Sports Exercise Research Articles

Analysis on the Path and Countermeasures of China's Sports Development

China's sports industry has been criticized by the public all the time. From the perspective of the current sports industry structure, compared with developed countries, China's sports service industry accounts for a low proportion. The development of China's mass sports fitness and sports economic undertakings has not been favored by the public, and the current research on China's sports development prospects is limited. This paper uses the literature survey method and case analysis method to study the development prospect and direction of China's sports and find out the existing problems. The research found that the promotion of China's mass sports fitness cause still needs to be improved. The area of people's sports venues is small. The lack of competitive sports talents and the incomplete or defective competition system are also problems existing in China's national sports fitness. The most serious problem is the serious corruption of China's sports management. This paper, the Chinese national sports exercise and sports competitive career have developed, but the problem is the lack of physical exercise venues and the cause of sports talent, and this paper studies the Chinese basketball career can follow Europe to develop, and football career should continue to crack down on corruption, so as to flourish.

Binaural Beats and its Applications in Sports and Physical Exercise

The auditory illusion caused when two tones of similar frequencies are heard through stereo sound is called Binaural Beats and has been used in several areas, such as relaxation, attention and memory, mood regulation and more recently in the field of physical exercise. Thus, the aim of the study was to analyze the effects of Binaural Beats and its possible applications in sports and physical exercise. An integrative bibliographic review was carried out in the databases: PubMed, Scielo, Embase and SportDiscus. The descriptors used were Binaural Beats, OR Binaural Beating, OR Binaural Beat Therapy, OR Binaural auditory, OR Binaural frequency combined with Exercise, OR Physical activity, OR Sport. The search totaled 56 scientific studies (articles or abstracts) and four met the eligibility criteria being included and analyzed, showing that the use of Binaural Beats seems to contribute both to the improvement of performance and to recovery from exercise. However, it depends on the exposure time, frequency used and time of intervention.

Effect Of Aerobic, Anaerobic and Resistance Exercises on Oxidative Stress Status in Healthy Sport Practitioners

The main aim of this study is to assess the effect of three different types of exercises on lipid peroxidation in sports practitioners. The experimental approach was used to conduct the study. Sixty-six healthy male sport practitioners were participated in this study and divided into three experimental groups, each group consist of 22 subjects, the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd groups performed aerobic (AE), anaerobic exercises (AnE), and resistance exercises (RE). Before entering their experimental program, the three groups conducted the beep test for determining the VO2max for each participant, and then the blood and urine samples were taken from each participant. Thereafter, the three groups entered their specific training program for eight weeks 3 times/week. After ending the training programs, the three groups conducted the beep test again. All statistical data analyses were performed using SPSS version 25. For checking the differences between the pre- and post-test for all groups one-way ANOVA with Post Hok-Tukey was conducted. Comparisons between pre-test and post-test within one type of exercise were performed by the paired sample t-test. The effect of the three types of exercise programs for 8 weeks on lipid peroxidation biomarker (urinary MDA level) was varied. Interestingly, the 3 types of sport exercises were found to have a great effect on increasing serum antioxidants levels and decrease the levels of urinary MDA. Following the aerobic exercise, which was found to be significantly the more effective in decreasing the level of urinary MDA than anaerobic and resistance exercises. However, the resistance and aerobic exercises have a greater effect to generate the antioxidants defense than anaerobic exercise.

2020 ESC Guidelines on sports cardiology and exercise in patients with cardiovascular disease (resumos)

Summaries of: 1. Exercise and sports in ageing 2. Exercise recommendations in individuals with valvular heart disease (válvula aórtica bicúspide) 3. Exercise recommendations in individuals with cardiomyopathies, myocarditis, and pericarditis (ventrículo esquerdo não compactado)

CHARACTERISTICS OF GAME ACTIVITY ORGANIZATION AND ITS INFLUENCE ON SPEECH DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN WITH MODERATE MENTAL RETARDATION

