Speech Units Research Articles

UJARAN KEBENCIAN NETIZEN PADA KOLOM KOMENTAR DI INSTAGRAM BEM KBM UNTIRTA TAHUN 2022 (KAJIAN LINGUISTIK FORENSIK)

This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The purpose of this study is to: (1) describe the form and meaning of hate speech by netizens in the comments column on Instagram BEM KBM Untirta in 2022, (2) describe the language units of hate speech by netizens in the comments column on Instagram BEM KBM Untirta in 2022. Data sources on this research is the language in Instagram social media that contains elements of hatred, the social media is Instagram BEM KBM Untirta from July to August 2022. Other sources include books, journals, which are relevant to research, and can corroborate data. The instrument in this study was a form of documentation using the screen capture method, literature study, reading and note taking. The data analysis method used in this study is the equivalent method. The collection of data used in this study uses investigator trigulation. Based on the analysis, the forms of utterances of language hatred on the Instagram social media of BEM KBM Untirta in 2022 are insults and defamation. Based on the form of language, grammatical units that indicate hate speech in a text can be in the form of words, phrases, clauses, and sentences. Lexical meaning is the meaning of linguistic form which is free from context. Grammatical meaning is the meaning of a linguistic form that is bound by context. The meaning of words, phrases, clauses and sentences will be different if the context is also different.

Complex Mapping between Neural Response Frequency and Linguistic Units in Natural Speech.

When listening to connected speech, human brain can extract multiple levels of linguistic units, such as syllables, words, and sentences. It has been hypothesized that the time scale of cortical activity encoding each linguistic unit is commensurate with the time scale of that linguistic unit in speech. Evidence for the hypothesis originally comes from studies using the frequency-tagging paradigm that presents each linguistic unit at a constant rate, and more recently extends to studies on natural speech. For natural speech, it is sometimes assumed that neural encoding of different levels of linguistic units is captured by the neural response tracking speech envelope in different frequency bands (e.g., around 1 Hz for phrases, around 2 Hz for words, and around 4 Hz for syllables). Here, we analyze the coherence between speech envelope and idealized responses, each of which tracks a single level of linguistic unit. Four units, that is, phones, syllables, words, and sentences, are separately considered. It is shown that the idealized phone-, syllable-, and word-tracking responses all correlate with the speech envelope both around 3-6 Hz and below ∼1 Hz. Further analyses reveal that the 1-Hz correlation mainly originates from the pauses in connected speech. The results here suggest that a simple frequency-domain decomposition of envelope-tracking activity cannot separate the neural responses to different linguistic units in natural speech.

Dialect and colloquial elements in English fiction

The article deals with the study of dialect and colloquial elements in English fiction. The main aim of the study is to identify, analyze and characterize the significance of dialect and colloquial elements in modern fiction. The author studies the following terms “dialect”, “dialect words”, “colloquial words”. In the article dialect-colloquial elements are defined as speech units that characterize a certain dialect and are accompanied by some colloquial elements. The examples of dialect-colloquial elements are taken from the following works: “The Secret Garden” by Frances Hodgson Burnett (1911), “When Marnie Was There” by Joan G. Robinson (1967), “Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban” by J. K. Rowling (1999). The analysis of the works demonstrates that the functioning of dialect-colloquial elements is observed at different language levels: phonetic, grammatical and lexical. Reduction of sounds, devoicing or voicing of sounds, incorrect reading of the ending ‘ing’ are used at the phonetic level. The lexical level is characterized by the usage of obsolete forms of parts of speech and colloquial words. On the grammatical level a violation of the traditional grammar norms (no ending in the plural, the use of double negation, etc.) is found. The research proves that dialect-colloquial elements help to depict the characters vividly, convey the individuality of their speech, and sometimes serve as a means of satire.

