Spondias Mombin Research Articles

Comparative study on cupric oxide nanoparticles synthesis in saline buffer versus basic water by Spondias mombin peel extract for biocatalysis

The authors herein compared the morphology, homogeneity and biocatalytic (peroxidase) activity of the synthesized cupric oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) from Spondias mombin peel extract for the first time in saline buffer and basic H2O system respectively. The saline buffer-assisted synthesis of CuO NPs produced homogenous and monoclinic shaped nanoparticles having excellent peroxidase activity compared to basic H2O. The saline buffer-assisted synthesis of CuO NPs was optimized in terms of peel extract concentration, time, and light. The study about elemental compositions, crystallinity, size and shape of CuO NPs (average size ⁓ 45 nm and monoclinic shape in PBS system) were confirmed through EDS, XRD, and SEM techniques. And the completion of CuO NPs synthesis within 5 minutes much shorter than the basic H2O system was confirmed through UV-visible studies. Finally, the saline buffer-assisted CuO NPs showed 10 times higher peroxidase activity against TMB-H2O2 system than basic H2O-system.

Phenolic Compound Profile by UPLC-MS/MS and Encapsulation with Chitosan of Spondias mombin L. Fruit Peel Extract from Cerrado Hotspot-Brazil.

Taperebá (Spondias mombin L.) is a native species of the Brazilian Cerrado that has shown important characteristics such as a significant phenolic compound content and biological activities. The present study aimed to characterize the phenolic compound profile and antioxidant activity in taperebá peel extract, as well as microencapsulating the extract with chitosan and evaluating the stability of the microparticles. The evaluation of the profile of phenolic compounds was carried out by UPLC-MS/MS. The in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH and ABTS methods. The microparticles were obtained by spray drying and were submitted to a stability study under different temperatures. In general, the results showed a significant content of polyphenols and antioxidant activity. The results of UPLC-MS/MS demonstrated a significant content of polyphenols in taperebá peel, highlighting the high content of ellagic acid and quercetin compounds. There was significant retention of phenolic compounds when microencapsulated, demonstrating high retention at all evaluated temperatures. This study is the first to microencapsulate the extract of taperebá peel, in addition to identifying and quantifying some compounds in this fruit.

Phenolic and flavonoid content and in vitro inhibitory effect of some Amazonian fruit juices on CYP3A4 activity

ABSTRACT Many foods interact with drugs and may cause changes in the pharmacological effects of the co-administered therapeutic agent. The enzyme CYP3A4, which belongs to the cytochrome P450 enzyme complex, is responsible for the metabolism of most drugs currently on the market and is involved in many drug interactions. Hence, the interaction of this enzyme with juices of some fruits, such as grapefruit, can affect the pharmacokinetics of various drugs. However, native fruits from the Amazon region have not yet been the target of this type of research. We determined total polyphenols and flavonoids of the Amazonian fruits açaí (Euterpe precatoria), buriti (Mauritia flexuosa), camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia), cubiu (Solanum sessiliflorum), cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), jenipapo (Genipa americana), and taperebá (Spondias mombin) and evaluated the effects of each fruit juice on CYP3A4 activity, using the star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) juice as positive control. Açaí juice presented the highest content of total polyphenols and flavonoids (102.6 ± 7.2 µg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) per mL and 7.2 ± 0.6 µg quercetin equivalent (QE) per mL, respectively). All juices were able to inhibit the activity of CYP3A4. There was no residual activity of the drug-metabolizing enzyme for açai, buriti, cubiu, camu-camu, and taperebá juice, while for cupuaçu, jenipapo and the positive control, the residual activity was 44.3, 54.3 and 20.2%, respectively. Additional studies should identify the phytocompound(s) responsible for this inhibition activity, to clarify the mechanisms involved in this phenomenon.

Dietary ethanol ingestion by free-ranging spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi).

Ethanol within ripe and over-ripe fruit is produced naturally through the metabolic activity of fermentative yeasts. As a consequence, frugivorous animals may chronically consume ethanol as part of their routine diet, although direct measurements of such exposure are lacking. Here, we present data on ethanol concentrations within fruits of Spondias mombin (Anacardiaceae) that are eaten by black-handed spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Of collected fruits that were partially consumed and then dropped by foraging monkeys, pulp-ethanol content was typically in the range of 1–2%; the percentage of pulp for consumed fruits was not significantly correlated with the ethanol concentration of the pulp remaining within each fruit. Urine samples from foraging spider monkeys were also evaluated for the ethanol metabolites ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulfate; five of six samples tested positive for both compounds. In aggregate, these data indicate natural exposure to fruit-associated ethanol in a wild primate species.

