Speech Portrait Research Articles

Creating a speech portrait of a modern Chinese teacher in online media

The purpose of the study is to identify the speech characteristics of modern Chinese teachers. The object of the study is the blog(s). Special attention is paid to the visual and auditory design of the video material: the presence of music, the design of the room, the style of the blogger's clothes, the manner of speech. The desire to show their own market attractiveness against the background of competitors, the desire to become popular and have their own audience on the Internet motivates bloggers to show authority in a variety of ways. The research material was two commercials of English language courses on the "bilibili" platform. The coronavirus infection has pushed the Chinese government and private educators to develop online teaching platforms, among which the bilibili video hosting can be cited as example. Users of this platform have the opportunity not only to watch videos, but also to purchase video courses on various topics. The work uses a descriptive method (observation, interpretation, generalization). In the course of the study, the speech analyzer programs Text-Analyzer and Cathoven were used, with the help of which the approximate level of oral text on the CEFR scale was determined. As a result of the analysis, the main features of the speech portrait of the teacher-blogger were highlighted, and the importance of the image on the Internet for attracting an audience was emphasized. The main contribution of the author is a comprehensive study of the image of a modern teacher in Chinese linguoculture. Along with the economic boom and the development of social networks in China, there has been a reassessment of traditional values. The penetration of Western mass culture has had a strong impact on the population, especially on the younger generation, who use the Internet to a greater extent and consume entertainment and educational content. This influence has not spared modern Chinese teachers. Studying the image of a Chinese teacher in modern realities will help to update information about Chinese culture, its synthesis with modern mass culture and traditional Confucian values.

МEANS OF PERSUASION IN JOURNAL DISCOURSE

The article is devoted to one of topical problems of modern linguistics – to the study of strategies and tactics of persuasion in various types of discourse. Modern scientists consider linguistic means of achieving the goal of influence. The purposefulness of speech actions is a topical phenomenon in political, advertising, tourism, journalism and other types of discourse. The most obvious potential of the persuasive impact is manifested in the journal discourse, which is an implicit model of social interaction. The choice of the French women’s magazine discourse as an object of research is due to the special form of the social role of the Western European woman. It is established that gender-marked speech portraits are manifested in women’s magazine discourse. Subject of research includes the title of the text of the French women’s magazine article from the point of view of the ways of linguistic implementation of the media discourse’s persusive function. The pragmaorientation of the title of the journal text, which has a special strategy for the implementation of the main goals and objectives of the journal discourse, is noted. The article considers the evolution of strategies and tactics of the persuasion of the French women’s journal discourse, due to the transformation of the role of women in the French linguistic and cultural community. The article concludes that the subject matter and linguistic organisation of the headlines of French women’s magazines of the present and before the 1960s partially coincide, but are of different potential for the realisation of persuasion.

Вокативы и их функции в повести А.С. Пушкина «Капитанская дочка» (к 225-летию со дня рождения)

<p>The article discusses different types of vocatives that are performed in the story by A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter" has a number of significant functions. It has been established that they not only serve as a means of nomination and identification of the addressee, but also perform equally important functions — social-regulatory and emotive. It has been revealed that neutral, characterological and ironic addresses create a speech portrait of the speaker, evaluate the characters of the work, indicate their social status, characterize actions, reveal the inner world, demonstrate the relationship between communicants.</p>

ОСОБЕННОСТИ РЕЧЕВОГО ПОВЕДЕНИЯ ВИДЕОБЛОГЕРОВ НА ПРИМЕРЕ ОБЗОРОВ ТРАНСПОРТНЫХ СРЕДСТВ

The aim of this article is to identify the features of speech behavior of video bloggers from the point of view of pragmalinguistics, where the main object of the research is the communicant’s conscious and unconscious choice of speech means. The method of traditional content analysis is used to study the conscious choice of language means by a video blogger, while the method of modified content analysis is used to study the unconscious choice. Fragments of speech of videoblogers, whose videos are devoted to retro vehicles reviews were taken as a research material. This article defines such concepts as Internet discourse, blog and video blog, and also identifies and shows on examples the common linguistic features that are found among video bloggers in the field of retro transport. These features will allow to further form speech portraits of video bloggers and determine their personal traits. These traits show what norms of culture, behavior, communication, even the psychology of people’s thinking are formed among representatives of different generations under the influence of the World Wide Web.

