Sports Drinks Research Articles

Hydration and Performance in Young Triathletes During a Competition in Tropical Climate.

We examined fluid intake, the relation between body mass (BM) loss and performance, and core temperature in young triathletes during a competition in tropical climate. Fluid intake and pre and post BM were measured in 35 adolescent athletes, and core temperature was measured in one female and one male. Mean urine specific gravity (1.024 [0.007]) indicated that athletes were in suboptimal state of hydration upon waking. Race time was 73.2 (8.0)minutes. BM decreased by 0.6 (0.3)kg (P < .05). Fluid intake (528.5 [221.6]mL) replaced 47% of the fluid loss (1184.9 [256.4]mL) and was higher during run (11.5 [6.6]mL·min-1) compared to bike (7.3 [3.1]mL·min-1), P < .01. Loss in BM was ≥1.0% in 66% and ≥1.5% in 29% of the athletes. Males showed a moderate association between percentage loss in BM and finishing time (r = -.52), higher sweat rates (1.0 [0.3]L·h-1), and faster times (69.4 [7.5]min; P < .05). Core temperature rose to 40.1°C in the female and 39.6°C in the male. Young triathletes competing in a hot/humid climate became mildly to moderately dehydrated and hyperthermic even when water and sports drinks were available but did not show symptoms of heat illness.

Neonatal salt wasting syndrome: Aldosterone synthase deficiency caused by a new splicing variant in CYP11B2

Aldosterone synthase deficiency (ASD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder involving isolated aldosterone deficiency without any compromise of other adrenal hormones. This condition manifests mainly in the neonatal period and in infants as a salt wasting syndrome with vomiting and failure to thrive. Due to its potentially life-threatening effects, ASD requires a careful and early diagnosis based on appropriate hormonal investigations in order to initiate adequate management: rehydration as well as salt and fludrocortisone supplementation. Genetic analysis of the CYP11B2 gene will confirm ASD in most cases. We report the case of a newborn with a typical clinical presentation associated with some uncommon phenotypic features (hyperhidrosis, liver injury). Furthermore, our patient carries a new CYP11B2 splicing variant to be added to the approximately 60 pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants already reported.

Pattern of Consumption of Sports Supplements of Spanish Handball Players: Differences According to Gender and Competitive Level.

(1) Background: Given the physiological characteristics of handball, players may require the use of certain sports supplements (SS). However, very few studies have investigated the consumption of SS in handball. The aims were to determine the number of handball players who consume SS, to analyze their SS consumption pattern according to gender and competitive level, and to assess whether the SS they consume are supported by scientific evidence, and to which group they belong according to the classification of the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS). (2) Methods: A descriptive-correlational study was carried out on the habitual consumption of SS in 360 federated Spanish players by using a self-administered and validated questionnaire. (3) Results: These showed 65.8% of the sample consumed SS. According to the total number of participants, the most consumed supplements were from Group A: sports drinks (30.8%) and whey protein (30.4%). When analyzing the data by gender, the men's consumption was significantly higher for whey protein (p < 0.001), caffeine (p = 0.009), and creatine monohydrate (p < 0.001). When analyzed by competitive level, the provincial category players group showed a significantly lower consumption than the rest of the groups for protein bars (p = 0.038), whey protein (p = 0.005) and creatine monohydrate (p < 0.001), while the honor division group showed a significantly higher intake of creatine monohydrate than the remaining groups (p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: The handball players showed a moderate consumption of SS, without using substances that were not supported by scientific evidence and opting in most cases for supplements belonging to group A from the AIS classification. Men tended to consume more SS, and SS consumption increased based on competitive level.

