Speed Of Thinking Research Articles

Activation of Students' Cognitive Activity through Physical and Health-Improving Activities

The methodology for developing cognitive activity through physical and health-improving activities is thoroughly examined for primary school students. Regarding the methodology for developing cognitive activity through physical and health-improving activities for middle school students, there are practically few developments, and recommendations are often given in a general form. Thus, the issue of the impact of physical and health- improving activities on the cognitive activity of middle school students is still largely unexplored and has not yet received scientific substantiation. The article determines the influence of the level of physical working capacity on the cognitive activity of 6th-grade students. A method for activating cognitive activity through small forms of physical culture is presented. The study involved the analysis of literary sources and internet resources; analysis of students' academic performance; research on physical working capacity; speed of thinking; determination of the average academic score; mathematical statistics methods using the SPSS program: the Kolmogorov-Smirnov one-sample test; Pearson correlation.

ВИКОРИСТАННЯ КОМП’ЮТЕРНИХ ТЕСТ-ТРЕНАЖЕРІВ ДЛЯ ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ І РОЗВИТКУ ПСИХОФІЗІОЛОГІЧНИХ ЯКОСТЕЙ ЮНИХ СПОРТСМЕНІВ

The current task for coaches nowadays is to choose an adequate method for assessing psychophysiological abilities, diagnosing, and further developing the psychophysiological qualities of young athletes to organize and correct training and competitive processes. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of computer test simulator programs for developing the psychophysiological qualities of young athletes, individualizing, and optimizing their training process. Using computer test simulators with the programs "MY_TIMER" and "FISHKI.INI", psychophysiological indicators were measured before and after training in five repetitions among 14 schoolchildren aged 12-14 from a secondary education institution. Statistical data processing was conducted using Microsoft Excel. Results: Unreliable differences (p ≥ 0.5) were found between the psychophysiological parameters of young swimmers before and after training. During the computer testing process, increases were observed in the total working time for each of the five tasks (indicating improved speed of thinking) by 18.5%, and in minimum, average, and maximum movement time by 14.3%, 11.1%, and 8.3%, respectively. However, the thinking factor decreased by 16% after training, which impedes the ability to perform operational tasks impromptu. Exercising in areas of high and moderate power leads to fatigue in the cortex of the large hemispheres of the brain, where operational control is carried out. Consequently, young athletes experience both physical and mental fatigue after training. The use of computer test simulators for determining and developing the psychophysiological indicators of young athletes is relevant, promising, and effective. These tools allow for the scientific substantiation of individualized training loads and the rapid assessment of athletes' current functional states. The "FISHKI.INI" program should be used for diagnosing and further developing psychophysiological qualities such as attention, operational thinking, and the dominance of figurative or visual-action thinking. This program enables the quantitative assessment of young athletes' characteristics and improves these qualities with high efficiency through the use of computer test simulators.

Age and gender differences in the level of motor docility, selected cognitive and motor-cognitive abilities of olderschool-age children

Background: The purpose of the study was to extend knowledge about the level of motor docility and selected cognitive and motor-cognitive abilities among secondary school students. Materials and Methods: A total of 43 children participated in the study. The Iowa Brace test was administered to assess the motor docility level. The motor-cognitive abilities were assessed by the Witty SEM system. The cognitive abilities were assessed by psychological tests that focused on attention, intellectual potential, and memory. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine the significance of gender differences in the level of motor docility and selected cognitive and motor-cognitive abilities of the students. The Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance was used to determine the significance of differences between age groups. Results: The results indicate a low level of motor docility and cognitive abilities which may be caused by the quantity and quality of the acquired motor experience. Conclusion: Significant differences were observed in tests assessing the speed of thinking (BSQ) and in the mean reaction time in the speed of thinking test (BSRT), especially between the group with the lowest level of motor docility (0-4 points) and the group with a motor docility level at 10-12 points.

Post-Intensive Care Syndrome in Patients Suffering From Acute Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Results From an Outpatient Post-ICU Aftercare Clinic.