Narratives and radial categories structuring them (based on the western mass-media narrative about Melania Trump)

The article focuses on establishing the constitutive features of the narrative about First Lady Melania Trump, created by the English mass media. Narratives thematizing personalities of the first ladies of the United States are ideologically oriented political narratives shaping public opinion and having socio-pragmatic potential. The research methodology combines the achievements of narratology with the tools of cognitive modeling, which allows us to reveal the mechanisms of creating narratives. The narrative about Melania Trump is formed on the basis of the convergence or non-convergence of her inherent features with the ideal-prototype of the radial category FIRST LADY. These features are instantiated by numerous discursive contexts, which, being placed in the linguistic, social, cultural and historical context of the narrative, create associative links between the activated conceptual structures, organizing them according to the principle of the radial category FIRST LADY. The analysis of language / speech units that literally and metaphorically represent the narrative about Melania Trump makes it possible to conclude that Melania Trump is presented as a person displaying deviations from almost all standard attributes of the TRADITIONAL FIRST LADY subcategory (unsatisfactory performance of the roles of WIFE, MOTHER, HOUSEKEEPER, WHITE HOUSE HOSTESS; non-elitist origin, dubious education; inability to sympathize with the general public, inappropriateness/tactlessness, lack of sophistication/elegance, tarnished reputation), but cannot be considered as a representative of the ALTERNATIVE FIRST LADY subcategory due to lack of interest in active political activities. Thus, the narrative of the English media about Melania Trump presents her as an ANTI-FIRST LADY, who does not correspond to any role attributes motivated by the ideal-prototype of the radial category FIRST LADY, and conceptual structures activated by the attributes ascribed to her, form a new deviation from the central model.

Pragmatic Analyses of Phraseological Units in Translation

This article provides information on the pragmatic analysis of phraseological units, the establishment of syntactic constructions necessary for the semantics of phraseological units, characterized by the constructive conditionality of their activity, and the determinism of the structure that determines the use of phraseological units. Lexical-grammatical structure of speech units, grammatical structure and verbal complex of phraseological unit-prototype.

Linguoculturological analysis as the backbone of a value-based Russian language lesson

The relevance of the article is due to the need to provide spiritual and moral education while teaching the Russian language. The study aims to prove that a value-based lesson is the most popular type of a Russian language lesson in the modern educational paradigm. Another purpose of the paper is to show the connection between its methodology with linguoculturology as well as the opportunities for forming a system of spiritual and moral values in students. These goals are the rationale for employing such research methods as an analysis of linguistic, linguoculturological and methodological concepts in conjunction with generalisation of the obtained results. Additionally, the study relies on modelling a methodological system. Such a system exploits the linguoculturological potential of the word and the text for developing schoolchildren spiritually and morally in the process of teaching Russian. The paper outlines the most promising linguoculturological areas which are being developed in modern methodological science. These are methodological linguoconceptology and methodological text linguoculturology. Within the framework of the former, the dominant approach is studying the word as a concept of culture. Methodological linguoconceptology has developed such methodological tools as a linguoculturological portrait of the word, linguoculturological problems, and linguoconceptocentric essays. In addition, lessons-concepts (i. e. integrated lessons of transdisciplinary concept portrayal) have been described. Within the methodological text linguoculturology framework, I systematise information about the linguoculturological characteristics of the text. As a result, exploring the text as a coherent unit of language, speech, and culture is enabled. The research also demonstrates the versatility of this methodological tool. The methodology of linguoculturological text characterisation underlies the innovative lesson type, i. e. the text laboratory or laboratory-based work with texts. The main results of the study are the proposed definition of a value-based Russian language lesson and the description of its key features. The paper convincingly demonstrates the decisive role of linguoculturological word and text analysis in a value-based Russian language lesson. I propose a typology of value-based Russian language lessons depending on the subject matter of linguoculturological analysis. Three types have been identified: logocentric, text-centric, and combined. Linguoculturological analysis as the backbone of a value-based lesson enables teachers to combine most complex processes of language learning and culture acquisition as well as forming a world view and developing a system of values in students.

