Sphere Of Production Research Articles

Impact of digitalization on the sustainability of financial processes in Ukraine

The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of digitalization on the sustainability of financial processes in Ukraine. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were performed in the research process: the concepts and stages of development of digitalization in Ukraine were considered; the impact of digitization on the sustainability of financial processes in Ukraine is investigated. During the research, methods of analysis, synthesis and scientific abstraction were used. It is noted that digitalization has become a general characteristic of most modern financial innovations and is the result of the growing influence of information and communication technologies in the production and financial spheres. Its influence is objective, as it takes into account the increasing influence of information technologies on the general life of mankind, the increase in the level of informatisation among the population and the increase in the number of Internet users. It was also noted that the use of digital technologies helps to increase the speed and efficiency of production processes, performance of works and provision of services. They make it possible to make decisions and implement new ideas in accordance with modern market requirements and consumer needs. The use of digital technologies by financial institutions makes it possible to increase productivity, reduce costs and risks, and improve the quality and availability of products and services. It was noted that digital technologies have a significant impact on the sustainability of financial processes in Ukraine. Key aspects of this impact include: increased efficiency and speed; increasing the availability of financial services; improving control and security; stimulation of innovation and competition; increasing transparency and availability of information. The conclusion notes that digitization in Ukraine is a key factor in the development and modernization of the domestic economy, contributing to its sustainable growth. Evaluating this process, it was found that it opens up new opportunities for improving financial services and strengthening Ukraine's position on the world market.

COMPETITION AS A KEY PROPERTY OF THE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS MARKET

Competition in the agricultural sector results from the unity of conflicting factors: the maximum freedom of activity of market forces and the significant influence of the state on the processes taking place in the industry, which ensures the overall efficiency of social production. Regulation of competition in the agricultural market in developed countries is a developed and expensive system. Currently, it is impossible to provide the same robust support to the agricultural sector in the country, but the principles and methods used for this can be taken into account. Different types of competition are developing in the agri-food market. Intra-industry competition is possible only if production and sales costs are reduced and weak, technically backward enterprises are pushed out of the market. Interindustry competition leads to the redistribution of capital and other resources between industries, taking into account the rate of return. Participation in agriculture in this competition is only possible with state support due to the low speed of capital turnover and high capital intensity in this field. Intra-industry competition initiates technical progress, and inter-industry competition contributes to the structural development of the agricultural industry. To a certain extent, agricultural product markets are characterized by perfect competition, and food markets are characterized by monopolistic competition. It is emphasized that competition covers all spheres of commodity production, distribution, market exchange, and consumption. It manifests differently in each branch of the economy, which is determined by the specifics of their activity. Conducted studies of competition in the market of agricultural raw materials and food indicate the need to strengthen the competitiveness of domestic agricultural products and ensure consumer, quality, and price characteristics of agricultural products, raw materials, and food that are comparable to the world level, regardless of orientation to domestic or foreign markets. It is noted that competition in agriculture is characterized by many competitors on the market and obstacles in the production and sale of agricultural products.

Promotion of Intellectual Activity Results of Scientific Organizations. An Assessment of Potential Demand

The article examines the markets of intellectual activity results (IAR) in Russia. We have conducted an analysis of the costs of innovation activities in terms of the purchase of IAR and R&D in the economy as a whole and in the industrial production sector as the largest one in the context of acquiring IAR. It is shown that the scale of costs for IAR is about 1% of the total expenditures on innovation and has tended to increase in recent years. The costs of purchasing IAR by industry are analyzed; it is shown that the largest amount of expenditures falls on the sphere of industrial production. In this area, the share of IAR acquisition costs is higher than in the economy as a whole and averages 1.5%. We consider the share of IAR purchases from external suppliers. In general, 54.6% of IAR are purchased from third-party organizations, and 59.3% are acquired in industrial production. The costs of purchasing IAR at the expense of own and external sources of financing are analyzed; it is noted that the largest amount of own funds (64.0% against 55.1% in the economy as a whole) is spent in the field of industrial production. Having regard to the scale of the markets, we analyze the best options for IAR protection in cases of various types of organizations. Examples of IAR protection options for large organizations with a substantial volume of output and for small innovative enterprises with a relatively low output rate are considered. The conclusion is made about the expediency of using protection for small companies through the introduction of a trade secret regime. We also carry out an analysis of the costs of research and development purchased from third-party organizations by industry. It is shown that the R&D markets significantly exceed the IAR markets. This also makes the sale of IAR through R&D more attractive than through the sale of licenses. In general, the thesis put forward in the previous article is confirmed. It says that a low activity of working with IAR is determined by economic factors.

