Speech Portrait Research Articles

FEATURES OF STUDENTS' SPEECH (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF A SPEECH SELF-PORTRAIT)

The issue of developing soft skills (in particular, communication skills) among students of higher education institutions is currently relevant. The article considers features of oral and written speech of students as speech personalities; the correlation of the concepts “Speech portrait” and “Speech self-portrait” is presented; the connection between the concepts of “Communication skills” and “Speech self-portrait” is presented. The purpose of the article is to describe the typical features of speech of students of information technology, identified by the students themselves (norm and deviations). Speech self-portraits of students were used as the research material. The results obtained allow us to identify blocks of speech features that students focus on: speech comfort; the opposition of a typo (misprint)/spelling error; lexical features of speech. Completing this task also allows students to develop the skills of observing their speech and analyzing their speech behavior.

The peculiarities of speech portrait of Russian female politicians

The relevance of analyzing the speech aspect of political communication of Russian female lies in the fact that today the current focus of attention is the questions of creating a political image of state and public figures for achieve the needed social effects. A significant role in the process of creating the image is assigned not only to physical appearance of the politician, but also to peculiarities of their communication with the audience. The goal of this article is the analysis of speech portrait of a public linguistic personality on the example of modern Russian female politicians. The research employs contextological analysis and semantic-stylistic analysis, which allows revealing the semantic content of speeches and determining various stylistic functions in linguistic practice. Characteristic is given to the internal and external side of the personality image, specificity of its formation in the minds of the audience, peculiarities of the speech portrait of prominent Russian female politicians. The author pinpoints the important role of language in the sociopolitical and public spheres of communication. The conclusion is made on the degree of presence of masculine and feminine traits in the linguistic portrait of female politicians, the factors that substantiate such combination, as well as the desire of the female politicians to represent themselves as a “person of the people”. The analysis of speech portrait is conducted on the example of public speeches, polemics with opponents, etc, which implies an outline of a political position using speech techniques for effective resolution of the set tasks.

Способы реализации коммуникативных стратегий в коллективном речевом портрете современных немецких политиков (на материале текстов протокольно-этикетных речей)

The study aims to identify relevant ways for lexical implementation of speech strategies that underlie formation of collective and individual speech portraits of the leading German political figures basing on their ceremonial speeches. Scientific novelty of the study lies in developing a typology of strategies and tactics peculiar to ceremonial speeches of the leading German politicians. As a result, it is proved that in the sphere of ceremonial speeches, the collective speech portrait of the German politicians is structured in the process of using such universal strategies as the strategy of strict regulation of speech, the strategy of creating positive emotional mood, the strategy of argumentation and the strategy of cooperation, as well as the strategy of self-presentation, which is uncharacteristic of classical ceremonial speeches.

Sarcastic evaluation in mass media as a way of discrediting a person: Greta Thunberg case

The article is devoted to the analysis of a sarcastic evaluation of a person, which leads to their discrediting in media texts. Sarcastic evaluation is considered in terms of linguistic praxeology: the language and compositional means of nomination, description, and actions are analyzed. In a media text, these means interact with the means of expressing the category of deviance and forming semantic nodes. The category of deviance can manifest itself, on the one hand, in exuberance or the absurd, while on the other, in simplification or insufficiency of the sign revelation. Also, specific sarcastic speech techniques are identified. They are based on the discrepancy of referent and illocutionary meanings in the person’s speech portrait. The study of Russian media discourse about Swedish eco-activist Greta Thunberg revealed the active use of linguistic means expressing sarcastic evaluation to demonstrate the opposing viewpoint in relation to the transmitted semantic position of “Other”. When the media represents Greta in the totality of her disadvantages, this enters into a polemic against those who support the ideas of this person. With the help of sarcasm, the media shows the absurdness and failure of these ideas. In this case, a sarcastic evaluation becomes an instrument of discrediting not only the person him/herself, but also his/her views and associates. Linguistic means of sarcastic evaluation are widely represented in discrediting media texts. The most important of them are means such as absurdity, hyperbole, alogism, simplification, etc.

The images of foreigners in I. S. Shmelyov’s stories of the earlier period in the context of the theme of childhood

The subject of this research is the images of foreigners in I. S. Shmelyov’s stories of the earlier period “On the Seashore” and "Hassan and His Jeddi". The stories mark a neo-realistic period in the writer’s creative path, oriented towards depicting the social and everyday realities contemporary to the writer. The goal of this article lies in classification of the characters in the context of the theme of childhood. The belonging of the Turk Hassan and the Greek Dimitraki to a different ethnic and confessional culture, on the one hand allows conducting stylistic experiments to create a speech portrait of the Russian-speaking foreigner, while on the other hand figuratively indicates the diversity and unity of the universe. The novelty of this research consists in referring to the previously undeciphered and unpublished draft materials of the stories. The relevance of the selected topic is substantiated by the need for a more in-depth analysis of I. S. Shmelyov’s works of the earlier period, as namely them lay the foundation for the artistic philosophy and development of his writing style. Based on the comparative method and textual analysis, the article reveals the similar features of the foreign characters, which testifies to the fact that Shmelyov sought for the particular traits. The connection of foreign characters with the world of childhood (blood relationship or spiritual closeness with the child-character, retained childishness of perception of the world) resembles in their images the features of the chactachers of a righteous man and mentor, which were most fully described in Shmelyov’s works of the mature period.