3D-printed electrodes using graphite/carbon nitride/polylactic acid composite material: A greener platform for detection of amaranth dye in food samples

The production of sustainable materials with properties aimed at the additive manufacturing of electrochemical sensors has gained prestige in the scientific scenario. Here, a novel lab-made composite material using graphite (G) and carbon nitride (C3N4) embedded into polylactic acid (PLA) biopolymer is proposed to produce 3D-printed electrodes. PLA offers printability and mechanical stability in this composition, while G and C3N4 provide electrical properties and electrocatalytic sites, respectively. Characterizations by Raman and infrared spectroscopies and Energy Dispersive X-rays indicated that the G/C3N4/PLA composite was successfully obtained, while electron microscopy images revealed non-homogeneous rough surfaces. Better electrochemical properties were achieved when the G/C3N4/PLA proportion (35:5:60) was used. As a proof of concept, amaranth (AMR), a synthetic dye, was selected as an analyte, and a fast method using square wave voltammetry was developed. Utilizing the 3D-printed G/C3N4/PLA electrode, a more comprehensive linear range (0.2 to 4.2 μmol/L), a 5-fold increase in sensitivity (9.83 μmol−1 L μA), and better limits of detection (LOD = 0.06 μmol/L) and quantification (LOQ = 0.18 μmol/L) were achieved compared to the G/PLA electrode. Samples of jelly, popsicles, isotonic drinks, and food flavoring samples were analyzed, and similar results to those obtained by UV–vis spectrometry confirmed the method's reliability. Therefore, the described sensor is a simple, cost-effective alternative for assessing AMR in routine food analysis.

Personality Determinants Related to the Use of Selective and Effective Dietary Supplements by Elite Polish Team Sport Athletes.

The purpose of this research was to analyse relationships between personality traits and the use of selected dietary supplements among Polish athletes training in team sports. This subject matter has not been explored in prior research. This research was carried out among a group of 213 athletes (men) in the 18-36 age range, with the implementation of a proprietary validated questionnaire for the use of dietary supplements and the NEO-PI-R inventory (Neuroticism-Extraversion-Openness Personality Inventory-Revised). Statistical analyses were performed with the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests, assuming the following level of significance: α = 0.05. It was shown that athletes who periodically and regularly consumed isotonic drinks, as well as energy bars and gels, were characterised by a lower level of neuroticism than those who did not consume them. Athletes who periodically took multivitamin preparations were characterised by a lower level of extraversion and openness, and those periodically using multimineral preparations were characterised by a higher level of agreeableness than those who did not use these agents. Athletes not taking creatine were characterised by the lowest level of conscientiousness among the study participants. The use of protein nutrients, probiotics and caffeine was not associated with any personality traits in the athletes. Further relationships of the Big Five personality traits were demonstrated with the use of effective dietary supplements by athletes; the most unambiguous correlations were described for neuroticism and conscientiousness in such a way that the use of isotonic drinks, as well as energy bars and gels, was connected with a low level of neuroticism, while the use of creatine was connected with high conscientiousness.

High School Athletes’ Use and Knowledge of (Safe) Nutritional Supplement Use: An Exploratory Study

The use of nutritional supplements can lead to doping risk and no data exist on high school athletes’ use of certified third-party tested supplements. A cross-sectional cohort design was developed using an anonymous survey. Descriptive data for supplement use, use of third-party tested supplements, and knowledge in high school athletes were reported. A total of 225 high school athletes, ranging from 14-19 years of age, from a private high school in the western US, were included in the analysis of the results. A total of 94% (n=211) of athletes reported nutritional supplement use within the past year with an average of six (interquartile range: 3-9) individual supplements, ranging from 0-20 supplements per person. Most frequently reported were sports drinks (72%), vitamins (65%), sports bars (60%), protein powder (58%), caffeine (37%, as part of normal beverages, or 13% as a supplement), followed by creatine (23%). A total of 24% claimed to know for sure that all their supplements were third-party tested. In addition, the recognition of third-party testing organization icons was low (46% in supplement users vs. 14% in nonusers). Athletes also scored low in reporting how to find (22%) and how to order (25%) third-party tested supplements. In conclusion, almost all athletes in this study reported the use of multiple nutritional supplements annually. Only one-fourth of the athletes reported consistently using third-party tested supplements. Knowledge of where and how tested supplements could be purchased was limited in this high school athlete population.

