Sports Associations Research Articles

Prowadzenie samorządowych szkół sportowych i szkół mistrzostwa sportowego w warunkach współdziałania

The article deals with the specificity of managing sports schools and sports championship schools. This is a local government educational task, which aims to meet the needs of children and young people talented in sports and enable them to develop and compete in national and international competitions. Managing of these schools requires a lot of investment and having a rich sports infrastructure. Leading local government units, very often use forms of cooperation with various entities. Cooperation in the realization of these tasks is compulsory (e.g. with sports associations) and voluntary with many entities, e.g. other local government units, legal and natural persons.

PROBLEMS OF SETTLING LEGAL RELATIONS IN THE FIELD OF PROFESSIONAL SPORTS DURING THE PANDEMIC

The article is devoted to the specifics of civil law regulation of public relations in the field of professional sports in the quarantine period. It is determined that the main areas of research in the field of legal regulation of professional sports relations during the pandemic are the specifics of contractual and non-contractual obligations by clubs and leagues in conditions of financial instability and the influence of external factors on competitions; the consequences of athletes' refusal to perform contact obligations due to the risk of infection; the effect of contractual obligations over time due to changes in the structure of the sports season; the possibility of considering a pandemic by force majeure and the corresponding consequences of such equating; compensation to clubs and leagues for the imposition of restrictions that lead to significant financial losses. It is proved that in game sports it is possible to use civil law agreements to regulate relations with the participation of professional athletes. Thus, it is substantiated that the peculiarities of the extension, performance or termination of such agreements are the subject of legal regulation of civil law. The expediency of extending the professional contracts of players until the end of the season in accordance with international norms has been proved, as this approach corresponds to the original intentions of the parties at the time of signing the contract, as well as preserves sports honesty and stability. The lack of absolute status of force majeure in relation to the situation with a pandemic and quarantine restrictions in the context of professional sports contracts has been determined. It is determined that the issue of fulfillment of contractual obligations to the owners of season tickets, prepaid tickets for sports competitions should be regulated by sports associations in cooperation with the executive authorities, whose powers include regulation and control over the organization of sports competitions. It has been proven that the issues of fulfillment of contractual obligations in the field of professional sports during the pandemic are not sufficiently regulated by the current legislation, and the settlement of disputes arising in this area is entrusted to international sports bodies. Legal regulation of these relations is under the jurisdiction of international sports federations, national associations and is based on the provisions of existing agreements (both individual and collective).

ISCA (International Sport and Culture Association)

ISCA (International Sport and Culture Association)

ISCA (International Sport and Culture Association)

ISCA (International Sport and Culture Association)

ISCA (International Sport and Culture Association)

ISCA (International Sport and Culture Association)

Research of the activities of the Khabarovsk regional park named after N.N. Muravyov-Amursky for the provision of services to the population in the field of culture and leisure

The article analyzes the activities of cultural institutions to provide the population with services in the field of culture and leisure on the example of the regional state budgetary institution of culture Khabarovsk Regional Park named after N.N. Muravyov-Amursky for the period 2018-2020. As a result of the study, the following problems of cultural institutions were identified: inconsistency with modern standards, information and cultural needs of the population of the material and technical base of cultural institutions; insufficient financing of this area and underdeveloped mechanisms for raising funds; personnel problems; low prestige of the professions of the institutions in question; slow introduction of information and communication technologies; carrying out a relatively small number of sports and recreational activities of their total. Based on the analysis, some directions for improving their activities are proposed, namely, the development of concepts of cultural institutions focused on modern conditions with the involvement of popular information and communication technologies, updating approaches to the model of the profession of an employee of a cultural institution, updating the content of activities, possibly with the development of a comprehensive sports and health program designed for various groups of the population, including for persons with disabilities, with involvement of sports unions and associations.

ISCA (International Sport and Culture Association)

ISCA (International Sport and Culture Association)

Infrastruktura sportowa dla potrzeb piłki nożnej w Częstochowie w okresie międzywojennym

The article presents the sports infrastructure for football in Częstochowa in the interwar years. The article was written mainly on the basis of archival and press sources. The conducted research shows that in Częstochowa in the interwar period, several sports facilities adapted to playing foot-ball were built. Both the quantity and quality, compared to the national scale, was insufficient. Investors in sports infrastructure were municipal governments, the army andstate authorities. Sports clubs and associations also tried to create sports facilities. In Częstochowa, the first munic-ipal soccer field was opened in 1923 in the ‘Zawodzie’district. A representative sports facility of regional importance was put into operation in the early 1930s. The “Ogniska Obrony Niepod-ległości” Stadium named after Marshal Józef Piłsudski was considered to be one of the leading ones in the ‘Kielce’Province. However, it could not compete with the best facilities in Poland in terms of infrastructure. A national and international stadium could be a facility that was to be built atOlsztyńska street. Despite the commenced works, the investment was not completed due to lack of money and the outbreak of World War II. In the years 1918-1939, several pitches for the football discipline were built. Local sports clubs were mostly responsible for them.