Spondias mombin L.: An Updated Monograph

Spondias mombin Linn (Anacardiaceae) is a plant species found from southeastern Mexico to Peru and in the northern of Brazil. Its fruits are known as “cajá miúdo” or “cajá pequeno” in Brazil; in Central America, as “jobo”; as “hogplum” or “yellow mombin” in North America; and as “ciruella amarilla” in Mexico and Ecuador, among others. It is used by the local population to treat diseases due to its many biological properties, such as antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties. This study was carried out using databases, indexed articles, theses, dissertations, and books. These surveys indicate important microscopic and macroscopic patterns of the species. Some studies also confirmed the popular use of S. mombin, showing in vitro and in vivo antioxidant properties and some activities, such as mosquito adulticidal, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, and anthelminthic activities. These properties are attributed to the abundant presence of phenolic compounds. Saponins, alkaloids, phenolic acids, tannins, and flavonoids are also found in its extracts. The results obtained in this study show several pharmacological applications that can lead to the development of new products and drugs based on the properties of S. mombin, which have already been reflected in field patents.

Water and Nutritional Management on the Growthand Chlorophyll a Fluorescence of Plants Used in the Revegetation of Remaining Sand and Clay Extraction Areas

The processes of using the environment and natural resources are increasingly necessary and present in human society. These processes can result in environmental degradation. A recovery strategy for an area that has undergone environmental degradation is revegetation. For the successful establishment of a plant species, the environment must have adequate water and nutritional conditions. The objective of this work was to study the effect of water and nutritional management on the survival, growth, and morphophysiological conditions of plants used in the revegetation of remaining sand and clay extraction areas. The experiment was carried out in a sand loan extraction loan area and a clay loan extraction loan area, both in the coastal region of the municipality of São Mateus, Espírito Santo, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized block with three replications in a split-plot scheme, using methods of water management in the plots and doses of fertilization (0.000 kg, 0.072 kg, 0.144 kg, 0.288 kg and 0.576 kg) in the pits in the subplots. In both areas, five different species of native plants were used: Aroeira (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi), Cajá Mirim (Spondias mombin L.), Goiaba do Ipiranga (Psidium cattleianum Sabine), Ingá Mirim (Inga laurina (Sw.) Willd.) and Murta de Restinga (Mouriri guianensis Aubl.). The plants used in the experiment were evaluated for growth, survival, leaf attributes, and chlorophyll a fluorescence. The water management method and the fertilization of the pit had a significant effect on the development of the species evaluated in both areas, acting on the survival rate, growth, morphology and physiology of the plants.

Chemical and Medicinal Properties of Spondias Mombim (Linn) Leaf Harvested From the South Eastern Nigeria

Spondia Mombin Linn is a very important medicinal plant used in the sourth eastern Nigeria for the treatment of various ailment , Initial phytochemical analysis of the leaf revealed the presence of alkaloids 2.2%, flavonoids 1.34%, saponins 3.73%, tannins 2.4%, cardiac glycosides and steroids .The antimicrobial analysis against certain selected human pathogens revealed activities against Staphylococus aureus by a diameter of 35mm, Streptococcus specie 30mm ,Aspergillis niger 18mm and Mucor specie 19mm but could not inhibit the growth of Klebsiella specie and Pseudomonas aeruginosa .GC-MS of the chloroform extract was carried out with SHIMAZU Japan Gas Chromatography 5890-11 with a fused GC column OV 101coated with polymethyl silicon (0.25 mm x 50 m) and Gas chromatography Mass spectrum GC-MS QP 2010 Plus Shimazu Japan, showed that the leaf extract contained 26 compounds: Stigmast-4-en-3-one C29H48O, lupeol C30H50O, tetracontane C29H50O , Heptacosane C44H90, Vitamin E C29H56 , γ-TocopherolC29H50O2, 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol C28H48O2 ,heptacosane C27H46O, Squalene C27H56 ,methyl [2] 5,11,14,17 eicosatetraenoate C30H501,2-Benzene dicarboxylic acid bisoctylester C24H38O4, Phenol-3 pentadecyl C21H36O,Octadecanoic acid C18H36O2,. 9,12-Octadecadienoylchloride[z,z] C18H31ClO. Phytol C20H40O, n-Hexadecanoic acid C16H32O2,3, 7, 11, 15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol C20H40O. 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol C20H40O,.5-Octadecene[E] C18H36, Tetradecanoic acid C14H28O2 , Decane -5,6-bis(2,2-dimethyl propylidene)(E,Z) C20H38,1-Hexadecene C16H32 .Cholestan-3-d-2- methylene(3β,5a)C28H48O, Benzocycloheptatriene C11H10, Benzene- 2-ethenyl-1,3,5-trimethyl C11H14 and Napthalene C10H8 . Most of these compounds have marked anticancer, anti-tumour and anti-inflammatory properties making the plant leaf a potent medicine for the treatment of cancer, tumour, inflammation and cardiovascular disease.