DEVELOPMENT OF SPEAKING OF STUDENTS IN RUSSIAN LANGUAGE LESSONS

The article discusses the ways of developing the oral speech of students in the lessons of the Russian language. It is concluded that the peculiarities of the speech portrait of adolescents are the reflection in their speech of "speech handwriting", the use of sentences with a complex syntactic structure and, at the same time, the poverty of 40 Национальная ассоциация ученых (НАУ) # 64, 2021 vocabulary, the use of jargons, abbreviations and parasite words; lexical, grammatical and spelling errors. In the speech of adolescents, there are both advantages that should be welcomed by the teacher, and many disadvantages that need to be dealt with using various methods of developing oral speech.

Speech Portrait of the Old-timers of the East Slavic Bryansk-Gomel Border (On the 140 Anniversary Since the Birth of P. A. Rastorguyev)

The relevance of this work is due to the lack of linguistic research devoted to the current state of the Bryansk dialects, functioning in the zone, where Russia, Belorussia and Ukraine border. The article considers phonetic, grammatical and lexical-phraseological features of speech of old-timers inhabiting the south-west of the Bryansk region (Novozybkov, villages of the Novozybkovsky urban district and Zlynkovsky district) primarily in comparison with the features noted in the works of the doctor of philological sciences, professor, full member of the Institute of Belarusian Culture (later — the Belarusian Academy of Sciences) Pavel Andreevich Rastorguev (1881–1959). The collective speech portrait of elderly villagers, represented by their idiolects, is made up, on the one hand, of dialectal peculiarities, on the other hand, of phenomena that correspond to the norms of the modern Russian literary language. Particular dialectal speech features are determined by special geographical position of the southwestern regions of the Bryansk region in the past and the territorial proximity of Belarus and Ukraine (Belarusian and Ukrainian languages and dialects). These features constitute the archaic layer of the Bryansk dialects, since in the speech of the young rural population living in the city, people from villages, urban residents, as a rule, these features are manifested to a lesser extent or are completely absent. The speech portrait of the old-timers of the Bryansk-Gomel borderland forms an idea about the modern features of the border East Slavic Russian-Belarusian dialect.

President’s speech portrait

The research of the speech portrait of a politician’s personality in the framework of several linguistic paradigms including pragmalinguistics, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, and political discourse contributes to a multidimensional, comprehensive study of this phenomenon, meeting the requirements of the nowadays scientific demands. The appeal to this topic is due to insufficient knowledge of the system of linguistic and pragmatic means that form the speech portrait of modern politicians. The purpose of this paper is to describe the specifics of Barak Obama’s speech portrait during the period of his presidency in 2015-2016. The authors point out that the speech portrait of Barack Obama is formed by multi-level linguistic means, whose use is determined both by the cognitive picture of the politician’s world and peculiarities of the language system, cultural and historical experience of the nation, as well as by the rules and norms of political communication. The paper reveals the specifics of Barak Obama’s implementation of a communicative strategy of positive presentation and self-representation by using a number of speech influence methods. The article offers the linguistic analysis of Barak Obama’s public speeches and their pragmatic specifics that contribute to the detailed and precise creation of a modern politician’s speech portrait.

Word-building means in a political leader’s speech portrait (implicit pragmalinguistics)

Abstraсt. The article is concerned with the implicit pragmalinguistics which studies a person’s unconscious choice of verbal means to maximize the impact on the listener. The principles of hidden or implicit pragmalinguistics are put forward. They reveal the dependence of the actualization of hidden grammatical meanings on the speech situation of communication. The present article focuses on the characteristics of blogging as a form of comprehensive political communication. The paper aims at examining the specific features of political online written diaries in open social networks. It is established that the implicit speech influence on mass addressee is carried out by means of speech signals. These verbal signals actualize the plans of emotive and conative-aimed implied speech strategies of the hidden influence of the text sender on its recipient, so the author’s speech portrait is drawn up. Grammatical and textual forms of grammatical and textual categories are considered as speech signals. Along with them implicitly influencing derived lexical units formed by various word-building means are presented as verbal signals in the paper. It is formed the concept of speech behavior. According to the key features of a New Zealand politician’s speech behavior his personality is revealed. It has been developed in the form of the political leader’s speech habits based in the conditions of his national culture.

