Spondias Mombin Research Articles

Diversity and availability of edible caterpillar host plants in the Luki biosphere reserve landscape in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Edible caterpillars are an important food and economic resource for rural African people. However, they are subject to a number of threats; in particular, their host plants are threatened. The Luki Biosphere Reserve landscape is a region of the Democratic Republic of Congo where the practice of eating caterpillars is a recent phenomenon; however, rural communities have reported their scarcity. This study assessed the diversity and availability of host plants of the edible caterpillars in the Luki Biosphere Reserve (LBR) landscape. Botanical inventories were conducted in eleven ha plots of each of the following habitats: forest, savannah under protection, fallow, and inhabited areas, covering an area of 44 ha. The coverage-based rarefaction and extrapolation method and the iNEXT online software were used to calculate the true diversity of edible caterpillar host plants. The diameter structure of the edible caterpillar host plant species was assessed by counting the number of individuals in each diameter class. The results revealed that in the Luki Biosphere Reserve landscape, edible caterpillars rely on 15 main plant host species (Spondias mombin L., Petersianthus macrocarpus (P.Beauv.) Liben, Croton sylvaticus Hochst. ex Krauss, Hymenocardia acida Tul., Lannea welwitschii (Hiern) Engl., Macaranga spinosa Müll.Arg., Celtis mildbraedii Engl., Coelocaryon botryoïdes Vermoesen, Albizia gummifera (J.F.Gmel.) C. A. Sm, Bridelia atroviridis Müll.Arg, Ficus mucuso Welw. ex Ficalho, Funtumia elastica (P.Preuss) Stapf, Lannea welwitschii (Hiern) Engl., Milicia excelsa (Welw.) C.C. Berg., and Terminalia superba Engl. & Diels). The habitats exhibited low species diversity of the edible caterpillar host plants. Moreover, several of these species are becoming scarce or are locally threatened with extinction. The trend in the diametric structure is similar to species evolving in a disturbed environment.The results of this study suggest potential habitat instability linked to human activities that could lead to biodiversity loss and, thus, a decline in edible caterpillars in the LBR landscape. A better understanding of the unfavourable conditions that influence the nutritional support for the edible caterpillars would help promote appropriate strategies that can be applied in local development plans for community lands at a landscape scale.

Innovative blends with probiotic potential: processing optimization, bioactive compounds and sensory evaluation of yellow mombin (Spondias mombin) and Talinum triangulare beverages

Innovative blends with probiotic potential: processing optimization, bioactive compounds and sensory evaluation of yellow mombin (Spondias mombin) and Talinum triangulare beverages

Antioxidant potential and phytochemical constituents of a synergy-based combined extract of Spondias mombin L.,Spilanthes filicaulis (Schumach. & Thonn.) C.D.Adams and Piper guineense Thonn

Recent advancements in scientific understanding of free radicals have stimulated progress in medicine. Antioxidants are known to neutralize free radicals by giving up electrons. The current research was carried out to explore the antioxidant capabilities and phytochemical composition of a synergy-based combined extracts of Spondias mombin, Spilanthes filicaulis, and Piper guineense, with the goal to determine the optimal ratio for the most effective antioxidant activity, suitable for herbal product development. Combined extracts H1 and H2 were obtained through aqueous maceration of S. mombin leaves, S. filicaulis plants, and P. guineense fruits. Antioxidant activity of combined extract was evaluated in 2, 2 - diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric ion reducing power (FRAP) assay. Evaluations included total phenolic and flavonoid content determination. Furthermore, the phytochemical constituents were determined using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The combined-extract H1 exhibited better free radical scavenging ability in DPPH (IC50 = 72.87 ± 0.63 µg/mL) than H2 (IC50 = 150.2 ± 1.08 µg/mL). The FRAP assay results revealed its highest reducing power (12.385± 0.002 AAE/mg/g) compared to H2 (11.657±0.002 AAE/mg/g). Additionally, H1 had higher of both total phenolic and flavonoid content. GC-MS profiling revealed 28 compounds within H1 and 17 compounds within H2. This study demonstrated that the combined extract H1 has significant antioxidant potential, with consistently positive results across all conducted assays. It contains a variety of phytochemical constituents, mainly phenolic and flavonoids that could be explored in pharmaceutical industries to develop antioxidant agents.

