Speech Behavior Research Articles

Development of Interdisciplinary Views on the Energetics of Human Communicative Behavior

This paper presents the results of a retrospective analysis of the scientific views on the energetics of human communicative and speech behavior. The etymology of the lexeme ‘energy’ is looked into; the definitions of the notion of ‘energy’ available in 17 lexicographic sources are analyzed, and semantic units incorporated into its lexical meaning are extracted. The analysis of their content makes it possible to define four essential features of the general scientific notion of ‘energy’ and synthesize its definition. As the energetics of human communicative behavior is traditionally seen as divided into the psychic and the physical components, its adequate description is possible only with the instruments of the integrative approach. The issues of mutual conversion of several types of energy to cater for various individual’s behavioral programs, as well as physical and physiological aspects of speech energetics have already been researched to a certain extent. Less attention has been paid to the psychic energy of a person, which nonetheless is intuitively considered to be a significant motive of any form of human activity. A concise account of historical views on the human psychic energy, nominated “prana”, “chi”, “soul”, “spirit”, “entelechy”, “energeia”, “psychic pneuma”, “animal spirits”, etc. is provided in the paper. Milestones in the research of the neurophysiological aspect of the energy supply of human communicative and speech behavior are reviewed. Special attention is paid to Freud’s description of the human psychic energy “economy” as the first full-fledged theory, capable of forming the basis for modeling the energetics of human communicative and speech behavior. Mention is made of the modern concept of “allostasis” oriented towards an anticipatory forecasting of energy needs by the organism rather than its posterior restoration upon some significant psychic events. Due to a lack of theoretical and experimental linguistic research, taking into consideration energy dynamics of the communicants’ psychic processes, a universal stochastic model of utterance generation, developed by A. Kalyta and O. Klymeniuk appears specifically promising. It could be effectively used in the development of the methodology of an experimental-phonetic study of conflict talks, typically marked with a significant level of emotional tension.

Compliment Response in Chinese Speech Behavior

Compliment response is one of the most studied speech strategies in modern pragmatics research. Scientists conduct comparative studies of compliment tactics and responses between representatives of different languages, cultures and nationalities. Early work on the speech behavior of the Chinese found that Chinese speakers in most cases reject the compliment. Researchers believe that this is due to the norm of modesty and respect for other people, as well as self-deprecation. The last years of work on the study of the speech behavior of the Chinese do not lose their relevance, especially since they give different results, demonstrating that rejection does not always remain the dominant tactic of compliment response. Among the reasons of the change, researchers cite China’s socio-economic development, growing contacts with the outside world, the influence of Western cultural values, as well as the rejection of the “one family — one child” policy. As part of this study, we conducted a semi-closed survey with the participation of 300 Chinese students aged 18 to 25, where eight communication situations and variants of speech behavior in them were modeled for the respondents. The results showed that instead of choosing the tactic of rejecting the compliment, most respondents accepted compliments. Thus, Chinese speakers accept compliments in the same way as speakers of many Western languages, such as English and German.

Fathi, ’24 Formulaic Politeness in Moroccan Arabic

This paper aims to show that Moroccan males and females do make use of polite speech behavior that cannot be accounted for in Brown & Levinson’s framework of politeness. In other words, such highly expressive speech behavior is different from Brown & Levinson’s politeness strategies in many respects. While such politeness behavior attends to the face wants of the hearer, it cannot be considered as politeness strategies in Brown & Levinson’s sense, but rather as Politeness Formulas. Politeness formulas differ also from strategies with respect to their politeness conversational structure.

Mechanisms of Scientist Spirit Communication for Building Scientific Culture in the Context of Deep Learning

Abstract With science and technology as the first productive forces, the construction of science and culture has gradually become an important indicator of national strength, and the competition around the construction of science and culture has intensified. In this study, we construct an LSTM behavior recognition model with multidimensional feature fusion from a deep learning perspective, aiming to identify the propagation of the scientist’s spirit through speech behavior. We deeply delve into the role of scientists’ spirits and utilize association rules to explore the relationship between the dissemination of scientists’ spirits and the construction of scientific culture. This paper’s recognition model achieves a recognition accuracy of 95.84% for innovative spirit communication behaviors and a recognition rate of 73.56% for dedication spirit communication behaviors. The recognition accuracy for the six spiritual communication behaviors of patriotism, innovation, truth-seeking, dedication, collaboration, and education is average, with an effective recognition rate of 86.05%. In summary, this study suggests a development strategy for scientists’ spiritual communication aimed at fostering the advancement of scientific culture. This strategy serves as a scientific benchmark for enhancing the development of scientific culture.