Means of creating colloquiality in Russian poetry of the second half of the 20th century

RELEVANCE. The purpose of the study is a linguo-stylistic analysis of the means of creating сonversationality in the lyrics of A.A. Voznesensky, E.A. Yevtushenko, R.I. Rozhdestvensky. The specifics of the individual author’s use of сonversationality indicators in Russian poetry of the 2nd half of the XX century have not been studied enough.MATERIALS AND METHODS. To achieve this goal, the methods of linguistic stylistic and contextual analysis were used. The multilevel means of creating сonversationality in the poetic texts of A.A. Voznesensky, E.A. Yevtushenko, R.I. Rozhdestvensky served as the material for linguistic and stylistic analysis.RESULT AND DISCUSSION. The following means of creating a category of сonversationality in the lyrics of A.A. Voznesensky, E.A. Yevtushenko, R.I. Rozhdestvensky are analyzed: words with colloquial or colloquially reduced coloration, colloquial vocabulary, substitute words, empty words; ellipsis; incomplete, incomplete and non-union sentences; relatives-communicatives; pronominal correlates in the form of nominative case and others. The characterological function of lexical indicators of сonversationality in the language of poetry is revealed (speech portraits of the lyrical hero and other participants of communication are created).CONCLUSION. The results of the study complement the information available in the scientific literature on the means of creating colloquialism in monological speech and can be used as part of the philological analysis of the text.

TRANSLATIONS OF ANTON CHEKHOV’S PLAY “THE CHERRY ORCHARD” INTO GERMAN: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

In spite of the fact that Anton Chekhov was skeptical about translations of his own works since he believed that his works would not be understood in the West, the first translations of his plays into German appeared already during his lifetime and were successfully staged in German theatres. The following article reviews translations of Anton Chekhov ‘s play “The Cherry Orchard” into German by Peter Urban, Johannes von Gunther, Gudrun Duvel and Hilde Angarova. It may be worth noting that there are two approaches to literary translation. One involves adapting text for the recipient, which inevitably leads to a significant difference between the original and translated texts. The other involves translating closely to the original. Considering the fact that all the abovementioned translators kept to the second concept, they had to accomplish the following tasks: preserving stylistic peculiarities of the original text, translating Russian realia into German, managing phraseological locutions, conveying speech portraits of the characters, as well as adapting the text to a theatrical performance since the text should be understandable for the audience and easily pronounced by the actors. In the article we paid special attention to how all the four translators managed the difficulties and presented a detailed contrastive analysis of their works. As a result of the study, we came to the conclusion that the translations by Peter Urban and Hilde Angarova were closest to the original text due to precisely chosen equivalents. The translation by Gudrun Duvel is not inferior to the translations of Peter Urban and Hilde Angarova in the selection of lexical means, but it often sounds insufficiently concise, which distances it in some cases from the original text. Although Johannes von Gunther offered some interesting translation solutions, his translations have a number of shortcomings, the main ones are incorrect translation of realia and unnecessary additions.

Анализ речевого портрета участников политических дебатов (на примере телевизионных дебатов кандидатов в губернаторы региона)

This paper is a study of speech portraits of two candidates for the post of the head of the Republic of Khakassia — V. O. Konovalov and S. M. Sokol from the position of linguopersonology, linguopragmatics and the emerging field of linguistics — linguopolitical personology, the object of study of which is the linguistic personality of a politician. In the course of the study, the features of speech portraits are revealed, the characterisation of lexical, stylistic means and communicative features of V. O. Konovalov and S. M. Sokol’s speeches are presented.