Changes in quality parameters and microbial stability of hog plum (Spondias mombin Linn.) juice during ambient and refrigerated storage

PurposeSeveral factors may play critical roles in alterations to product quality during storage of hog plum juice. This study aims to evaluate variations to physicochemical, antioxidant, anti-nutritional properties and microbial stability of hog plum juice during storage.Design/methodology/approachJuice was produced from hog plum fruits and stored for eight weeks at refrigerated and ambient conditions. Physicochemical, antioxidant properties, antinutritional factors and microbial properties of juices were determined using standard proceduresFindingsDegradation of ascorbic acid was higher in juices stored at ambient conditions (64.4%) compared to those stored by refrigeration (44.4%). Trends were similar for total phenolic, total flavonoid and total carotenoid contents. Total phenolic, total carotenoid and lycopene contents of fresh juice were 3.9 mg GAE/mL, 4.0 mg/mL and 1.3 mg/mL, which were not significantly different (at p = 0.08, 0.07 and 0.08, respectively) from the values at two weeks of storage at refrigerated conditions (3.9 mg GAE/mL, 3.9 mg/mL and 1.3 mg/mL). A sharp decrease of more than 40% (p = 0.02) in lycopene was recorded after four weeks, irrespective of storage temperature. Pasteurized hog plum juice showed no microbial growth until after four weeks of refrigerated storage when 1 CFU/mL each of bacterial and fungal growth were recorded. The juices, however, showed higher susceptibility to fungal growth as storage period increased.Research limitations/implicationsOther variables not considered in this study such as nature of packaging materials may have significantly contributed to the observed data set. Further studies may, therefore, widen the scope of discussion to evaluate the associated relationship of these variables. Hog plum juice retained a considerable amount of bioactive components during refrigerated storage, which makes it a viable nutraceutical drink with industrial potentials and possible positive health implications for consumers.Practical implicationsThis study provides new information that support the possible classification and use of hog plum juice as a safe functional beverage for human consumption.Originality/valueAlthough the effect of storage temperature was significant in most of the properties studied, storage duration seems to have a greater influence on the stability of quality parameters during the storage of hog plum juice.

HPLC-DAD analysis and antimicrobial activities of Spondias mombin L. (Anacardiaceae).

Spondias mombin is used in the folk medicine for the treatment of diarrhea and dysentery, indicating that extracts obtained from this species may present pharmacological activities against pathogenic microorganisms. The purpose of this work was to investigate the chemical composition and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of extracts obtained from the leaves (aqueous) and bark (hydroethanolic) of S. mombin both as single treatments and in combination with conventional drugs. Following a qualitative chemical prospection, the extracts were analyzed by HPLC-DAD. The antimicrobial activities were evaluated by microdilution. The combined activity of drugs and extracts was verified by adding a subinhibitory concentration of the extract in the presence of variable drug concentrations. The Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) was determined by a subculture of the microdilution test, while the effect of the in vitro treatments on morphological transition was analyzed by subculture in moist chambers. While the qualitative analysis detected the presence of phenols and flavonoids, the HPLC analysis identified quercetin, caffeic acid, and catechin as major components in the leaf extract, whereas kaempferol and quercetin were found as major compounds in the bark extract. The extracts showed effective antibacterial activities only against the Gram-negative strains. With regard to the combined activity, the leaf extract potentiated the action of gentamicin and imipenem (against Staphylococcus aureus), while the bark extract potentiated the effect of norfloxacin (against S. aureus), imipenem (against Escherichia coli), and norfloxacin (against Pseudomonas aeruginosa). A more significant antifungal (fungistatic) effect was achieved with the bark extract (even though at high concentrations), which further enhanced the activity of fluconazole. The extracts also inhibited the emission of filaments by Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. Together, these findings suggest that that the extract constituents may act by favoring the permeability of microbial cells to conventional drugs, as well as by affecting virulence mechanisms in Candida strains.

Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Extract and Fractions of Spondias mombin Leaf and Isolation of its Active Principles

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Physical, physicochemical and functional technological properties of flours produced from yellow mombin (Spondias mombin L.) epicarp

Yellow mombin (Spondias mombin L.) is a plant native to tropical America and occurs in several states in Brazil. Yellow mombin fruit has desirable characteristics for industrialization, but its epicarp (peel) having good nutritional characteristics is discarded. Flour obtained by dehydration processes is an alternative in the food industry for the utilization of by-products. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop a product from an industrial residue and analyze the physical, physicochemical and functional technological characteristics of the yellow mombin epicarp flours produced by drying in an oven, subjected to different temperatures (40, 50, 60 and 70 ºC) and by lyophilization. To reach these final moisture contents, the required times were 11.5, 9.0, 7.0 and 4.5 h, respectively, for the temperatures of 40, 50, 60 and 70 °C. For lyophilization, 24 hours were required. After the samples were dried, they were processed to obtain the flour and evaluated for color, pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, bulk density and granulometry. Flour produced by lyophilized epicarp of yellow mombin showed a lighter color and a higher tendency to yellow, greater amount of soluble solids and lower density. FEPL particles were smaller, i.e., finer flour. All flours had low pH values, between 2.65 and 2.83

Computational Studies for Selected Medicinal Plants against Dolutegravir using Ligand Based Pharmacophore, Molecular Docking, ADMET Predictionsand Molecular Dynamics Simulation

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is the causative agent for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In 2020, South Africa recorded an estimated 8,2 million people living with HIV. This extensive figure is a red flag to the country, as it causes serious economic burden to its health care system. In the quest for finding a suitable inhibitor for HIV-1 protease, computer aided drug design (CADD) approachstands out to be one of the leading fields of study in pursuit of a new drug for HIV. The Lipinski rule of five was applied in screening the ninety-two plant extracts from Ocium santum, Carica papaya, Persea Americana, Azadirachta indica and Spondias mombin medicinal plants, and forty-six of the compounds complied with this rule. Afterwards, a ligand-based pharmacophore was constructed based on the active properties of the three (3) best binding compound obtained from the screened ZINC compounds (Zinc_001456687980, Zinc_001445792073 and Zinc_001461099137). Then the compounds with less than 0.5 RMSD were picked out. The best 10 compounds were docked and compared with a drug that is already in the market, dolutegravir. 3, 5-di-O-galloyl-4- O-digalloylquinic acid 3,5,4,4-Tetragqa (-8.6), epicatechin (-8) and quercitrin (-8) obtained the highest binding affinity.Even though Tetragqa had the highest binding affinity, it failing the test because of its large molecular weight. The safety evaluation and other chemical parameters that included the lipophilicity, physicochemical other properties of these compounds was performed through SwissADME/T web server. On the best top three binding compounds, only epicatechin (-8) had promising features of a drug candidate. However, the remaining compounds from the best 10 compounds were also analysed using the SwissADME/T tools, whereby two of them (juglanin and catechin) satisfied the ADMET prediction analysis. Catechin showed some promising features as well after it displayed good druglike properties, suitable for a novel compound. Lastly, molecular dynamics simulation was then performed on the three lead compounds namely; epicatechin, juglanin andcatechin against dolutegravir. The ligand protein interaction between catechin and the protein displayed minimal shift of the protein during the simulation that was performed over 100ns, signifying a strong complex association.