Enhanced electrochemical performance of Sr doped ZnO for tartrazine detection in sports drink

Enhanced electrochemical performance of Sr doped ZnO for tartrazine detection in sports drink

Study on changes in Haemato-biochemical parameters of pica affected camels with Mineral mixture and salt supplementation

Study on changes in Haemato-biochemical parameters of pica affected camels with Mineral mixture and salt supplementation

Bebida deportiva isotónica a base de jugo de piña: Estabilidad durante su almacenamiento acelerado

It was evaluated the behavior, during accelerated storage, of the quality indicators of an isotonic sport drink made from the mixture of pineapple juice, distilled water, sucrose and NaCl. The drink was packed in amber glass bottles was pasteurized at 80 °C for 5 min in a water bath. The drink was stored at 45, 50 and 55 °C with the aim of achieving accelerated deterioration. The drink presented a total sugar content of 7.6%, osmolality of 328 mOsm/kg and sensory acceptance corresponding to the category -I like it slightly-. At the end of storage at each temperature, there was a decrease in brightness and an increase in the values of a* and b*, related to the increase (p ≤ 0.05) of the browning index (IP) and the moment of sensory rejection, due to a notable loss of pineapple color. The behaviors of the IP at each temperature were adjusted to polynomial models of order five with high coefficients of determination (&gt; 0.98). This study provides useful information for the optimization of beverage production, quality control and spoilage prediction, which could contribute to the development of new products and satisfy consumer needs.

Supplementation strategies for ewes during gestation and lactation.

Concentrated supplementation of ewes is a strategy to increase productivity. The objective was to evaluate the effects of supplementation in the diet of ewes before, during and in the final third of pregnancy and lactation on, the performance and production and composition of colostrum and milk. Forty animals were distributed in a completely randomized design, into the following treatments: CONT = control treatment with mineral salt supplementation only, SSREPRO = supplementation started 20 days before the estrus synchronization (ES) protocol, SSPREG = suplementação a partir da confirmação da gestação (60 days after ES), and SEPREG = supplementation in the third end of pregnancy (90 days after ES). Supplementation adoption changed (P < 0.05) the intake of organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, the percentage of total digestible nutrients, and digestibility of dry matter, acid detergent fiber, non-fiber carbohydrates, and ether extract with their respective intake, in addition to colostrum and milk production and composition and animal performance. No difference (P > 0.05) was observed for organic matter, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber digestibility and total digestible nutrient intake. Thus, supplementation in the final third of pregnancy may result in heavier lambs at weaning, reduction in slaughter time.

Sportélelmiszerek

Sports foods are designed for athletes to improve performance, endurance, recovery and overall health. They are available in various forms such as protein powders, bars, energy gels, isotonic drinks, concentrates, vitamins, and minerals, with their composition and impact varying depending on the sport, personal needs and goals of the individual athlete, and time of consumption. These products are not officially recognised despite their potential benefits. The definition of sports food is not specified in EU legislation. While this does not preclude such products from proliferating, agreeing on how to define this would be helpful. The beneficial impact of sport, particularly elite sport, on the health of generations is indisputable. When it comes to recreational sports, the competitive spirit exists just as much. However, is it possible to achieve outstanding sports performance by only following general nutritional recommendations and using common foods? The author argues that this is not possible, and the purpose of this summary is to emphasise this point. This article briefly describes the common ingredients of sports foods and the general steps in their production. It also outlines some of the major future scenarios that could shape the challenges and opportunities for this industry in the coming decades.