Dialect linguistic personality from the village of Kolomytsevo, the Voronezh Region

This paper presents the speech of a native from a settlement in the west of the Voronezh Region. The aim of the study is to determine the distinctive characteristics of the dialectal linguistic personality from the village of Kolomytsevo, the Liskinsky District, to make up its modern portrait. The subject of our academic essay is the phonetic and grammatical features of the dialect and the themes that reflect the world of the dialect carrier. The object of our study is the Kolomychanka dialect. The living speech of Lidiya Mikhailovna Kostyrkina, recorded by me in the course of our easy communication, was used as a language material. In the process of working on the article, we applied the following methods: the method of stationary observation, survey, description and analysis. The results of the research are the data that allow interpreting a linguistic personality as a carrier of Russian-Ukrainian dialects according to a number of features that are most clearly seen at the phonetic level. We prove that the respondent’s speech is simple, expressive and plain. The article concludes that through the original living dialect, the speech portrait and the world of the dialect carrier are represented due to specific features, which display the image of a person with their views on rural realities, diverse family relationships, a rich inner way of thinking, a special faith in God, etc. Everyone has their own system of views. The presented material is introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.

TACTICS OF OBJECTION IN A POPULAR SCIENTIFIC MEDICAL BLOG

The article is devoted to the functioning of objection as a text-forming technique for creating popular scientifi c medical blogs. It is explained that the most popular tactic for the representation of scientifi c knowledge is clarifi cation. The choice of medical topics is not accidental, traditionally medicine is the fi eld of knowledge that causes actors to demonstrate their competence regardless of education (everyone is a doctor to himself). Hence the importance of objection as one of the forms of interaction with the audience during the deployment of the trajectory of popularization of scientifi c knowledge. Using the example of medical blogs popular with the public on the Dzen platform, the methods of audience involvement based on objection are considered. The analysis allows us to identify three main trends that are in demand in the implementation of objection tactics on popular science channels: dialogization, intellectualization and ironization. The channels themselves were chosen according to the principle of implementing each of these trends. The analysis of empirical material is based on a general scheme: the characteristic of the content of channels is given, a speech portrait of the authors is created, dialogical unities are analyzed. The analysis of dialogical units demonstrates the means of implementing objections are identifi ed: negation means, specifi c union formations, communication blockers, etc. Speech tactics of objection expression, language markers of objection are determined. The objection is considered as the main contact-setting technique, which has a positive eff ect on the popularity of the channel. It is used as one of the possible forms of dialogical interaction, but is deliberately emphasized, brought to the fore, becomes the basis of publications. Moreover, the conclusion of the study was that the objection is a text-forming technique for constructing not only individual dialogical units, but also channels as a whole.

Лингвистические особенности речевого портрета американского шоумена

The aim of the study is to identify the lexical and grammatical characteristics of the speech of American showmen. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the analyzed speech characteristics of American TV presenters help to understand the mechanism of influencing the audience and the formation of public opinion in American society, namely, the lexical and grammatical features of conversational speech for the purpose of having an impact on the recipients. As a result, the lexical and grammatical features of the speech of American showmen demonstrating a high focus on establishing contact with the audience were revealed. The linguistic specificity of an American showman’s speech portrait reflects the focus of the talk show on keeping the viewer’s attention, therefore, slang and colloquial vocabulary, interjections, simplification of grammatical structures (reduced forms, simple sentences, incomplete phrases, disjunctive questions) are so frequent to help the average American to perceive the main points of the conversation properly.