This research aimed to explore the organizational features of play activities of children with moderate mental retardation and its impact on their speech development. The studies were conducted among 144 children with moderate mental retardation aged 7–18-year-old living in specialized orphanages and 40 educators.
 The research methodology was based on the combination of qualitative and quantitative methods including observation, conversation, interview, and validating scientific experiments for data collection. The use of selected data collection methods helped to observe the general activities of children and to obtain data on the specifics of their play activities both from children and the educators working with them.
 As a result of validating scientific experiments, patterns of play activities of children with moderate mental retardation, and their playing abilities were recorded, and the most frequently used games and their influence on the development of children were revealed. The regulation of the day, the time allotted for games during educational and speech development classes, the setting, and the reasons related to application features were also exposed. The results of the study stated, that in the list of games used during remedial and speech development activities in a specialized orphanage, such as verbal, staged, role-playing, speech therapy games and motion games were almost absent.
 In 5 out of 15 studied groups, 2-3 game exercises of speech therapy were used, about the same number of sports exercises and word games. It was also recorded that the tutor spent approximately 33% of the game time (1 hour) explaining each game, 17% on individual work, 28% on correcting mistakes and other corrective work, and on the game itself, it was used only 22% of the time which negatively affected the effectiveness of using games. It has been found that in insufficient conditions of the organization of game activities, the effectiveness of corrective educational work decreased, and the development of speech was delayed.

The effect of moderate and low-intensity aerobic exercise on lowering blood sugar

Problems and Purpose. The global prevalence of diabetes is on the rise, alongside other diseases related to obesity, including hypertension, heart disease and dyslipidemia. Exercise is recognized as a method to control blood sugar levels. This study aimed to investigate the impact of low and moderate-intensity sports exercises on blood sugar levels in patients. Materials and Methods. This research was a laboratory experiment following a completely randomized design. Twenty participants were enlisted for the study and divided into two groups: a control group and a moderate-intensity exercise group. The study spanned two months. Results. The results revealed a significant change in the blood sugar levels of patients who underwent low and moderate-intensity aerobic exercise with a p-value of 0.001. Conclusion. This research concludes that there are notable differences in the impact of low and moderate-intensity aerobic exercises on body mass index and blood sugar levels in diabetes patients.

Perovskite-based photodetector for real-time and quantitative monitoring of sports motion

Reliable monitoring the movement amplitude and dynamics during sports exercise is significant for improving training results and preventing training wound. Here, we present a printed perovskite-based photodetector for real-time and quantitative monitoring of sports motion. The ordered nucleation and growth of perovskite crystals are regulated by the 4-acetamidothiophenol (AMTP) at the interface, which promotes the size of perovskite crystals into the micrometer. Benefiting from the uniformity of the AMTP-regulated MAPbI3, the as-prepared photodetector gives great photocurrent response under indoor light or outdoor light. During the exercise, real-time monitoring sports motion is achieved through detecting the illumination changing of photodetectors attaching on the wrist and ankles. Moreover, twelve kinds of common sports can be quantitatively analyzed with the detection of illumination changing on the photodetector. Such photodetector provides an efficient measurement method of wearable electronics for sports monitoring.

The results of implementation of the methodology of teaching physical exercises by means of badminton to students of pedagogical profile with impaired health

Today, the problem of forming the physical culture and health competence of student youth, attracting them to a healthy lifestyle and active movement is important. The formation of sports skills and exercise training is an important area of student development, as it contributes to the improvement of their harmonious development, physical and mental health, and the adoption of a healthy lifestyl. The purpose of the work is to highlight the results of the implementation of the proposed methodology for teaching physical exercises by means of badminton to pedagogical students with poor health and to prove the effectiveness of the developed methodology. Main tasks: to experimentally test the effectiveness of the methodology of teaching physical exercises and development of physical qualities by means of badminton in the process of physical education of students with poor health. Research methods: pedagogical observations, pedagogical experiment, anthropometric measurements and methods of functional diagnostics to assess the morphofunctional state and motor capabilities of students in order to test the methodology for assessing the educational achievements of students with poor health in the process of badminton classes; methods of statistical data processing. Conclusions. Comparison of the results between the experimental and control groups proves a significant increase in the performance of students of the experimental group and the positive impact of the methodology of teaching physical exercises by means of badminton for students of pedagogical profile with poor health. Thanks to the implementation of the author's methodology, it was found that, according to existing journals, attendance and academic performance of pedagogical students with poor health improved, the number of diseases and the number of absences from physical education classes for disrespectful reasons decreased.