Nutritional properties of yellow mombin (Spondias mombin L.) epicarp flours by conventional drying and lyophilization

Yellow mombin (Spondias mombin L.) has an unusual aroma and slightly acidic flavor, which leads to the interest in its fresh consumption or industrial use, causing its epicarp (peel) to be discarded, which generates industrial residue. The nutritional value of fruit epicarp is almost always high and, in some cases, may be even higher than the that of the fruit itself. The objective of this study was to evaluate the flours produced from the epicarp of yellow mombin (Spondias mombin L.), through conventional drying and lyophilization. Contents of water, ash, lipids, proteins and minerals were analyzed and carbohydrate content and energy value were determined. Moisture content was below 8.87%, being within the acceptable limit. The flours showed high contents of ash, lipids and proteins, with values above 5.61, 7.76 and 11.90%, respectively. Fe, Zn and Mn contents were above the daily intake recommendation. The temperatures used to dehydrate yellow mombin epicarp did not cause nutritional alteration in the flours compared with the flour from the lyophilized epicarp

Sensory profile of fermented milk drink with yellow mombin (Spondiasmobin L.) and the addition of (Crotonblanchetianus Baill) essential oil

The study aimed to evaluate the influence of Crotonblanchetianus Baill essential oil on the sensory parameters of fermented milk drinks with yellow mombin pulp. The milk drinks analyzed contained milk and whey from goat origin, water-soluble soy extract, yellow mombin pulp, and Crotonblanchetianus Baill essential oil (CBEO) in the following proportions: 0.0, 0.0035; 0.0070, and 0.0105 g/L according to the Artemia salina toxicity test. The extraction of essential oil from the Crotonblanchetianus Baill leaves was carried out using hydrodistillation by steam. The sensory profile of the fermented milk drink was obtained through Quantitative Descriptive Analysis. The CBEO influenced the color of yellow mombin, brightness, viscosity, woody flavor, appearance, and flavor attributes. The samples were also approved in the acceptance test, with no statistical difference between treatments. Therefore, it was concluded that the addition of CBEO promoted changes in the sensory characteristics of the fermented milk drink with yellow mombin pulp for the appearance and flavor attributes. However, it did not negatively influence the acceptance of the analyzed product.

Actividad antioxidante y composición química del aceite esencial de Minthostachys mollis (Benth.) Griseb de Ecuador

Manilkara achras (Mill.) Fosberg, Averrhoa carambola L. y Spondia mombin L., are widely cultivated fruits in various tropical countries of the world. The juice of these fruits has a very important nutritional and antioxidant power since they are a natural source of vitamins, minerals, fibers and polyphenolic compounds such as tannins and flavonoids. Because the presence of phenolic compounds is closely related to the antioxidant activity of fruits and vegetables, in this work, we quantified the total amount of phenolic compounds using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, finding the following values, M. achras 100.2 ± 0.009; A carambola 102.7 ± 0.001 y S mombin 103.7 ± 0.027 mg EAG/100 g dry weight of extract. These results are in agreement with the qualitative phytochemical evaluation carried out on the ethanolic extracts, in which the presence of tannic compounds was markedly evidenced. Furthermore, compounds such as alkaloids, triterpenes, coumarins, anthraquinones, flavonoids and glycosides were also observed. The valours of IC50 observe to antioxidant activity using DPPH reactive were M achras 1.030 ± 0.032 mg/mL; followed by S mombin 1.366 ± 0.054 mg/mL and finally A carambola 2,807 ± 0.053 mg/mL. These results show the possibility of encouraging the cultivation and greater consumption of these fruits among the Venezuelan population. An evaluation of nutritional value of these fruits; as well as the most suitable time for harvest in relation the content of polyphenolic compounds should be carried out in future research.

Technological applications and color stability of carotenoids extracted from selected Amazonian fruits

In this review, we gathered information regarding the carotenoid composition of selected Amazonian fruits: peach palm (Bactris gasipaes), buriti (Mauritia flexuosa), tucumã (Astrocaryum vulgare), taperebá (Spondias mombin), and araçá-boi (Eugenia stipitata); and also discussed the stability of carotenoid extracts and their potential to be used as natural colorants in foods. Notwithstanding the claimed health benefits, information on technological approaches to the use of carotenoid extracts from Amazonian fruits as natural colorants or antioxidant are quite limited. These findings evidenced the need for more systematic studies assessing the stability of carotenoid extracts of Amazonian fruits and their application as natural food additives.