Bioprospection for antiviral compounds from selected medicinal plants against RNA polymerase of rotavirus A using molecular modelling and density functional theory

Rotavirus A (RVA) infection remains a significant global health challenge, especially in developing countries, causing severe dehydrating diarrhoea in children under five years of age. Despite the availability of four World Health Organization (WHO) pre-qualified vaccines, their availability, particularly in low-income countries, pose significant challenges. Currently, there are no specific anti-rotaviral medications hence, the urgency to develop novel therapeutics against rotavirus infection. Thus, this study explored the potential of secondary metabolites of Spondias mombin, Macaranga barteri and Dicerocaryum eriocarpum as novel inhibitors of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (VP1) of rotavirus A using computational techniques. Pharmacokinetics parameters were adopted to screen the top 20 metabolites with high affinity for the target, initially identified through a docking study. Furthermore, the ability of the resulting compounds to modulate the investigated target was assessed using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, while density functional theory (DFT) calculations were conducted to predict the molecular properties of the top-ranked compounds. Except for ellagic acid hexoside (-33.14 kcal/mol), all the leads had higher binding free energy values relative to sofosbuvir (-36.58 kcal/mol) following a 120 ns MD simulation. Overall, the resulting complexes with the lead compounds demonstrated acceptable stability, reduced flexibility and compactness, with spiraeoside (-51.02 kcal/mol) displaying more favourable thermodynamics metrics, albeit with a lesser binding free energy relative to chrysoeriol 7-glucuronide (-58.36 kcal/mol). The binding free energy and thermodynamic parameters of the top-hit compounds could be attributed to their respective bond interactions and molecular orbital properties except chrysoeriol 7-glucuronide, with a need for additional structural adjustment to enhance its thermodynamic properties. Thus, these findings indicate the potential modulatory ability of the lead compounds against the VP1 protein of RVA, underscoring the importance of further in vitro and in vivo studies to validate the predicted activity, and ongoing efforts are being made to pursue this line of investigation.

Stands diversity and population structure of five ethnoveterinary woody species according to climatic zone and human disturbance in Benin (West Africa)

Farmers continue to use medicinal plants, alone or in combination with veterinary medicines, to treat animal diseases, especially in developing countries. The study aimed to determine the effect of climatic zone and anthropic disturbance level on the diversity of the natural stand and structures of Morinda lucida Benth, Spondias mombin L., Terminalia leiocarpa (DC.) Baill, Crossopteryx febrifuga (Afzel. ex G. Don) Benth, and Vitex doniana Sweet, five plant species often used in ethnoveterinary medicine in Benin. A floristic inventory was conducted in 206 plots of 0.15 ha each, distributed across 6 forests/hunting areas as well as surrounding fields and fallow land. The data were analyzed using R software by calculating the importance value index and the population structural parameters (density, basal area, mean height, etc.). The results showed that the floristic composition of the habitats of the five target species varied by climatic zone and disturbance level. Morinda lucida, S. mombin, and V. doniana were available in stands undergoing heavy disturbance in the Guinean zone, whereas T. leiocarpa and C. febrifuga were more available in the Sudano-Guinean and Sudanian zones. Values of structural parameters of these species were higher in the Guinean zone than in the other two zones. Furthermore, the results of the diameter structure showed C-values ranging from 1 to 3.6, suggesting the predominance of young individuals. This suggests strong human pressure on the adults of studied plants. These results should be used to contribute to the sustainable use of these species. Recommendations are made for the sustainable use of these five species, especially T. leiocarpa and C. febrifuga, which were heavily exploited given their low availability in stands under high human disturbance.

Characterization of the phytochemical constituents of methanol extract of <i>Spondias mombin</i> stem bark using high performance-liquid chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectroscopy

Spondias mombin is commonly used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments. This study was aimed to analyze the bioactive components of the methanol extract of S. mombin stem by High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). Quantitative analysis of the extract showed that it had appreciable quantities of flavonoids, phenols, tannins, and proanthocyanidins. The HPLC fingerprints of the extract also revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, other phenols, and steroids. The most prevalent flavonoids were the flavones, and the alkaloids present in high concentrations were ribalinidine and linamarin. Some other phenolics, such as resveratrol, ellagic acid, chlorogenic and pyrogallic, were in high concentration. The GC-MS data detected bioactive compounds; notably among them were 9,12 -octadecadienoic acid (linoleic acid), n-hexadecanoic acid, and 9-oxo nonanoic acid. This study has established the presence of bioactive chemicals in the methanol extract of S. mombin stem bark, and these phytochemicals could be responsible for the plant’s medicinal properties.