Introduction Survivors of an acute subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) may suffer from a long-term neurological disability, cognitive impairment, anxiety, and depression, which can also be related to post-intensive care syndrome (PICS). The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of PICS symptoms in post-intensive care (ICU) aftercare aSAH patients. Methods We conducted an observational cohort study in aSAH patients from a post-ICU aftercare clinic (ICU-AC). PICS symptoms were evaluated using the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and a medical questionnaire for physical and cognitive functioning. Results A total of 110 patients were included. The prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms was 23.6% and 19.1%, respectively. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was seen in 26.4%. Cognitive complaints were lack of concentration (63.6%), short-term memory loss (45.8%), and reduced speed of thinking (60.9%). The most reported physical complaints were fatigue (73.6%), limitations in daily activity (72.7%), muscle weakness (41.8%), pain (36.4%), and weight loss (30.9%). PICS symptoms related to all three domains were present in 30% of patients. Conclusion The prevalence of PICS in patients after aSAH is high. Even in patients without aSAH-related neurological impairment who were discharged home, a high prevalence of PICS symptoms was reported. Early screening for PICS should comprise all three domains and is important to facilitate a better tailored rehabilitation of these patients.

A többműszakos munkavégzés biztonsági kihívásai a rend- és honvédelmi szerveknél

Összefoglalás. A krónikus napközbeni aluszékonyság és a vele járó figyelemzavar igen gyakori panasz, amely jelentősen rontja a munkavégzés teljesítményét, az életminőséget, összetett mechanizmus révén gátolja a mentális funkciókat, gyakran vezethet – munkahelyi és közlekedési balesetek okozójaként – fatális következményhez is. A krónikus napközbeni aluszékonyság mint panasz mögött a krónikus alvás depriváció mellett az elsődleges alvászavarokat kell keresnünk. Summary. Police and military service, at the appropriate level of care, require neuropsychological functions from the service provider such as constant vigilance, sustained attention and concentration, and the compulsion to make quick, responsible decisions. However, the service is often accompanied by difficult external conditions, such as monotony, harsh weather factors, or shift work, which place a heavy burden on the service provider. In both police and military service, in addition to a varied shift schedule, we often expect special mental and physical performance from those serving. However, a multi-shift schedule breaks the circadian rhythm of service, causing metabolic and hormonal changes, and can have a profound effect on one’s behavior and one can remain deeply inferior to oneself during a given performance. Not everyone is adaptable to such conditions, especially those with primary sleep disorders. Therefore, it is particularly important to recognize those suffering from primary sleep disorders among multi-shift workers. People with severe obstructive sleep apnea have an abnormally high degree of daytime sleep and their attention, concentration, vigilance, work and cognitive performance decline significantly compared to their peers in multi-shift work conditions. Much of the experience gained in the field of sleep disorders becomes a practice in the field of occupational health. One of our main goals was to make the diagnosis, treatment and screening of diseases belonging to this professional and scientific topic. The Military Health Sleep Diagnostic Laboratory is tasked with screening out dyssomnia sufferers from performing under special multi-shift conditions. During military service, in modern warfare, the importance of multi-shift work schedules, the continuous standby system, and work periods of different than usual duration and content have increased. All of this has significantly changed the demands on human performance during waking hours and the role of sleep in regeneration, restoration, preparation. In parallel with these requirements, unwanted drowsiness and exhaustion also increased in everyday work, and manifested itself in errors and accidents during operational actions. Sleep deprivation fundamentally affects cognitive areas such as speed of thinking, decision making, divergent thinking, executive functions, emotions, understanding humor, memory, morality, risk taking, and alertness. A number of special functions are associated with the prefrontal cortex. Judgment, decision making, impulse control, attention, and visual association are related to this part of the cerebral cortex. This area of the cortex is very vulnerable and, as a result of sleep deprivation, a disturbance of the functions represented here can be observed. Sleep disorders severely and often unexpectedly limit mental and physical performance. They can cause serious confusion during training, exercise, and tactical and operational activities, so knowledge of them is important for prevention, interpretation, and effective therapy. Sleep disorders can occur in greater numbers due to the special conditions of police and military service.

