of the formation of a new technological order is a manifestation of the digital transformation of the economy and at the same time acts as a response to the economic crisis caused by the obsolescence¬of outgoing industries due to the gradual exhaustion of their efficiency. The transition to the digital economy is a natural process and requires modernization of employment. The article¬examines the positive and negative consequences of such a transition for the labor market.

Enhancement of Technology in Pedagogy and Practice in Higher Education during Covid-19

The Spread of new forms of technology has inundated the learning System of the student at all levels, especially the higher education level. The efficacy of teaching students to keep pace with evolution without understanding how they will learn. This is the start of an endless journey. Students are always fascinated by digital gadgets and interact more when they find new things; this is one of the reasons integrating new technologies, and interactive tools is very important in this stage of the learning process. Adopting technology in higher education is an innovation that does not cause any disruption to traditional learning mechanisms but rather contributes to the learning evolution. Higher education institutions face many challenges when adopting new technology to their pedagogical style and teaching method because of the growing student numbers and the application of these techniques and methods for students from Different categories and timing. The flipped learning approach we adopted helped us start our Journey smoothly during the Covid 19 pandemic. In continuation to the approach that we adopted of giving students a different and fulfilling learning experience, Middle East College is working on improving the implementation of flipped learning redefined in the context of Online and blended learning. During this phase, the main aim is to enhance the effectiveness of flipped learning in online teaching in delivering and planning synchronous and asynchronous Activities. Also, it helps to improve the interaction of the students with the given materials. This study focuses on enhancing technology in pedagogy and practice in higher education. Where will this study identify the staff member's technological needs and how learning was influenced? In addition, it will highlight the mechanisms used to facilitate the collaboration and interactions between students and Faculties to improve the learning experience, inspire students to learn in an active environment, and encourage Learning Ownership for Lifelong learning.

Informal Employment in Modern Russia: Old Problems and New Realities

Despite the serious measures taken in the country to reduce informal employment, this area remains a significant segment of the Russian labor market. At the same time, both the terminology used and the quantitative parameters of informal employment remain unclear. In recent years, the problem of informal employment in Russia has become more acute due to the active and noticeably accelerated development of information and communication technologies and the COVID-19 pandemic, the spread of new forms of non-standard employment, such as freelancing, platform employment, self-employment, outstaffing, etc. These forms do not yet have a clear and unambiguous interpretation, but they also have a significant “shadow” component. Currently, large-scale economic sanctions have been added to the existing problems, giving rise to the so-called "sanctions crisis", the impact of which on all segments of the domestic labor market, including its informal part, may be significant and ambiguous. In conclusion, the article draws attention to the need to develop a clear interpretation of the term "informal employment" as well as clear distinction and regulation of the statuses of platform employment, freelancing, and self-employment, also in order to provide the relevant categories of workers with social guarantees. In connection with the problem under consideration, a critical analysis of the proposals developed by the Russian Ministry of Labor and Social Protection for a new law on employment in the Russian Federation has been carried out.