Resolving Lexical Verb Ambiguity in Yoruba through Semantic Web Annotations

Lexical verb ambiguity refers to the potential for multiple interpretations of units of speech in languages that renders it difficult or impossible to understand a lexical item without additional information. The goal of semantic web research is to allow the vast range of web-accessible information and services to be more effectively exploited by both humans and automated tools. Technological advancement has given rise to scholars developing automated translation systems from English to the Yorùbá language. However, the problem arises that these tools are not coping easily with semantic nuances found especially in Yorùbá verbs. To explore this problem, a number of Yorùbá lexical ambiguous verbs which may pose serious challenges to the existing machine translation tools were generated and analyzed. To facilitate a solution to the problem, the identified verbs are annotated following the Qualia Structure (QS) of the Generative Lexicon. Protégé 4.5 is employed as the editing tool to map the semantic interpretations of the QS to the semantic web. With the aid of the unique formal specification implemented for each of the lexically ambiguous verbs, the existing automated translation system can now utilize the Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) of the Unified Resource Locator (URL) found in the model developed to link the loop and thereby alleviate the problem of ambiguity for the automated translation system. This paper, therefore recommends that more efforts be geared towards ontological annotation in order to foster more automated tools that will be built for the Yorùbá language.

Differentiation of the Functional Systems of Speech and Language and the Study of the Differences of the Neural Networks That Support Them

The paper deals with the problem of differentiation of human speech and language systems. Based on the modern ideas in the field of speech psychology, speech study, intonology, the concept of units (forms) of speech as non-linguistic phenomena is formed. These phenomena function as translators of illocutionary meanings in human communication, which mostly are communicative and social goals, as well as the quality of social relations. To support the concept of “Speech vs. Language”, the results of an fMRI study conducted on a sample collection of adults are presented. The differences between the neural networks of the human brain that provide the perception of natural forms of oral speech having the same pragmasemantic content – the actual speech and the minimal structure of speech-language signals are established. Due to the data obtained, the prospects of research related to the analysis of functional connectivity in the structures of two types of networks, as well as with the sequential complication of the speech and language components of the statement and the presentation of multimodal multilevel natural speech-communicative stimuli are discussed. The analysis of the differences between the processes and neural networks of speech and language is important for the development of speech synthesis technologies, diagnostic and communicative artificial intelligence.

Possibilities of Creating Positive and Negative Emotional Fields in a Fictional Text (based the the 20th century Georgian Brief Fictional Prose)

The only tool for the author to share the feelings and express their spiritual world to the readers is linguistic means; Emotion is transformed in language which, at the same time, represents the principal focus for linguistics i.e. the ways how and for what purpose does the linguistic unit of language and speech denote emotion. The goal of the manuscript is to observe brief fictional prose, in particular, to show the linguistic possibilities of creating a positive and negative emotional field, which are characteristic for this type of texts. The research analysis has revealed that there are two main ways to create a positive or negative emotional mood in the reader: 1. The writer himself offers an assessment of the character's condition or circumstances by using appropriate emotional language means; 2. The writer presents the external world seen by the character, characterized by emotional-evaluative lexical units. It has been revealed that adjectives and verbs are the most frequently used in creating an emotional field; Depending on the context, the noun as the key word of the idea acquires an emotional load. An especially interesting feature was found to be the emotional interjection, as it expresses the characters' mood, feelings and emotions and is most distinguished by high emotional expressiveness; There predominates interjections connected with sadness, pain, surprise. There are also many religious words and phrases serving as interjections. There are the cases when the contrast and superiority of the positive emotions against the negatively painted situation causes emotion and, sometimes, the sudden, unexpected ending of the literary text is characterized by sharp emotionality. Emotionally colored lexical units appear mainly in two ways while creating the emotional field: 1. One word in a sentence or the same part of speech is characterized by more emotionality; 2. Several different parts of speech create an emotional context.