Effect of roasting temperature on the physicochemical characteristics, phenolic content and bioactive potential of Spondias spp. seed flours

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of roasting temperature on physicochemical characteristics, phenolic content, and bioactive potential of yellow mombin (Spondias mombin L.) and Brazil plum (Spondias tuberosa) seed flours. The flours were characterized and roasted at 165 °C, 170 °C, 175 °C, and 180 °C for 6 min. After treatment, the samples were evaluated concerning color, total phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, enzyme inhibition and technological properties. Thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry results showed a thermal resistance of the flours up to approximately 200 °C. The color parameters varied significantly between samples, darkening with increasing temperature. Phenolic compounds were partially degraded after roasting. However, the values obtained still guarantee the maintenance of antioxidant capacity, with IC50 (50% radical scavenging activity) values of up to 9.38 mg/mL, and in vitro hypoglycemic activity greater than 70%. Furthermore, all technological properties of the flours remained stable after roasting. Therefore, Spondias spp. seed flours after roasting can be used as a functional ingredient by the food industry.

Reporting the anti-neuroinflammatory potential of selected spondias mombin flavonoids through network pharmacology and molecular dynamics simulations.

Reporting the anti-neuroinflammatory potential of selected spondias mombin flavonoids through network pharmacology and molecular dynamics simulations.

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity and Phytoconstituents of Stem Bark Extract and Vacuum Liquid Chromatographic Fractions of Spondias mombin (Linn)

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity and Phytoconstituents of Stem Bark Extract and Vacuum Liquid Chromatographic Fractions of Spondias mombin (Linn)

Pharmaco-phytochemistry of esters isolated from leaf extracts of Spondias mombin as potential antiviral agents

The present work reports on the isolation and characterisation of two novel antiviral ester compounds from dichloromethane leaf extracts of Spondias mombin (SM). The characterisation and structural elucidation were established from spectroscopic evidence of nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared and mass spectroscopy. The compounds identified were 6-methylheptyl pentadecanoate and 6-methylheptyl-15-(1,2,3,4,4a,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl)pentadecanoate. The novel isolated ester compounds were reported to have anti-rhino virus activity in silico against a known biological target (HsNMT1) that plays a key role in developing therapeutics against the common cold. Molecular docking analysis revealed the binding affinity across all targets within the range of −4.6 to −8.2 kcal/mol, whilst molecular dynamic simulation showed that systems attained good stability due to the maintenance of mean root-mean-square deviation values within the acceptable range of 1.5−2.5 Å. It can be concluded that the novel compounds are potential inhibitory candidates against rhinovirus protein target HsNMT1. However, in vitro and in vivo experiments are further required to validate the possible inhibitory candidates against rhinovirus disease (common cold).

Spondias mombin flavonoids showed super-binder ability with downstream molecular targets of Parkinson's disease: A structural study

Spondias mombin is a prominent botanical resource and has garnered recognition within folkloric therapy. Parkinson's disease (PD), characterized by dopaminergic neuron attrition in the substantia nigra, manifests as motor anomalies like tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia. This study capitalizes on S. mombin's reservoir of 100 characterized phytocompounds and employs computational methodologies to interrogate their potential with 35 PD-associated target proteins. Employing a multifaceted approach, we engaged in molecular docking, ADMET predictions, Molecular Mechanics/Generalized Born Surface Area (MM/GBSA) evaluations, Density Functional Theory (DFT), and Molecular Dynamic Simulations (MDS). This comprehensive framework facilitated insightful structural assessments and predictive analyses. Impressively, flavonoids hailing from S. mombin, including quercetin, catechin, ellagic acid, and epicatechin, showed optimal binding affinities for PD-related target proteins. Moreover, these identified ligands exhibited minimal signs of mutagenicity, tumorigenicity, or irritancy, except for quercetin, which displayed elevated tumorigenic potential. Notably, quercetin and dopamine exhibited varying band gap energies, with quercetin the lowest (3.63 eV) and dopamine the highest (5.76 eV) values. MDS result suggests a synergistic outcome based on the RMSD and RMSF graphs for quercetin highlighting it as the best of all including the co-ligand. In a collective sense, our findings present S. mombin as a promising reservoir of active pharmaceutical ingredients, warranting further exploration for novel PD therapeutic avenues. Consequently, this study underscores the enhanced efficacy of phyto-ligands sourced from S. mombin, advocating their optimization as potential drug candidates.