Handmade Pottery from the Excavations at Bilsk Hill-fort Rampart Sector

The Bilsk archaeological expedition of the Institute of Archaeology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine explored a part of a rampart of the Great Bilsk hill-fort on the territory of the settlement in the Tsaryna Mohyla tract in 2016—2017. The building was found in the investigated area under the embankment of the rampart. It functioned before the construction of the defensive structures of the Great Bilsk hill-fort and was used as a place for the formation of the ash hill after destruction as a result of a fire. The embankment of the rampart was covered by the layers of the settlement from the inside, which continued to function after its construction. The archaeological layers were quite clearly separated, so during the excavations it was possible to get materials from individual stratigraphic horizons. Most of the finds are represented by local handmade pottery. An analysis of the complex of handmade pottery from individual horizons made it possible to give some conclusions about changes of the inhabitants’ pottery of the settlement in a short period of time (the end of the 7th — the first third of the 5th centuries BC). In general, horizons I—IV are characterized by minimal changes in the local ceramic complex. Materials from the cultural deposits of the pre-fortification period and the time of the creation of the fortifications indicate that the pottery traditions of the local population were transformed slowly and the main form of the complex remained stable. It is indicated by the use of slightly profiled pots as cookingware and most of them had an ornament in the shape of a molded roller on the rim or neck, sometimes on the body. Tableware (bowls, ladles) and containers (very large pots) have polished surface and archaic morphological features. There are no forms (jugs, mugs and vessels of small sizes) which are more typical for the Middle Scythian time. Only after the building of fortifications, at the end of the 6th — the first third of the 5th centuries BC (horizon V) more noticeable changes can be traced in the pottery of the population of the Bilsk hill-fort: appearance of cookingware with expressed body profile, disappearance of the ornamentation with molded rollers tradition, the fading of the tradition of polished tableware and containers, disappearance of some groups and the spread of new forms (jugs, mugs and small vessels). Thus, the study of the part of the rampart at the territory of the settlement in the Tsaryna Mohyla tract at the Bilsk hill-fort made it possible to consider a collection of handmade pottery dated from the end of the 7th — the first third of the 5th centuries BC. It was possible to divide these materials into close chronological groups with clear stratigraphy and trace certain changes in the material complex of the end of the Early Scythian / the beginning of the Middle Scythian periods. These results clarify ideas about the development of pottery traditions of the population in the forest-steppe zone between the Dnipro and Siverskyi Donets Rivers at the Scythian time.

Development of the new employment forms in the context of digital transformation of the economy

The article deals with the problems of the formation of new forms of employment under the influence of digitalisation processes and a protracted economic crisis. The purpose of the study is to consider the little-studied aspects of development of the new forms of employment in the conditions of the “fourth industrial revolution” and determine their prospects. The work shows that the spread of new forms of employment in the context of the formation of a new technological order indicates the digital transformation of the economy and at the same time acts as a response to the economic crisis caused by the obsolescence of the industries of the outgoing modes due to the gradual exhaustion of their efficiency, including impact of the recent COVID-19 pandemic. At the same time, the introduction of new elements of employment into the system of social and labor relations does not eliminate the previously existing conflicts of interests of their participants, but ensures a more dynamic development of the labor market and increases the adaptive potential of workers. Particular attention is paid to such forms of work organization as mobile work based on information and communication technologies, work on platforms and sharing of employees’ labor. The authors conduct a comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of these forms of employment based on employers’ and employees’ interests and points of view. Reserves of growth and restrictions on the development of new forms of employment have been identified. Attention is focused on the social and cultural consequences of increased flexibility and mobility of labor relations in the context of the development of new non-standard forms of employment. The results of the study can be used in developing areas for improvement of employment policy in the context of further deployment of digitalisation processes.

STANDARDS IN LABOR RELATIONS: SOME ASPECTS OF THEORETICAL AND LEGAL ANALYSIS

Legal regulation of non-standard forms of labor relations and the choice of an effective strategy to ensure the right to decent work is an important task both at the international and national levels. Understanding the fact that the share of pure labor relations that exist within the framework of specific standards is rapidly decreasing is the first step towards moving away from some of the axioms fixed, but outdated today in labor law. The article provides a theoretical and legal analysis of standards in the field of labor relations within the framework of an employment contract and the possibilities of their atypical manifestation in modern conditions. The authors also attempted to show that deviation from standards in the modern world is a normal phenomenon that only requires the development of new effective legal frameworks and social guarantees. Based on the theoretical studies carried out, the authors concluded that the standards in the implementation of labor relations within the framework of labor contracts can still be brought under the established characteristics and their atypical manifestation within the framework of an employment contract can be called non-standard, then in the framework of the implementation of new forms of employment, the term "non-standard forms" may not be applicable. The spread of new forms of employment, and organization of labor activity in modern conditions is so diverse and dynamic that an attempt to standardize and unify the criteria for employment as such is not advisable. The methodological base of the study was based on a structural analysis of the doctrinal developments of scientists, a systematic approach to the study of both theoretical and international normative practice.