Common and related speech behavior: pictorial aids in artistic text

Common and related speech behavior: pictorial aids in artistic text

Meaning: Realism vs Skepticism

A straight solution to Kripke’s problem proposed by Borisov is discussed in the article. The significance of the problem for modern philosophy of language and epistemology is established. Controversial aspects in Borisov’s study are analyzed. The main question is following. What solution to Kripke’s problem would be considered straight? It is argued that Borisov’s solution does not reach the level of a straight solution although it represents a significant step in this direction. The methodological importance of Borisov’s thesis that knowledge of meaning is not an interpretation of the facts of speech behavior is substantiated.

Features of linguistic expertise of texts of dialogues on anti-corruption cases

The object of the study is dialogue texts with signs of corrupt speech behavior. The subject of the study are marker words, linguistic methods that reveal linguistic signs of a discourse that has a meaningful and semantic focus on receiving or transferring values for the actions of the recipient (inaction), in favor of the giver. The purpose of this work was to conduct a communicative analysis of corrupt speech behavior in the text–dialogue: to accept illegal remuneration for actions (inaction) in the service in order to obtain valuables in the event of an agreement between the specified persons.The main task of the linguistic and forensic examination of anti-corruption cases is to establish the event by its speech representation: it is required to prove that the dialogue is about the transfer of funds. To solve this issue, it is necessary to conduct a communicative analysis of the text-dialogue. The research methodology is related to the communicative analysis of texts-dialogues with signs of corruption content, based on the works of D.L. Karpov, "on the theoretical and practical works of A. N. Baranov, K. I. Brinev, E. N. Galyashina, M. A. Grachev, I. A. Sternin, etc., devoted to cases related to corruption. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the use of a communicative approach within the framework of text-dialogue analysis, logical-semantic and functional-stylistic analysis. The analysis of the expert study of the text-dialogue on anti-corruption cases is presented, the conceptual framework is developed. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the main task of linguistic expertise in anti-corruption cases is to establish an event by its speech representation through the use of a set of semantic and pragmatic techniques of discursive analysis, which allows us to clarify the signs of conversational dialogue that are significant for the legal qualification of speech crimes. When conducting a communicative analysis of a corrupt text, it is important to identify signs of corrupt speech behavior. When analyzing a communicative corruption situation, it is necessary to consider the speech strategies and tactics of the participants in the dialogue, which ultimately allow us to determine the true intentions of the communicants aimed at achieving a communicative goal.

Лингвистический анализ политического текста как способ отражения национальной языковой картины мира

Any text as a discourse can reflect a fragment of the surrounding reality. A political text reflects politics peculiarities and demonstrates speech behavior of a politician. On the example of the Appeal of Russian President Vladimir Putin to the citizens of Russia before the elections, a linguistic analysis of the political text as a means of representation of na-tional linguistic picture of the world was carried out.

Review of Tatyana Nikolaevna Ushakova’s Book “The Nature of the Meaningfulness of the Word”

The review of the book by T.N. Ushakova “The nature of the meaningfulness of the word” considered the main idea of the book — the ratio of subjective and objective components of speech, the external form of the word and its subjective content, their mutual complementarity and the irreducibility of the sum to a single whole. Its evidences based on the author’s analysis of a large volume of literary and experimental data, including the work of the author of the book, T.N. Ushakova, were analyzed. It is emphasized that the book is a fundamental work that summarizes experimental data and their deep understanding, allowing the author to formulate a new psychophysiological concept of speech formation and language acquisition. This is an interdisciplinary study covering different aspects of speech behavior from the positions of psychology, physiology, linguistics, psychophysiology and philosophy, starting from the early vocalizations of infants and their motor activity, and ending with the processes of language creativity in adult. Review noted that expanding the problem of studying language and speech, T.N. Ushakova turns to neuropsychological and psychophysiological studies of verbal phenomena, describing approaches aimed at studying their mechanisms; offers a behavioral scheme for the formation of meaningful behavior - from its origin in infancy to its implementation in older age. The book contains three logically connected parts – Background on psychological and psycholinguistic studies of words; The origin and development of the phenomenon of meaningfulness; Language and word creation. The content of each part leads to the perception of increasingly information presented in the next chapter. The logical conclusion of the author’s many years of research is the concept of language, which is new in linguistics, outlined in the book. The book is interesting for specialists in various fields of knowledge - philologists, linguists, psychologists, psychophysiologists, philosophers.