PHARMACOLOGY OF SPONDIAS MOMBIN IN LIVER CANCER TREATMENT AND TOXICITY EVALUATION

Cancer is among the major causes of death in the world. Spondias mombin is a natural product being accepted as medication for many diseases. This research aimed at evaluating the toxicity potential and pharmacology properties of Spondias mombin leaves in liver cancer treatment. Spondias mombin leaves were shade dried at room temperature and size reduced to powder and extracted using cold maceration. Phytochemical screening of the plant extract was conducted. Six weeks of healthy mice; weighing 22-25g were used. For acute toxicity studies, ten mice were grouped into a normal control group and another group received 2000mg/kg of the extract. The animals were observed closely for 14 days. Twenty-four mice were divided into 4 groups. One group served as control and received only saline at 10mls/kg and the other groups received one percent diethylnitrosamine (DEN) given via peritoneal injection to the mice weekly at a dose of 35mg/kg for six weeks. The remaining three groups received 250 mg/kg, 500 mg, and doxorubicin 2 mg/kg after four weeks of induction. The treatment commenced with the extract while still giving the DEN for cancer induction. The phytochemical analysis shows the presence of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, saponins, tannins, phenolic compounds, steroids, flavonoids, and terpenoids, and the absence of carbohydrates anthraquinones. Animals exposed to the extract and observed for 14 days exhibited no obvious sign of toxicity with zero mortality during the period of observation. There is a slight weight change among the control group between 20.8±3.56 to 25.63 2.60.The creatinine, CL, and HCO3 of the control significantly (P˂0.005) differed from the study groups. There was a slight increase in weight after the first dose, though a steady decrease was noticed following the second, third, and fourth doses of DEN in the mice. ALT and AST were higher in the extract-treated groups compared to both Dox-treated and saline-treated groups. The extract was shown to have no obvious physical sign of toxicity and it doesn’t cause mortality in all the tested animals. Ethanol extract of the plant reversed the loss in weight, deterioration in liver enzymes, and protein production to an extent similar to that of standard anti-cancer agents.

Ethnoveterinary treatment of livestock in Ghana: Cultural importance and consensus on plants used

The traditional free-range system of livestock rearing contributes to the socioeconomic well-being of most rural households in Ghana. The traditional management system exposes livestock to a high disease incidence, but healthcare support for animal production is limited. Ethnoveterinary practice is an integral part of livestock treatment, particularly in rural communities where veterinary services are poor. However, documentation of the plants used for ethnoveterinary treatment of livestock is scant in the country. Given the dearth of information on ethnoveterinary treatment, this study aimed to document the cultural significance and level of agreement of plant species used for treating livestock ailments in the Adaklu district. Ethnoveterinary data were collected from 120 respondents using semi-structured questionnaires. Quantitative ethnobotanical indices were used to ascertain the most culturally significant plant species for livestock healing. It was found that 38 plant species were used to treat various livestock ailments. Ethnobotanical indices revealed that Mangifera indica, Elaeis guineensis, Khaya senegalensis, Spondias mombin, and Physalis peruviana were the most culturally significant plant species for treating livestock ailments. Mangifera indica was found to be the most versatile species for treating livestock ailments and had the highest cultural importance (CI). This study reveals the high cultural importance of plants in the Adaklu district to improve livestock healthcare. The perceived efficacy influences the selection and utilization of a resource for folk medicine. The study recommends isolating and characterizing the active compounds in the most culturally significant plants and testing the properties on the medical conditions attributed to these plants.