The influence of underwater work on the functions of attention, thinking, fine muscle coordination and subjective assessment of the state of the body of divers

Introduction. Currently, there is an increasing need for the study and development of the World Ocean, including for the purpose of laying deep-water pipelines, searching for new sources of minerals, etc. The performance of special tasks by divers at great depths has its own characteristics. The high cost of error, harmful working conditions - all this dictate the need for continuous receipt and analysis of scientific material on the preservation and promotion of health, ensuring their longevity, as well as the adaptation of divers to the nature and conditions of professional activity in order to prevent the occurrence of errors. The study aims to explore the functions of attention and thinking of a person, his fine muscular coordination and subjective assessment of the state of the body of divers, as elements of the functional state of the body, when working underwater. Materials and methods. We examined 18 divers, divided into two groups: the first - ten people made daily descents to a depth of 18 m, the second group - eight people dived to a depth of 56 m. Before and after diving, the divers underwent a psychophysiological examination to assess the function of attention (the method of the correction test with Landolt rings), the function of thinking (the method of the arithmetic test "addition in mind"), fine muscle coordination (the method of macrography) and subjective assessment of the state (the SAN questionnaire (state of health - activity-mood)). Results. During diving operations, there was a decrease in subjective self-assessment of the state of the body (SAN test), an increase in the number of errors (correction test with Landolt rings - attention function) and the values of the height index of numbers (macrography technique - fine muscle coordination), a decrease in the speed of thinking depending on the depth, the multiplicity of diving descents, as well as the dive itself (regardless from depth and multiplicity) on the functional state of divers. There were most pronounced changes during prolonged work (3-5 days or more) and when diving to a depth of 56 m. Conclusion. The dynamics of objective indicators and subjective assessment of the state of the body indicates that with an increase in the depth of immersion (from 18 to 56 m), the multiplicity of diving descents (daily immersion for 5 days) and the dive itself, the self-esteem of the state, the speed of thinking, attention, fine muscle coordination decreases. Ethics. The study was conducted in compliance with the Ethical principles of conducting medical research with human participation as a subject, set out in the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association.

Психофізіологічні характеристики спортсменів як чинник системи підготовки у водному поло

At the present stage of sports development the intensity and volume of training sessions have increased to physiological maximum, requirements for technical and tactical training of highly qualified players and the duration of their stay in the sports arena have increased, so coaches, scientists and doctors are looking for reserves to improve performance. In recent years, differentiated approaches to the training of athletes at different stages of long-term training, taking into account the psychophysiological characteristics of athletes, have been successfully implemented in various sports. Given these trends, there is an urgent question of approach to technical and tactical training of water polo players, taking into account their psychophysiological characteristics. The purpose of the study was to determine the role of individual psychophysiological characteristics in the system of training athletes in water polo. Materials and methods. In the course of the research, we used the methods of theoretical analysis and generalization of literary sources, documentary method. In order to conduct a survey of water polo coaches, we conducted a survey. In order to analyze and process the results of the questionnaire, we used the methods of mathematical statistics. Results and discussion. To conduct a survey of water polo coaches, we developed a questionnaire that included questions about the specifics of water polo training, identifying the most talented water polo players in the early stages of long-term training and psychophysiological characteristics in the water polo training system. In the course of the research, we conducted a survey of water polo coaches on the peculiarities of taking into account the individual psychophysiological characteristics of athletes in the system of training in water polo. As a result of the survey, it was determined that psychophysiological characteristics are an important component of the system of training athletes in water polo. The most significant psychophysiological characteristics for water polo players of different game roles are determined. Conclusion. The study found that all coaches we interviewed (100%) believe it is necessary to take into account the psychophysiological characteristics of athletes in the selection and construction of training athletes in water polo. Psychophysiological characteristics of athletes are one of the most informative criteria for gifted athletes in water polo in the early stages of long-term training, according to 43% of respondents, along with anthropometric data of athletes (14%) and motivation for water polo (29%). As a result of the survey, respondents noted the most effective psychophysiological characteristics for different game roles, in particular for goalkeepers it is the speed of simple and complex motor reactions, for defenders – the ability to anticipate. For midfielders it is speed of thinking and decision making and for attackers it is speed of motor reactions and speed of thinking

Review on the Different Approach between Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease

Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease are disorders which are commonly affects the brain. However, Parkinson’s disease affects the speed of thinking and memory including cognitive functions, whereas Alzheimer’s affects memory and words. With this reviewed article, this information about twodisorders which are very seriously in modern disease will help you prepare for a healthy 100-year-old. 