Effect of Time Fermentation on The Microbiological Properties of Coconut Water Kefir

&lt;p class="Keywords"&gt;Coconut water is one of the popular drinks in tropical countries, it has been used widely as an isotonic drink, nutrient-rich, and has other beneficial functions. Many advantages of coconut water also make this product explored by many researchers as a synbiotic or even probiotic drink. This research investigates the impact of time fermentation on the microbiological properties of coconut water kefir. The study employs various time intervals during the fermentation process to explore changes in mesophilic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and total yeast and mold. By analyzing the microbiota present at different fermentation times (6, 12, 18, 24, and 48 hours), this research aims to elucidate how time affects the number of beneficial potential probiotic strains, such as lactic acid bacteria and yeast. The findings of this study showed that 24 hours of fermentation time gave the highest number of lactic acid bacteria (7.23 Log CFU/mL), the highest number of mesophilic bacteria (7.52 Log CFU/mL), and total yeast and mold (7.14 Log CFU/mL). Additionally, the inhibitory effects of coconut water kefir on two different kinds of pathogenic bacteria were examined using well diffusion, even though there was no inhibition zone. In conclusion, 24 hours is the best fermentation time to produce coconut water kefir which showed the highest increase of lactic acid bacteria, mesophilic bacteria, and total yeast and mold.&lt;/p&gt;

Penentu Utama Keputusan Pembelian: Evaluasi Kualitas Produk dan Daya Tarik Visual Kemasan Minuman

In an increasingly competitive business, companies must be able to understand what factors will influence the decision to buy. This study intends to analyze the role of packaging quality and design on the decision to buy Fatigon Hydro isotonic drinks among 100 respondents in Surabaya City. The study involved purposive sampling method to select respondents who have sufficient experience and understanding of Fatigon Hydro isotonic drink products. The study utilized quantitative methods. Statistical analysis, including regression, was used to evaluate the influence between product quality and design on packaging with the decision to purchase. The results showed that the design on the packaging contributed positively to the decision-making. In addition, consumers tend to give high value to products that are considered good quality or in accordance with consumer desires.

Increasing long-chain n-3 fatty acids in beef from forage-finished cattle through supplementation with the calcium salts of fish oil

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of dietary fish oil Ca salts supplementation on the muscle deposition of fatty acids, with the major focus on eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) in beef cattle. For Experiment 1, thirty-eight grazing LowLine Angus steers were divided into three groups and supplemented either control, fish oil (FO)- or palm oil (PO)-based fatty acid Ca salts, supplemented individually in dry form. In Experiment 2, 14 Angus heifers and 14 Angus steers were fed free-choice harvested forage and supplemented either PO or FO Ca salts, delivered as a suspension within dried molasses lick tubs. Growth performances, sensory characteristics and the concentrations of EPA and DHA of the M. Longissimus thoracis (LT) were evaluated. M. Longissimus thoracis fatty acid concentrations of EPA and DHA were greater (P&lt;0.001) for cattle fed FO; whereas C18:2 n-6 and the ratio of n-6 to n-3 were greater (P&lt;0.001) for cattle fed PO in both experiments. Sensory evaluation of LT steaks obtained from the carcasses of the LowLine steers of Experiment 1 did not reveal any adverse effects of the FO supplementation (P≥0.2695). We conclude that supplementing FO Ca-salts to forage-fed beef cattle increases muscle deposition of EPA and DHA, with no adverse effects on flavor. Supplementing fish oil to beef cattle is a way to meet the omega fatty acid requirements of humans.

Analysis of Sports Supplement Consumption in 1688 Federated Road Cyclists.

The widespread use of sports supplements (SS) to enhance athletic performance extends to cyclists, although little research has been conducted on this subject within this sport. This descriptive and cross-sectional study involved 1688 federated road cyclists, aiming to analyse the pattern of SS consumption concerning the degree of scientific evidence and different categories. This study categorised SS based on the groups and subgroups established by the Australian Sport Institute (AIS, 2023) based on the level of evidence. Our results showed that 62.5% of the sample cyclists used SS, with an average of 12.2 ± 8.6 supplements consumed per participant. Health status (78.2%), pharmacies (62.5%), and medical doctors (45.7%) were the main reasons, purchase sites, and sources of information for SS consumption, respectively. The most prevalent SS consumed were Sports Gels (94%), Sports Bars (89.3%), and Sports Drinks (73.8%). Notably, 80% of the top ten most consumed SS belonged to the group with the highest level of evidence according to the AIS, with an average of 6.9 ± 3.2 supplements per participant. However, 23.3% of the total SS consumers used prohibited substances. In conclusion, while the prevalence of SS consumption among road cyclists is considerable and the primary sources for purchasing SS and obtaining advice are reliable, there is a notable prevalence of prohibited substance use within the sample.

