Психофізіологічні характеристики спортсменів як чинник системи підготовки у водному поло

Abstract

At the present stage of sports development the intensity and volume of training sessions have increased to physiological maximum, requirements for technical and tactical training of highly qualified players and the duration of their stay in the sports arena have increased, so coaches, scientists and doctors are looking for reserves to improve performance. In recent years, differentiated approaches to the training of athletes at different stages of long-term training, taking into account the psychophysiological characteristics of athletes, have been successfully implemented in various sports. Given these trends, there is an urgent question of approach to technical and tactical training of water polo players, taking into account their psychophysiological characteristics. The purpose of the study was to determine the role of individual psychophysiological characteristics in the system of training athletes in water polo. Materials and methods. In the course of the research, we used the methods of theoretical analysis and generalization of literary sources, documentary method. In order to conduct a survey of water polo coaches, we conducted a survey. In order to analyze and process the results of the questionnaire, we used the methods of mathematical statistics. Results and discussion. To conduct a survey of water polo coaches, we developed a questionnaire that included questions about the specifics of water polo training, identifying the most talented water polo players in the early stages of long-term training and psychophysiological characteristics in the water polo training system. In the course of the research, we conducted a survey of water polo coaches on the peculiarities of taking into account the individual psychophysiological characteristics of athletes in the system of training in water polo. As a result of the survey, it was determined that psychophysiological characteristics are an important component of the system of training athletes in water polo. The most significant psychophysiological characteristics for water polo players of different game roles are determined. Conclusion. The study found that all coaches we interviewed (100%) believe it is necessary to take into account the psychophysiological characteristics of athletes in the selection and construction of training athletes in water polo. Psychophysiological characteristics of athletes are one of the most informative criteria for gifted athletes in water polo in the early stages of long-term training, according to 43% of respondents, along with anthropometric data of athletes (14%) and motivation for water polo (29%). As a result of the survey, respondents noted the most effective psychophysiological characteristics for different game roles, in particular for goalkeepers it is the speed of simple and complex motor reactions, for defenders – the ability to anticipate. For midfielders it is speed of thinking and decision making and for attackers it is speed of motor reactions and speed of thinking