ВЛИЯНИЕ СОЦИАЛЬНО-КУЛЬТУРНЫХ УСЛОВИЙ НА УРОВЕНЬ ФАМИЛЬЯРНОСТИ В ОБЩЕНИИ

Socio-cultural factors influence on manifestation of familiarity communication in modern society is studied in the article. Familiarity communication is defined in the work as a specific form of speech behavior, conventionally fixed by the cultural and socio-historical practice. Research of personal speech preferences in a socio-cultural context makes it possible to substantiate the reasons for choice of certain verbal or non-verbal means with familiarity orientation, which is regulated by the level of cultural, ethical, moral and value attitudes formation of both the individual and society as a whole. It is noted that differences in familiarity communicative style use in institutional and everyday spheres of society are caused by socially determined distribution of communicants' socio-cultural characteristics and are associated with cooperative or disjunctive communication strategy implementation. The paper describes the results of empirical material analysis, which combined samples of modern speech oral statements by native Russian speakers and modern literary works fragments with examples of common ways and means of expressing familiarity, as well as the author's sociological survey. The data obtained as a result of processing indicate dependence of familiarity manifestation degree on participants' social-role or status position in communication, as well as the particular socio-communicative situation specific conditions.

Лексические средства отражения русского менталитета в текстах учебников по русскому языку как иностранному

The paper deals with the issue of representing the Russian mentality in the texts of Russian as a foreign language`s textbooks. When teaching Russian, through the language foreigners learn about the historically determined cultural codes of the people, the peculiarities of the national character and speech behaviour of Russian people. As a result of the study, the authors summarized the main features of the Russian mentality presented in 25 scientific works, analyzed the texts of 50 manuals on Russian as a foreign language, determined the means of reflecting the Russian mentality, and indicated the national features broadcast in educational texts. As the analysis showed, the texts of the Russian as a foreign language present the following features of the Russian mentality: hard work, laziness / passivity, caution in conducting business, ability to contemplate, love of freedom and fatalism, maximalism in expressing feelings and emotions, sociability, approval of cognitive activity, value of relationships. These qualities are translated through stable expressions of a metaphorical nature, stable expressions with nationally significant lexemes: longing, fate, soul, will; lexical and grammatical techniques (antithesis, anaphora, deixis, predicates, nominatives). As a basic method, a method of complex linguistic description was used, including methods of generalization, interpretation and classification of language facts. The results obtained during the analysis may be used in the development of new textbooks on Russian as a foreign language, more specifically aimed at developing the socio-cultural competence of students.

Эксплицитные и имплицитные маркеры конфликтного речевого поведения в интернет-опосредованной коммуникации периода пандемии COVID-19

Introduction. The Internet leaves a significant imprint on the features of the construction and means of implementing conflict communication. The calculation of these tools allows us to differentiate communicative conflicts on the Internet with a sufficient degree of clarity and suppress them.
 Aim. Identification and comprehensive study of the conflict speech behavior in the process of exchanging comments on posts in the LiveJournal for the period from January 2020 to December 2022.
 Methodology and research methods. A continuous sampling method is used to select study material, a method of complex communicative-pragmatic analysis provides the assessment of comments as conflicting, linguostylistic analysis and contextual analysis contribute to detect the explicit and implicit markers of conflict interaction.
 Results. Detected explicit markers: profanity, zoometaphores, negative facial nomination from the point of view of origin, mental development, health status, level of education, from the point of view of the interests of society, occasionalism of the pandemic period, naming of the interlocutor as representatives of hostile ideology, emotive verbs with negative meaning, neutral device nominations when referring to the interlocutor, lexical means with threat, isolation, vaccinating semantics. Detected implicit markers: means that contribute to the construction of a dichotomy "own - alien", phraseologisms with negative connotations, an abundance of punctuation marks, Internet memes for the transmission of emotions, typeface, parcellated constructions, English-language interspersions, erratives, multiple questions, incomplete sentences, parallel constructions, repetitions, imperatives, subjunctive mood in an incentive meaning, modal words with the semantics of dignity. Means-enhancers of conflict interaction: adversative conjunctions, hyperbolization, phonetic pun, indefinite pronouns, double negation, adverbs-intensifiers, amplifying-excretory particles.
 Scientific novelty. A wide range of verbal and non-verbal means that show conflict explicitly and implicitly has been identified.
 Practical significance. We believe that the achieved results will ensure the regulation of the increase in conflict situations on the Internet.