English language Morphological Neologisms Reflecting the War in Ukraine

The aim of this article is to consider English morphological neologisms based on English-language postmodern Ukrainean literary texts. The ways of neologisms formation and their appearance in the language are described. The uses of general theoretical and specific theoretical and empirical research methods system include a description of neologisms, appearing in the English language in the realities of large-scale military aggression in Ukraine, in the context of general issues of linguistic neology. The theoretical significance of the study consists in the analysis of morphological neologisms in terms of postmodern perception. As a result, new speech units of the English language emerge in postmodern literary texts as a result of the war in Ukraine. As the war in Ukraine has acquired global significance for the whole civilized world, the postmodern literary texts ceases to be sectoral and falls into the general discourse. New lexemes are formed, objectifying the modern reality and becoming trendy for society. The paper aim is to analyse the reasons for the formation of war concerned neologisms as well as to investigate their semantically emotive component and pejorative connotations. The methodology included analysis of scientific sources, information search of scientific literature, description, deduction, induction, and continuous sampling method. The results of the study show that during the war in Ukraine, new lexical units emerge and consolidate in the English language. A special characteristic of the sample of neologisms is their emotionality. This can be explained by the proper coverage of the course of the war, where the genocide of the Ukrainian nation takes place and accordingly evokes a spectrum of negative emotions. Morphological neologisms in English have become common due to the catastrophic and global nature of the war in Ukraine. These linguistic neologisms need terminological unification, but the rapid development of events in Ukraine makes it difficult to codify these changes and requires permanent work and research. The study is based on lexicology as a science that studies words, but with special attention to neologisms. Neologisms are more than a code, they are elements of identity that describe a period of conflict and remain a reflection, if not a testimony, of all the atrocities suffered by the population during the war.

Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Old Age People

Objectives: this study was undertaken in order to show the effect of age on the auditory system. Design: case –control study. Setting: Al-Jamhory teaching Hospital-Advisory clinic department-hearing and speech unit in Mosul during the period from first of January till the end of June 2011 A.C. Subjects and methods: twenty - four subjects aging between (18-25) years(group1) and one hundred subjects aging between (45-75) years (group 2) were subjected to a pure tone audiometric assessment. The resulting data was statistically analyzed. Results: The auditory threshold in old age subjects was higher in all the frequencies suggestive of sensorineural hearing loss. Conclusions: old age subjects have a sensorineural hearing loss when evaluated with a pure tone audiometer in all frequencies comparing with the young age subjects

Emotiveness and Emotive Valence of Language Units

In modern linguistics, attention is paid to the study of the national and cultural content of the activity of emotional vocabulary. This is especially important in understanding the semantic nature of language units. However, considering such lexical units from the point of view of their combined ability and synctaxic function allows us to achieve more results. Therefore, in this article, emotive words are studied in the aspect of semasiology and communicative linguistics. The purpose of the article is to study the valence of emotive words, their linguistic justification and reveal their communicative essence. It is planned to show that language units in an emotive combination are able to carry out their emotional activities by communicating with other units. It is known that this emotive valence further develops the idea of the regularity of emotional-expressive and expressive-stylistic harmony of language units in speech. In the article, the authors touched upon approaches to the study of emotional valence, considering the structural and functional aspects of emotional valence of a word. In particular, the types of emotive valence of a word and the mechanisms of opening valence abilities are analyzed. The object of research is the emotive components of word semantics. As a source, the main analytical materials were taken from the National Corpus of the Kazakh language, as well as fiction. In the course of the study, it was proved that an independent word is transformed into an emotive one in context or in combination with a word. The scientific conclusion that one of the main ways of emotiveness is Valence in Kazakh linguistics has not previously been properly analyzed and given in research. The small number of theoretical and practical works in the direction of studying the valence of a word indicates the relevance of this topic and the need to study emotive valence. In the course of the work, it was assumed that the emotiveness of any word is dynamic, that is, the emotional and semantic multiplicity of lexical units that occurs in accordance with the current, potential situation

