Sports Exchange Research Articles

Basque Pelota and Europeanization: The Actions and Representations of Actors Involved in Two Cross-Border Projects in a Euroregion

ABSTRACT This article investigates Europeanization from the perspective of actors involved in the organization of cross-border projects promoting an autochthonous sport. It studies two projects involving Basque pelota, a sport historically played on both sides of the France-Spain border. Both projects were launched by entrepreneurs, in the sociological sense, within the EGTC area of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine Euskadi Navarra Euroregion. The study identifies the characteristics of these local actors who have bet on their sport and on the cross-border concept. The intercultural experiences enabled by the projects and the increased frequency of consecutive sports exchanges have created a transactional space of Europeanization at the local scale desired by the EU but have not achieved the Europeanization expected from the Euroregion system. The transnational Basque dimension remains relevant, principally between France and Spain.

From immersion to inclusion, a learning experience

As part of their training, volunteer nursing students from the Gers healthcare training institute were invited to take part in a sports exchange with a handibasket team. The main aim of the project was to change their perceptions of disability. Here, four of the students share their experiences and the benefits of the experience.

Student Leadership Qualities through Academic Sports Diplomacy and Qualities

This research investigates the field of academic sports diplomacy, with a specific emphasis on the leadership abilities and levels of involvement exhibited by student-athletes. By conducting a thorough analysis, this study reveals valuable insights regarding the evaluation of leadership skills in student-athletes across different dimensions. These dimensions encompass modeling the way, encouraging the heart, enabling others to act, challenging the process, and inspiring a shared vision. Furthermore, this study investigates the level of involvement of student-athletes in academic sports diplomacy. This includes activities such as student-athlete exchanges, international sports competitions, cultural sports exchange programs, international sports projects, and cross-country competitions. The research emphasizes a positive relationship between leadership abilities and involvement in sports diplomacy initiatives, emphasizing the significance of leadership training in promoting active engagement. Furthermore, this study illuminates important challenges encountered by student-athletes, including limitations on time, gaps in awareness, the necessity for skill development, the juggling of competing priorities, the importance of cultural comprehension, and the significance of collaborative efforts. The results of this study provide valuable insights for the creation of strategies and programs that aim to empower student-athletes in their role as effective representatives of sports diplomacy. These initiatives seek to foster cultural connections and inspire positive global transformations.

Historical Overview of Inter-Korean Sports Exchange and Recommendations for the Future Development

Historical Overview of Inter-Korean Sports Exchange and Recommendations for the Future Development

中国冰雪运动发展对构建人类体育共同体的价值探讨

Under the guidance of Xi Jinping’s great theory of ‘a community with a shared future for mankind’, we formulate and implement the ‘Belt and Road’ sports development action plan, actively build various sports exchange platforms, encourage rich and diverse non-governmental sports exchanges, and enhance the international influence of Chinese sports. It can strengthen exchanges and cooperation with international sports organizations and expand my country’s influence and voice in international sports affairs. This article proposes the concept of building a human sports community, which aims to provide a good communication platform and concept between people and between countries. Its ultimate goal is to achieve peaceful development and common progress of all mankind.

Research on the International Sports Talent Training Model Serving China ASEAN Sports Exchange and Cooperation

Research on the International Sports Talent Training Model Serving China ASEAN Sports Exchange and Cooperation

한반도 평화 정착과 통일 실현을 위한 남북한 태권도 교류 방안

The main purpose of this study is to prepare a plan for inter-Korean Taekwondo exchange to establish peace and unification on the Korean Peninsula, which will be of practical help in promoting the government's North Korea policy and sports exchange. This study aims to review the importance of factors that were left out in the study of “A Study on the Taekwondo Exchange Revitalization Plans to Mitigate tensions between South and North Korea”. The factors to be reviewed are four factors each in the government and in the Taekwondo federation and private areas. Government areas include supporting for education and research on Taekwondo exchanges between the two Korea, signing an inter-Korean agreement separating politics and sports exchanges, promoting the creation of a second Taekwondo park in the Kaesong Industrial Complex, and providing Taekwondo supplies and equipment to North Korea on a humanitarian basis. In the federation and the private areas, four factors are to promote integration or merger of the World Taekwondo and the International Taekwondo Federation, to hold an annual seminars and conferences about inter-Korean Taekwondo or sports exchanges, to establish an international non-governmental organization (NGO) for inter-Korean sports exchanges and cooperation, and to support North Korean Taekwondo athletes for participation in Paris 2024 Olympics.