Peculiarities of management of enterprises in the sphere of production and sale of alcoholic beverages in Ukraine under conditions of uncertainty

The subject of this study is a set of practical aspects of business management in the market of alcoholic beverages in Ukraine. The object of the study is the process of implementing entrepreneurial activity under conditions of uncertainty. The purpose is to summarise the algorithm of enterprise management in the sphere of alcohol business under conditions of uncertainty and to develop recommendations for improving its efficiency. By interviewing experts, using the methods of observation, synthesis and generalisation, the paper proposes to use certain management tools to improve the efficiency of activities under conditions of uncertainty. The alcohol market has always been, on the one hand, a certain indicator of socio-economic changes, and on the other hand, a testing ground for innovative management tools, as the high marginality of this product and relatively low entry barriers required dynamic changes from within. However, in times of crisis, uncertainty, and even more so in times of war, the requirements for the quality of management increase significantly. That is why it is advisable to analyse the theoretical aspects and practical features of the implementation of management innovations that have been applied at Ukrainian enterprises engaged in the production and sale of alcohol.

Attributes and Trends of Rentified Capitalism

What is rentified capitalism? And, how can we characterise its unfolding into the socio-economic sphere? This paper theoretically and empirically defines attributes and trends of rentified capitalism, that we shall argue, it is more than a stage of capitalism, but it rather represents a new socio-economic paradigm characterised by the primacy of rent accumulation. The functioning of rentified capitalism is based on three mechanisms, namely, appropriation, exclusion and commodification. From income distribution, to financialization, from housing to intellectual property rights, the definition of the ownership structure is nowadays progressively favouring the power of rentiers in the production and redistribution spheres, as such jeopardizing the very capacity of capitalism as a system able to generate new economic value and a social and equitable prosperity.

Increasing the Efficiency of the Value-Chain for Non-Manufacturing Processes: Analytical Approach

The implementation of lean manufacturing principles into both the manufacturing and non-manufacturing sectors makes it possible to achieve a high level of efficiency in many indicators. The presented article deals with the influence of lean production on the methodology of measuring the performance of enterprises in the non-production sphere. Part of the methodology is the analysis of key performance indicators, which serve to calculate the main quantities related to the efficiency of the operation and its optimization. In connection with the definition of different types of losses that have been identified and are successfully reviewed in the production sphere, the most common causes of losses and waste that can occur in the non-production sphere have been defined. Even though the principles of lean production were primarily developed for the production sphere, in the presented article it is possible to see the positive influence of lean principles in the non-production sphere. Customers expect a quick transformation of their requirements into products in the form of a product or service with a certain degree of personalization. Businesses focused on the non-manufacturing sector meet potential customers who are largely active and personalize products for which they are willing to pay. The path of implementing innovative solutions is one of those paths that contributes to positive change and creates prerequisites for moving towards the so-called smart business also in the non-production sphere.

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CONSTRUCTION AND REPAIR OF CIVIL BUILDINGS USING BIM-TECHNOLOGIES

Problem statement. The peculiarities of the construction of civilian buildings consist in ensuring a reduction in energy consumption, costs for their maintenance and a harmonious combination with the urban environment; the cost reduction of buildings that are rented out; reducing the duration of civil buildings construction. In the process of building civil buildings, a large number of uncoordinated operations may occur, which lead to a decrease in the quality of the finished housing and material losses. Thanks to the use of BIM-technologies, it is possible to maximally take into account such inconsistent moments and make the construction process more efficient. Purpose of the article is to analyse the practical experience of BIM-technologies using for the construction and repair of civil buildings, including the use of concrete with polymer addmitures as a material for the repair of civil buildings from the point of view of increasing their service life. Conclusion. Today, the sphere of construction production is changing quite dynamically. More recently, there were no materials that would allow to achieve qualitatively different results. These are primarily polymer additives for concrete, which are currently available in large quantities. However, the use of polymer additives requires a full knowledge of their properties. This is necessary for the reason that such components, in case of non-compliance with the rules of their use, can nullify the efforts of all project participants. If you have a sufficient level of knowledge about the components used by this or that production, there are situations when weather conditions can radically change the result of construction work, but not always in a more favorable direction. It is important to take into account not only information about the interaction of many factors, but also the need to build a civil building that meets the thermal and technical characteristics of modern construction. Not only the profit from the planned project depends on this, but also the living conditions and comfort of many generations of the population of our country.