Pathological and structural study of cardiac striated muscle and quadriceps along with the study of microscopic changes in liver, kidney and lung tissue following short-term and long-term resistance exercises in male rats

Background. Resistance exercise is a method designed to increase muscle strength and endurance, leading to beneficial physiological changes in various tissues. The aim of this study is to investigate the pathological and structural effects of short-term and long-term resistance training on various tissues of male rats, including cardiac striatum, quadriceps, liver, kidney, and lung tissue. Methods. Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: one-month control, four-month control, one-month exercise, and four-month exercise. After the exercise period, the animals were anesthetized and dissected to separate various tissues, which were then treated with formalin and prepared for analysis. Results. The study findings showed that liver tissue did not show significant histopathological changes in response to exercise. However, in the heart tissue, mild hyperemia and hypertrophy of muscle cells were observed in the exercise groups compared to the control groups. In the quadriceps muscle, hypertrophy was observed to a lesser extent in the one-month exercise group and to a greater extent in the four-month exercise group. There was a significant difference in the diameter of the muscle cells of the quadriceps muscle between the one-month and four-month exercise groups, indicating the beneficial effects of long-term exercise. Additionally, an increase in the size of the epithelial tissue of the urinary tubes was observed in both exercise groups, which indicates an increase in kidney function due to exercise. Conclusion. Overall, the results of this study show that resistance exercise can lead to beneficial physiological changes in various tissues, especially with long-term exercise. Understanding these changes can increase our knowledge about the benefits of exercise. Practical Implications. Resistance exercises, through actions such as hyperemia, hypertrophy of muscle cells, and hypertrophy of the epithelial tissue of urinary tubes, improve the efficiency of the heart, kidneys and muscles during sports exercises, especially with long-term exercise.

A comparison of owner perceived and measured body condition, feeding and exercise in sport and pet dogs.

Dog obesity is a significant problem in the US and elsewhere. The purpose was to evaluate factors contributing to pet obesity in sport and pet dog owners. Owners were recruited over social media to answer a questionnaire regarding demographics, health, body condition, feeding, exercise and dog related expenses. Owners identified as pet or sport dog owners. We asked owners to measure the pelvic circumference and hock to stifle length in their dogs in order to calculate percent fat. Owners reported that their dogs were in "ideal" body condition. However, percent fat calculated from owner measurements was significantly different between groups (Sport: 16 ± 10%fat; Pet: 24 ± 10% fat; p < 0.05) and revealed that over 50% of the dogs were over fat. Owners reported feeding dogs a range of 413 to 1,133 Kilocalories (Kcal) per day that correlated well with dog size (R = 0.58; p < 0.05). The size of the treats fed was smaller in the Sport dogs (treat was pinky nail to thumbnail sized) than in Pet dogs (treat was bigger than thumb to larger than palm). Owners reported walking their dogs on leash every day for 15-45 min per session. Overall, owners did a poor job in identifying correct body condition of their dogs. This is concerning because 50% of the dogs were over fat. Better understanding of correct body condition and feeding for the level of physical activity is still a critical issue in controlling obesity in pet dogs.