Speech behaviour in talk-shows on the basis of critical analysis of Oprah Winfrey's speech portrait

The success of a TV personality, both in the social and professional sphere, depends on the speed and effectiveness of his thinking, creative behavior in unexpected and unpredictable situations. The ability to quickly navigate various communication situations, find a successful path contributes to success. Knowledge about speech behaviour, speech impact, as well as the ability to use speech strategies and tactics can help achieve definite goals and increase communication efficiency. The study of speech behaviour of Oprah Winfrey has been carried out within the framework of hidden pragmalinguistics. The conducted research contributes to the development of a methodology for diagnosing the personality qualities of a speaker by his speech, to the theory of studying stereotypical speech behavior of professional groups.

В. И. КОМАРОВСКИЙ В ПЕРСОНАЖНОЙ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ РОМАНА Б. Л. ПАСТЕРНАКА «ДОКТОР ЖИВАГО»

The article deals with the image of the prominent Moscow lawyer Victor Komarovsky, one of the most negative characters in the novel by Boris Pasternak Doctor Zhivago. We study this character in the aspect of his professional activity, within the system of characters-lawyers and characters-doubles, in terms of the textual component. Being the character present throughout the novel, driving the plot, knowing all the subtleties of Russian legislation and entrepreneurship, Komarovsky is shown primarily in relations with Lara and Yuri, whose moral superiority is unbearable for him. Two motifs – the ‘enslavement of the girl’ and the rivalry with Zhivago, which permeate the entire narrative concerning Komarovsky, are framed by episodes where other characters of lawyers reveal dishonesty of the legal adviser.In creating the character of Komarovsky, Pasternak employs a whole range of techniques such as prospection, assimilation, aposiopesis, recognition, changing points of view, the principle of juxtaposition, speech portrait, reminiscences with the character of Fyodor Dostoevsky, and anthroponyms. All these techniques are intended to unmask Komarovsky as a person who uses the image of a human rights defender in achieving personal goals not only in relations with his principals and their relatives but also with colleagues; these devices expose the professional dishonesty of Komarovsky, who was inaccessible even to higher legal bodies. Another technique that contributes to deheroization of the character is a system of duality. It allows the writer not only to demonstrate the lawyer’s conformism, paucity of his interests, non-involvement in the fate of Russia but also to show activity of Kologrivov and Samdevyatov. Scrupulous work on the character of the lawyer exposes the methods he uses: without revealing himself in any transaction, he ruins a number of largest manufacturers, contributes to the death of their families, adapts in search for ways to wield power.

РЕЧЕВОЙ ПОРТРЕТ РУССКОЯЗЫЧНОГО ШКОЛЬНИКА ЛАТВИИ

The article presents an attempt of analyzing and summarizing the experience the author acquired over a number of years and which is connected with the problems of the Russian (L1, native) language acquisition by schoolchildren in Latvia. The author aims to describe the speech portrait of Russian-speaking schoolchildren in Latvia. The material presented in the article is based on the results of the author’s long-term research. It includes: 1) Russian language textbooks (grades 4–9) development, testing and monitoring, 2007–2019; 2) project work which has been and still is focused on the analysis of Russian speech quality among university students and schoolchildren, 2008–2019; 3) research into the quality of writing skills of university students in Latvia (University of Latvia and RISEBA), 2013–2019; 4) the author’s scholarly and methodological dialogue with the teachers of Russian in Latvia for more than twenty years. The author mainly focuses on several problems. Firstly, it is the analysis of the oral speech of schoolchildren and of the Russian verbal environment whose developing potential is not high enough for the successful development of a child’s language personality. The natural Russian verbal environment (media language, everyday speech) often offers low-quality material. Secondly, the author carries out a special study of the quality of schoolchildren’s writing skills as, according to scholars, it is written language, due to its specificity, that most vividly indicates the development of a language personality. Taking into account the results of the research, the author points out that there are many serious problems in the verbal behavior of most Russian-speaking schoolchildren. One of them is departures from linguistic norms at all linguistic system levels. The nature of these departures depends directly on the model of bilingual education that is implemented at schools children attend. The author pays attention to the problem areas of the schoolchildren’s written language: 1) breaking of the spelling and punctuation rules of Russian; 2) confusion in speech of words and collocations belonging to different styles, lack of sense of style; 3) quality of written texts created by schoolchildren: problems with text structure; schoolchildren more often use explicit “I-communication” (reflective statements, texts with egocentric perspective), have a rather limited vocabulary; schoolchildren’s essays contain very few intertextual inclusions, as a result, their texts seem very poor semantically; schoolchildren have no desire to express emotions in their writing (rational/pragmatic description of a problem, situation prevails). The author concludes that the development of a diaspora schoolchild’s language personality in L1 (the Russian language) is not successful enough.