Prophetic ministry in Poland. Spiritual encounters among Charismatics

The growth of prophetic ministry, which started in the 1980s, has resulted in numerous testimonies of great faith and hope. The emphasis put on signs and wonders, eagerly promoted by John Wimber and his adherents, has contributed to the rapid spread of new forms of worship. For decades, spiritual encounters — a desirable product in the religious marketplace, have also served as an easily recognizable trademark of both Pentecostals and Charismatics. The principal objective of the study is to investigate the nature of the prophecies shared among the selected Polish religious communities. For this particular reason, the main features of the Charismatic ritual language will be discussed, with special attention given to the question of God-Human intimacy. Furthermore, a reference will be made to the rise of the prophetic office within contemporary denominational and non-denominational churches. Finally, the content of the chosen prophecies will be thoroughly analyzed.

Non-standard forms of employment: world experience, problems and prospects

The purpose of the study is to study the world experience in determining non-standard forms of employment to identify new forms of employment in Kazakhstan. The article identifies the specifics, trends and patterns of development of the labor market of Kazakhstan; identifies the problems that exist in the labor market; developed recommendationsforthe regulation ofthe self-employed population.In many countries, the labor market is undergoing structural changes, and new forms of organization of labor activity and employment coexist with traditional forms of employment. New forms of employment first appeared in high-income countries, but have now spread to developing countries. New forms of employment are a reflection of the high development of the economy and, consequently, of the high incomes of citizens living in these countries. However, it is possible to identify the spread of new forms of employment in developing countries. The analysis of scientific publications on non-standard forms of employment allowed us to conclude that the issue of labor market flexibility is still debatable. In this regard, we will try to identify the key trajectories for the formation of new forms of employment in the country. For this purpose we have analyzed the forms of employment on the example of foreign countries, using the data of the International Labor Organization (ILO), Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Eurofund and the National Statistics Bureau of Kazakhstan. We also tried to demonstrate the growing need to define the role of freelancers in the domestic labor market, the application of new methods in the implementation of their activities through digital labor platforms. They outlined a number of conceptual and measurement problems, one of which is the work of freelancers through digital labor platforms.

La Riforma protestante tra istanze di rinnovamento e movimenti ereticali

SOMMARIO: 1. Premessa - 2. Reformatio in capite et membris - 3. La riforma gregoriana - 4. Rinnovamento monastico e nuove forme di religiosità - 5. Erasmo da Rotterdam e l’Umanesimo cristiano - 6. Ecclesia semper reformanda - 7. Gli antecedenti della Riforma - 8. I poveri di Lione - 9. Il movimento dei Lollardi - 10. La rivoluzione boema - 11. Le guerre hussite.
 The Protestant Reformation between requests for renewal and heretical movements
 ABSTRACT: The Protestant Reformation represents an epochal event as it is widely considered the true moment of transition from the Middle Ages to the modern age. Without wishing in the least to diminish the innovative significance of the aforementioned phenomenon, it is however necessary to point out how the Catholic Church, during the course of its history, has been crossed by a yearning for regeneration that has involved both the constitutional and the devotional aspects of its being. To this end, it is enough to recall the reforming work of Gregory VII, the Cluniac monastic rigor, the contribution of some regular Orders (mendicants), as well as the spread of new forms of religiosity, from the modern Devotio to the Christian humanism of Desiderio Erasmus of Rotterdam. Similarly, the originality of the Reformation did not prevent modern Protestant historiography from considering it the natural result of an evangelical pluralism already present in the twelfth century. The direct reference is to the doctrines of Pietro Valdo, John Wycliff and Jan Hus, and in particular to their ecclesiology which in various ways will be proposed by Martin Luther, with his own peculiarity, and without ever reducing himself to it.