‘Cos not everyone wants to talk, they prefer to do, to move’: circuits of trans embodied pleasure and inclusion in sport and physical exercise

ABSTRACT Participating in sport and physical exercise (SPE) can be challenging for transgender and non-binary people. Previous research has identified some of the barriers trans people face in schools, leisure spaces and competitive sports (e.g. gender segregation, gendered language, sports clothing, and transphobia), and the resultant poor rates of participating in everyday SPE compared to the cisgender population. Yet, despite the ways in which sport, the experience of being trans, and being trans in sport are often framed as intensely focused on the body, less attention has been paid to the embodied experience of trans people as they engage in SPE. This paper draws on selected data examples from a qualitative study examining trans adults’ experiences of engaging in everyday SPE and looks towards Wellard’s [(2012). Body-reflexive pleasures: Exploring bodily experiences within the context of sport and physical activity. Sport, Education and Society, 17(1), 21–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2011.607910] concept of circuits of body-reflexive pleasure, to explore how participants’ make sense of their embodied selves. Sitting at the intersection of social, physiological and psychological experiences of sport, we explore how circuits of body-reflexive pleasure (and displeasures) in SPE can induce feelings of gender dysphoria as well as feelings of pleasure and gender euphoria.

Transfer learning-based security protection framework for smart exercise monitoring

Sports exercise is very important for both physical and mental health, but improper exercise or equipment use may cause some security challenges. To address this issue, facing Internet of Things (IoT), currently, some video recognition algorithm-based smart security monitoring systems have been designed. However, existing video recognition algorithms usually assume that the data comes from the same collection device or follows the same distribution, resulting in ineffective handling of cross-camera or cross-device recognition problems. In this vein, this paper designed a transfer learning-based smart exercise monitoring security protection system, and proposed a new transfer learning-based video recognition framework, which consists of backbone network module, style transfer module, video feature aggregation module three parts and using this framework, two different models can be trained based on video face recognition dataset and video action recognition dataset, respectively, for identity recognition and action recognition. Experimental results show that the proposed framework can effectively handle video face recognition and video action recognition problems, which also demonstrates that our designed smart exercise monitoring security protection system can meet actual task requirements.

Effects of L-ascorbic acid (C6H8O6: Vit-C) on collagen amino acids: DFT study.

Vitamin C plays a very important role in the repair of connective tissue, especially for sports whose training causes the most damage to this tissue. Therefore, many people believe that L-ascorbic acid (C6H8O6: vitamin C) reduces the recovery time between sports exercises. The most abundant form of structural protein in the body is collagen. Collagen is characterized by a high concentration of the three amino acids glycine (Gly), proline (Pro), and hydroxyproline (Hyp), which creates its characteristic triple helix structure. Therefore, in this study, the effect of vitamin C presence on the sequence, interaction, and orientation of amino acids for collagen formation is investigated using computational simulation. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of action of vitamin C in terms of thermodynamics and structure of the reaction. The calculations are performed using density function theory (DFT) by the base set of B3LYP/6-311++G (p,d). The results show that the presence of vitamin C is effective in the formation of collagen protein for this interaction and the mechanism of amino acid sequence (Gly-Hyp-Pro) is better in the formation of collagen protein in the presence of vitamin C. The presence of Vit-C in the formation and direction of hydroxyproline (Hyp) causes its separation from the prolyl 5-hydroxylase enzyme. In the absence of vitamin C, the reaction stops at this stage and proline cannot be converted into hydroxyproline. The computational data shows vitamin C prevents unwanted interactions and directs amino acid reactions to repair connective tissue (collagen). Therefore, vitamin C acts as a cofactor in the Prolyl 5-Hydroxylase enzyme and causes it to convert proline to hydroxyl.

ChatGPT for Sample-Size Calculation in Sports Medicine and Exercise Sciences: A Cautionary Note.