검도관광 활성화에 대한 탐색적 연구

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to suggest Kendo tourism’s vitalization at exploratory level, especially focusing on Korean Market. Kendo tourism is one of area sports tourism more specific, martial arts tourism, with more than 96% of the world Kendo population are in Korea and Japan, Moreover, sports exchange programs have been actively implemented between two countries. Methods: Setting forth further discussion, current situation of Kendo tourism in Kumamoto were reviewed. Literature reviews, including academic articles and industrial research papers, performed. Results: Total cessibility and connecting sports teamwork and on-board community. In order to promote tourism, infrastructure such as the hygiene problem of the Kendo equipments, bi-lingual tour guide s, understand of mutual cultures as well as tourist accommodation are prepared. It is also necessary to provide differentiated tourism products for Kendo tourism markets. For those who are tourists Kendo experience programs along with attraction tours are needed while Kendo experienced people and athletes will be provided field trip. In the former case, it is necessary to increase interest in Kendo by providing Kendo experience and tourism programs that can only be provided by the Kumamoto region and convert them into field trip tourists in the long term perspective. In the latter case, it is better to expand the existing Kendo exchange program and take the form of MICE & Incentive tour such as visiting the Kendo equipment exhibition and sales centers. Conclusion: The research is expected to extend the horizon of martial tourism in connecting with Kendo. Additional suggestions and limitations of research were included at the end of the paper.

지속가능한 남북체육교류·협력과 남북공동올림픽 유치를 위한 정책과제 제안

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to suggest policy tasks required for inter-Korean sports exchange·cooperation to ensure long-term sustainability.BR Method: To this end, this study applied the Delphi method and the following are the study findings.BR Results: First, in the ‘inter-Korean exchange·cooperation’ category, total of 13 tasks were finally derived and experts reached the highest consensus on ‘establishing long-term vision and legacy for inter-Korean sports exchange.’ In addition, the experts reached a high consensus on the tasks of ‘providing exchange measures for each event in consideration of the characteristics’ and ‘building national consensus for inter-Korean sports exchange·cooperation.’ Second, in the category of ‘preparing for co-host Olympics,’ a total of 4 tasks were finally derived. The consensus was highest on the task to ‘secure validity for budget support for each organization that aims to co-host Olympics,’ and the next highest consensus reached among the experts was ‘providing measures to attract global corporate sponsorship to secure the budget of the co-host Olympics.’ However, the experts could not reach a consensus on ‘establishing team identity to form a single inter-Korean team,’ so it was excluded from the final task.BR Conclusion: It is anticipated for the study findings to enhance the sustainability of inter-Korean sports exchange·cooperation and be used as the foundation for implementing the policies to attract and hold a successful co-host Olympics.

THE EUROPEAN SPORT MODELS MANAGEMENT IN THE EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES EUROPEAN UNION

The relevance of the European model modern sports management development in the European Union countries today is a factor in the competitiveness and sports survival in crisis and instability conditions. A document published by the Commission in 1998 highlighted that the traditional sport organization model in Europe had undergone major changes since the 1980s, leading to a gradual alignment of its high level with commercial interests and a reconceptualization around spectator sport. The goal of the European model formation in modern sports management should be the changes that will occur in the European Union countries, to promote the development of an atmosphere to competitiveness and self-realization of a person in the sports world. The European modern sports management model in the European Union countries combines all the sports management resources – administrative, economic, cultural, social, technological, which contribute to the model formation as a single integral sports development project. The purpose of the research is to investigate the theoretical and practical aspects of the European model in modern sports management in the European Union countries. Research objectives: 1) to reveal the pyramidal European sports structure; 2) determine the directions of European sports model formation; 3) justify the approaches and principles to the formation of the European sports model; 4) identify the priorities of the European sports model in modern society. Setting the goal led to the use of the following methods and techniques. The following methods are used to study the theoretical and practical aspects of the European modern sports management model in the European Union countries: 1) institutional – for the organization of institutes of the European dimension of sports and their organization at the level of the national state; 2) axiological – to measure the values of European sports and their transformation in sports organizations; 3) structural and functional – identifying the functions of sport organization leaders and their implementation for the transformation of the modern sport dimension; 4) behavioral – identifying the behavioral motives of sports managers and their relationships with subordinates to the organizing feedback purpose; 5) systemic – arrangement of separate sports organizations into a single entity that creates a system. It has been proven that “European sport” is a symbolic, political and scientific construction that gives practical results. European sports activity (through the sports movement), the harmonization work of European institutions, transnational sports exchanges, the circulation of European professional athletes and the sports media work created not only a community of European thought about sports, but also a certain vision of the European and its mental map territory. The practical significance of the study is that the European Union contributes to the European sports promotion, taking into account its specificity, structure, social and educational function.