Speech units as an educational subject

Teaching and learning are two basic processes underlying the activity of students and teachers nowadays. The learning process puts both parties toward each other,what it teaches, and what it takes, the teacher and the student. Today training students to teach themselves, and their education, equipping them with the skills of independent work with the most advanced methods of conscious, sustainable, active, and creative learning takes great importance. The purpose of this topic is to know the importance of usage of all skills during a lesson hour. The teacher is free to use a variety of methods and strategies for teaching and learning to suit the needs of students in different classes. He combines these methods during the learning process and adapts according to the increasing development of linguistic competence and independence of student development, the consistency of this process. Teaching has at its center the method of communication, task-based methods, functional methods, and situations as real life, etc. These methods are realized through various strategies and techniques, according to language skills (listening, speaking, reading, writing). Teachers and students collaborate on the organization of teaching and learning. To facilitate teaching/learning, the teacher finds efficient ways to organize communication activities and provides and suggests source materials for students. In contemporary teaching, the teacher does not only play the role of teacher but also plays the role of supervisor. Together they establish cooperative relations in the process of learning.The teacher clarifies the students and takes their understanding of what happens in the classroom. This means clarifying the rules of the line of work and the responsibilities of students in the process of activities. The teacher suggests and provides the use of audiovisual means, electronic, and helps students to use various forms of information technology within and outside the classroom. It gives students the website in accordance with their age and educational requirements. In teaching, an hour should be applied to all four language skills strategies, but they escalate from level to level depending on the objectives. Setting the students in the spotlight makes the student participate actively in linguistic interaction, preparing them for a new phase of their education or being able to face the demands of the labor market.

Chunks, pauses, and holistic processing in Mandarin spontaneous speech.

Chunks are multiword sequences with independent meaning and function, or formulaic based on the intuition of native speakers, hypothesized to be holistically restored and retrieved in the mental lexicon. Previous studies suggest that pauses and intonational boundaries tend to occur at the boundaries of chunks, but less discussion was made on the influence of chunk categories over mental processing and on pause placement associated with intonational continuity. This study adopted spontaneous monologs of Mandarin natives in formal and informal settings. It examined the co-occurrence of chunks and pause-defined processing units and pause placement around chunks to explore to what extent chunks are holistically processed. The results showed that Mandarin chunks were likely to be situated within a single processing unit, indicating chunks as smaller units than processing units in spontaneous speech. Major chunk categories exhibited significantly different patterns in co-occurring with processing units, indicating the influence of chunk properties on the mental processing of chunks. In addition, chunks tended to be fluently processed in spontaneous speech production as fewer hesitations occurred before and during chunk production. Major chunk categories shared a similar threshold in encountering hesitations before chunk production and differed significantly in hesitation distribution during chunk production. Hesitations in the middle of chunks were more likely to be situated within intonation units compared to those before chunk production. Speakers' effort to maintain the intonational continuity of chunks when they encounter processing difficulties reveals the mental reality of the holistic nature of chunks. Furthermore, the co-occurrence of chunks and processing units differed significantly between the formal and informal speech genres, indicating genre influence on the mental processing of chunks. Altogether, the findings of this study have provided implications for theories on chunks and the syntactic-prosody interface and contributed to implications for the design of Mandarin instructions and teaching.