Spondias tuberosa and Spondias mombin: Nutritional Composition, Bioactive Compounds, Biological Activity and Technological Applications

The genus Spondias has two species of native trees from Brazil that deserve to be highlighted: Spondias tuberosa (“umbu”) and Spondias mombin (“cajá”). Their fruit contain bioactive compounds which have been associated with several biological activities. However, they remain little exploited in the development of food and pharmaceutical products. In this perspective, the present review summarizes the literature data about the physicochemical and nutritional characteristics, bioactive compounds, potential health benefits, and industrial applications of these fruit, including their pulp, seed, and peel. The current scenery mapping for scientific articles was performed in the Scopus and Web of Science databases. The study also considered patent applications collected in the Derwent database. Results showed an increase in scientific publications in recent years for both species. Many applications are related to food technology; nevertheless, due to the composition of their non-edible fractions, they have the potential for use in biorefinery, being their use an opportunity for bioeconomy. Thus, this review provides a comprehensive overview of these Brazilian native fruit to offer a theoretical foundation and valuable data for future investigations and exploitation.

In vitro comparative study of the ethanol and aqueous extracts of Spondias mombim leaves, stem bark and charcoal on Streptococcus mutans

Plants are increasingly explored for their potential as antimicrobial agents. Spondias mombin plants have been used in folkloric medicine in the treatment of dental health and general health issues.

Comparative Investigation of the Corrosion Protection Efficacy of Spondias mombin Leaf Extracts on AA2024 Alloy and Low Carbon Steel in Acidic Medium

The anti-corrosive property of Spondias mombin (SM) leaves extract on low carbon steel (LCS) and aluminium alloy (AA2024) in 1M HCl solution was investigated using gravimetric and electrochemical methods. The results obtained from the weight loss experiment performed at various temperatures (30, 45, and 60 0C) show that the inhibition efficiency values decreased with temperature rise but increased as the inhibitor concentrations were increased. At 30 0C, optimum inhibition efficiency (IE) of 80.11% and 78.06% were obtained for LCS and AA2024 respectively. The potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) result reveal that an optimum IE values of 92.1% and 74.0% were respectively obtained for LCS and AA2024 while the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) data show IE values of 91.5% and 74.5% for LCS and AA2024 respectively. In all cases, the values of inhibition efficiency obtained for LCS were greater than those obtained for AA2024. This implies that SM leaf extracts offers a better protective-layer on LCS surface compared to the AA2024 alloy in the acidic medium. The isotherm study reveal that Langmuir model best fitted the adsorption of the leaf extracts on LCS while Freundlich model best fitted the leaf extracts adsorption on AA2024 surface.

Antiproliferative and Apoptotic Effects of Murici (Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth and verbascifolia (L.) DC) and Taperebá (Spondias mombin L.) Extracts in Human Prostate Cell Line (PC-3).

The present study aimed to evaluate the antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of extracts obtained from the murici (Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth and verbascifolia (L.) DC) and taperebá (Spondias mombin L.) pulps, on cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis on human prostate cell line (PC-3). Four extract was produced from the pulps: murici aqueous extract (MA), taperebá aqueous extract (TA), murici ethanolic extract (ME) and taperebá ethanolic extract (TE). In the present study, the analysis of cell viability, cell cycle and apoptosis analyze were performed using the MTT method and flow cytometry. The results showed that murici and taperebá extracts proved to be inhibitors of cell growth, modulation of cell cycle promoters and capable of enhancing the death in prostate carcinoma cells PC-3; suggesting a regulatory effect in prostate cell line, depending on type of extract and dosage used. These results open a series of perspectives on the use of these bioactive extracts in the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer.

Simultaneous vehiculation of probiotics and yellow mombin (Spondias mombin L.) seed extract to develop a new vegan multifunctional ingredient

This study aimed to evaluate the simultaneous vehiculation of probiotics and yellow mombin (Spondias mombin L.) seed extract. The 50% ethanol solvent showed the highest efficiency in extracting total phenolic compounds and total sugars. This extract was then evaluated as a fermentation medium for Lactobacillus acidophilus NRRL B-4495 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum NRRL B-4496. As a result, probiotic populations showed a drop of 1.6–2.2 logarithmic cycles and maintained total phenolic content during 48 h of fermentation. L. acidophilus and the yellow mombin seed extract were co-encapsulated by spray drying using maltodextrin (M) or maltodextrin associated with pectin (MP). The M and MP microcapsules showed probiotic encapsulation efficiency above 98% and diameters of 15.18–16.37 μm. Maltodextrin microcapsules showed a higher concentration of total phenolics and MP higher antioxidant activities. The microcapsules showed inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Furthermore, microencapsulation provided over 75% survival of L. acidophilus in the simulated gastric fluid. Therefore, microcapsules containing probiotics and yellow mombin extract are promising multifunctional ingredients for developing new vegan nutraceutical products.