THE HUMAN CAPITAL: VITAL, SOFT, HARD, META AND MENTAL SKILLS

The article is devoted to there search of skills that form the human capital. The need for research is due to the transformation of social spaсe in general, as well as with changes in economic, educational and labor relations. These transformations have affected human professional activities and showed that a person is weak being faced with changes in the external and internal environment. There search revealed that the division of all skills into hard skills and soft skills, which takes place in modern science, has no exact basis. However, this division is very important, because these skills are necessary for a person to carry out successful professional activities. The research also showed that the isolated vital skills are not studied and do not have an exact terminological definition. In this regard, the authors proposed to single out mental skills and meta skills separately. The authors gave definitions and the list of skills that make up both groups. As a mental skills were named: 1) fast decision-making, fast retrieval of information from memory, quickability to react, rapid adaptation to changing rules, quick selection of required parameters for solving problems, which are due to the speed of thinking; 2) ability of a person to change his behavior in a changed situation, changing roles, ability to assess effects, ability to run multiple jobs in parallel, effectively switching from one task to another, planning the best effective ways to solve the problem, ability to solve complex problems, neutralization of routine work, which are determined by flexibility of thinking. Meta skills included logical thinking, critical thinking, analogical thinking, creative thinking, tactical and strategic thinking. At the end of the study, it was concluded that the implementation of all types of skills forms human capital. Human capital, in turn, comes into clash with other human capitals and in interaction with them and forms a human resource.

Games for Science Education: is this technique effective for developing students' creativity and scientific competence?

The authors examine the pros and cons of games in the context of increasing students' creativity and scientific competence. Research materials and methods consisted of two tests. The first included the use of 7 pedagogical methods that are valid for the mental diagnosis of students: speed of thinking; method of thinking flexibility; method of determining the level of imagination and others. After the first testing, the training program included techniques for playing chess (in the classroom and online) and sand animation (in the classroom). Re-testing was carried out to assess the effectiveness of the programs. The study results showed that play activities improve the quality of student learning both in the classroom and online and enhance the functioning of many processes, including the speed and flexibility of thinking, memory capacity and attentiveness. This study demonstrates that play activities used in the educational process can play a positive role in teaching students. Further research needs to focus on studying the role of age, gender and race in play activities and determine how these factors affect performance.
 
 Keywords: chess, cognitive processes, natural science education, pedagogical methods, performance, play activity, thinking

GROUP DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM UNTUK MENENTUKAN KENAIKAN JABATAN MENERAPKAN METODE GAP PROFILE MATCHING

The aims of this study is to build a Group Decision Support System (GDSS) application to determine employee promotions. There are three assessment teams in this GDSS, namely the general manager, HRD 1 and HRD 2. This is expected to reduce subjectivity in determining employee promotions. There are two criteria used, namely work attitude and intellectual capacity. Each criterion has several sub-criteria. The work attitude criteria consist of 8 sub-criteria, namely appearance, discipline, ability to accept opinions, motivation, self-confidence, courtesy, responsibility and honesty. Intellectual capacity criteria consist of 4 sub-criteria, namely knowledge insight, communication, speed of thinking and loyalty. The application of the GAP Profile Matching method has been proven to improve the performance of the GDSS. This method is recommended as one of the appropriate methods to select employees who have the most appropriate profile with the job profile. In this method, the smaller the GAP between the employee profile, the greater the opportunity for the employee to be able to occupy the position offered.