Virus Pandemic, Dentistry and the Global Scientific Order

The world had changed. This opening dialogue was actually from the Oscar award winning movie, The Lord of the Rings Part 1. In reality, starting 2020 the same dialogue became the mouthpiece for the common man, kids, students, virologists, healthcare officials that includes doctors, nurses, and therapists, lawmakers, leaders across the globe. Yes, we are in 2021 but the scars of this pandemic left behind in the minds of each and every individual is yet to heal. There are nearly half dozen theories put forth in the last one year for possible origins of this deadly virus by various virologists and WHO [1] officials who recently visited the Wuhan city, in Hubei province of central China, from where the viral pandemic actually began. This is a basic fundamental truth, which no scientist can deny. But the fact of the matter is the open letter [2] signed by 26 scientists across the globe including one from my country, where the scientists had clearly mentioned the shortcomings encountered during their current investigation and had also explained the requirements still needed for fair, open, transparent probe. The investigators had no access to critical and sensitive information including the old initial positive patient samples of Wuhan virus. The reasons for these hurdles are quite obvious. WHO had scrapped plans of tabling interim report on the origins of this virus [3]. The single most mind throbbing question is whether this Pandemic was indeed an avoidable or at least preventable in the very early stages, from global spread if air travel could had been brought under tremendous restrictions across the globe, given the fact there was unrestricted, usual type of travel observed in early first quarter of 2020. The current global spread had been directly attributed to the lack of dissemination of evolving scientific information from local authorities of Wuhan city and from the top leadership of China at that point of time. At this point I am reminded of the information on pandemic systemic failure across the globe [4]. Another recent information I came across was, about a poll conducted across scientific community where they had indicated the current pandemic most likely to exist as an endemic [5]. Recently a study published in PLOS Biology journal explains the fact that after assessment of over a thousand genomic sequences of the COVID viruses, authors had clearly stated properties acquired by this virus have evolved in bats prior to spillover to humans [6]. Dentistry remains one of the worst hit field across the globe because of the droplet mode of spread of the virus which was acknowledged by WHO in first half of 2020 [7]. Nevertheless after evolving evidences on aseptic clinical practices and their role in dental practice coupled with patient selection criterias, currently the situation in dental treatment has changed from psychological fear to evidence based [8-16]. The world woke up after the rude shock of tsunami in 2004, and subsequently it led to the establishement of tsunami warning systems. Similarly, this current pandemic had shaken the globe and had brought about the need to have a global surveillance mechanism or a system to monitor the spread of new forms of viruses from any part of the world. All wet markets across the globe, animal farm houses, mountains harbouring bats should be under biotechnology driven scientific scrutiny. Hoping that to happen soon, it should become a reality. Please do remember that currently our earth is the only viable planet for human life, in our entire solar syatem and in our milky way galaxy. High time, to decontaminate various pollutants including this pandemic biothreat and for that to happen, world countries need to become really serious about their national health policies. This pandemic had indeed given a lesson for all of us to learn on management of Public health crisis [17]. Former WHO director general had also explained on four points for dealing with resolving of global health crisis [18]. Better late than never. Let us save our planet and the future generations.

STATE OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ON THE RIGHT TO RESISTANCE AS A FORM OF REALIZATION OF REAL DEMOCRACY

Under the current conditions of democracy in Ukraine, the issue of realization of real democracy, in particular the right to resist, has become extremely important. This scientific investigation is the author’s attempt to find out the state of research on the right to resist as a form of real democracy in Ukraine. This will help to identify theoretical gaps and fill them with a scientific understanding of the practice of implementing various forms of real democracy in order to further regulate and legitimize these forms. The formation and forms of real democracy are uneven in both legislative support and legal practice. Ukrainian researchers studied a retrospective of foreign and domestic research on real democracy.The rapid development of society, digitization, the emergence and spread of new forms of real democracy and opportunities for the realization of the right to resist require updating the theoretical basis and studying the results of modern research. The state of study of the research topic is characterized by relevance and polydisciplinarity, but the implementation of real democracy and the right to resist, as one of its forms, has not been considered by scientists in terms of their social purpose and reconciliation factor.The study of the specifics of the realization of the right to resist as a form of real democracy through its social purpose will establish a correlation between the legal culture of citizens and the prospects of democratization of society, where law can act as a channel of communication between the level of legal culture of the subject of real democracy and the process of realization of democracy