Sports Diplomacy of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics in the New Era: Opportunities and Challenge

In 2005, former Foreign Minister Qian Qichen put forward and defined the concept of "sports diplomacy" in his Dictionary of World Diplomacy. "Sports diplomacy" is defined as "the foreign sports exchanges and exchanges conducted by a country's sports authorities or sports circles for the purpose of promoting relations between countries." It is reasonable to have different understanding and cognition to sports diplomacy. Due to different historical backgrounds, national rights and interests and international environments, China's diplomacy has different strategic aspirations and specific goals. Even if there are common interests, they differ in scope and emphasis. However, there are two common points: the target of foreign participants; For the purpose of fulfilling national interests. To sum up, sports diplomacy in the new era can be defined as the sum total of all external sports activities carried out by the participants through sports and sports culture exchanges with the participants for the purpose of realizing national political or diplomatic goals, promoting inter-state relations and safeguarding national interests.

남북한 스포츠교류가 대학생의 정부신뢰와 통일의식에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to grasp the effect of sports exchanges between North and South Korea on university students’ trust in government and their reunification consciousness and to provide policies for them.<BR> Method: After the sampling frame was created, a total of 720 samples were extracted using the random number table. Among the collected data, 642 data were used as the final analysis data except for the question marked with the missing value or double labeling. In order to obtain the validity of the measurement tools used in this study, exploratory factor analysis was performed, and Cronbach’s α value was extracted to ensure reliability. In this study, frequency analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were performed according to SPSS WIN 21.0 statistical program.<BR> Results: First, institutional apparatus and sustainable exchange for the effect of substantial exchanges linked to reunification were needed. Second, it was necessary to promote policies and programs that allow university students to participate in the program through the diffusion to the private sectors and local governments. Third, reunification education and information openness were very necessary. Fourth, there should be government preparation and willingness to act and active participation of private sectors. Fifth, the enhancement of the government’s administrative trust, and ability to act & cope with the situation was the key to enhancing the trust of the government.<BR> Conclusion: The rapid and diverse exchange and cooperation for reunification should lead to the establishment of institutional apparatus and practical implementation.

English language learning motivation of sports exchange students

One of the benefits from students exchange program is to learn a foreign language. In the Faculty of Sports Science, UNNES, most students going abroad all-around Southeast Asia which English is the medium of instruction between countries. Thus, the exchange program were likely helped to motivate them to learn English. However, limited studies have discussed the English learning motivation of students who have been studying abroad. This study aims to explain the students’ motivation to learn English after being exposed to the exchange experience. The study explains their motivation in two domains: intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. It is descriptive quantitative research with a set of questionnaires as the primary source of data supported by interviews as the secondary data. The subjects of this study are 37 students from 4 majors; sports science (12), public health (11), physical education (7), and coaching education (7) which consisted of 20 females and 17 males, under the Faculty of Sports Science, UNNES who experienced the exchange programs between 2018-2019. The study found that personal belief on the importance of English to upgrade self-capacity, followed by practical practice of independent study to upgrade English performance, are the intrinsic motivational factors embraced by the exchange students. Furthermore, the exchange students’ view of the importance of English for their future career and the positive opinion from their environment on the people who can speak English have extrinsically motivated them to learn English. Future study needs to involve bigger participants by comparing those exchange and non-exchange students and examine the role of motivation toward the student's learning performance.