FEATURES OF NEUROCOGNITIVE IMPAIRMENTS IN PATIENTS WITH MILD COGNITIVE DISORDER OF DIFFERENT ETIOLOGY

Introduction. Mild cognitive disorder (MCD) is a heterogeneous syndrome that involves problems with memory, speech, and thinking that are inconspicuous and do not affect the patient's independence and daily life. The article considers similarities and differences in the neurocognitive profiles of patients with mild cognitive disorders of various etiologies. Materials and methods. We examined 60 people: 30 subjects aged 50 to 83 years with a mild cognitive disorder of various etiologies and 30 relatively healthy individuals as the control group. All patients underwent a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination of the brain. We used the psychometric method and the following scales: the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA), the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog), the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR); the results were analyzed using the method of statistical processing. Results. According to the results of neurocognitive testing, no significant differences were found in the total scores (p = 0.6209), in particular, using the MMSE scale in patients with non-anamnestic (nMCD) and anamnestic (aMCD) мild cognitive disorder and мild cognitive disorder (aMCD). However, patients with nMCD showed significantly lower results with subtests: "attention and calculation" (p = 0.0443). According to the MoCA scale, patients with nMCD had a higher score vs. patients with aMCD (p = 0.0457), namely in the "delayed recall" subtests (p = 0.0102). Patients with nMCD had significantly lower results with the "attention and calculation" subtest (p = 0.0468). No significant differences were found between the groups of patients with MCD according to the results of testing with the FAB scale (p = 0.4778). According to some subtests of the ADAS-cog scale, patients with aMCD showed worse results with the "word recall" test (p = 0.0069) and "word recognition" (p = 0.0350). In patients with nMCD, lower scores were observed for the subtests "concentration and distractibility" (p = 0.0468), "number cancellation task" (p = 0.0217), and "passing the labyrinth" (p = 0.0015). Patients with aMCD showed significantly lower cognitive abilities than patients with nMCD. Consequently, patients with aMCD may be significantly at high risk of progression to Alzheimer's disease. Conclusions. After comparing the data of neurocognitive profiles, we established that in patients with anamnestic мild cognitive disorder, the clinical picture presented with a pronounced memory disorder, especially delayed recall, while the patients with non-anamnestic мild cognitive disorder were characterized by regulatory cognitive impairment (attention and calculation, reduced speed of thinking, impaired planning of activities). The MoCA and ADAS-cog scores had better diagnostic accuracy and specificity for the detection and differential diagnosis of mild cognitive disorders than the MMSE scale.

Assessment of Intelligence with Creativity the Need for a Comprehensive Approach

ABSTRACT Assessments of intelligence have neglected to examine creativity in most test batteries, thus inhibiting a complete understanding of cognitive functioning. This study aimed to analyze whether creativity could be combined with intelligence in a group test battery (BAICA- Intelligence and Creativity Battery) and to verify whether creativity was related to fluid and crystallized intelligence tasks or if it was an independent factor. The sample was composed of 450 individuals (299 F, 151 M) living in 6 Brazilian states, with ages ranging from 14–50 years old (M = 21.42, SD = 7.70). Seven tasks related to fluid intelligence (Gf; logical thinking, visual spatial ability, visual memory, speed of thinking) and crystallized intelligence (Gc; synonyms, antonyms, verbal analogies), along with 3 tasks related to creative thinking (Cr; fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration) were studied through confirmatory factor and network analyses. The results indicated better adjustment indices for Model 3, which was composed of the G factor explained by Gf (including analogies), Gc and Cr. The network analysis confirmed the relationships among these factors and the same pattern for both sexes. In conclusion, there is a need to integrate creativity as a distinct construct for assessing intelligence to obtain a better comprehension of human potential.

Using health check data to investigate cognitive function in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders living with diabetes in the Torres Strait, Australia

BackgroundType 2 Diabetes (T2DM) has a subtle deleterious effect on cognition and imposes a higher lifetime risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. In populations where both T2DM and dementia are highly prevalent, understanding more about the early effects of T2DM on cognition may provide insights into the lifetime risks of this disease.MethodsIn 2016, 186 Australian Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander residents of the Torres Strait (54% female, mean age =38.9 years, SD =15.9, range =15–74) participated in a community health check. The effect of diabetes (Type 1 or Type 2) on speed of thinking and working memory was assessed with the Cogstate Brief Battery (CBB) during the health check.ResultsOne third of participants had diabetes (n = 56, 30.1%). After adjusting for age, education and previous iPad/Tablet experience, participants with diabetes had a small, yet significant reduction in accuracy on the One Back working memory task (β = −.076, p = .010, r 2 = .042). The effect was most pronounced among participants with diabetes aged 20–49 years (n = 20), who also had evidence of poorer diabetes control (eg HbA1c% ≥6.5, 76.6%), relative to participants with diabetes aged 50 years and over (n = 31) (HbA1c% ≥6.5, 32.0%, p = .005).ConclusionsEarly and subtle decrements in working memory may be a potential complication of diabetes among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander residents of the Torres Strait. Several potentially influential variables were not captured in this study (eg medication and diabetes duration). Greater preventative health resources are required for this population, particularly given the emerging elevated dementia rates linked to chronic disease.