Small business development in stabilizing Alberta’s economy (Canada)

This paper considers small businesses as an effective sector that solves current problems in the structure of the economy. The study aims to develop a set of measures (tools) for involving small businesses in stabilizing Alberta’s economy. The methodology includes the monitoring of the economy within Alberta’s regional borders over time; statistical analysis of the small business sector before and during the pandemic in the structure of the economy; as well as grouping and converting quantitative measurements into a qualitative summary of the main economic principles. These steps are aimed at developing a set of measures (tools) for involving small businesses in the economy of the province and the country as a whole. The growth of small enterprises ensures a practice focused on productivity, innovation, and society, which is confirmed by the dominant share of small businesses in the gross domestic product created by the dominant share of small businesses in the gross domestic product created by the private sector of the province. Thus, focusing on the economic principles of small businesses, a complex of measures is proposed for mobilization to maximize the economic result at the provincial level in the context of strengthening the national economy. In practice, the findings will help the local government to determine a set of beneficial policies, contributing to the utilization of the advantages of the local economy in the sphere of business production. Entrepreneurs are provided with an opportunity to qualitatively utilize economic opportunities, recognizing the risks of the external environment.

Max Weber’s rationalization processes disenchantment, alienation, or anomie?

The aim of this paper is to analyze which concept describes the central theme in Max Weber’s works — the rationalization processes — best: disenchantment, alienation, or anomie. I first describe how Weber’s rationalization processes were understood in the past. Most scholars have interpreted these processes as disenchantment, although some have seen a stronger affinity to the Marxist concept of alienation. Since the majority have regarded disenchantment as the central theme of Weber’s legacy, I discuss Weber’s rare statements about the disenchantment process, most of which appear in a speech that was published later as Science as a Vocation. I then introduce definitions of key concepts (Hegelian alienation, Marxist alienation, Durkheimian anomie, and de-magification) to provide a more varied and precise vocabulary. This will aid in describing at least two different rationalization processes that can be derived from Weber’s theoretical framework (Economy and Society) and his historical studies. The first, in the economic and political sphere, can be characterized as Marxist alienation, whereas the second, in the religious sphere, can be interpreted as de-magification and Hegelian alienation. It is possible to regard Weber’s statement in Science as a Vocation as a third rationalization process, in the sphere of knowledge production, which would suggest the concepts of de-magification and anomie. However, such a reading would seem to contradict the greater body of Weber’s methodological writings. Finally, it is concluded that the term disenchantment is not a very useful concept for portraying Weber’s intended view.

The participation of the USSR in development of penicillin industry in the Eastern Europe

The article considers on the basis of analysis of archival documents issue of rendering assistance by the Soviet Union to the countries of Eastern Europe to organize production of penicillin. It is established that by the mid of 1950s, modern powerful plants were launched in Bulgaria, Romania and Czechoslovakia by the forces of Soviet engineers . Their construction was carried out on preferential terms for countries-customers. The mutually beneficial cooperation in sphere of production of antibiotics carried out and with other countries of this region. It is demonstrated that the USSR, performing task of enormous humanitarian significance in conditions of the Cold War, simultaneously implemented another goal - formation of loyalty of population of these countries and organization of coalition of friendly states on its Western borders.