한-소 스포츠 교류에 나타난 소비에트 한인 스포츠인들의 초국가적 정체성 연구-넬리 김과 유리 채를 중심으로-

This study investigated the progress and achievements of Korea-USSR sports exchanges until the dissolution of the USSR in 1991 after the Korean sports delegation first visited Moscow to participate in the Universiade in 1973 and found out the meaning in Korean sports history. In addition, it examined the role of Soviet Korean sportsmen and the emergence of transnational identity in this process. As a research method, a content analysis was used to analyze the articles of the monthly Physical Education published by the Korean Sports & Olympic Committee since 1966 as the main text and the daily newspapers’ articles as the subtext. Before the dissolution of the USSR, Korea-USSR sports exchanges showed different aspects before and after the 24th Seoul Olympics and were divided into three periods: Embryonic Period (1973~1984), Growth Period (1985~1988.8.), Mature Period (1988.9.~1991). The Korea-USSR Sports exchange was one of the representative success stories of sports diplomacy that played a leading role in the re-establishment of the Korean-Soviet diplomatic relations on September 30, 1990. In this process, Among the Soviet Korean sportsmen, Nellie Kim and Yuriy Tskhay contributed to the development of sports in Korea through the Koreanization of Soviet sports techniques and were able to experience the emergence of transnational identity by serving as a bridge between Korea-USSR sports exchanges.

The Cool Runnings Effect: Flexible Citizenship, the Global South, and Transcultural Republics at the Winter Olympic Games

As a pinnacle event in the global sporting calendar, the Summer Olympics have long been a site of flexible citizenship, whereby athletes sell their talents to the highest bidder. This trend in athlete labour migration has created transcultural national teams and threatened the legitimacy of the nation-state within the international sporting system. However, this trend has received little to no attention within the Winter Olympic context, in which the ‘athlete-mercenaries’ tend to flow from the Global North to represent nations in the Global South. This new transcultural representation has not yielded Olympic success, rather narratives of inclusion and participation. Although these Winter Olympic newcomers are considered ‘exotic oddities,’ they raise similar questions about nationhood and citizenship that their summertime counterparts do, albeit in the increasingly geopolitical context of the Global South. Flexible citizenship is an extension of the athlete migration trends that have become synonymous with globalization and economic liberalization and will remain a factor in international sport exchanges as long as the foundational unit of the system is the nation-state.

남북스포츠교류의 역사적 의미

남북스포츠교류의 역사적 의미

남북 청소년 스포츠 교류·협력 이행 실태 분석

남북 청소년 스포츠 교류·협력 이행 실태 분석

남북한 스포츠 교류 결정요인 연구 : 분석틀의 모색

남북한 스포츠 교류 결정요인 연구 : 분석틀의 모색

The Goal of Olympism : Peace on the Korean Peninsula through Olympic

The purpose of this study is to investigate based on an analysis of the impact of Olympic and sports exchanges between the South and the North, considers the elements that influence sports exchanges, including the formation of joint teams and joint participation. To this end, role of Olympic Games and impact of the Olympic movement, as well as the threat to peace on the Korean Peninsula was analysed. This study examined the potential contribution and impact a unified South and North Korean team in the future Olympic Games could have on the significant momentum for the peaceful unification movement of the Korean peninsula. This study has concluded that one unified team jointly representing South and North Korea could be actualized, based on the preponderance of evidence provided in this paper and through the sustained inter-Koreas sport exchange program and other sport-based cooperative project. Also the impetus and contribution of the unified team of the two Koreas would create a significant bond of solidarity for Koreans, South and North, that would play a substantial role in the movement to repair the damage caused by their mutual isolation and to reconcile and unify the two Koreas, and the actualization of that long-sought goal of unification would be one of the greatest human endeavors to secure world peace and prosperity for all global citizens.

Sport cooperation in divided Korea: an overstated role of sport diplomacy in South Korea

Sport, widely believed to have a positive utility in the diplomatic arena, has been adopted by the North and South Korean governments from the early 1960s onwards. However, sport exchanges on the divided peninsula functioned as a social agent only when political reconciliation and cooperation prevailed already. Thus, the aim of this article is to understand the relationship between sport and international relations with particular reference to the cases of Korea and Germany. It seeks to critically explore the role of sport as a diplomatic vehicle in inter-Korean relations from a historical and political context, while focusing on the integration theories. This article also uses the German case to highlight how sport has played a role in the process of German reunification. Then this paper argues that sport has not been a crucial factor in promoting either reconciliation or unification, and the utmost efforts to institutionalize sport exchanges are essential.