Formation of conscious motivation for physical education classes among pedagogical students with impaired health

The article presents the results of the first stage of research to determine the level of motivation of students of a pedagogical profile with impaired health to physical education classes. It is shown that conscious choice of students of motor activity will not only increase the level of attending physical education classes, but will also increase their interest in them and will provide active participation in the educational process, which will become the basis for the formation of conscious motivation in students with impaired health physical education classes. The results of the questionnaire survey among the first and second year students identified the main issues that need to be addressed in order to significantly improve the educational process of physical education with students with impaired health. These include: Introducing changes to the curriculum and syllabuses in physical education for students with disabilities, namely in its theoretical section. The purpose of theoretical training will be to form students' knowledge of healthy lifestyles, health status, components of physical health: physical development, physical fitness, physical activity, physical performance. This will not only promote the development of the aforementioned components of physical health in physical education classes, independent physical education and sports, while actively pursuing recreation and leisure, but will also significantly contribute to the formation of conscious motivation in them. The educational process of physical education of student youth can be successful only if the achievement of the goal of learning becomes the dominant motive of this pedagogical process, and the main condition for the formation of motivation is the inclusion of students in the corresponding educational activity. According to the results of the survey, most students preferred to play badminton. Badminton is one of the most widespread and versatile forms of realization of physical activity of a person, due to the wide possibilities of individual choice, dosage of exercises, their variety and degree of complexity. Badminton refers to acyclic complex coordination sports. He is characterized by such features as speed of movement, speed of thinking, speed of execution of technical techniques with the maximum reduction of preparatory actions, manifestation of morally strong-willed qualities.

Development of Creativity of Students in Higher Educational Institutions: Assessment of Students and Experts

The aim of the article is to identify the conditions of the development of students' creativity in the process of studying in higher education institutions. The article draws on the results of authors' qualitative and quantitative studies. Qualitative research is represented by expert in-depth interviews with specialists in the field of higher education. Quantitative research consists of questionnaire of students of four Moscow higher education institutions. Analysis of recent studies conducted on the topics of youth employment, higher education, the problem of mismatch between the education system and labor market was used. The article shows that in the context of higher education, creativity is considered as an integrative property, the key characteristics of which are the ability to produce original ideas, result-orientation, solution of practical problems, originality and speed of thinking, openness to new experience, and tolerance for uncertainty. The authors have identified the factors, conditions and levels of the process of creativity development of students in higher education institutions and analyzed its content. According to the authors, the defining contribution to the development of students' creativity is the application of a comprehensive, systemic concept at a higher education institution in accordance with three distinguished levels: personal, procedural and environmental.

Features of changes in the cognitive sphere of patients with a primary episode of bipolar affective disorder

153 patients with primary episode of bipolar affective disorder were divided to three groups: with prevalence of depressive symptomatology (44 men and 75 women), with prevalence of manic symptoms (15 men and 8 women) and with simultaneous presence of depressive and manic symptomatology or with rapid or severe manic symptoms (6 men and 5 women) and were examined using the Rey–Osterrieth test. It was found that they had impaired cognitive functioning whose structure and severity were related to the clinical type of the primary episode. In patients with depressive variant revealed approximately equal deterioration of test performance across all assessment vectors, while reproduction (immediate and delayed) observed synchronous deterioration of indicators, with the degree of deterioration of characteristics between copying and immediate and retarded reproduction. In the manic variant the performance of test is significantly different from the depressive variant. Patients with a manic variant showed the lowest indicators in the presence of individual elements of the figure, accuracy and diligence. At the same time, indicators for most estimation vectors are unstable, varying with immediate and delayed reproduction without some systematicity. Such features reflect on the cognitive functions of the maniac state with its acceleration of the speed of thinking, its chaos, instability of attention, difficulties of concentration and inability to productive activity. In patients with mixed episode, the Ray–Osterrieth test scores reflect complex contradictory tendencies of changes in the affective area, related to the rapid phase change and the presence of opposite affective manifestations. Quantitative values of indicators in patients of this group has an intermediate position between indicators of patients with depressive and manic variants. Common disorders inherent in patients of all groups were distortion of the integrity and symmetry of the figure, contamination of the elements of the figure and the omission of minor details. The differences in the structure and severity of cognitive impairment between men and women are not statistically significant.