THE MEANING OF SINGGI PASSIKOLA IN THE KADA TOMINAA DISCOURSE FOR TORAJA COMMUNITIES

Singgi' passikola in Kada Tomina's discourse as one of the cultural assets contains messages that are meaningful to the Toraja people. This study used a qualitative approach to analyze the meaning of singgi' passikola utterances for the Toraja people. The research data was speech units in passikola singgi' obtained through interviews and speech recordings from Tomina. The research findings showed that the utterances of singgi passikola in the Kada Tomina discourse contain message meanings that have character values for Toraja people struggling to seek knowledge and who have completed their education. The message's meaning included enthusiasm in studying and working, being wise, adhering to God's teachings, having social concern, being humble, and having a stance. Therefore, singgi' passikola, as a part of cultural property, was also a vehicle for conveying educational messages to the Toraja people. The results of this study have significance for the preservation of the local culture of the Toraja people. In addition, the findings of this study can be a reference in developing the theory and discussion for further research. In the education context, these findings can be used as material for consideration in compiling a local content curriculum by utilizing local wisdom as a learning resource.

THE PROBLEM OF VARIATION OF UNITS OF THE LANGUAGE SYSTEM OF IDIOM AND THEIR LEXICOGRAPHY

Summary. The purpose of the proposed article is the theoretical justification of the variation of linguistic units as idiomems based on the linguistic data of the idiom, as well as the basis of their representation in the dictionary of variant vocabulary of the language system as a separate aspect summary of the monoidiomic linguistic complex. The object of study is the problem of the identity and variation of the word in the lingual of the idiom as a language and speech system. The subject of the research are the theoretical and functional principles of lexicography of the variants of idiomic units and the phenomenon of formal variation of the lingual of the idiom. The result of the study is, on the one hand, the definition of the problem of word identity and word variation in linguistics, in which the insufficiency of research on the theory of word variation in Ukrainian dialectological science is stated, which is explained by the incompleteness or absence of an empirical base, the lack of mastery of the available factual material, insufficient attention to the methods of studying formal modifications words, weak illumination of source-scientific and methodological issues. The relevance of the issue is determined by a number of theoretical propositions: 1) variability, being an immanent property of any variety of speech, is widely represented in dialect speech; 2) the formal variation of the word ensures the continuity of the idiom as a language system; 3) the idiomic lexicon, the lingual of the idiom constitute an informational and research lexicographic system of the idiom – a thesaurus. A generalized review of the theoretical foundations of the dialectological lexicography of the variant lexicon of the colloquial language made it possible to come to a conclusion about the specificity of the colloquialism presentation in it. On the other hand, the results of the study represent the Dictionary of variant vocabulary of the idiom as an aspect that is a part of the monidiomic lexicographic complex, having unified rules for the demonstration of linguistic units in it and at the same time differing in its structural and nomenclature parameters of displaying lexical-semantic variations of linguistic and speech units, is the first attempt systematic presentation of this type of grouping of the components of spoken discourse, which unites the literary and dialectal strata. Conclusions: The dictionary of the variant lexicon of the idiom is considered as a representative of the complexity, diversity of the phenomenon of formal variation of the dialect word, as well as the demonstration of a number of formal-semantic connections in the vocabulary of the lingual for further monoidiomic description, focused on the monographic description of the idiom.

“Look with thine ears”: Why Writing Is Syllable-based

Writing, both ancient and modern, originates de novo only when the language written is syllabically organized, because only there does the most salient unit of speech, the syllable, correspond with the most salient unit of language, the morpheme, thus bringing a sound sufficiently to consciousness that a pictograph for the item named by the morpheme can be recognized as also representing its sound – so that it can be transferred to represent the meaning of another morpheme of the same or similar sound (the “rebus principle”). Why is the syllable the most salient unit of speech? Phoneticians cannot agree on what people recognize when counting or manipulating syllables. Phoneticians can, though, specify what the speech organs do during speech production – the configurations of lips, tongue, larynx, pharynx, and airstream closures that result in the perceived sounds of speech (“consonants” and “vowels”). Phoneticians also recognize “features” whose durations do not necessarily correspond with those of the “segments” that constitute morphemes. Yet it is neither segments nor features that are recorded in earliest writing. An answer is found in the typology of writing systems, the ways the sounds of language are treated by grammarians and linguists ancient and modern, and the ways devised for children to learn to read.