To investigate the accuracy of ChatGPT (Chat generative pretrained transformer), a large language model, in calculating sample size for sport-sciences and sports-medicine research studies. We conducted an analysis on 4 published papers (ie,examples 1-4) encompassing various study designs and approaches for calculating sample size in 3 sport-science and -medicine journals, including 3 randomized controlled trials and 1 survey paper. We provided ChatGPT with all necessary data such as mean, percentage SD, normal deviates (Zα/2 and Z1-β), and study design. Prompting from 1 example has subsequently been reused to gain insights into the reproducibility of the ChatGPT response. ChatGPT correctly calculated the sample size for 1 randomized controlled trial but failed in the remaining 3 examples, including the incorrect identification of the formula in one example of a survey paper. After interaction with ChatGPT, the correct sample size was obtained for the survey paper. Intriguingly, when the prompt from Example 3 was reused, ChatGPT provided a completely different sample size than its initial response. While the use of artificial-intelligence tools holds great promise, it should be noted that it might lead to errors and inconsistencies in sample-size calculations even when the tool is fed with the necessary correct information. As artificial-intelligence technology continues to advance and learn from human feedback, there is hope for improvement in sample-size calculation and other research tasks. However, it is important for scientists to exercise caution in utilizing these tools. Future studies should assess more advanced/powerful versions of this tool (ie,ChatGPT4).

Effect of Eight Weeks of Sports Exercises in Water on Sleep Disturbance and Alexithymia of Inactive Veterans

Effect of Eight Weeks of Sports Exercises in Water on Sleep Disturbance and Alexithymia of Inactive Veterans

Аналіз швидкісних характеристик техніки удару знизу в голову правою рукою з фронтальної стійки у висококваліфікованих спортсменів, які спеціалізуються в рукопашному бою

Topicality. Taking into account the physical conditions for the implementation of the necessary motor task, which directly affect and impose requirements on the level of technical, physical, and theoretical preparation of the performer, in order to achieve the desired final result of the athlete’s mechanical actions, a deep understanding of the importance of the relationship between the chosen technical method of performing a sports exercise and the biomechanical parameters of the performer’s movement is required as factors of the effectiveness of the implementation of this method of action. Objective of the Study is analysis of the speed characteristics of a blow from below to the head with the right hand from the front stance in highly qualified athletes who specialize in hand-to-hand combat. 12 highly qualified athletes took part in the research. Among them were 7 masters of sports of Ukraine and 5 masters of sports of international class. The following Research Methods were used in the study: theoretical, pedagogical, mathematical. Results of the Research. We analyzed the average speed indicators in different phases of a blow from below to the head with the right hand from the frontal stance in highly qualified athletes. Indicators of average velocities of various points of the body in the phase of preparation for impact, the highest velocities are the left carpal joint 0,93 m•s-1, the left elbow 0,69 m•s-1 and the left shoulder joints 0,65 m•s-1 respectively. The average velocities of the points of the right leg: ankle, knee and hip joints are 0,6 m•s-1, 0,96 m•s-1 and 1,12 m•s-1, respectively. Analogous indicators of the average velocities of the points of the left leg are 0,06 m•s-1, 0,55 m•s-1 and 0,64 m•s-1, respectively. Conclusions. The outlined problem for a wide range of scientific knowledge on sports training is not new, however, it is especially relevant for hand-to-hand combat due to the specifics of the implementation of motor actions.

Prognostic value of mitral valve prolapse and mild mitral regurgitation in competitive athletes

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) and mild mitral regurgitation (MR) are ones of the most common structural changes of the heart and affect many young individuals, who aspire to partake in competitive sport or high intensity recreational exercise. These two conditions are associated with a different prognosis and possible omplications such as heart failure (HF), malignant arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Therefore it is essential to determine the risk factors predicting these complications and to define a follow-up algorithm. The objective is to present a literature review of consensus recommendations addressing criteria for eligibility and disqualification from organized competitive sports for the purpose of ensuring the health and safety of young athletes.