Analysis of the Formation of Personal and Professional Qualities of Future Social Workers for Street Social Work

The paper presents the diagnostics of the state of formation of personal and professional qualities of future social workers being able to carry out street social work. While undergoing the study, it has been found that the professional readiness of street social work specialists involves the formation of such a level of professional skills and competence of future social workers that will allow them to perform the various functions of street social work successfully. Interpersonal interaction with clients of street social work provides for the presence of such specialists’ traits as: empathy, compromise and speed of thinking, diplomacy in relations with others, optimism in perception of reality, communicativeness, sociability, high mental capacity, comprehensiveness of interests, mood stability, independence, initiative and business orientation in professional activity. To study the state of formation of the listed qualities of future social workers, we conducted a diagnostic study among students of second-fifth years-of-study of specialty “Social work” of Khmelnitsky National University. Diagnostic results show that the majority of future social workers, while studying in higher educational institution, have sufficiently low indicators of formation of both personal and professional qualities. They are diagnosed with low levels of business orientation and professional motivation for street social work, as well as low level of manifestation of diplomacy, pessimism in the perception of reality, rigid thinking, low mental capacity, changeability of interests, multilevel of mood, dependency, lack of initiative. Therefore, we propose to develop and introduce psychological-pedagogical and social-pedagogical conditions (for the formation of future social workers' professional readiness for street social work) into the educational process.

The effects of electronic games on the behaviors of students in elementary stages، their social states and their academic achievements

The most interesting in electronic games by children let psychologists and experts to study these games and their impact on their users from different perspectives. It has two sides of effects. They have positive aspects that appear in many aspects of the child's life. Besides the education that the child acquires through increasing the concepts، information and skills development، they develop intelligence and speed of thinking. Many games contain puzzles and need mental skills to solve them. On the planning and initiative، and saturation of the imagination of the child in an unprecedented manner، and increase its activity and vitality، and become a high knowledge of modern technology، and good to deal with and use and dedicated to his benefit. It also encourages children to devise creative solutions to adapt to and adapt to the conditions of the game، and extend their impact to the practical reality; it enables him to apply some of the skills he gained through playing on the ground in real life. But on the personal level it develops the child's violence and the sense of crime because the large proportion of these games depends on the child's amusement and enjoyment of killing others، and teach adolescents methods and methods of committing the crime and tricks، As they develop in their minds violence and aggression through the frequent exercise of such games، the result is a violent and aggressive child. These games also make the child live in isolation from others، and the ultimate goal is to satisfy his desires to play. Thus، the child's self-centered personality، self-love and introversion are formed and affected the communities that are widespread. The rate of murder and theft has increased As well as moral crimes، and these games have also been shown to affect the general health of the child in the long term; it leads to the injury of many health diseases and mental disorders، and playing for long periods of the child has the behavior of alcoholism Aloswasi.

Animasi Interaktif Pembelajaran Huruf dan Angka Menggunakan Model ADDIE

The use of technology in learning media is very necessary for all educational institutions. Creating a pleasant learning atmosphere through multimedia means in the form of interactive animations. It was felt effective to increase children's learning interest in recognizing letters and numbers at TK RA Nurul Iman Jakarta. Use the type of research and development with the ADDIE model. Calculation of the app's feasibility to produce interactive animations that fit your needs. The purpose of making this learning media helps students to be able to more easily understand and understand and not feel bored in learning to start from letters and numbers and how to pronounce them. After the learning process, students will work on the quiz and there will also be games to make the child's thinking speed better. In addition, this application can help teachers in the teaching and learning process that is considered very boring, with an average value of 82.6% showing this interactive animation application is very fun for the media to learn the introduction of numbers and letters.