Impact of Pocari and Mineral drinks on pulse rate after running 1200 meters with a 5-minute rest interval

Background and Study Aim. Electrolyte drinks are ion replacement drinks in the body that also help as additional energy. Moreover, it is said that this drink is not a drug because it has not been clinically tested so that it is included in the list and also complementary drinks have benefits and side effects for its users, of course, supplement drinks that isotonic drinks affect dehydration and isotonic drinks can normalize body fluids that have been lost during exercise. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in the usefulness of Pocari and Mineral for fluids in the body after prolonged exercise.Material and Methods. This research is an experimental method. The population in this study were Tanjungpura University Sports Students Semester 5 with a total of 18 people divided into 2 groups so each group contained 9 people. In this study, the sample was given physical activity treatment through running 1200 meters. Furthermore, Pcoari and Mineral drinks were given to see the effect on pulse rate. Data analysis was assisted using SPSS 26.Results. The results show a significance value of 0.173 &gt; 0.05 so it can be concluded that the data results of pocari water and mineral water do not experience significant differences. These results provide information that provides the same impact on pulse rate after physical activity. However, the mean value results show that mineral water (162.56) is smaller than pocari drinks (175.00).Conclusions. This result has important implications, especially for athletes or individuals engaged in similar sports activities. Consumption of mineral-containing isotonic drinks may be an effective strategy in supporting the body's recovery after physical exercise, thereby improving overall sports performance.

Compositional Aspects of Beverages Designed to Promote Hydration Before, During, and After Exercise: Concepts Revisited.

Hypohydration can impair aerobic performance and deteriorate cognitive function during exercise. To minimize hypohydration, athletes are recommended to commence exercise at least euhydrated, ingest fluids containing sodium during long-duration and/or high-intensity exercise to prevent body mass loss over 2% and maintain elevated plasma osmolality, and rapidly restore and retain fluid and electrolyte homeostasis before a second exercise session. To achieve these goals, the compositions of the fluids consumed are key; however, it remains unclear what can be considered an optimal formulation for a hydration beverage in different settings. While carbohydrate-electrolyte solutions such as sports drinks have been extensively explored as a source of carbohydrates to meet fuel demands during intense and long-duration exercise, these formulas might not be ideal in situations where fluid and electrolyte balance is impaired, such as practicing exercise in the heat. Alternately, hypotonic compositions consisting of moderate to high levels of electrolytes (i.e., ≥45 mmol/L), mainly sodium, combined with low amounts of carbohydrates (i.e., <6%) might be useful to accelerate intestinal water absorption, maintain plasma volume and osmolality during exercise, and improve fluid retention during recovery. Future studies should compare hypotonic formulas and sports drinks in different exercise settings, evaluating different levels of sodium and/or other electrolytes, blends of carbohydrates, and novel ingredients for addressing hydration and rehydration before, during, and after exercise.

A systematic review on oral rehydration beverages for treating exerciseassociated dehydrationPart II. The effectiveness of alternatives to carbohydrate-electrolyte drinks.