Speech Portrait of a Mentally Unhealthy Character as a Translation Problem

The aim of this article is to describe the mechanism of determining the key parameters of the speech portrait of a mentally unhealthy character in a literary text in terms of achieving pragmatic adequacy in translation. The material used for analysis includes the novel ‘Flowers for Algernon’ by Daniel Keyes, the short story ‘Survivor Type’ by Stephen King, and the novel ‘American Psycho’ by Bret Easton Ellis. The authors utilize a proposed algorithm of pretranslation analysis as a tool. It has been established that specific linguistic markers are employed in creating the speech portrait in literary texts, observed through one or multiple parameters. These linguistic markers accurately characterize the existing facts of altered language consciousness in mental disorders. Components of the character’s speech portrait may include verbal aggression (obscene language), metaphors, specific sentence structures, verbalization of grandiosity, etc. The authors conclude that the proposed algorithm, with the application of psycholinguistics data, allows for tracing the peculiarities of selecting expressive means in the original text and identifying relevant markers of the speech portrait of a mentally unhealthy character for subsequent representation of these characteristics as functional dominants in translation. This will help avoid shifts in realizing the character’s image in translation.

Linguistic Means of Constructing ‘Enemy Number One’ in the US Cold War Cinema

The study examines how the US Cold War cinema employed linguistic means to construct images of the USSR and American communists. The research relevance is determined by: the need to study the techniques of creating the enemy image as one of the crucial issues in international relations; and the importance of the topic amidst the aggravation of Russia- US relations. The study aims at analysing the usage of linguistic means in such practices of constructing/deconstructing the images of ‘enemy number one’ as dehumanisation of the enemy, its normalisation, domestication, and rehumanisation. The research novelty lies in the fact that, for the first time, the language as a resource for constructing enemy images in the Cold War films is analysed. The material for the study makes American films of the 1940s-1960s, in which contaminated speech for depicting Soviet characters is extensively used. Particular attention is paid to the means of creating speech portraits of Soviet characters. The research methods used are descriptive, linguistic, and sociolinguistic methods, and discourse analysis. The authors conclude that linguistic means (primarily linguistic competences and accent) were instrumental for creating enemy images in the cinematic Cold War. Linguistic otherness served as a means of emphasising second-rate culture, which in turn was intended to mark political foreignness. Linguistic means helped fulfil functions of the enemy image: showing its otherness; depriving it of the linguistic abilities as an essential attribute of humanity, helping dehumanise it; emphasizing its civilisational inferiority; and making the enemy comical. Finally, attention is drawn to the fact that the cinematic image of ‘enemy number one’ contributed to the hierarchisation of languages; everything Russian was associated with communism and therefore perceived as inferior and hostile.

Representation of Zadie Smith’s Individual Style in Original Text and Translation

Author’s individual style and its preservation in translation are a relevant issue of translation practices. This research is the first attempt in domestic linguistics to study Zadie Smith’s individual style and its manifestation in translation based on M. Yu. Mukhin’s analysis model. The methodology involved the methods of semantic interpretation, comparative analysis, content analysis, quantitative calculations, and linguistic analysis based on the conceptual profile model. The study featured Z. Smith's novel On Beauty and its translation performed by O. Kachanova and A. Vlasova. The analysis revealed the most frequent linguistic and stylistic means and denotative spheres and classes, e.g., such lexical means as simile, interjection, metaphor, allusion, and lexical repetition; various phonographic means, e.g., capitalization, graphic imagery, excessive punctuation, and graphon used to portray a wide variety of accents, etc. The official Russian edition conveyed the actual meaning and the lexical speech portraits by an effective use of various translation transformations, e.g., word order, lexical substitution, compensation, etc. In most cases, literal translation proved to be appropriate as it preserved the metagraphemic of the original text. However, the graphic fixation of the characters’ speech not always found its reflection in the translation text.