Априори языка и языкознания: слово и его минимальный сегмент

Language displays, first and foremost, the core ability of human consciousness to develop svyaznost’ (coherence and linkage). To approach language as a sign system means to concentrate on its insignificant and third-rate characteristics that are not essential for it (like featherlessness for humans). Using language we can develop svyaznost’ at the levels of text, phrase, word, and a unit less than a word. This article discusses the last level, since the other levels had been or will be investigated in other works. When developing svyaznost’, human con­sciousness is subject to a priori laws of sense positing. They differ in European and Arab-Muslim big cultures based (accordingly) on substance and process log­ics. The Arabic literary language (fuṣḥā) is analyzed in theoretical perspective of traditional Arabic linguistics (naḥw wa ṣarf), while the European languages are discussed from the standpoint of contemporary Western linguistic thought. As a result, differing a priori regularities were discovered in what regards the minimum (atomic and irreducible) unit of speech and possibility of its ar­ticulation, as well as a correlation between this basic unit and a whole word. The human language is an utterly important vehicle for developing svyaznost’ in the overall cognitive architecture, therefore any universal language science should necessarily give account of, firstly, the fact of language a priori regulari­ties, and, secondly, of their variance in languages based on different logics of sense positing. The discovered a priori laws that define our ability to single out and to pronounce the basic (atomic) unit of speech in European languages and in Arabic literary language confirm the universality of the laws of sense positing that set up a priori laws for not only theoretical thinking but for sense perception as well.

REVISITING SYNTAX OF COHERENT SPEECH

This scientific article deals with the issue of syntax of coherent speech; the relationship between the sentence and the utterance is defined; it is substantiated that the transformation of a sentence (abstract speech unit, sentence scheme) into an utterance (speech unit) of great importance acquires meaningful segmentation essential for a certain situation, corresponding communicative task. To analyse the structural, semantic and pragmatic manifestations of the real language process, the functioning of syntactic units in terms of communicative nomination, the text introduces the concept of discursive utterance, taking into account a set of extralinguistic, pragmatic, psychological factors. It is proved that the concept of a textual communicative unit is most closely related to the theory of discourse - a discursive utterance - a textual combination of parcelled or segmented parts of a sentence or independent predicative units united thematically, which are related to a complete syntactic unit - a grammatical simple or complex sentence.

TERMINOLOGICAL VOCABULARY AS A COMPONENT OF THE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF STUDENTS OF ECONOMIC MAJORITIES

The article is devoted to the study of terminological vocabulary as the main component of training of students of economic specialities in the process of studying in high institutions and its importance in the communication of future specialists. It is noted that when teaching students economic terminology, one should rely on the communicative approach as the main way and purpose of teaching students professional speech. Communicative-oriented learning involves the formation of students' communicative competence, which is considered to be formed if future specialists use the Ukrainian language to independently acquire and expand their knowledge and experience. It is noted that the process of learning terminology takes place in three stages: the first involves mastering a certain number of terms, examples of their functioning and recognition in phrases, selection and semantisation in the text. The main goal of this stage is to master the terminological vocabulary and actively use it in the process of independent expression. The second stage of teaching terminology is designed to provide the learning process with modern professional vocabulary and special texts selected according to certain criteria. The main objective of the second stage is to develop specific terminological skills and abilities related to the mastery of these units. The main goal of the third stage is to master the highly specialised terms of the economic speciality, as well as professional language turns of phrase. The objectives of this stage are: to develop skills and abilities to use highly specialised terminological units in speech; to get acquainted with the structure of the terminological system of the sublanguage of economics, to develop skills and abilities to analyse the morphological structure of a derived term. Attention is focused on the importance of selecting educational materials and the need for teachers of the Ukrainian language for professional purposes to find the most effective methods that will facilitate better mastering of professional terminology by future economists. The structure of methodical work and the main stages of formation of terminological skills are proposed.