Speech portrait of the North Ossetian region head: discourse tracks 2021

Speech portrait of the North Ossetian region head: discourse tracks 2021

Speech Portrait of the Timotheev Family (Shadrinsk, XX Century)

Speech Portrait of the Timotheev Family (Shadrinsk, XX Century)

Speech portrait of voice assistant “Alice”

Speech portrait of voice assistant “Alice”

On the question of speech portraits of political propagandists

Based on the analysis of the oral public speech of popular publicists (S. A. Mikheev and I. N. Panarin) working in electronic media and the Internet, the article attempts to characterize the stylistic and semantic originality of modern Russian pro-government propaganda. The dependence of the nature of the linguistic features of propaganda on such factors as the personality of the propagandist, the scope of his activities, and the nature of the transmission is established. It is shown that the personal qualities of Mikheev is conditioned by such features of his speech as emotionality, exceeding the permissible volume level, and careless pronunciation style, while Professor Panarin is characterized by an academic manner of speech with its inherent consideration of the opposite point of view, argumentation, and respect for the audience. It is claimed that the influence of the sphere of activity (Mikheev works in electronic media, such as Evening with Vladimir Solovyov, the radio program Iron Logic, Panarin conducts an analytical program Igor Panarin. World Politics on the YouTube channel) is found in taking into account the composition and request of the audience to which the propaganda is directed. Television discussion allows rudeness, verbal aggression, reduced vocabulary, political banter, logic of the absurd, direct insults, and threats to opponents. Analytical transmission involves the strategic forecasting of events filled with the metaphysics of propaganda, the creation of mythologies, the use of allegories, and hints. It is proved that despite the almost opposite stylistic format, the propaganda discourse of Mikheev and Panarina is characterized by common dominant semantic categories, such as traditional family values, religiosity, conservatism, protection of the interests of the state, humanistic maximalism, and the historical continuity of Russia.

Речевой портрет учителя в китайской лингвокультуре

Речевой портрет учителя в китайской лингвокультуре

Representing school discourse stimuli

Discourse study in contemporary science is characterized by various approaches, whose integrative feature is the fact that this theoretical phenomenon is considered as a communicative activity and is caused by anthropocentric factors of speech generation. The representation of school discourse stimuli allows simulating the speech portrait of participants in educational activities. School discourse is a complex communicative phenomenon created by the subjects of the school educational process. It reflects the totality of accepted values and behavioral stereotypes in a particular socio-cultural space. The work aims to investigate the stimuli of school discourse. This work was conducted employing methods, such as 1) the free associative experiment; 2) quantitative analysis, which allowed identifying the actualization of the incentive perception based on quantitative data; and 3) discursive and conceptual analysis, which involved the identification of concepts, simulating them based on the conceptual totality of the means of their lexical representation in the usage. In the course of conducted study, about 600 native speakers of the Russian language were interviewed, and 9,440 associations were obtained for the school discourse stimuli. In the language consciousness of schoolchildren and teachers, associations for the “Family” stimulus were dominant, and the associative field of this stimulus was represented most broadly. The smallest number of associations was noted with regard to the “Evil” stimulus. The frequency of associations in the stimuli “Good”, “Happiness”, “Love”, “Friendship”, “Joy”, and “Labor” was approximately the same. The representation of school discourse stimuli reflects the value system, worldviews, moods, and assessments of recipients. Such a study was conducted for the first time.

Speech Portrait of Personality as a Tool of Forensic AuthorshipAttribution

The article discussesapplication of speech portraitpotential in forensic authorship attribution. An illustrative example is the speech portraits of Russian vernacular native speakers of different ages and genders living in the same language community - the village of Kamyshenka, Altai Krai. The results of the study can be used for speech identification within the framework forensic authorship attribution, since the described lexical and grammatical features of the speech of each respondent form unique combinations that allow for the identification procedure. The nature of the narrative strategies in the structure of the speech portrait is also established, which are no less, if sometimes even a more informative feature of the speech portrait of a linguistic persona than the lexical and grammatical features of the speech.

Специфика идентификации виртуальной языковой личности блог-коммуникации (на материале английского языка)

The research objective includes developing an algorithm for identification of a virtual linguistic personality with a view to create its speech portrait. The article analyses the basic traits of a virtual linguistic personality, considers lexico-semantic and stylistic features of blogs, examines cognitive and pragmatic components of a linguistic personality. The study is conducted by the material of the English language. Scientific originality of the research involves algorithmization of the process of a virtual linguistic personality identification. The research findings are as follows: the authors develop an algorithm for linguocultural identification of a virtual linguistic personality taking into account its individual peculiarities in the context of blog communication.