Colloquialism as a phenomenon in modern women’s prose (based on V. Tokareva’s novella “Nichevo osobennovo” (“Nothing Special”))

We associate the relevance of addressing the problem of the colloquial speech usage within the framework of a literary text and, in general, the consideration of individual techniques for creating colloquiality in the text with the need to determine the range of colloquial vocabulary use by masters of the word. Colloquiality is one of the most striking features of everyday speech related to spontaneity in communication. In everyday speech behavior of native speakers, colloquial speech clearly demonstrates both a function of communication and an expressive function. Colloquial speech is traditionally widely used by writers in a literary text to create a characters’ speech portrait and increase the impact of the author’s speech in works of fiction. The representatives of modern women’s Russian prose are no exception. The purpose of the study is to identify the specifics of creating colloquiality in a literary text in the works of outstanding authors of modern women’s prose. The study is based on V. Tokareva’s novella “Nothing Special”. This article uses descriptive and structural methods, as well as the method of linguistic and stylistic analysis in the study of the literary text. Particular attention is paid to individual techniques used for creating colloquialities in the text. We have come to the conclusion that V. Tokareva strives to bring the narrative closer to real life, to increase the expression of the narrative; therefore, she actively uses the elements of colloquial speech.

Эмотивная суггестивность в современном китайском художественном дискурсе (на примере романа Юй Хуа «Жить», 1992)

Introduction. The study examines some theoretical aspects and outlines practical approaches to the analysis of emotive density and its suggestiveness in contemporary Chinese fictional discourse. The work’s shift of attention focus to stylistic emotive attractors and points of structural tension in the text has formed a research interface, and makes it possible to identify some approaches to the analysis of emotive density in contemporary Chinese fictional discourse. Goals. The study aims to determine the functions of emotivity in the language of literary text in terms of ethnocultural specificity and semantic realization through the example of Yu Hua’s To Live (1992). Materials and methods. Theoretically, the work contains traces of integral and suggestive linguistics related to functional syntax and pragmatics, all that to yield an interdisciplinary approach. The artistic agenda of the novel acts as an isolated subjective world model and is viewed as a cognitive set of emotive attractions, the latter’s understanding and perception be determined by personal and social experiences along the axis ‘author–character–reader’. Results. Emotivity and emotional modes of Chinese fictional discourse are characterized by spatial connectivity between structural tension elements, the function of plot-building, individual features inherent to the speakers’ speech portraits, and actual speech effects on the recipient. Becoming a central element of text, emotivity acts as a meta-entity. The systemic stylistic relations of the multi-level linguistic units of the literary text and discourse tend to reflect the general correlation potentials between the functional/semantic fields of emotivity, expressiveness and modality.

Речевой портрет блогера-рассказчика “true crime story” (лингвостилистический аспект)

The aim of the study is to identify the linguistic and stylistic features of the speech portrait of a blogger leading his blog in the genre of “true crime story”, which is dedicated to the narration of real crimes. The scientific novelty of the study consists in the fact that the linguistic features of this genre are considered in the work for the first time and the specifics of the narrator’s speech portrait in the genre of “true crime story” manifested in the electronic environment is revealed. As a result of the study, it has been found that the speech portrait of a blogger-narrator of “true crime story” can be characterised as follows: a restrained, concise manner of narration, the unity of the audio-visual means used to enhance the impact on the listener, the representation of the blogger’s values to a wide audience, a detailed description of events, the use of links to information sources, the documentary nature of the presentation of the material, the abundance of legal terminology in speech, the predominance of bookish vocabulary, the use of epithets with negative stylistic colouring, rhetorical questions, parentheticals and quotations, etc.

Субжанр «обращение» в речи героев-интеллигентов (на материале советской драматургии 1950–1980-х годов)

The present article deals with the subgenre ‘address’ in the speech behavior of members of the Soviet intelligentsia. The research is based on 9 Soviet plays of V. Azernikov, S. Aleshin, A. Arbuzov, L. Zorin, S. Mikhalkov, M. Roshchin. The character’s education, profession, the author’s description, the actual speech portrait of the character (lexical, stylistic, communicative content), moral qualities of the character were important criteria for definition of a member of intelligentsia. All the selected characters were divided into three generational groups. The analysis showed that the subgenre “address” is a polyfunctional communicative unit, one of the components of the genres “greeting”, “farewell”, “congratulation”, “gratitude”, “apology”, “compliment”, “consolation”, “reproach”, “argument”, “declaration of love”. Addresses with possessive pronouns, ameliorative adjectives, metaphors and precedent names are actively used in the speech of members of the intelligentsia.