Information Technology in The Activities of Service Enterprises

The article discusses the process of informatization in the system of activity of service enterprises. The essence of the definition of informatization in the service sector is revealed. The article describes the experience of using an operating level system that supports management operations, monitors elementary actions of an organization such as sales, payments, cash deposits, payroll. The main goal of the system at this level is to answer common questions and conduct transaction flows through the organization. The article indicates that the reform of the methods of managing facilities in the service sector entailed not only a reorganization of the organization of the process of automation of managerial activities, but also the spread of new forms of implementation of this activity.

The Lived Nile: Environment, Disease, and Material Colonial Economy in Egypt by Jennifer L. Derr

Reviewed by: The Lived Nile: Environment, Disease, and Material Colonial Economy in Egypt by Jennifer L. Derr Nancy E. Gallagher Jennifer L. Derr. The Lived Nile: Environment, Disease, and Material Colonial Economy in Egypt. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2019. 255 pp. Ill. $26.00 (978-1-5036-0965-5). Jennifer Derr has written an innovative and well researched study that examines the medical history, human geography, and political economy of the Nile and its built environment. The book begins in 1902 with Nubian villagers anxiously awaiting the completion of a new dam that would submerge their homes and lands. The dam, which was raised twice in subsequent years, allowed for the vast expansion of year-round irrigated land that could produce three or more crops per year. With the now perennial Nile, landowners expanded cotton cultivation along with maize, sugarcane, beans, and vegetables. The hugely productive land greatly enriched Ottoman, British, and Egyptian landowning elites, while the farm laborers and the land itself suffered. The land lost its annual deposit of silt, its rinsing by floodwaters, and its drying and aeration that had long controlled parasites. The depleted soil required quantities of artificial fertilizer. A diet based on maize (corn) lacked basic nutrients and led to pellagra and general poor health. The shifting ecology led to the spread of malaria, hookworm, pellagra, and other diseases. Snails proliferated in moist soil and enabled the spread of new forms of schistosomiasis. Large numbers of people suffered from hepatitis C and liver diseases. Treatment programs for parasitic diseases might result in a cure, but cures were often followed by reinfection the following year. Hierarchical colonial relations limited the effectiveness of public health programs. British engineers designed and managed the dam with Egyptian engineers subordinate to them. Egyptian officials resented and feared British intentions [End Page 532] regarding new dams upriver in Sudan. Egyptian nationalists resented their dependent status and challenged hierarchies established during the British occupation, but authoritarian relationships were replicated after the Free Officers coup of 1952. The Free Officers proclaimed a vast land reform program but landowners divided their land among family members or found other ways to maintain their land holdings. Small landowners often lost their land to large landowners for lack of funds for investment or to carry them over when crops failed. In the 1960s, with the help of Russian engineers and funding, the Free Officers government built an enormous new dam, the Aswan High Dam, that ended the annual flood and enabled the conversion of all Egypt's cultivable land to perennial irrigation. Electricity generated by the dam powered Egypt's industries. Nubians now found their lands completely flooded and themselves unhappily relocated to other areas. The medical ecology again changed with new challenges and difficulties for technocrats and rural communities. The book is concise, well organized, and a pleasure to read. It will interest medical historians and geographers as well as specialists in Egyptian and African history. The illustrations are well selected, and the bibliography is useful. With a massive new dam rising on the Blue Nile in Ethiopia, the book could not be timelier. Nancy E. Gallagher University of California, Santa Barbara Copyright © 2020 Johns Hopkins University Press