Sport żydowski na Wołyniu w latach 1921–1939

The Jewish population in Volhynia constituted 9.9% of the province’s total population (205,500 as of 1931). Jews were the largest national group living in cities, about 48.6%. Jewish urban population constituted 13% of the total population and were very active in sports activities. They attended instructor courses in various sports areas and actively created regional branches of sports associations in Volhynia. The most popular sports among the Jewish population were football, boxing, cycling, athletics and skiing. Jewish athletes successfully competed in different sports events in the provincial, national and international arenas. Football players of the Hasmonea Równe club won the title of the best football team in the province of Volhynia three times. After winning the Volhynia Regional Football Association football team, the Hasmonea Równe junior football team participated in the Polish Championships for junior teams. Jewish footballers from the province of Volhynia participated in the matches of the representations of the cities, the word of Province Volhynia, and the national sports competitions of the Polish Makkabi teams. Representatives of other sports disciplines such as boxing, cycling and skiing also successfully competed at the regional (provincial) level.

The Theoretical System Construction of the Supply Side Structural Reform of the National Individual Sports Association in the New Era

The Theoretical System Construction of the Supply Side Structural Reform of the National Individual Sports Association in the New Era

Wkład środowiska warszawskiego w rozwój narciarstwa w Polsce w okresie międzywojennym

The aim of the study is to present the development of skiing within institutions and associations established in Warsaw in the interwar period. In particular, it refers to organisations whose primary objective was to popularise skiing among their members by organising ski and ski instructor courses and staging sports competitions in Nordic and alpine skiing. The considerable popularity of skiing evidence the fact that there were 38 skiing sections active in Warsaw at that time. These sports clubs promoted lowland skiing, organised ski trips and courses in the Polish Carpathians. The popularity of sports competitions increased gradually. In the season 1929/1930, there were 9 skiing sections in Warsaw associated with PZN (Polish Ski Federation) and in the season 1937/1938 there were already 29. In the interwar period, Warsaw became the city with the biggest number of sports associations affiliated to PZN, despite the lack of mountains. As a subject of this research, Warsaw ski clubs were selected, whose activities significantly contributed to the popularization of skiing among citizens of Warsaw, and CIWF-AWF (Central Institute of Physical Education – University of Physical Education), which statutory aims covered the education of PE teachers the development of tourism and Polish sports in the whole country. Resources found in the Warsaw archives, analysis of the Warsaw press of the period, printed diaries, memoirs and studies on skiing were utilized for this research.

Mortality of Japanese Olympic athletes in 1964 Tokyo Olympic Games

ObjectivesTo compare the mortality of Japanese athletes in the 1964 Tokyo Olympic Games with that of the Japanese population, and to elucidate factors associated with their mortality.MethodsWe obtained from the...

ASSOCIAZIONI SPORTIVE DILETTANTISTICHE (ASD) E PROTEZIONE DEI DATI PERSONALI NEGLI ORIENTAMENTI DEL GARANTE

This essay, through the lens of case law concerning the rulings of the Italian Supervisor Authority, analyses the main legal issues relating to the compliance with data protection law by Amateur Sports Associations (ASA). Then it highlights the importance of both expert knowledge of practices, also through the study of case law in this area, and the identification of figures within the association, adequately trained in this specific area of the legal system.

Sports in the Province of Volhynia as Presented in the “Ziemia Wołyńska” Magazine (1928-1932)

The purpose of this paper is to present sports in the province of Volhynia as presented in the “Ziemia Wołyńska” [The Land of Volhynia] magazine. The magazine, published in the years 1928-1932 dealt with the economic, social, cultural and educational issues of the province of Volhynia. The magazine also published articles, materials and reports on sports in Volhynia. The published articles dealt with conditions of sports activities. In this regard, the training of sports instructors was organized, as well as the condition of the sports infrastructure was improved. An important factor in the development of sports was the establishment of regional sports associations at the turn of the 1920s and 1930s. There were the following sports disciplines practised in sports societies and clubs: motorsports, boxing, horse riding, cycling, athletics, motorcycling, football, shooting, water sports, winter sports. The Volhynian sportsmen did not achieve any spectacular sports successes in the national arena in the discussed period.