Variation of Spoken Slovene in the Case of Geographically Mobile Speakers

Based on the pioneering variationist research on Slovene language material, the article explores the authentic language use of speakers of the Cerkno dialect who commute daily or weekly to work or school in Slovenia’s capital, Ljubljana. The research corpus comprises excerpts from informants’ full-day audio self-recordings, selected to represent variation of location, interlocutors, and conversation topic. Through a quantitative analysis of five phonological variables, the study reveals distinct language strategies with speakers of other varieties, resulting in a classification of one code-switcher, three code-mixers, and one dialect speaker language strategies employed by the informants when communicating with speakers of other varieties, resulting in a classification of code-switchers, code-mixers and dialect speakers. Furthermore, the qualitative data derived from interviews shed light on various sociopsycholo­gical aspects of the focal topic, such as the informants’ perception of their own speech behaviour, their experiences with language use, and their language attitudes, providing deeper insights into their language variability and highlighting the intricacies of language choice and interpersonal communication.

Lesson Fragments Modelling in the System of Practical Training of Speech Therapy Students

The study investigates the effective techniques to train primary skills of organizing and conducting speech therapy classes with speech therapy students. The article demonstrates that lesson modelling is a necessary and important technique that functions as an intermediate link between lesson plan preparation and its implementation. The purpose of the study is to determine the tasks and the most effective ways to use lesson modelling in the system of practical training of speech therapy students. Methodology and research methods: experimental analysis of typical mistakes made at the primary stage of lesson plan implementation by speech therapy students; comparative analysis of the tasks set before speech therapy students in the course of their professional training at the stages of note taking, modelling and implementation of lesson fragments; systematization of the main aspects of lesson modelling taught in various modules of specialized speech therapy disciplines. Research results. The research has revealed that lesson modelling of speech therapy classes increases the effectiveness of students’ training in their work with children and adults with speech disorders, as well as in family counseling and other areas of their professional activity. It is shown that there are certain skills that are best practiced at the first stages of lesson modelling; they include the skills of competent selection of speech material, tasks distribution in the overall structure of a lesson and the development of various models of a speech therapist’ speech behavior when working with different categories of persons with speech disorders. The article concludes by summarizing the data on the role, tasks, content and characteristic features of lesson modelling in the system of practical training of speech therapy students, and the prospects for the development of this method.

TUNDRA, SPIRITUS, MADAM WIG AND HE-GOAT: A STUDY OF NICKNAMES OF TEACHERS IN TWO GHANAIAN GIRLS’ SENIOR HIGH SCHOOLS

Nicknaming is a common practice in most academic environments. This study investigated nicknames students used for teachers in two girls’ Senior High Schools in Ghana, utilising Scott’s (1990) Sociological Theory on Resistance to Domination. Employing an ethnographic approach that includes participant observations, semi-structured interviews, and informal interactions with the students, the study revealed that ‘namers’ secretly nicknamed their referents and used these names in the absence of the ‘named’ mostly in informal conversations in both inside and outside of the classrooms. These nicknames are used to identify the teachers’ characteristics inside and outside the classroom, focusing on the teachers’ speech behaviours, fashion lifestyles, physical appearances, and personal habits. A key significance of the findings is that they contribute to the extant literature on nicknaming practices from a site that has been under-researched. Further, the study is a significant foundation for future exploration of students’ use of nicknames for teachers in Senior High Schools and other academic settings in Ghana and elsewhere. The study also has implications on the structure and use of language in the senior high school environments as most of the nicknames are coined in the English language and Twi.
 Keywords: Informal Conversations, Nicknames, Public Transcript, Senior High Schools, Teachers.