Dehydration associated with exertion is a commonly encountered condition in the first aid setting, particularly at outdoor sporting events. Part I of this back-to-back review demonstrated that commercial sports drinks can be suggested for effective restoration of fluid balance in dehydrated persons. This systematic review was undertaken to compare alternative liquids, such as milk, beer, and coconut water, with water for effective oral rehydration after prolonged exercise. Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Embase were searched for relevant literature in June 2022. Controlled experimental and observational studies involving adults and children were included when dehydration was induced by physical exercise and oral rehydration fluids were administered and compared with regular water. No additional food intake accompanied the rehydration drinks or water. Articles in all languages were included if an English abstract was available. The study design, study population, intervention, outcome measures, and study limitations were extracted from each included article. Out of 3485 records, 11 studies were included comparing skim or low-fat milk, coconut water, and beer (0-5% alcohol) with water. Four studies showed that drinking skim or low-fat milk, without additional food intake, led to a statistically significant improved volume/hydration status when compared with drinking water. In three trials, no significant differences were shown at multiple timepoints for outcomes related to volume and hydration status following rehydration with fresh coconut water compared with water. Lastly, there is insufficient evidence to recommend beer for rehydration (0-5% alcohol). Consuming skim or low-fat cow's milk without additional food as compared with water appears to improve volume/hydration status in persons with exercise-induced dehydration. However, evidence is of very low certainty and should be interpreted with caution.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN MINUMAN ISOTONIK TERHADAP HASIL PEMERIKSAAN KADAR BUN &amp; KREATININ PADA MENCIT (MUS MUSCULUS)

Metabolism in the body is influenced by electrolytes. If the electrolyte concentration is abnormal, health problems will occur. Drinks that contain electrolytes are known as isotonic drinks. The kidneys are organs that play a role in body balance, such as controlling body fluids and maintaining the balance between acidic and alkaline compounds. It is important to check BUN and creatinine to determine kidney function. The aim of the research was to analyze the effect of giving isotonic drinks on the results of BUN and creatinine examinations in mice. This type of research is experimental which uses serum from test animals in the form of mice (Mus musculus). The test animals were divided into 5 groups and each group was treated for 14 days. Then after 14 days the test animals were sampled to check BUN and creatinine levels to determine the effect of giving isotonic drinks. All data is processed statistically using SPSS. The results of the ANOVA test obtained a Sig value. 0.878 on BUN levels and Sig values. 0.265 in creatinine levels. Conclusion: With the H0 criteria rejected if the significant value is 0.05 then H0 is accepted which can state that giving isotonic drinks with volumes of 0.5 ml, 0.8 ml and 1 ml has no effect on the results of checking BUN and creatinine levels.

Effect of selenium and zinc biofortification on the biochemical parameters of Pleurotus spp. under submerged and solid-state fermentation

BackgroundPleurotus has a remarkable nutritional and nutraceutical profile due to mineral mobilization and accumulation abilities from the substrate. The present study aimed to observe the effect of single and dual supplementations Se and Zn on biochemical parameters of P. florida, P. sajor caju and P. djamor. Also, the bioaccumulation of the trace elements in fortified mushrooms was estimated. MethodsBiomass production and radial growth rate were observed on Se and Zn supplemented broth and agar based medium. Furthermore, the influence of Se and Zn supplementation was recorded on the fruit body yield. The colorimetric assays were employed to estimate total soluble protein, total phenol and total flavonoid contents. The antioxidant activity was assayed as DPPH radical scavenging test. While, ICP-AES was performed to estimate the variation in the Zn and Se content of the fruit bodies. ResultsThe Se supplementation at low rate resulted in improvement in the radial growth rate and biomass production for P. sajor caju. For solid-state fermentation, a better yield was obtained with inorganic salt supplementation in comparison to organically enriched Se straw. The maximum total soluble protein content and total flavonoid content were observed in fruit bodies of P. sajor caju at 4 mg L -1 of Se and Se-Zn respectively. Pleurotus djamor exhibited the highest total phenolic content on Zn supplementation (10 mg L-1). Improved antioxidant potential was recorded with dual supplementations. Salt supplementations caused shrinkage, distortion of the fungal hyphae, and decreased basidiospores with significant amelioration in elemental composition in fortified mushrooms. ConclusionThe inorganic salt supplementation increased the biochemical potential of Pleurotus spp. in comparison to organically enriched substrate which could further be used for the development of dietary supplements.