Tritrophic relations and spatial distribution of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in the Cerrado and Caatinga regions in Piauí, Brazil

Knowledge about the spatial distribution of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) and tritrophic interactions (fruit-fruit fly parasitoid) contributes to the monitoring and maintenance of the numerical density at a level lower than economic damage. The purpose of this study was to identify the spatial distribution and associations of fruit flies with their parasitoids and host plants in the municipality of Bom Jesus-PI. The flies were obtained from fruit collection from July 2018 to May 2019. A total of 1,711 individuals were obtained, represented by six species: Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart, 1835), An. fraterculus (Wiedemann, 1830), An. alveata Stone, 1942, An. sororcula Zucchi, 1979, An. zenildae Zucchi, 1979 and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824). Anastrepha obliqua was the species with the widest distribution throughout the ecotone area. Ceratitis capitata is distributed only in the urban perimeter. A tritrophic relationship occurred between four species of parasitoids, Asobara anastrephae (Muesebeck, 1958) or Opius sp. associated with An. obliqua in Spondias mombin or S. tuberosa fruits. Opius sp. has also been associated with An. alveata in Ximenia americana. Pachycrepoideus vindemiae was obtained from C. capitata in Malpighia emarginata, in addition to An. obliqua in Averrhoa carambola. Therefore, fruit flies are associated with native fruit trees (S. tuberosa, S. mombin, S. purpurea, P. acutangulum, Inga laurina, X. americana) and exotic fruits (M. emarginata, A. carambola, P. guajava). Ceratitis capitata was recorded for the first time in the state of Piauí infesting I. laurina (Sw.) Willd. This is the first record of the parasitoid genus Spalangia. in An. obliqua in Piauí and in the semiarid region of Brazil.

Physicochemical Constituents and Anti-Oxidative Properties of Ripening Hog Plum (Spondias Mombin) Fruits and the Quality Attributes of Jam Produced from the Fruits

Physicochemical Constituents and Anti-Oxidative Properties of Ripening Hog Plum (Spondias Mombin) Fruits and the Quality Attributes of Jam Produced from the Fruits

Production of probiotic Cajá fruit (Spondias mombin) powder using Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis B94 via spouted bed

Probiotic bacteria inclusion on fruit pulp is an exceptional alternative for the production and innovation of functional foods. Therefore, the present work aims to study the drying of Caja (Spondias mombin) pulp added with Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis using a spouted bed. An experimental design comprising 11 experiments was used on the drying, varying the inlet temperature (50 ºC, 60 ºC, and 70 ºC), the maltodextrin concentration (2.5, 5.0, and 7.5% wt) and inulin concentration (2.5, 5.0, and 7.5% wt). The dependent variables studied in our work were the process yield and the number of viable cells. The liquid fruit pulp presented physicochemical conditions for bacteria growth and high content of bioactive compounds. Results revealed that lower inlet temperature in combination with lower concentrations of maltodextrin and inulin resulted in a powder with a higher number of viable cells. Even though temperature degradation is a critical factor for product quality while using drying processes, it was considered that the process was efficient because of the high cell viability, which is the critical factor to consider the product as probiotic.

Optimization of microencapsulation of yellow mombin juice by spray drying using a central composite rotatable design and powder physicochemical properties

Yellow mombin juice was microencapsulated by spray drying. Optimum operating conditions were selected from the outcomes of tests carried out according to a central composite rotatable design, using air inlet temperature (90 to 190 °C), feed flow rate (0.20 to 1.00 L/h) and 15 DE maltodextrin concentration (10 to 30%) as the independent variables, while powder moisture content, water activity, hygroscopicity, total carotenoids retention, and process yield as the responses. As expected, water activity, moisture content and yield of samples were significantly reduced by spray drying. The powder prepared under optimum conditions, whose reconstituted nectar was the most appreciated by panelists in sensory analysis, was partially characterized in terms of physicochemical properties. It exhibited an apparent density of 0.59 g/mL and a solubility of 81.49%. Particles generally occurred in clusters and exhibited spherical shape and smooth surface. The antioxidant activity was shown to be weak to intermediate.