Osobliwości użycia formy ‘imię + imię odojcowskie’ w rosyjskojęzcznej komunikacji politycznej i medialnej

The article discusses the nuances of using the ‘first name – patronymic’ form in modern Russian in the field of politics and media communication. Special attention is drawn to cases, such as the rejection of the ‘first name – patronymic’ form in favour of using only the name; asymmetry in communication; the use of non-standard patronymics; the use of patronymics in communication with representatives of other states; features of speech behaviour of opinion leaders. Data used in the article is taken from Russian written and electronic media and lead to the conclusion that in recent decades, the Russian language has seen changes in the use of the ‘first name – paternal name’ form. However, the narrowing of the spheres of use of the paternal name does not mean its complete disappearance. It is still normative in some environments and professional circles (e.g. school, university, official institutions), in official communication involving state office-holders, while the scope of use of this form in broader political and media communication is gradually diminishing.

Everyday language input and production in 1,001 children from six continents.

Language is a universal human ability, acquired readily by young children, who otherwise struggle with many basics of survival. And yet, language ability is variable across individuals. Naturalistic and experimental observations suggest that children's linguistic skills vary with factors like socioeconomic status and children's gender. But which factors really influence children's day-to-day language use? Here, we leverage speech technology in a big-data approach to report on a unique cross-cultural and diverse data set: >2,500 d-long, child-centered audio-recordings of 1,001 2- to 48-mo-olds from 12 countries spanning six continents across urban, farmer-forager, and subsistence-farming contexts. As expected, age and language-relevant clinical risks and diagnoses predicted how much speech (and speech-like vocalization) children produced. Critically, so too did adult talk in children's environments: Children who heard more talk from adults produced more speech. In contrast to previous conclusions based on more limited sampling methods and a different set of language proxies, socioeconomic status (operationalized as maternal education) was not significantly associated with children's productions over the first 4 y of life, and neither were gender or multilingualism. These findings from large-scale naturalistic data advance our understanding of which factors are robust predictors of variability in the speech behaviors of young learners in a wide range of everyday contexts.

Modernization of Teaching a Native (Russian) Language

This article reveals the main aspects of using the language of a particular linguistic community when mastering the sociolinguistic rules of speech communication that characterize a given society, as well as understanding the impact of social factors on the speech behavior of participants in communication

Communicative Tolerance as a Psychological Phenomenon

The aim of our research is to show elements of communicative tolerance, to emphasize the actuality of this problem, to introduce communicative tolerance as a psychological phenomenon, which is especially interested in Psycholinguistics and Sociolinguistics. Methods of the research. The following theoretical methods of the research were used to solve the tasks formulated in the article: a categorical method, structural and functional methods, the methods of the analysis, systematization, modeling and generalization. The method of organizing empirical research was used as an experimental method. The results of the research. We proved that communicative tolerant speech was a means of communication in its form, it was directly related to the mental characteristics and states of the individual (as a manifestation of different feelings: moods, emotions, euphoria, anxiety, frustration, etc.; as a manifestation of the person’s attention: concentration, inattention; as a manifestation of will, determination, confusion, composure; as a manifestation of thinking: doubts, confidence; as a manifestation of imagination: dreams, creative thoughts). Conclusions. In our research we proved that speech behavior was caused by the following social factors: culture, national characteristics, ethics, education and interpersonal communication, which in the process of internalization have become internal components of mental structures. At the same time, the external manifestations of psychophysiological processes of communicative tolerance in human speech behavior are expressed from the phonetic side of speech (as vibration of the person’s voice, timbre modulation, increased tempo, speed of speech reactions).

MEMBANGUN PERILAKU SANTUN SISWA DALAM TINDAK TUTUR ASERTIF PADA SISWA DI SEKOLAH

This research aims to strengthen the renewal of the concept of polite behavior for students in class 7 Indonesian language learning at SMPN 17 Bengkulu City. Thus, the aim of this research is to describe the types of polite behavior of students in learning Indonesian, along with the continuity of these speech acts. The problems in this research are: 1) what are the teacher's assertive speech acts in the 7th grade Indonesian language learning process at SMP Negeri 17 Bengkulu City, 2) what are the uses of assertive speech acts carried out at school, and 3) is there any use of assertive speech acts in behavior? polite students at SMPN 17 Bengkulu City. This research was carried out from 28 August 2023 to 29 August 2023. The data sources in this research were informants, namely teachers and students and incidents of polite behavior in class 7 when learning Indonesian. This research uses data collection techniques. The data collection used in this research is a study of research information or data obtained from photos, sound recordings and videos. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that polite behavior in learning is very important to improve teachers' polite behavior in assertive speech acts among students at school