A historical significance of first integration of the Korean Sports & Olympic Committee

Purpose This study is to examine the historical facts about the integration of the Korean Sports Association, the Korean Olympic Committee, and the Korean School Sports Association in 1968. Methods Primary and secondary data were used to understand the integration process of the three organizations. Result First, immediately after liberation, the Korean Sports Association was reorganized and a number of new sports organizations were founded. Second, in the 1960s, the military regime exerted the government's control, making all social groups essential to register in accordance with the Act on Social Group Registration. Third, the Korea Olympic Committee and the Korean School Sports Association frequently caused friction as they operated overlapping projects with the existing Korean Sports Association. Fourth, in February 1968, the government consolidated three groups that were considered social issues based on the experience of dissolving the Korean Special Sports Association. Fifth, the integration of the three organizations is significant in that it prevented redundant projects and wasted budget, and resolved the discord in the sports world. Conclusion The first integration of the Korean Sports Association in 1968 was a historical event that absorbed the Korean Olympic Committee and the Korean School Sports Association. The integration of the three organizations is viewed as a solution for the systematic operation of the sports administration, but on the one hand, it has become the top-ranking organization in the Korean sports community since this time by well blocking the checks of the Korean Olympic Committee and Korean School Sports Association. It can be understood as maintaining absolute power.

자료포락분석(DEA) 모형을 적용한 시․도 체육회 운영 효율성 분석

자료포락분석(DEA) 모형을 적용한 시․도 체육회 운영 효율성 분석

بناء مقياس المركزية واللامركزية في صنع قرارات الاتحاد العراقي المركزي لكرة السلة

الهدف من البحث:
 بناء مقياس المركزية واللامركزية في صنع قرارات الاتحاد العراقي المركزي لكرة السلة.
 التعرف على ترتيب عوامل مركزية ولامركزية صنع القرارات في الاتحاد العراقي المركزي لكرة السلة من وجهة نظر العاملين في الاتحادات الرياضية الفرعية.
 اُستخدم المنهج الوصفي بطريقة المسح لملاءمته ولطبيعة البحث، وتألفت العينة من قسمين، القسم الأول شمل عينة البناء التي بلغ عددها (108) أفراد عاملون في الاتحادات الرياضية الفرعية لكرة السلة في العراق، في حين شمل القسم الثاني عينة التطبيق التي بلغ عددها (40) فرداً عاملاً في الاتحادات الرياضية الفرعية لكرة السلة في العراق.
 من وسائل جمع البيانات:
 أداة لقياس المركزية واللامركزية في صنع القرارات:
 قام الباحثان ببناء مقياس المركزية واللامركزية في صنع القرارات لدى الاتحاد العراقي لكرة السلة بعد أن توافرت الشروط العلمية للمقياس، وقد تضمن المقياس (20) فقرة.
 عُولجت البيانات إحصائياً باستخدام:
 الوسط الحسابي والانحراف المعياري وقانون النسبة المئوية والمتوسط الفرضي ومعامل ألفا ومعادلة جتمان، واُستخدمت معادلة سبيرمان براون.
 أهم الاستنتاجات هي:
 صلاحية مقياس المركزية واللامركزية في صنع القرارات في قياس طبيعة صنع قرارات الاتحاد العراقي لكرة السلة.
 أسلوب صنع قرارات الاتحاد العراقي لكرة السلة هو الأسلوب اللامركزي من وجهة نظر العاملين في الاتحادات الرياضية الفرعية.
 وفي ضوء النتائج قدم الباحثان عدداً من التوصيات من أهمها:
 تطبيق مقياس المركزية واللامركزية في صنع القرارات بعد تكييفه بطريقة علمية على اتحادات أخرى في أنحاء العراق كافة.
 ضرورة استمرارية الاتحاد العراقي لكرة السلة في دعم التوجه نحو اللامركزية في صنع القرارات، وذلك بمنح العاملين في الاتحادات الرياضية الفرعية المزيد من الصلاحيات الضرورية للقيام بواجباتهم بمرونة وفاعلية، وطرح القضايا المطلوب اتخاذ قرار بشأنها ومناقشتها مع العاملين الذين يقع على عاتقهم تنفيذ القرار.
 على القيادات الإدارية في الاتحاد العراقي المركزي لكرة السلة أن تقوم بالإجراء المناسب الذي يضمن المشاركة الأوسع للعاملين في الاتحادات الرياضية الفرعية في عملية صنع القرارات بشكل فعال وذلك من خلال زيادة عقد الاجتماعات وفتح قنوات الاتصال كافة معهم والقيام بزيارات ميدانية إلى المحافظات.
 وقدم الباحثان المقترحين الآتيين:
 إجراء دراسة مقارنة في مركزية ولامركزية صنع قرارات الاتحاد العراقي لكرة السلة مع اتحادات أُخر.
 2. العمل على إصدار قانون لتفرغ العاملين في الاتحادات الرياضية للقيام بمهامهم في الاتحادات مع الاحتفاظ بحقوقهم الرسمية في المؤسسات التي يعملون بها، وذلك من أجل أن تتاح لهم فرصة الإبداع، وتقديم الخدمات في كلتا الوظيفتين.