The beneficial role of combinatorial spondias mombin and metformin treatments in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced Pancreatic damage

There is increasing folkloric evidence of the use of the Spondias mombin plant in the management of various illnesses including diabetes. This could be attributed to its anti-hyperglycemic activity. In the same manner, combinatorial therapy has been reported to give a better achievement of glycemic control. On this note, we examined the role of Spondias mombin or Metformin and their combined administrations following streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia and pancreatic damage in Wistar rats.For this study, 10 groups of rats (80–150 g) were utilized (A-J, n = 10). 1 mL/kg of citrate buffer (i.p.) was administered to the experimental control, while Groups B through F & I received Streptozotocin (STZ 60 mg/kg, i.p.), Spondias mombin (600 mg/kg p.o.), (400 mg/kg p.o), (200 mg/kg p.o), metformin (12.5 mg/kg p.o), and Spondias mombin + metformin (12.5 mg/kg) respectively; group B (untreated) while others were treated following hyperglycemia induction. Spondias mombin (400 mg/kg) only and metformin (12.5 mg/kg) only were administered to groups G and H, while J (not-induced) received Spondias mombin + metformin (12.5 mg/kg). Treatment lasted four weeks. The pancreatic tissues were evaluated for histoarchitectural damage with the Hematoxylin and Eosin, Masson Trichome, and Periodic acid Schiff's stains. The Bcl-2 antibody was used to label the Bcl-2 protein for apoptotic changes. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and mean comparisons were done with the Duncan Multiple Range post hoc test. Significant differences were set at p < 0.05.Pancreatic induction with STZ resulted in pancreatic histoarchitectural alterations while Spondias mombin treatment only and combined Spondias mombin treatments with metformin ameliorated these abnormalities. Serum insulin was significantly decreased (p < 0.05), Peritoneal fluid α-Amylase, was significantly increased (p < 0.05), and serum caspase-3 levels were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the STZ-only treated group compared to the control. Spondias mombin, metformin only, and the Spondias mombin+metformin administered groups (C-F, and I) restored these alterations. Bcl-2 Immunoreactivity was in a dose-dependent fashion. The Combined administrations of Spondias mombin and metformin exerted beneficial effects in Streptozotocin-induced pancreatic damage.

FLORISTIC AND PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL COMPOSITION OF THE SQUARES IN THE CITY OF SANTARÉM, PARÁ

The vegetation composition in green areas plays an important role in obtaining ecosystem benefits within these spaces. Therefore, this research aimed to characterize the floristic and phytosociological composition of the tree canopy in the squares of Santarém, Pará. To achieve this, a floristic survey was conducted in 38 squares, considering trees with a height greater than 1.5 m. Taxonomic and phytogeographical information of the trees was identified, and phytosociological parameters such as frequency (AF and RF), density (AD and RD), dominance (ADo and ADr), cover value index (CVI), importance value index (IVI), and Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') were evaluated. A total of 686 trees were identified, with 54.60% of them being native species of Brazil and 45.40% exotic to the country. The Fabaceae family stood out with the highest number of species (19), while Anacardiaceae had the highest number of individuals (219). The species with the highest Af and Rf were Mangifera indica (78.95 - 14.71%) and Moquilea tomentosa (43.74 - 8.33%), and for Da and Dr, Mangifera indica (10.51 - 27.16 ind/ha) and Azadirachta indica (4.72 - 12.21 ind/ha) were prominent. In terms of DoA and DoR, Mangifera indica (7.85 - 48.48 m2/ha) and Spondias mombin (1.67-10.32 m2/ha) were highlighted. In IVI, M. indica also stood out (90.34%). The overall H' for the squares was 2.85, with Parque da Cidade (2.85) and Jati (2.23) squares being the most prominent. Only two squares showed moderate to high diversity (H' &gt; 2.22). The floristic composition is predominantly composed of exotic individuals (54.60%), especially the species M. indica.