Striving for control over migrant labour and lives: Indonesian factory workers in Taiwan

This article explores how Indonesian factory workers in Taiwan strive to regain control over time, space, meaning, and dignity in the face of their exploitation, precarity, and racialisation. Drawing on ethnographic insight, I investigate migrant workers’ subjective practices both inside and outside their workplaces. The major contribution to labour mobility regime analysis lies in conceptualising how migrant workers exert agency on an everyday level, beyond formal labour organising. The focus on the everyday brings me, on the one hand, to labour processes at different Taiwanese workplaces that employ migrant workers. On the other, it brings me to the sphere of daily reproduction, that is, time outside waged labour. The article speaks to the central concern of this themed issue, namely theorising the role of social reproduction within labour mobility regimes, as I address the inseparable spheres of production and reproduction as sites of control and agency. I show that, on the shopfloor, Indonesian migrant workers’ practices of regaining control often remain individualised. It is in the sphere of daily reproduction where Indonesian factory workers organise collectively. The workers’ practices are rich and creative, but at the same time they are ambiguous and can result in consent, compliance, or conflict with capital’s attempt to seek profit from migrant labour. Nevertheless, they reveal migrant workers’ interests and desires as well as a (subtle) refusal of their conditions and of the control over their work and lives. This refusal defies victimising representations of migrant labour and paternalistic approaches to migrant workers’ protection.

Current Issues of Methodology of Wholesale Turnover Analysis

Wholesale trade is the buying and selling of products in large volume. Products are purchased in bulk from manufacturers and then delivered to retail stores. The transfer of goods from the sphere of production to the sphere of consumption is called commodity circulation. Merchandise turnover, in turn, is divided into wholesale and retail turnover. As a rule, due to the conditions of production and circulation, goods must go through the intermediate links of production, turnkey and trade in order to be brought directly from the production to the consumer. The operations of buying and selling goods between intermediate links are called wholesale turnover. As a result of wholesale turnover, the goods do not yet pass into the sphere of personal consumption, they continue to circulate in the sphere of circulation, are transferred to the disposal of some retail trade or industrial processing, and then again participate in the circulation of goods. Thus, in order to bring goods into the retail trade network, intermediary links are needed, which carry out wholesale goods turnover. These are mainly distributors, who play a major role in the organization of goods circulation in the shortest way to bring goods to the retail network, speed up their turnover and reduce circulation costs. It is possible that the manufacturer supplies the goods to the retail store himself and does not have an intermediary (distributor) engaged in wholesale trade. In the conditions of the market economy, the study of the issues of perfecting the wholesale and retail turnover analysis methodology is one of the topical topics, since these two forms of business (wholesale and retail trade) are important intermediaries of the marketing channel, and in the absence of these two links, the entire chain will fail. Keywords: wholesale turnover, retail turnover, price index, volume index, dynamic line, growth rate, trend, sales forecast, coefficient of variation, mean square deviation, coefficient of homogeneity.

Impact of quantum technologies on innovation processes in the global economy

The article examines the impact of quantum technologies on innovation processes in the global economy. It analyzes the critical aspects of integrating quantum technologies in various sectors of the economy, particularly in the financial, health care, production, and IT spheres. Theoretical models and empirical data confirming how quantum technologies can accelerate innovation processes, increase research efficiency, and create new economic opportunities are considered. The article also provides practical recommendations for strategic planning and management of innovation processes in the conditions of the quantum revolution. Special attention is paid to the importance of an interdisciplinary approach and cooperation between business and the state. The author noted that the modern economy is on the threshold of a new era, where quantum technologies play a decisive role, which represents a new class of tools capable of radically changing traditional approaches to data processing, security, and computing. Quantum computers, quantum cryptography and quantum communication open opportunities for the economy that can accelerate the development of new materials, optimize logistics chains and increase the level of data security. At the same time, the article highlights the need to develop global standards in the field of quantum technologies. The results of the research will contribute to a better understanding of the potential of quantum technologies to stimulate innovation and increase the competitiveness of the economy. Keywords: quantum technologies, global economy, innovation processes, quantum cryptography, quantum computing, quantum modeling, quantum communication, economic models, quantum algorithms, cyber security, logistics optimization, risk management, economic growth, financial markets, health care, production, quantum networks, development strategies, digital economy, technological revolution.

Management practices and partial government ownership in the Middle East and North Africa

AbstractA wealth of evidence has shown the positive effects of better management practices on firms. More recent evidence has highlighted that ownership matters for several developing and advanced economies. However, this relationship has not been studied extensively for economies in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), a region where the presence of the government in the productive sphere looms large. This study addresses a gap in the literature by exploring how partial government ownership can influence management practices of medium and large formal firms in the MENA. Using two waves of Enterprise Surveys undertaken in 2013 and 2019/2020, the evidence points at a negative relationship between partial government ownership and management practices in the developing MENA region. The findings pass several robustness checks.