Influence of insolvency of a football club in Poland on the right to participate in league games

The study is devoted to the issue of the impact of sports club insolvency in Poland on the right to participate in league games. In this respect, not only the regulation of insolvency law is of the key importance. There are also crucial organizational rules established by the sports association (the Polish Football Association—Polski Związek Piłki Nożnej) determining admission to league games of only such sports clubs which have adequate financial liquidity. It should be stressed that the Polish Football Association (hereinafter “PZPN”) regulations do not allow to take part in competitions sports club in bankruptcy. This topic has become particularly relevant in 2020 in the context of the economic consequences of the unexpected pandemic of SARS-CoV-2. The paper deals with some legal aspects of lex sportiva and with the basic model of organization of the professional football league in Poland as well.

\u201cWe were all together\u201d- families\u2019 experiences of the health-promoting programme \u2013 A Healthy Generation

BackgroundHealthy lifestyle habits, including physical activity (PA), are associated with a broad range of positive psychosocial and physical health benefits. However, there are challenges involved in reaching vulnerable groups in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas. There is a lack of research on family-based PA interventions, specifically considering psychosocial health. The purpose of this study was to explore how families experienced psychosocial aspects of health after participation in a family-based programme, A Healthy Generation.MethodsA Healthy Generation is a health-promoting, family-based programme delivered in collaboration with local municipalities and sport associations in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas in Sweden. Families with children in grade 2 (8–9 years), including siblings, participate in health-promoting activities, including activity sessions, healthy meals, health information and parental support groups. Data was collected through interviews with parents and children (n = 23) from a controlled pilot trial of the programme. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and analysed using a phenomenological hermeneutical method.ResultsThree themes and seven sub-themes emerged. The themes were: “A sense of belonging”, “Awareness of one’s role as a parent” and “Inspiration towards new and healthier behaviours”. In terms of A sense of belonging, participation in the programme was the families own free zone, where they also had the opportunity of being together with other families in the programme. For participants that were isolated and lacked a social network, their participation helped them towards social participation. During the programme, parents created an Awareness of one’s role as a parent, with new insights on how to act as a parent and they also negotiated differences between each other. Participation in the programme contributed to Inspiration towards new and healthier behaviours such as experience-based insights and healthy lifestyle changes.ConclusionsThis study highlights the importance of co-participation in family-based health-promoting programmes to enhance psychosocial health among families in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas. The results give new insights into participants’ experiences of psychosocial aspects of health after participation in a family-based PA programme. This knowledge can contribute to the understanding of how to design health-promoting, family-based interventions to promote psychosocial health in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas.Trial registrationISRCTN ISRCTN11660938. Retrospectively registered 23 September 2019.

The Key Role of Sport Policies for the Popularity of Women’s Sports: A Case Study on Women’s Soccer in Germany

Athletic success in women’s sports, in particular in women’s soccer, is strongly linked to macrolevel gender equality within societies. There is also evidence that macrolevel gender equality matters for sport consumption. This study explored the role of mesolevel institutions for the popularity of women’s soccer. The example of reunified Germany illustrates that macrolevel gender equality might be less important for the popularity of women’s sport than mesolevel gender equality, that is, policy priorities adopted by sport associations and other actors involved in sport policymaking. The study comes with practical implications for the future popularity of women’s soccer.