МІСТЕР ШЕРЛОК ХОЛМС ЧИ ШЕРЛОК? (ПОРІВНЯЛЬНИЙ АНАЛІЗ ГРАМАТИЧНИХ ОСОБЛИВОСТЕЙ МОВЛЕННЄВИХ ПАРТІЙ Ш.ХОЛМСА У ПОВІСТІ А. К. ДОЙЛА ТА ТЕЛЕСЕРІАЛІ)

The carried-out investigation is dedicated to the analysis of Sherlock Holmes’ speech portraits as represented in the story by Arthur Conan Doyle and in the British TV show “Sherlock” from BBC (2010). The investigation touches upon the basic grammatical peculiarities of Sherlock’s speech and uncovers the changes that the literary character’s image has undergone on the level of its speech. Thus, the paper results in the conclusion about the peaking frequency of simple sentences in the TV show Sherlock’s speech on the level of sentence structure, accounted for by the necessity to simplify his speech for the viewers to grasp it easier. For the same reason, the new medium calls for shorter lineal length of Sherlock’s utterances. Though declaratives still make up the predominant communicative sentence type in Sherlock’s speech, he is twice as frequent with his interrogatives as Doyle’s old Mister Sherlock Holmes, and uses rhetorical questions even more often than special ones. Sherlock from BBC is more emotional, using exclamatory sentences and imperatives, which are often packed with verbs of motion, like go and get, or ask his interlocutors to “shut up”. Despite using the term “sociopath” about himself, Sherlock initiates communication more often in the TV show than in the book, using direct addresses. The changes in Sherlock Holmes’ speech portraits the authors attribute both to the type of medium the literary character functions in and to the diachronical changes bringing about more informal conversations and new dialogue traditions.

Речевой портрет М. Горького: стилистические особенности письменной коммуникации в переписке с В. Поссе (1898-1901 гг.)

The research aims to characterise the epistolary style of M. Gorky using the material of his correspondence with V. Posse, a significant figure in the literary process at the turn of the century. Questions of a philosophical and ideological nature, problems of artistic creativity, publishing policy, personal relationships were raised in the letters to Posse, which led to the combination of features characteristic of different styles of speech within the same letter. The scientific novelty consists in proving the thesis that the communicative and pragmatic features of Gorky’s epistolary text are directly dependent on the personality of the addressee, the content of the issues discussed, the time and place of its writing, as well as the historical and personal situation faced by the addresser. The attained results have shown that Gorky’s speech portrait is a textual structure that has consistency and reflects the peculiarities of his written communication style. The system-forming elements of the speech portrait are: the orientation to the addressee’s utterance, the presence of micro-plots related to the discussion of the socio-political situation, the characteristics of the participants in the literary process in the text, the paradox technique that aggravates the situation of a dialogue-dispute, the introduction of scattered heteroglossia, indirect speech instead of quotation into the text of the letter, the stylistic heterogeneity of the utterance, the use of vernacular vocabulary.

THE BACKGROUND OF THE EMERGENCE OF PRAGMALINGUISTICS

The research in the fields of linguistics, psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, and ethnolinguistics is particularly interested in exploring how language can be used to appeal to various social, psychological, personal, and individual characteristics of individuals. The aim is to develop strategies for influencing speech, detect the impact of text on recipients through psycholinguistic and pragmalinguistic experiments, and diagnose the personalities of authors of reviews and political speeches from the 30-50s of the XX century by qualitatively and quantitatively interpreting fragments of their speech portraits.