Strategic aspects of increasing efficiency of economic activity of industrial enterprises

The article is devoted to the topical issues of the domestic industry. The authors consider the category of “the efficiency of economic activity” as a target landmark in the activity of an industrial enterprise. This landmark is a combination of parameters characterizing the accumulated effect level caused by the company’s improvement of the organization of operational process. The authors study the efficiency not as a leading objective of the company’s activity but as a result of its development strategy and within the framework of the strategy. Digitalization of a company’s business process is a tool which ensures creating conditions for improving the efficiency of an industrial company’s economic activity. The article determines the significance of digitalization in the industry for improving the efficiency of the company’s activity. And major attention is focused on the peculiar features of digitalization in the sphere of industry. The authors give grounds for its role in the activity of enterprises, pointing out that digitalization contributes to improving the mechanism of its regulation as well as provides for the company’s economic effect.The purpose of the article is to study digitalization in the context of its impact on the efficiency of the economic activity of an industrial enterprise, and to consider the opportunities and challenges of digitalization of the industrial production sphere. In accordance with the purpose the authors have set the tasks connected with studying scientific categories of “the efficiency of economic activity: and “strategic development”, examining strategic issues of improving the efficiency of the activity of industrial enterprise, overviewing the peculiar features of digitalization of industrial production which determine the priorities for future development of the domestic economics.The theoretical and methodological basis of the study includes scientific achievements of the scientific school of strategizing under the Lomonosov Moscow State University as well as scientific achievements of domestic and foreign researchers regarding the issues of improving the efficiency of economic activity of enterprises. To justify the results the authors use the combination of research methods and approaches of analysis and synthesis, comparison, generalization, scientific abstraction.

Professional education and the needs of modern Russian industry

Aim. To identify the correspondence of the level of professional training of graduates of higher and secondary educational institutions to the needs of modern industry on the example of St. Petersburg enterprises, as well as to assess the dynamics of changes in the basic competencies of new employees coming from the educational environment to the labor collectives.Objectives. To determine the quality of interaction between the educational and industrial spheres on the example of St. Petersburg; to assess the level and dynamics of changes in professional knowledge and skills, social qualities and universal competencies of graduates of St. Petersburg higher and secondary vocational educational institutions.Methods. On the basis of employers’ survey the quality of training of graduates of St. Petersburg higher and secondary vocational educational institutions was assessed by such indicators as the level of professional knowledge and skills, social qualities and universal competences. The results of the monitoring were compared and the dynamics of changes in recent years in the quality of training of young specialists according to the main requirements of employers was revealed.Results. The degree of interaction between industrial structures and the system of professional education in the conditions of increasingly complex economic situation and social transformations is determined. The role of the enterprise as an economic unit is shown, modern labor relations in the production team are characterized. The parameters of employers’ assessment of the quality of training of graduates of St. Petersburg higher and secondary vocational educational institutions are proposed. On the basis of employers’ data, the level and dynamics of changes in professional knowledge and skills, social qualities and universal competencies of graduates of St. Petersburg higher and secondary vocational educational institutions who were hired in 2014-2022 in the St. Petersburg production sphere were assessed. Conclusions. The directions of activation of interaction between the education system and industrial production, professional orientation of young people, formation of the creative component both in the educational process and in the production team have been proposed. The efficiency of measures on formation of progressive labor market on the basis of improvement of quality of preparation of graduates of higher and secondary professional educational institutions employed at enterprises, their quick adaptation in the conditions of production process and labor relations is determined.