Model Development of Sports Centers Service Management in Wuhan City under Next Normal Condition

Background and Aim: This research on Developing the Next Normal Service Management Model of the Gymnasium at WuHan is qualitative research with the following objectives: To develop the next level of normal service management model of the gymnasium in Wuhan after the outbreak of COVID-19. Materials and Methods: The population size is about 25,000 people using a random sampling method. The sample is 394 people. The research tools are questionnaires and interviews. The quality of the tool was determined by content validity by 5 experts, the IOC was 0.8-1.00. Results: The Wushu Sports Center's main components of the model include: (1) Basic information about the sports service provided by the stadium. (2) Service demand for Wushu sports center by exercise after COVID-19 outbreak. (3) The satisfaction of sports exercise on the service of sports centers after the COVID-19 outbreak. Conclusion: The research findings were: (1) Problems, shortcomings, and service procedures of Wuhan stadium namely service quality issues and support facilities continue to improve. (2) Service process of Wuhan sports venues Service demand of sports organizations. Demand for sports guidance and physical monitoring. Demand for sports information consultation. (3) service model for Wuhan Sports Center after the COVID-19 epidemic. (4) confirm the service model of Wuhan Sports Center under the Next Normal situation.

Effect of Different Nutrients Intake on Anaerobic Exercise

This paper explores the influence of different nutrient intakes on anaerobic exercise, focusing on activities that require short bursts of intense effort and power. The impact of nutrition on anaerobic exercise performance is a significant area of interest for athletes and fitness enthusiasts. Understanding how different nutrient intakes affect anaerobic performance can help optimize training outcomes and overall athletic success. This paper comprehensively analyzes the effects of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals on anaerobic exercise performance. It provides evidence-based recommendations to enhance anaerobic performance, inform training strategies, and optimize nutrient intake for individuals engaged in high-intensity activities. Adequate carbohydrate intake supports high-intensity efforts, while protein intake aids muscle repair and growth. Healthy fat consumption provides supplemental energy during prolonged activities. Vitamins and minerals play crucial roles in energy metabolism and muscle function. Strategic nutrient intake before, during, and after anaerobic exercise can maximize performance potential and overall anaerobic capacity. Further research can explore personalized nutrient recommendations based on individual athlete profiles and specific anaerobic exercise goals. This paper's findings contribute valuable insights to the fields of sports nutrition and exercise science, assisting athletes, trainers, and coaches in optimizing dietary choices and enhancing anaerobic exercise performance.

Building a prediction model of college students’ sports behavior based on machine learning method: combining the characteristics of sports learning interest and sports autonomy

College students’ sports behavior is affected by many factors, and sports learning interest and sports autonomy support are potential psychological characteristic factors, which have important influence value on college students’ sports behavior. Machine learning methods are widely used to construct prediction models and show high efficiency. In order to understand the impact of sports learning interest and sports autonomy support on college students’ sports behavior (physical exercise level), the research decided to use the relevant methods of machine learning to build a prediction model, so as to find the internal relationship between them. This paper summarizes the relevant factors that affect college students’ sports behavior (physical exercise level) from two aspects, namely, sports autonomy and sports learning interest, and surveys the demographic and sociological information of college students as a supplement. The research evaluates the level of the prediction model through the construction of the prediction model of the machine learning algorithm and the comparison method, so as to determine the optimal prediction model. The results show that the prediction accuracy of the logistic regression model is 0.7288, the recall rate is 0.7590, and F1 is 0.7397; The prediction accuracy of KNN model is 0.6895, the recall rate is 0.7596, and F1 is 0.7096; The prediction accuracy of naive Bayesian model is 0.7166, the recall rate is 0.6703, and F1 is 0.6864; the prediction accuracy of LDA model is 0.7263, the recall rate is 0.7290, and F1 is 0.7265; The prediction accuracy of the support vector machine model is 0.6563, the recall rate is 0.7700, and F1 is 0.6845; The prediction accuracy of GBDT model is 0.6953, the recall rate is 0.7039, and the F1 score is 0.6989; The prediction accuracy of the decision tree model is 0.6872, the recall rate is 0.6507, and F1 is 0.6672. The logistic regression model performs best in the combination of sports learning interest and motor autonomy support, due to the combination of its linear classification characteristics, better adaptability, high computational efficiency, and better adaptability to feature selection and outlier processing. The conclusion points out that the prediction level of logistic regression model is the highest when combining sports learning interest and sports autonomy support to predict college students’ sports behavior (sports exercise grade), which also provides an important reference for improving college students’ sports behavior (sports exercise grade).