Background. To date, the results of scientific research continue to discuss the long-term effect of regular sports in childhood on the prevention of bone quality loss in postmenopausal women, as well as the positive effect of a sufficient level of physical activity in the prevention of osteoporotic fractures in women older age. The purpose was to assess the effect of physical activity (PA) in childhood on the state of BT, physical capabilities of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and vertebral fractures. Materials and methods. As part of a single-stage study, 115 postmenopausal women aged 50–89 years were examined. For the analysis, the selected individuals were divided into groups: I (control) group— women without any history of osteoporotic fractures (n=84), II (main) group — patients with vertebral fractures at the level of the thoracic and lumbar spine (n = 31). With the help of the author’s questionnaire, the peculiarities of the PA of women were assessed at different age periods of life and at the time of the survey. Results. We did not find significant differences in the frequency and types of sports in childhood between the groups depending on vertebral fractures. Most of the women with vertebral fractures (85.7 %) maintained regular physical activity, sports in childhood up to 10 years (41.7 % in the control group, p = 0.04), moreover, in 57.1% of the surveyed, these activities lasted 1–4 years and did not differ from the indicator of the control group. The type, frequency and duration of FU training and PH procedures, as well as the level of physical activity, did not significantly differ in patients depending on the presence of vertebral fractures, but the group of women regularly exercising in sports sections was significantly higher among patients with vertebral fractures (41.9 %) compared with women without vertebral fractures (10.7 %, p = 0.0002). In addition, the part of women in the control group who regularly maintained a sufficient level of PA (6 or more hours a day) was significantly higher (14.3 %) compared with the corresponding result of the main group (3.2 %, p = 0.04). Conclusions. Women with vertebral body fractures are more likely to engage in PE in sports sections and have a lower level of total PA compared to patients without vertebral fractures. The regularity, duration of PE, and the age at which sports start in childhood may influence the risk of osteoporotic fractures of the vertebral bodies in postmenopausal women, which requires further study.