Температурные изменения в мясных изделиях при жарке в пароконвекционных печах

Combination steam ovens, or combi steamers, have entered all spheres of food production, including the meat industry. Their rational use requires a scientific and practical foundation. This research featured the changes in mean volume temperature and temperature gradient that occur in meat products (one-dimensional bodies with different nutrient compositions) during heat treatment in dry air and a steam-air mix.
 The research involved two samples of meat products with different moisture and fat contents. The chicken fillet sample had a moisture content of 74.5% and a fat content of 1.9% while the pork shoulder sample had a moisture content of 55.1% and a fat content of 29.4%. Shaped as a one-dimensional cylinder and a plate, the samples were subjected to heating at the temperature range of 160–240°C in a Unox-203G steam-convection oven (Italy). Dry air and a steam-air mix with a humidity of 80–85% served as a heating medium. The temperature was measured using thermocouples attached to a Sosna-004 meter.
 The research revealed some patterns in the mean volume temperature and temperature gradient. The temperature gradient involved three stages during processing in a steam-air mix and four stages when treated with dry air. The change in the mean volume temperature for the steam-air mix could be described by a power law equation; the dry air treatment was described using a linear equation. When heated in dry air, the rate of change in the temperature gradient was constant at first but started to decrease at a certain stage. The change rate in the mean volume temperature remained low for 5 min and started to increase onwards, maintaining its value until the end of the process. When heated in a steam-air mix, the change rate in the temperature gradient dropped to its minimum in 4–5 min and started to grow. The mean volume temperature demonstrated a high change rate during the first 5 min and went down. The chicken fillet with its low fat content warmed up faster by 13–26% when processed in a steam-air mix and by 9–23% when treated in dry air. The plate-shaped products needed longer heat treatment. The composition and form had no significant effect on the nature of the change in the temperature gradient and mean volume temperature.
 The obtained dependencies made it possible to select the optimal temperature and humidity conditions for convective frying of meat products.

Main directions of implementing research results of artificial intelligence systems into domestic production

Speaking about the need to create technological sovereignty in the sphere of the domestic economy production, we realize how multidimensional and costly in all types of resources is the activity that has critical time constraints. In addition to sovereignty as a concept in the broad sense, technological sovereignty is created to increase the efficiency of Russian economic activity. One of the directions of increasing the production activities efficiency is the so-called production digitalization. This notion is fundamentally different from the production processes automation of the 1970s and 1980s. With the advent of the Internet and space navigation capabilities of modern astronautics, the approach and level of tasks in organizing human life have completely changed. Wireless communication, the Internet of Things, unmanned vehicle including aircraft are the terms of the XXI century. The purpose of the study is to define the theoretical principles of digitalization in the manufacturing process for those who are interested in this issue. The authors also attempt to provide a summary of popular classifications of digital technologies by functionality and application sectors. Based on the theoretical principles of digitalization and the given classification, we identify the main directions of production digitalization.

Systems analysis and mathematical modeling of partially two-stage processes of material flow distribution

The partially two-stage process of material flow distribution in a logistics system is considered, which consists of enterprises that produce certain products and sell them directly to consumers or through distribution centers. It is assumed that the demand for products is continuously distributed throughout the territory of a certain region. The purpose of the work is to reduce transportation and organizational costs associated with the sale and storage of finished products for a network of production enterprises by developing models and methods of optimization tasks that allow determining the quantity, capacity, and coordinates of distri-bution centers and organizing logistics processes, rationally distributing transportation and material flows among all participants in the logistics process. The relevance of the work is due to the creation of territorially distributed multilevel companies that carry out the entire production cycle from raw material procurement with its comprehensive use, production of products to transportation to end consumers through distribution centers. The mathematical support of the formulated placement-distribution tasks is developed using the basic provisions of the theory of continuous problems of optimal subset division with the placement of subset centers, duality theory, linear programming methods of the transport type, modern algorithms of non-differentiable optimization. The presented models and algorithms allow solving a whole range of strategic planning problems that arise in the production, social, and economic spheres of activity.

Influence of Educational and Socio-Economic State Programs on Staffing of Specialists: Status and Significance

The current state of human resources leaves much to be desired, in particular, it concerns the production (engineering and activities with innovative technologies) and educational spheres. The paper identifies the problems of non-professionals’ dominance in the workplace in ascending order: from obvious ignorance in terms of educational process and lack of motivation to the mismatch between theoretical knowledge and practice. It is impossible to carry out innovative transformations in different spheres of human activity, modernize the ways of obtaining, processing, using information and introducing IT-technologies, if we do not analyze the usual types of production and scientific environments. For example, such as personnel incompetence, economic recession, inconsistency of the level of education with the occupied position, etc. Reasoning about the current environment leads to the long-known expression: “specialists (personnel) decide everything”. Achieving transformation and improvement of the economy, science, security, getting rid of incompetence, lack of motivation and subjectivism in the workplace is possible only by mastering professional knowledge of a particular profession.